1500 MW 500 MW

C1 C1
A1
380kVRMSLL /_0 155kVRMSLL /_0

+
+

A1
C2

C2

+
155kVRMSLL /_0

500 MW

D1
D1 155kVRMSLL /_0

+
1000 MW
B4

B1
E1
E1
380kVRMSLL /_0 B5 B1
155kVRMSLL /_0
+

+
Vdc control
100 MW

B2

B6
B3 F1
F1
1500 MW B2
B3 155kVRMSLL /_0
+

500 MW
1500 MW

DC grid modeling with EMTP-RV

Sbastien Dennetire Rte / National Center for Grid Expertise

EMTP-RV User Group Meeting April 3, 2012

 PRESENTATION LAYOUT
01. HVDC Grid Context & Requirements
02. Available models in EMTP-RV
03. Next step : HVDC Grid CIGRE Benchmark

2 EMTP-RV User Group Meeting - April 3, 2012

 01

HVDC Grids
Context and requirements

3 EMTP-RV User Group Meeting - April 3, 2012

 HVDC Grids
Context

New contraints
Increase in renewable power generation
Increase in power trade across national borders
Impossible to get permission to build new overhead lines

Technologies opportunities
VSC HVDC Transmission well suited to DC Grid : change of power direction does not
require a change of polarity
Smaller footprint of VSC well suited to offshore platform

Organisations to support the development of DC grids :

Friends of SuperGrid
MedGrid
TWENTIES

4 EMTP-RV User Group Meeting - April 3, 2012

 HVDC Grids
Concepts

5 EMTP-RV User Group Meeting - April 3, 2012

 HVDC Grids
Main challenges

Models for phasor domain

Power flow control studies : load-flow and
Each converter can control on DC side : P or Vdc transient stability
Which converters will act as a slack bus (Vdc control) ?
Global dispatcher is required

Detailed models for EMT

Very fast protections system and DC Circuit Breakers studies
DC fault currents : higher magnitudes and steeper derivatives (only R)
Initial transient mainly consists of capacitive discharging very high amplitude
Fast detection and tripping with DC CB(< 5ms)

Need for standardisation and functional specifications Detailed and protected

models for offline and real-
DC grids will grow organically
time EMT studies
Converters from different manufacturers
Functional specifications : DC fault withstand requirements
Insulation co-ordination on DC side
DC Grid master control
Dynamic Performance Studies with control systems of every manufacturers

6 EMTP-RV User Group Meeting - April 3, 2012

 DC Grids modeling
Rte involvement

TWENTIES : European R&D project

http://www.twenties-project.eu
Rte proposed and developed in EMTP-RV a HVDC grid model
A scale-down HVDC grid prototype will be built in 2012 and connected to a real-time
simulator

CIGRE B4 Study Committee :

In 2009 WG B4-52 HVDC Grid Feasibility Study
In 2011 :
B4-56: Guidelines for the preparation of Grid Codes for HVDC Grids
B4-57: Guide for the development of models for HVDC converters in a HVDC grid
B4-58: Load flow control and direct voltage control in a meshed HVDC Grid
B4-59: Protection of HVDC Grids
B4-60: Designing HVDC Grids for Optimal Reliability and Availability performance.

7 EMTP-RV User Group Meeting - April 3, 2012

 02

Available models

8 EMTP-RV User Group Meeting - April 3, 2012

 HVDC Grid
Test System Description
Station_1 S2 Station_2
S1
Detailed model (DM) + VM Detailed model (DM)
+ VM
?v
MMC 801Levels ?v MMC 801Levels
SYS1 CBL_100km WindFarm1
BKR1 BKI BKIp R1P
SW1
+ p p +
AC AC +
n n -1|1E15|0

BKIIp
R1N

BKIV
1000 MW 600 MW

CBL_75km

CBL_50km
Station_3 Station_4
Detailed model (DM) Detailed model (DM)
MMC 801Levels MMC 801Levels

BKII
BKIVp

SYS2 CBL_25km WindFarm2

BKR2 BKB
+ p p +
AC AC
n n
S4

BKIIIp
+ VM
S3 ?v
+ VM
1000 MW ?v 400 MW

CBL_100km
Station_5
S5 Detailed model (DM)
+ VM
?v
MMC 801Levels
WindFarm3
BKIII
p +
AC
n

1000 MW

9 EMTP-RV User Group Meeting - April 3, 2012

 5-node test system
Model description

Converters
MMC 801 levels (400 Submodules / valves)
Upper level control system : standard VSC control
Low level control system :
Circulating Current Suppressing control,
Modulation techniques (Nearest level control),
Capacitor Balancing Control.

