Pauline Aeriel Valdez

ENV20 A14

EXERCISE NO. 4: WATER and WASTEWATER QUALITY

I. Complete the table and write the meaning of the following acronyms (if
necessary): (10 pts)

(1) MWSS
Metro Manila Waterworks
and Sewerage System

(2) MWCI (3) MWSI (5) LWUA

East Zone of West Zone of (4) NWRB Water Districts
Metro Manila Metro Manila Deepwells Areas other
Manila Water Maynilad Water National Resources than Metro
Company Inc. East Services Inc. West Board Deepwells Manila
Zone of Metro Zone of Metro
Manila Local Water Utilities
Manila
Administration
other than Metro
Manila

Quality Standards Water Permit

Quality Standards Regulatory Agency

(6) PNSDW for water (7) DOH
Class C Effluent Standard for wastewater (8) DENR (other than Laguna Lake discharge point) at (9) EMB
(10) LLDA

(6) PNSDW for water Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water RA 9275 Phil. Clean Water Act
(7) DOH Department of Health C.O.P Certificate of Potability
(8) DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(9) EMB Environmental Management Bureau
(10) LLDA Laguna Lake Development Authority
II. Enumerate at least 5 water/wastewater quality parameters which are
correlated to each other. Choose from the parameters given below. (15 pts)

1. Total Dissolved Solids (organics)

Color
Odor/Taste
Nutrients (N, P)
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Dissolved Oxygen
Total Organic Carbon
Temperature
TREATMENT:
COAGULATION,
FLOCCULATION,
SEDIMENTATION,
COAGULATION,
FILTRATION and finally,
DISINFECTION

2. Total Suspended Solids (organics)

Turbidity
Nutrients (N, P)
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Dissolved Oxygen
Total Organic Carbon
Temperature
TREATMENT:
COAGULATION,
FLOCCULATION,
SEDIMENTATION,
FILTRATION and finally,
DISINFECTION

3. Total Suspended Solids (copper mine tailings)

Color
Odor/Taste
Ion Content (Heavy Metals)
Conductivity
Salinity
TREATMENT : COAGULATION

4. Total Dissolved Solids (Ca and Mg ions)

TEMPORARY HARDNESS
 Color
Odor/Taste
Hardness
Alkalinity
pH
TREATMENT : BOILING

PERMANENT HARDNESS
Color
Odor/Taste
Ion Content (Heavy Metals)
Conductivity
Salinity

TREATMENT :
DISTILLATION,
ADDITION OF WASHING SODA OR DETERGENT and ;
introduction of ION EXCHANGER.

5. Total Dissolved Solids (Fe and Mn materials)

Color
Odor/Taste
Ion Content (Heavy Metals)
Conductivity
Salinity
TREATMENT :
AERATION
FILTRATION,ADSORPTION,SEDIMENTATION
COAGULATION

III. For the set of parameters you have grouped in Item II, identify the waste
water treatment needed to address the water quality problem. HINT:
Consider the wastewater paradigm: Identify what primary treatment,
secondary treatment and tertiary treatment are necessary to comply with
the Effluent Standard of RA9275 or Philippine Clean Water Act. (15 pts)

IV. Answer the following questions related to water and wastewater

regulations. (15 pts each)

1. What is discharge permit? Who issues discharge permit to companies?

A discharge permit is a permit issued by a particular department for the discharge of any
pollutant or combination of pollutants into bodies of water. It shall specify the quantity
and quality of effluents that the permittee is allowed to discharge as well as the validity
of the permit. Environmental Management Bureau issues the discharge permit to
companies. The Laguna Lake Development Authority issues a discharge permit to
companies who wish to discharge wastewater in Laguna Lake.
2. What are the different classifications of bodies of water? Based on what parameters are
they classified?
There are two types of bodies of water, namely coastal water and inland waters. Coastal
waters are open body of water along the countries coastline starting from the shoreline
(MLLW) and extending outward up to 200 meters isobath or 3 kilometer distance. Inland
waters are an interior body of water such as lakes, reservoirs, rivers, streams, reeks, etc
that has beneficial usage other than public water supply or primary contact recreation.
Tidal affected rivers or streams are considered inland waters. Coastal water is further
classified into Class SA, Class SB, Class SC and Class SD. Inland waters or Fresh surface
water is further classified into Class AA, Class A, Class B, Class C and Class D.
Water Quality Criteria for Conventional and Other Pollutants Affecting Aesthetic and
Exerting Oxygen Demand for Coastal Marine Water class SA, SB, SC, and SD for
parameters:
Color, temperature, pH, DO, BOD, TSS, surfactants, oil/grease, phenol, total
coliform, fecal coliform, copper.
Water Quality Criteria for Conventional and Other Pollutants Contributing to Aesthetic and
Oxygen Demand for Fresh Water (Class AA, A, B, C, D)
Parameters such as color, temperature, pH, DO, 5-day BOD, TSS, TDS,
surfactants, oil and grace, nitrate, phosphate, Phenols, total coliform, fecal
coliform, chloride and copper.
Water Quality Criteria for Toxic and Other Deleterious Substances for Fresh Water class
AA, A, B,C,D and for Coastal Marine Waters for class SA, SB, SC,SD for the following
parameters:
Arsenic, Cd, Cr, CN, Pb, total Hg, organophosphate, aldrin, DDT, dieldrin,
heptachlor, lindane, toxaphane, methoxychlor, chlordane, endrin, PCB.

3. What is the BOD limit for Class C water? Explain why industries with 3000 to 10,000 mg
BOD/L are given a limit of 130 mg/L.
The BOD limit for Class C water is 50 ppm.

4. What is a mixing zone? Give 5 prohibitions in the use of mixing zone.

A mixing zone is an area of a lake or river where pollutants from point source discharge
are mixed, usually by natural means, with cleaner water.
No industrial or domestic sewage effluent shall be discharged into class AA and SA waters;
No new industrial plant with high waste load potential shall discharge into body of water
where the assimilative capacity is insufficient to maintain its prescribed water quality
according to its usage.
No person is allowed to discharge partially, wholly untreated/inadequately treated
industrial effluent directly into bodies of water through by-pass canal, pumps or other
unauthorized means except upon approval by the government;
All wastewater control facilities shall be properly maintained and operated
No industrial establishment shall be operated without the WWF, and capacity is beyond
the limit of operations
No person is allowed to construct systems if the purpose of which is to conceal or dilute
an effluent discharge.
5. Differentiate Class A from Class AA Water. Hint: Compare the treatment needed. What
standard do they need to comply for the water to be potable?
Both Class AA and Class A are the classifications for fresh water surfaces. They both need
to pass and comply for the Philippine National Standard for Drinking Water. However,
Class AA only needs disinfection to be utilized, on the other hand, Class A water needs to
undergo a series of step of the conventional method in water/wastewater treatment which
includes coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, coagulation, filtration and finally,
disinfection.

6. Differentiate Class A from Class AA Water. Hint: Compare the treatment needed. What
standard do they need to comply for the water to be potable?