Spring 2012

Signals and Systems

Chapter SS-7
Sampling

Shou shui Wei

SDU-BME
Sep08 Dec08

Figures and images used in these lecture notes are adopted from
Signals & Systems by Alan V. Oppenheim and Alan S. Willsky, 1997

Outline Shou shui Wei2012

Representation of of a Continuous-Time Signal

by Its Samples: The Sampling Theorem
Reconstruction of of a Signal from Its Samples
Using Interpolation
The Effect of Under-sampling: Aliasing
Discrete-Time Processing of Continuous-Time
Signals
Sampling of Discrete-Time Signals
The Sampling Theorem Shou shui Wei2012

Representation of CT Signals by its Samples

The Sampling Theorem Shou shui Wei2012

Representation of CT Signals by its Samples

 Shou shui Wei2012
The Sampling Theorem

Representation of CT Signals by its Samples

Shou shui Wei2012

The Sampling Theorem

Impulse-Train Sampling:
The Sampling Theorem Shou shui Wei2012

Impulse-Train Sampling:

Eq 4.70, p. 322

Ex 4.21, p. 323

Ex 4.8, pp. 299-300

The Sampling Theorem Shou shui Wei2012

Impulse-Train Sampling: Ex 4.21, 4.22, pp. 323-4

 Shou shui Wei2012
The Sampling Theorem

The Sampling Theorem:

Shou shui Wei2012

The Sampling Theorem

Exact Recovery by an Ideal Lowpass Filter:

 Shou shui Wei2012
The Sampling Theorem

Sampling with Zero-Order Hold:

Shou shui Wei2012

The Sampling Theorem

Ex 4.4, p. 293
Sampling with Zero-Order Hold:

Eq 4.27, p. 301
 Shou shui Wei2012
Outline

Representation of of a Continuous-Time Signal

by Its Samples: The Sampling Theorem
Reconstruction of of a Signal from Its Samples
Using Interpolation
The Effect of Under-sampling: Aliasing
Discrete-Time Processing of Continuous-Time
Signals
Sampling of Discrete-Time Signals

Shou shui Wei2012

Reconstruction of a Signal from its Samples Using Interpolation

Exact Interpolation:

Ex 2.11, p. 110
 Shou shui Wei2012
Reconstruction of a Signal from its Samples Using Interpolation

Exact Interpolation:

Shou shui Wei2012

Reconstruction of a Signal from its Samples Using Interpolation

Ideal Interpolating Filter & The Zero-Order Hold:

 Shou shui Wei2012
Reconstruction of a Signal from its Samples Using Interpolation

Sampling & Interpolation of Images:

Shou shui Wei2012

Reconstruction of a Signal from its Samples Using Interpolation

Higher-Order Holds:
 Shou shui Wei2012
Reconstruction of a Signal from its Samples Using Interpolation

Ex 4.4, p. 293
Higher-Order Holds:

= *

= X

Shou shui Wei2012

Reconstruction of a Signal from its Samples Using Interpolation

First-Order Hold on Image Processing:

 Shou shui Wei2012
Outline

Representation of of a Continuous-Time Signal

by Its Samples: The Sampling Theorem
Reconstruction of of a Signal from Its Samples
Using Interpolation
The Effect of Under-sampling: Aliasing
Discrete-Time Processing of Continuous-Time
Signals
Sampling of Discrete-Time Signals

Shou shui Wei2012

Effect of Under-sampling: Aliasing

Overlapping in Frequency-Domain: Aliasing

 Shou shui Wei2012
Effect of Under-sampling: Aliasing

Overlapping in Frequency-Domain: Aliasing

Shou shui Wei2012

Effect of Under-sampling: Aliasing

Overlapping in Frequency-Domain: Aliasing

 Shou shui Wei2012
Effect of Under-sampling: Aliasing

Overlapping in Frequency-Domain: Aliasing

Shou shui Wei2012

Effect of Under-sampling: Aliasing

Overlapping in Frequency-Domain: Aliasing

 Shou shui Wei2012
Effect of Under-sampling: Aliasing

Overlapping in Frequency-Domain: Aliasing

Shou shui Wei2012

Effect of Under-sampling: Aliasing

Overlapping in Frequency-Domain: Aliasing

 Shou shui Wei2012
Effect of Under-sampling: Aliasing

Strobe Effect:

Shou shui Wei2012

Outline

Representation of of a Continuous-Time Signal

by Its Samples: The Sampling Theorem
Reconstruction of of a Signal from Its Samples
Using Interpolation
The Effect of Under-sampling: Aliasing
Discrete-Time Processing of Continuous-Time
Signals
Sampling of Discrete-Time Signals
 Shou shui Wei2012
Discrete-Time Processing of Continuous-Time Signals

Discrete-Time Processing of CT Signals:

Shou shui Wei2012

Discrete-Time Processing of Continuous-Time Signals

C/D or A-to-D (ADC) and D/C or D-to-A (DAC):

 Shou shui Wei2012
Discrete-Time Processing of Continuous-Time Signals

C/D Conversion:

Shou shui Wei2012

Discrete-Time Processing of Continuous-Time Signals

C/D Conversion:
 Shou shui Wei2012
Discrete-Time Processing of Continuous-Time Signals

C/D Conversion:

Shou shui Wei2012

Discrete-Time Processing of Continuous-Time Signals

C/D Conversion:

Table 4.2, p. 329 Eq 7.3, 7.6, p. 517

 Shou shui Wei2012
Discrete-Time Processing of Continuous-Time Signals

D/C Conversion:

Overall System:

Shou shui Wei2012

Discrete-Time Processing of Continuous-Time Signals

Frequency-Domain Illustration: 1
 Shou shui Wei2012
Discrete-Time Processing of Continuous-Time Signals

Frequency-Domain Illustration:

Shou shui Wei2012

Discrete-Time Processing of Continuous-Time Signals

CT & DT Frequency Responses:

 Shou shui Wei2012
Discrete-Time Processing of Continuous-Time Signals

Digital Differentiator:
Ex 4.16, p. 317

Shou shui Wei2012

Discrete-Time Processing of Continuous-Time Signals

Half-Sample Delay:
Ex 4.15, p. 317
 Shou shui Wei2012
Outline

Representation of of a Continuous-Time Signal

by Its Samples: The Sampling Theorem
Reconstruction of of a Signal from Its Samples
Using Interpolation
The Effect of Undersampling: Aliasing
Discrete-Time Processing of Continuous-Time
Signals
Sampling of Discrete-Time Signals

Shou shui Wei2012

Sampling of Discrete-Time Signals

Impulse-Train Sampling:
 Shou shui Wei2012
Sampling of Discrete-Time Signals

Impulse-Train Sampling:

Shou shui Wei2012

Sampling of Discrete-Time Signals

Exact Recovery Using Ideal Lowpass Filter:

 Shou shui Wei2012
Sampling of Discrete-Time Signals

DT Decimation & Interpolation: Down-sampling

Eq 5.45, p. 378: Time expansion

Shou shui Wei2012

Sampling of Discrete-Time Signals

Higher Equivalent Sampling Rate: Up-sampling

 Shou shui Wei2012
Sampling of Discrete-Time Signals

Down-sampling
+ Up-sampling:

Shou shui Wei2012

In Summary
 Shou shui Wei2012
In Summary

Discrete-Time Processing of CT Signals