TAB L E O F C O N T E N T S a

Motto (added in the second edition) page 9 1

Dedication
(as in the first edition of 1 78 1) 95
(as in the second edition of 1 787) 97

Preface (to the first edition) 99

Preface to the second edition 106

Table of Contents (as in the first edition) 125

Introduction (as in the first edition) 1 27

I. The idea of transcendental philosophy I27
On the difference between analytic and synthetic
judgments.
II. Division of transcendental philosophy.

Introduction (as in the second edition)

I. On the difference between pure and empirical cognition.
II. We are in possession of certain a priori cognitions, and
even the common understanding is not without them. 137
III. Philosophy needs a science that determines the possibility,
the principlesb and the domain of all a priori cognitions. 1 39
Iv. On the difference between analytic and synthetic
judgments.
V Synthetic a priori judgments are contained as principles' in
all theoretical sciences of reason.
VI. The general problemd of pure reason.

a This Table o f Contents i s the editors' expansion o f the less detailed one provided by
Kant in the first edition. The second edition contained no Table of Contents at all. A
translation of Kant's own first-edition Table of Contents follows the two versions of the
preface, corresponding to its original location.
b Principien
, Principien
d Aufgabe

85
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VII. The idea and the divisions of a special sciem.:e under the
name of a critique of pure reason.

I. Transcendental doctrine of elements

First Part. Transcendental aesthetic (as in the first edition) 153
[Introduction.] 155
First section. On space. 157
Second section. On time. 1 62

First Part. Transcendental aesthetic (as in the second edition)

Introduction. < I > 1 72
First section. On space. < 2-3> 1 74
Second section. On time. < 4-7> 1 78
General remarks on the transcendental aesthetic. < 8> 185

Second Part. Transcendental logic 193

Introduction. The idea o f a transcendental logic 193
I. O n logic i n general. 193
II. O n transcendental logic. 195
III. O n the division of general logic into analytic and dialectic. 197
IV On the division of transcendental logic into the transcen-
dental analytic and dialectic. 1 99

Division one. Transcendental analytic 201

Book I. Analytic of concepts 202
Chapter I. On the clue to the discovery of all pure concepts
of the understanding 204
First section. On the logical use of the understanding in
general. 204
Second section. On the logical function of the
understanding in judgments. < 9> 206
Third section. On the pure concepts of the
understanding or categories. < 1 0- 1 2 > 210
Chapter II. On the deduction o f the pure concepts o f the
understanding 2 19
First section. O n the principlesa o f a transcendental
deduction in general. < 1 3> 219
Transition to the transcendental deduction of the
categories. < 14> 224
S econd section. O n the a priori grounds for the possibility
of experience. (as in the first edition) 226

a Principien

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Third section. On the relationO of the understanding to

objects in general and the possibility of cognizing
these a priori. (as in the first edition) 236
Second Section. Transcendental deduction o f the pure
concepts of the understanding. (as in the second
edition) 1 5-27 2 45
Book II. Analytic of principles 267
Introduction. On the transcendental power of judgment in
general 268
Chapter I . On the schematism of pure concepts of the
understanding 271
Chapter II. System o f all principles of pure understanding 2 78
Section I. On the supreme principle of all analytic
judgments. 2 79
Section II. On the supreme principle of all synthetic
judgments. 281
Section III. Systematic representation o f all synthetic
principles of pure understanding. 283
1 . Axioms of intuition 286
2 . Anticipations o f perception 290
3 . Analogies of experience 295
A. First analogy: principle o f persistence o f substance. 299
B . Second analogy: principle of temporal succession
according to the law of causality. 304
C. Third analogy: principle of simultaneity accord-
ing to the law of reciprocity or community. 3 16
4. The postulates o f empirical thought i n general 32 1
Refutation of idealism (added in the second edition) 3 26
General note o n the system o f principles (added in
the second edition) 334
Chapter III. On the ground o f the distinction o f all objects
in general into phenomena and noumena
(as in the first edition) 338
Chapter III. On the ground of the distinction of all objects
in general into phenomena and noumena
(as in the second edition) 3 54
Appendix: On the amphiboly of concepts of reflection 3 66
Remark to the amphiboly of concepts of reflection 371