Cables
Frequency dependant cable models (phase domain)

Wind Farms and AC grid

Models based on Thevenin equivalent
Detailed models (DFIG and Full converter) will be included in 2012

10 EMTP-RV User Group Meeting - April 3, 2012

 Available Converters Models
2 EMTP-RV models

First model : Full detailed model (reference model)

Second model : Detailed equivalent model

Third model : Average value model

11 EMTP-RV User Group Meeting - April 3, 2012

 Available models
Full detailed model

Description from converter topologies to semi conductors

p p

Id
iua iub
g S1
iuc
+ g

RLC +
SM-1 SM-1 SM-1
n vci C
vsua SM-2 SM-2 SM-2 -
: : : K1 K2 S2

SM-400 SM-400 SM-400 n

Ls Ls Ls

vc
vb ic Vd 1
va ib
ia
Ls 0.8
Ls Ls Voltage (V)

Sub- 0.6
SM-1 SM-1 SM-1
Module
0.4
vsla SM-2 SM-2 SM-2
: : : Multi- 0.2
valve
Arm
SM-400 SM-400 SM-400 0
ila ilb ilc 0 1000 2000 3000
Current (A)
4000 5000 6000

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 Available models
Detailed equivalent models

A solution to limit electrical nodes in converter

Id
iua iub iuc iMV t
SM-1 SM-1 SM-1
vSM _ eq t T

+
SM-2 SM-2 SM-2 vSM t
vsua
rSM _ eq t

+
: : :

SM-400 SM-400 SM-400

Ls Ls Ls

vc
vb ic Vd DC_PLUS
va ib
ia

+
Ls Ls Ls
vSM _1 t vSM _ 3 t vSM _ 5 t

+
req _1 t req _ 3 t req _ 5 t

+
Sub- req _1 t req _ 3 t req _ 5 t AC
SM-1 SM-1 SM-1
c
Module b
a
vsla SM-2 SM-2 SM-2
vSM _ 2 t vSM _ 4 t vSM _ 6 t
+

+
req _ 2 t
+ req _ 4 t req _ 6 t

+
: : : Multi-
valve req _ 2 t req _ 4 t req _ 6 t
Arm
SM-400 SM-400 SM-400
ila ilb ilc DC_MINUS
+

+
13 EMTP-RV User Group Meeting - April 3, 2012
 Available models
Average value model
To get a fast solution only valid on AC side

+
vsua vsub vsuc
Id
iua iub iuc

on AC side
SM-1 SM-1 SM-1
va

SM-2 SM-2 SM-2

vb
vsua
: : : vc

SM-400 SM-400 SM-400

Ls Ls Ls

+
vsla vslb vslc
vc
va ib
vb ic Vd
on DC side
ia
Ls Ls Ls

SM-1 SM-1 SM-1 Sub-

Module

vsla SM-2 SM-2 SM-2

: : : Multi-
valve
+

Arm

+
SM-400 SM-400 SM-400
ila ilb ilc Ic I loss +

14 EMTP-RV User Group Meeting - April 3, 2012

 Available models
Same control system for every models
I Iv
VSC-MMC Idc
G
L +
VPCC Vf Vac Vdc
-

gate signal
I VPCC Iv Vf

PLL Capa. Balancing

algorithm (CBA)

abc
d-q
Modeled in
Simulink and
Outer P/Q/Vdc et
NLC connected to the
Inner Control EMTP-RV model
SM
vup et
SM
vlow
with the DLL
based interface
_j _j

