Unit 4

Talented, confident, brilliant, ability, intelligent, positive attitude, successful, achievement, give up,
bright, determined.

Good at, brilliant at, talented at, a positive attitude towards, ability to.

Be able to, can, will be able to, could, manage to, was/were able to.

-ed describir sentimientos, ing - indican o describen una caracterstica de algo o de alguien.

Sociable, active, lively (animado), shy, sensitive, talkative (hablador), serious, extrovert, introvert.

Modals and phrases of ability

Could is for ability in the past, something that we did as a custom (costumbre)
Can in the present tense.
Be (was/were) able to is for an ability in the past, something that we did as a custom, but
also for an action that we did only one time. After modal verbs. Verbs (want, need, like,
about)
Managed to is for a situation that was wery difficult and we did it only one time.
Negative sentences about specific past event, we use couldnt or wasnt able to.

Articles

A/an singular countables nouns

a doctor, an arquitect, an umbrella, a university, a hospital, an honest person, an NBA player, an

European.

The

For something specific

To talk about something that is unique
When we mention something again
With names of: rivers, oceans, seas, mountain ranges, deserts, groups of islands
Name of: musical instruments and dances
Names of museums: theaties, cinemas, newspapers, magazines, hotels
With nationalities and family names
With the words: city, village, country, countryside, morning, evening, afternoon.
Superlative adjectives and adverbs
With: Only first, second
With titles
Frecuency expressions: a week, a day
Never use the

Uncontable or plural countable nouns when we talk ingeneral

Proper nouns
Names of: countries, cities, towns, streets, continents, parks, bridges, squares, stations,
islands, lakes, mountains
Names of: meals, sports, games, months, celebrations, colours, drinks, languages
The words: school, bed, prison, court, church, university, home, hospital, collage.
About meals: breakfast, luch, dinner
About routines: go home, go to bed, fo to work, go to school

So / such for emphasis

So far hasta ahora, or so mas o menos, so on por el estilo

Unit 5
Pollution, wildlife, endangered, conservation projects, protect, save, damaged, climate change, the
environment, environmentally friendly, recycle.

Try, succeed, save, attach, make, fall off, branch, feathers, fur, leaf, paws, petals, scales, skin, tail,
web.

Stream, river, lake, valley, rainforest, national park, bay, coast, cave, leaf, skin, branch, wings, shells.

Giving reasons giving results giving examples

Becasuse as a result for instance

Because of so like

Due to for example

Since such as

Isnt aware of no es consciente de

Is fixing arreglando

Are facing enfrentar

Caused causado

Solve resolver

Are tackling abordando una situacin

 Giving yourself time to think

Just, let, sure, well, thats.

Future forms

Will we use will to make a spontaneous decision

We use will to make offers and promises

Predictions base on what we know belive or think
With the verbs: hope, expect, promise, know, belive, think
With the adverbs: probably, maybe, certainly
With the phrases: be sure, be afraid

Going to we use going to talk about future plans (decisiones que tomamos antes)

When a person or group decide

Predictions base on physical evidence (things that we can see or information that we have
read)
With ambitions

Present continous hablar sobre acuerdos (Planes fijos, por lo general involucran a otras personas
y tiempos y lugares especficos)

We use shall + I / we in questions to make offers and suggestions

Zero and first conditional

Zero (always true) present simple + present

If the lizard gets scared, it hides

If I go to the city centre, I always eat in that restaurant

First (probability) present simple + will, can, may

If the scientists succeed, many people will live longer

If I dont work hard, I wont be successful

Will you have to commute if you get the job?