CHAPTER I

PHYSICAL DEFINITIONS
 CHAP|ER 1: PHYSICAL DEFINI ONS

PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHTANO THE LAWS OF NATURE.

p ob PrlnciPl.torFliqhrmaY be

\f

F jrE 1 1 P'hqpte. at FBrt E a bnl.h of aPdled sderce

ro eam enoush arroui Principes or Flight io

appried scince, rhe scienc orPhysics

lhe way maner and energy inleract in nature The Physics whlch qoveris rhe

combined sc ence al s.hoo orcorrese. vou w

riave enoush knotr edge of Physics bfo ow subiecl mal'er of th s book
'he

aboul he $bFd, we {mmdse n ihis.hapter denan physcaldetin tions aid

rundamenia raws ol Physicswh'c

g,oups of hrerconnectad coiceprs

yo! workthrcugh lhs book sndre

whatyou 3re ookng ror

mateialror dudent professiona piol3 oela s

GHAPTER 1: PHYSICAL DEFlN/ff,oNs

BASIC SCIENTIFIC DEFINITIONSAND LAWS.

riq on a body ora qiYen 6ass bv v dte orh.

n a qrav rariona ferd
Netron(N) lre rorce oiwerqhia

s persecond persecond (e a1 nclras/secr), a

sravity i3 q ven hYrherormura

weqht(N)=mass iksl r s (sal metes/sec'!)

weishr s sven n Newtons (N)

Momenrlm = mass x ve ociry

s of mrss 1k osramsi and veo.tv tmetes pr
s.ond) mu rp ed roqerher

n reach us thsr any movio b.dv!r .onrntrero

ed !Por bY a rorce (Ne'rl.r s

q lei pe. od of tme

f change ol rhar momentum

vecrorquanliry (see Pase 15)

 CHAP|ER 1: PHYSICAL DEFINIflONS

FRIcTTON: Friciion s a sPeca t

,hy lh;3urrace orborh mald a s s convese v rheP is so

c Betre. rhe%fous mori9 nela pads of a re.ip.o.a1iiq

e,q ne rhe lriction geieraled,s s
moving pads luse roqeihe,

pushes the two surfaces logether

V|scosInViscosiySaneasU
es.onsdeed as bei9lrre thickness ofaauid

easure offiuid f cr on

p.J " oc;'rnr' t. dF

drecron The dagrai, beLo\t de

(^
t
&
CHAP|ER 1: PHYSICAL DEFINITIONS

.auses a.Mi0e i roLnlioia mDLo

I
\-))
I, )

sm w ..diue r. rorare wlh con$ani aig!ar

I
L
:id .oupre s geieraled
w
opposi_A

h .oinad aiqdar speed

l-,,'-*._,,.*
FQ{e11^Nolp]ed.Nc'a|!ndL.s
car,ah-1rn)
EAU LIBRIUM: Equilibrium saL
sadl.be.oquirib.iumlIbaance) renar rheerema ror.s:.riqonrhebody
q .i Lhe bodJ] .anre
 CHAP|ER 1: PHYSICAL DEFINII,ONS

a nEeriL ie ar .ondant sped I c lra'e ns

atconstantveroc iy)
lol.e aid \t l| be a..e emliil]
prnc pe oreqoilib un l.omtave

v lYl and Y.u are nequilbrum

rlon (DecereErion ssmpythc itneq'ven ro

thec.r s decererar nswhen bdkiqsharpry

dvde the maoi llde.r rhe lorce actilr Derpendcusry (norma y) r. a.onrscr

Force acrlng nornar ro rhe sudace

rhes (syidme lntnnron3l) un onePascar(Pa) s

By dernarona agreeoe,i
ihehectopasca (hP:)wh.h seq

or pressure used n rhe Eurcpean (JAAlsviaron

bnd dAtmo'phere(rsa) s101 32sNowrons/

o!anirvey equvaeil ro r,e hecbpasca (hP4 s'Emirrbar(mb). n Brra n

So rsA sea levelpressure ay 3so be expressed

(rb/inl, d ei s rhe ,eqh.fa coLumn or Merc4 (Hnr wh.h may b. sLpponed

CHAP|ER t: PHYSICAL DEflNIfIONS

STATTC PRESSURE: Static pr.

