KLINGER EDUCATIONAL PRODUCTS CORP. ZAP TH ROAD CCOUEGE POINT, NEW YORK 1356 (ia) aseta22 re <= , LEYBOLD DIDACTIC GmbH LEYBOLD 04i99-v5-Pe- 1 Deseription ‘The photo cal used to demonstrate the photoelectric effect ‘When the photocathode is radiated with light, electrons are Noorated fom the photeesthode and can be detected atthe an- fod ring asa phatoelectne curantna sutabe creut. This de ‘ice can be Used Yo show that tho energy ofthe Iights propor tional tothe frequoncy of th radiation and independent ofthe Intensity nf tha taiaion, Whan the ohotocathode is radia ‘nth menoehvemate igh, Iie possible to determine Pans constant, In addition to confiming Planck’s calculations forthe radiation ‘ts hack had Eitan’ interorotaton of these exoerients ‘onfrmed he quantum nature of faht Safety notes “The pao cellconsiae fan avaeuata glass bulb Fag! + Do nt subeot the phot cll to mechanical stresses. Intensive neating ofthe pnotocathods can reparably de + Protec tne photo cel rom overheating + Protect tne photo cal against excessive incdentigh {658 793)" or the compact arrangement or determining. Pranck’s consant (658 78) and protec these Irom direct sumight, 1 Be sue tore Uw stibcion Sheet before baking out he sree Instruction Sheet 558 77 Photo cell for determining Planck's constant (5A 77) £E14 bao, for contact connection of anode ring Evacuated glass bulb Brass cap, for contact connection of photocathode Photocathode Anode ing 2 teennicat eata Photocathode: Materia Potassium ‘nih oxidized siver coating Dimensions 40mm dia Conact ype cfindrical brass cap, 10.mm a ‘Anode ring: Materiat platinun-rhadium alloy Dimensions 20mmdia Contact ype ‘worn on era suse, fortiking out the ing Resistance: 120 Typical phooeletic curt: 01-1 4A {for lamination wth unfitered Eght fram he Hg lamp) omxdomx25en 208 Dimensions: Weight:age 23 Instruction sheet $58 77 3 Operation 4 Principle of determining Planck's constant Principes: Whan tha ohotnratheta nf he phot cle turns wet ight a asufcenty short wavelongth this can cause the release of ‘lect. The energy ofthe photons is used fo overcome the ‘lectronic work function W. The surplus energy I transformed Info the kinetic energy ofthe electrons. We can thus say ny BaP ew 2 tis important to note here that the electronic work function Wis Bolentials ofthe cathode and the anode, Particularly th emis ‘on potential ofthe cathode isa quantity that cificuk to estima- fe, as due othe manufacturing process th cathose surface is ‘ot homaaeneous. Its comarca ata miehne of patasniory Bolassium oxide and oxidized siver. For his reason, you nocd to take care that tho same area is always iaminated when il: ‘minting the cathode with ight of various wavelonths, I we now apsly an oppasing voltage U between the cathode and he anode, current wil flow as fang as tho flowing cond. ton obtains eu ‘As s00n asthe opposing voltage Is go great that he electrons an no longer overcome fe the current stops flowing. For the uta value \Whon wo pit this value against the requency v, the slope of tha line for = known slcttan charge © gee stant = Use a suitable monochromatic ght source, Connect the photo cet i a sutable circuit (see aso the In Sirution Shae ofthe basic dovice er photo cal (S58 79) or the compact arrangement for determining Planck's constant (658 79), ~eneck o make sure tna the light beam falls on neither the ‘anode ring norte connection wie of tha photocathode ~Wnen changing the wavelength, make eure thatthe same spoton the photocathode is always iluminated. ‘Note: The coating ofthe photocathode can vary locally: thus the emission work forthe photoelectrons can vary locally 35 Wel This can flsty tha maasinamant resulte when th Fahl Spot onthe photocathode is allorod when the wavelength is changed. Ths factor has been compensated in the basic de vie fer photo cel($58 791) andthe compect arrangement for determining Planck's constant ($58 78) bv meane of sutabe Slaprragas Measuring exam a be ES We= 1602-10" Cweoblainh= 61-105 Literature value: h= 6.626. 10° Js ‘Noe: The measured valu forthe vatages Us given in the table can vary great fom devise W deve, and Svon as 8 funeton of he laminated area of tho photo cel The aferen: ‘228 inthe votages, onthe ether hand are reproduc within the limits of measurement accuracyInstruction sheet 858 77 5 Baking out the anode ring Potassium can precipitate on the anode ring in very old photo calls, in the course of storage at higher amen! temperatures Funder iuminaton ofthe photo eels at very high intensities, ‘making t necessary obi out te anode ring “Altention: Bake out the anode rng only if the measurement re ‘ls cannot be improved by any other maans, 2s the potassium atoms baked out of the anode rng can preciate aver he ent- ‘eau vt Paricutany wien th proGess period Inpro= ery, the potassium layer ofthe photocathode ean be overhea- fe, ‘more potassium which can precipitate over the entre photo celland ths ireparably damage the device. ~Set up the elctcal creat as shown nthe iustration, ~ Apply an opposing voltage Us of 1-2 V between the anode and the cathode ~ Switch on the measuring amplifier for measuring the photo- eloctic curren. ~ Switch onthe heating voltage forthe anode ring 2 V, approx. 4104.2.) and observe the inccater forthe photoset cur rent. ‘As a00n as the sign ofthe photoelectric curent changes, ster ‘approx. 1-28, (The change insignis the bast inicatin fo suff lent bakino-o ~ Switch offthe heating voltage immadiataly. ~ Never heat beyond this point or work for longer periods with lower heating currents, |Potassium has precipitated on Only as a last resort when all_| pagei3 © Fault-inding Problem: The measured values forthe opposing voltage Ub Var areal and are notreproduci,_ cs souton Sd ‘The photoeleciric currents are|=Ground the setup in star] [ary tow so that interference) configuration etmnat loops factors have a areal alfect| which ‘can’ fines ae ‘The device. has no’ been| antennas [rounded careful |-Ground housing of photo i ~ wround screening of coaxial cable for current measur ‘ment | Ground optical bench if ne ‘essary. = Use cath hans necessa Problem: The measured values for the opposing voltage Uo ‘aro stable, but the volagedifrences ae too hight. {caus The insuation ofthe photo cel = simpatres, nthe photo el ‘aricularly the glass bub. |-Cinan ha ctl ith ai = Clean the contacts carefully, 6.9, with scone) o remove lnecasor and then slat | ‘The potassium coating of cathode and thus the ecto. fi re tinan fe neon \isibvted, A diferent area i liuminated ater ennging the wavelength, Iminated. Elecrone are being lemitted trom the anode ring entrance to tho photo cel (Included in 55870" and 558794) iy) toa high, possibly use an is) iaphragm as a space fiter or lerosned polaris Stervate the int [Excessive ‘ight iniensities|—Do not set the ight in causing reflections onthe an ‘ogering th node ring. The electronic les fale ware incon ls no exe Bate out te anode cing to ly law and the opposing cur-| Bake out the anods ring to| rents arevery high, pore the pat | AFYBOLD DIDACTIC GMI Leybléstesse 1.50354 Huth. Phono (02235) 606.0. Teleon (2238) 69¢ 222 ema wloSlevbaleailacic or ty tepble Der Se Pineda Feat ef Caen “ecb