Average
CCSC
Value d-q
abc d-q
Model of
converter ej

15 EMTP-RV User Group Meeting - April 3, 2012

 Models comparisons
Detailed equivalent model vs full detailed model

Simulation timings for a 3 s simulation (Time step : 40s) :

Detailed equivalent : ~3min

Full detailed : ~500 min

3-phase fault at SYS 1 DC voltage

1.15
Full detailed model
Detailed equivalent model

1.1
Voltage (pu)

1.05

1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4

Time (s)

16 EMTP-RV User Group Meeting - April 3, 2012

 Vdc control

Simulation results
INV1 REC1
SYS1 100 km
+ + WindFarm1
+
- -
400 kV, 50 Hz
20000 MVA (SC)
1000 MW 600 MW

3-phase fault at SYS1 3-phase fault

75 km 50 km

INV2 REC2
SYS2 25 km
+ + WindFarm2
+
- -
400 kV, 50 Hz
15000 MVA (SC)
1000 MW 400 MW

100 km

REC3

+ WindFarm3
-
REC3 REC2 REC1
1000 MW

1000
Active Power (MW)

500

-500

-1000

1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7

INV1 Time (s)
INV2

17 EMTP-RV User Group Meeting - April 3, 2012

 Simulation results
DC fault
CBL_100km INV1 REC1
BKR1 BKIplus BKIplus_p SYS1 100 km
+ + WindFarm1
+
- -
400 kV, 50 Hz
20000 MVA (SC)

BKIIp
BKIminus BKIminus_p
1000 MW 600 MW
BKIV

75 km 50 km

Pole-to_pole fault SYS2

INV2
25 km
REC2
CBL_75km

CBL_50km
+ + WindFarm2
+
- -
400 kV, 50 Hz
15000 MVA (SC)
1000 MW 400 MW

100 km
70 REC3

+ WindFarm3

60 -

BKIplus 1000 MW

50
Current (kA)

40
BKIplus_p
30

20 DC CB are modeled
by ideal switch
10

2 2.0005 2.001 2.0015 2.002 2.0025 2.003 2.0035 2.004

Time (s)

18 EMTP-RV User Group Meeting - April 3, 2012

 03

Next steps
HVDC Grid CIGRE Benchmark

19 EMTP-RV User Group Meeting - April 3, 2012

 HVDC grid CIGRE Benchmark
Defined by CIGRE WG B4-58
Load flow control and direct voltage control in a meshed DC Grid

DC Grid Test System DC Overhead

version 2012, March 5 C1
DC Cable
AC Overhead
A0
A1 AC Cable
C2

D1
Will be developed by
WG B4-57 members in
B4 EMTP-RV, PSCAD,
OPAL-RT and Hypersim
B0 B1

E1

B5

B2
B6
B3 F1

20 EMTP-RV User Group Meeting - April 3, 2012

 HVDC grid CIGRE Benchmark
EMTP-RV preliminary model
1500 MW 500 MW

C1 C1
A1
380kVRMSLL /_0 155kVRMSLL /_0

+
+
A1
C2

C2

+
155kVRMSLL /_0

500 MW

D1
D1 155kVRMSLL /_0

+
1000 MW
B4

B1
E1
E1
380kVRMSLL /_0 B5 B1
155kVRMSLL /_0
+

+
Vdc control
100 MW

B2

B6
B3 F1
F1
1500 MW B2
B3 155kVRMSLL /_0

+
500 MW
1500 MW

21 EMTP-RV User Group Meeting - April 3, 2012

 DC Grids modeling
Next steps

CIGRE benchmark
To be developed in 2012 in EMT tools
Will be delivered to DC grid WG members to perform transients studies (protection,
transient stability,)
Detailed data will be available in the B4-57 working document

Special CIGRE session on DC grid modeling in 2012

Organized by Rte to share experience on DC grid modeling
People involved in DC grid modeling are encouraged to present their work
August 28, 2012 in conjuction with CIGRE general meeting in Paris

Contribution or information : sebastien.dennetiere@rte-france.com

22 EMTP-RV User Group Meeting - April 3, 2012