fpressure wou d be feft by3 b.dy innarced i

broiary I e srati.)
srari. pr.s.ure acli9 on a body d

a,y objed nms-d n ass' qud

is novrns thrcuqh a qds or iqu d. inaddiriotr io

a measurchedyn:mic press!r. be.(r

're.an

y rhe lronral surraces .r an aroa( . ,ghr

ks G. eilii.a ry 3peak ns or mass r0 riq)onro

torce plrrnq l,e.hid l. rbe !'rouid th s we shi)and lyh.h you have io.o!nre. i

lhererore weighs

work (300 N x 1m) To

 CH APf E R 1 : PHY SICA L DEFINI ONS

enq th. hle or doins work Lookno alrair ai

be ( (rh a hlrh deoree ore..uracy as be n9 rhe

ssaso ne(peto) heai novement. posi'on

Lhey a,e pad of a sysrem d69ied lo pedorm work

Alrrouqh il s {j ff .dr r. measu,e e

lNote tharrvhc,eas -.ihe, Nefron

a movins body bouqhl to a ,ar work s done on lrie ohle.r siopp ns rhe mo! ill

inelic enersy when moviq at s bfous to a

py rhat Brerlty 6 be ns deiroved

CHAPTER 1: PHYSICAL DEFINI7|,ONS

r desroyed. how does enersy do w.rkt rhe

neqy m rhe a (,airs eiq ie or ns nes Thar

qenerari9 kiner c enersy

l a.l.li9lo rhe ans heai

whacver.osed synem (e s rhe enq ne or lhe ahGphorc) is b

dk*sdo.e.iaiobredrheamom'ofheai
:nd rhal ro. a oven amounr of
he haar absorbed by obled w
'he

MOTION NEWTON'SLAWS:
r,e speed or iqhr (speed of shr - 299 792 453 nelres pr se.ond or abour 136
000 m es pe.second I is {bred b Nedon's Laws orM

Nefion s Laws are a qo.d bass ror

c.nhles to nore n a st Er'h l th. e th

and:n oblecl!/hch s n nolon \y I move ar consranl veocly

( e wr,our .rranq.9 speed or d,

IabadyEdledl|

ve.! a.tnn tappiie.t erte at Gst|ant tat c) thee

)s a,.qtat and Dpposre Ea.rM te.ruai ts.. )n the appasne dn,Ecti.r) Actia,.,.j

o.eo. orrrecrB lrreiobFd B *dsa roG or

hegmeagiild.reoiob]edA.n

s tale n9 wlh un fom moton

lsee above) wh.h somermes k

's
 CHAP|ER 1: PHYSICAL DEFINI?ONS

SCALAR OL]ANTITIES:
, possses masnirude (l.c aze)ody scalar
ard dnocron (se beo!)

d es 0e, hour knors eic)

VECTOR AUANfTIES:

masntude and dnedion

1a Nenon force ldud be,ep

40
p,esenriq a 20 Nefron rorce)a

the verocily .r 3 body by an anow lror

islaice.lheve|octyolanal.laflh a.avsaton p'obeml

veociry ( e lhea,.,ansspeed eihe,

rhro!sh rre atr or ove, rhe 9,oLid) ?id
thorienrarion ottheanotr (e q Nodh
Nonh wen sollh Eai r.) ndcares

ndcata ma9iitude and d reciion, a,e

SPEED See scalaf Ouantiries

he ar trd r. oct iw.v) a|2tudts

Ht adre ard f; ie AcP-","d IH D.nA s )
(he adG speed.rrhe a rcran re arv. '

Grodcsred I rFlcsl
speed,ead iiom rhe a oan5 A speed
ndcdro,r an. Ground speed (rh
Eadhssuda.) Trresespeedsa,

VELocrrY Se Vecror Auan

CHAP|ER l: PHYSICAL DEFINIflONS

trrasie'. NdLh ey 015 desres (Nodh E3d) and p an lo ry ala I nd,cared

n deiiiiig rric proqss or h s a r.ra 'ci

3f0tr.9c. you w ofren hea, th ,r

ro c\Prc$ maqntude on y 1 e
rhe inpodad lhiig fory.!

rare .r d4ease i veio.ily A are o

fl. say ar70 knors n a rurn) verocry of rhe

'he
chanqin9 asveociryis conr nuarry chans ns a rrody nFviq ir acrciersatso
rins rhe d re.lon of rh s acceierarion (.ared
centipera acceleraron)
body \rou d ry ofr i a eraiqhr ne n accordan.e

c. bed us ic L. rssuchasdesrees persecondor

0n unirsare revorurions perninut. tpm)

CONVENTIONS USEO IN EAUAT

io*$aiiry appear n: abled.r h s narure

r,er meaii9 i3 erarry rhe sane