Division two. Transcendental dialectic 3 84

Introduction. 3 84
I. Transcendental illusion 3 84

a Verhiiltnisse

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II. On pure reason as the seat of transcendental illusion 3 87

A. O n reason i n general. 3 87
B. On the logical use o f reason. 3 89
C. On the pure use of reason. 390
Book I. On the concepts of pure reason 3 94
Section I. On the ideas in general. 3 95
Section II. On the transcendental ideas. 3 99
Section III. The system of transcendental ideas. 40 5
Book II. The dialectical inferences of pure reason 409
Chapter I. The paralogisms of pure reason 41 1
(as in the first edition)
First paralogism of substantiality. 41 5
Second paralogism of simplicity. 417
Third paralogism of personality. 42 2
Fomth paralogism o f ideality. 42 5
Observation on the sum of the pure doctrine of the soul 43 2
Chapter I. The paralogisms of pure reason 445
(as in the second edition)
Refutation of Mendelssohn's proof of the persistence of
the soul. 449
General remark concerning the transition from rational
psychology to rational cosmology. 45 6
Chapter II. The antinomy of pure reason 459
Section I. The system of cosmological ideas. 460
Section II. The antithetic of pure reason. 46 7
First conflict 47 0
Second conflict 47 6
Third conflict 48 4
Fourth conflict 490
Section III. On the interest of reason in these conflicts. 496
Section IV On the transcendental problemsa of pure reason,
insofar as they absolutely must be capable of a solution. 50 3
Section V Skeptical representation of the cosmological
questions raised by all four transcendental ideas. 5 08
Section VI. Transcendental idealism as the key to solving
the cosmological dialectic. 5II
Section VII. Critical decision of the cosmological conflict of
reason with itself. 5 14
Section VIII. The regulative principleb of pure reason in
regard to the cosmological ideas. 5 20

a Aufgaben
b Princip

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Section IX. The empirical use of the regulative principle of

reason in regard to the cosmological ideas. 524
I. Resolution of the cosmological idea of totality of
the compositiona of the appearances into a
world-whole. 525
II. Resolution of the cosmological idea of totality of divi-
sion of a given whole in intuition. 528
Concluding remark o n the resolution o f the mathemati
cal-transcendental ideas and preamble to the solu-
tion of the dynamical transcendental ideas. 5 30
III. Resolution of the cosmological idea of the totality in
the derivation of occurrences in the world from
their causes. 532
The possibility of causality through freedom. 535
Clarification of the cosmological idea of freedom. 537
IV Resolution of the cosmological idea of the totality of
the dependence of appearances regarding their exis-
tence in general. 546
Concluding remark to the entire antinomy of pure reason. 549
Chapter III. The ideal of pure reason 551
Section I. The ideal in general. 55 1
Section II. The transcendental ideal (prototypon
transcendentale).b 553
Section III. The grounds o f proof o f speculative reason
inferring the existence of a highest being. 5 59
Section IV On the impossibility of an ontological proof of
God's existence. 563
Section V On the impossibility of a cosmological proof of
God's existence. 5 69
Discovery and explanation of the dialectical illusion in all
transcendental proofs of the existence of a necessary
being. 575
Section VI. On the impossibility of the physicotheological
proof. 5 78
Section VII. Critique of all theology from principles' of
reason. 583
Appendix to the transcendental dialectic 590
On the regulative use of the ideas of pure reason. 590
On the final aim of the natural dialectic of human reason. 605

a Zusammensetzung
b transcendental prototype
C Principien

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II. Transcendental doctrine of method

Introduction. 627
Chapter I . The discipline o f pure reason 628
S ection I. The discipline o f pure reason in dogmatic use. 630
Section II. The discipline of pure reason with regard to its
polemical use. 643
On the impossibility of a skeptical satisfaction of pure reason
that is divided against itself. 652
Section III. The discipline o f pure reason with regard to
hypotheses. 658
Section Iv. The discipline o f pure reason with regard t o its
proofs . 665
Chapter II. The canon of pure reason 672
Section 1. On the ultimate end of the pure use of our reason. 673
S ection II. On the ideal of the highest good. 676
Section III. On having an opinion, knowing, and believing. 684
Chapter III. The architectonic of pure reason 691
Chapter Iv. The history of pure reason 702

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