CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Nowadays, people where very particular of gays, how they move, they speak, they

behave, and how they present their selves in the society (Anonymous, 1996). Time passed

by they become dominant and influential especially in their language, and fashion. But

despite these influential things, there are also people who really hate them for no reason.

Studies conducted by the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Policy Institute, including

twenty one (21) different local surveys between 1980 and 1991, found widespread

discrimination across the country against gay men and lesbians. The study also stated that

gay men and lesbians reported discrimination were in public restaurants, in health services,

insurance, and education (LCCR & LCCRE, 2002).

According to what causes Homosexuality, there are two main theories as to what

causes homosexual attractions. One is that a homosexual orientation is essentially dictated

by genetic and or biological factorsput simply, that people are born gay. The other

theory is that homosexual attractions develop as primarily as a result of psychological and

environmental influences and early experiences. (Anonymous, 1996)

Along with the homosexual adult community, there is an increasing number of

homosexual youth today, and because of the fast growth rate of becoming homosexual

(Gay) nowadays, there are also increasing cases of discrimination in public places such as
 2

Schools, malls, and other public places, (Lyn D. Wardle, 2007) so thats why the researcher

will conduct a research about the effects of gay discrimination on the lifestyle of gay high

school students.

` This research might help the people to stop discrimination most especially to

homosexual who are really experiencing it. This study might also help the people to

determine what are the effects of discrimination to homosexual, most especially in their

lifestyle and, psychological factors .The researcher also presents studies to display that

homosexuals are, in fact, exposed to many types of discrimination. Further this research

considers the psychological effects brought by discrimination to young gay students in

particular school where the researcher conduct the research.

The result of this research displays how discrimination takes a serious toll on

homosexual youth. Some members of society believe that homosexual youth have

psychological disorders only because of their sexual orientation,(International

Baccalaureate Organization, 2008) but this research clearly defines that discrimination has

its effects to the lifestyle of those homosexual who has been discriminated. This research

determines that sexual orientation needs to be clarified to those people who discriminates

those homosexuals with understanding and maybe they will realize that discrimination is

not a good thing to do, and that one day maybe discrimination against homosexuals will

come to an end.

1.2 Theoretical Framework

This part of the study presents the theory that has been used by the researcher as

the basis in conducting the research. The theoretical principles that will shape and guide

this study are drawn from Ritch C Savin-Williams study about Verbal and Physical Abuse
 3

as Stressors in the Lives of Lesbian, Gay Male, and Bisexual Youths: Associations with

School Problems, Running Away, Substance Abuse, Prostitution, and Suicide. (Savin-

Williams, 1994).

A common theme identified in empirical studies and clinical reports of lesbian, gay

male, and bisexual youths is the chronic stress that is created by the verbal and physical

abuse they receive from peers and adults. This article reviews the verbal and physical abuse

that threatens the well-being and physical survival of lesbian, gay male, and bisexual

youths. This response to gay male, lesbian, and bisexual adolescents by significant others

in their environment is often associated with several problematic outcomes, including

school-related problems, running away from home, conflict with the law, substance abuse,

prostitution, and suicide. Although the causal link between these stressors and outcomes

has not been scientifically established, there is suggestive evidence that these outcomes are

Consequences of verbal and physical harassment, (Savin-Williams, 1994).

The study focuses on the effects of discrimination to the gay students resulting to

many kinds of effects such as suicide, running away, substance abuse, and prostitution. In

this research of Ritch Williams he stated that discrimination have many effects especially

to those homosexual person who experience different types of discrimination, and his

research will be the researchers basis in conducting the research.

1.3 Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of this research clearly determines the effects and the

flow of the study .This help the reader to understand of what the research is all about. The

conceptual frame work of this research will start in determining the socio demographic

profile of the respondents in terms of age, and their religion, second is the discrimination
 4

that has been encountered by the respondents, third is describing the life of the respondents

with discrimination in which it is the primary topic of the researchers topic, and then lastly

connecting all the information gathered to the respondents lifestyle. Through this schematic

diagram of the conceptual framework of this research the readers will be able to understand

the point and the flow of the research that the researcher aim.
 5

Lifestyle

With Discrimination

Gay Discrimination on Gay

High School Students in
ICNSF

Socio Demographic Profile of the

respondents

Figure1. Schematic Diagram of the Conceptual Framework

 6

1.4 Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effects of gay discrimination on the lifestyle of

10 gay high school student of Iligan city National School of Fisheries.

Specifically, this study seeks to answers to the following questions:

1. What are the socio-demographic profile of the respondents?

2. What is their lifestyle with discrimination?

3. What is the effects of gay discrimination on their lifestyle?

4. How do they deal with this discrimination?

1.5 Statement of Objectives

The goal of this study is to determine the effects of gay discrimination on the

lifestyle of gay high school students. The researcher will be able to provide new

information of why people should stop discriminating homosexuals. This study will refine

the current understanding in such phenomena and why people should make the

environment a safer place for the homosexuals. Furthermore the researcher also presents

studies to display that homosexuals are, in fact, exposed to many types of discrimination.

The researcher ensure that this study make sense to those person who has experience a

certain discrimination in school and in other public places.

1.6 Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study determine the discrimination among Homosexuals students in Iligan City

National School of Fisheries and how it affects their lifestyle.

Basically qualitative and exploratory in design, this study utilize a researcher-made

interview guide. The interview guide is composed of two parts first part is the socio
 7

demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age and religion, the second part

contains the following questions: (1). How can you describe your life with and without

discrimination. (2). what is the worst discriminatory experience you have encountered? (3).

How do you deal with discrimination? There are only selected five Gay students in Iligan

City National School of Fisheries aging from (15) years old and above as the respondents

for this study. The sample being randomly chosen, the findings and information of this

study is context-bound, the application cannot go beyond the individuals who primarily

serve as respondents in this study any information that the researcher gather remains

confidential and stay beyond the researcher and the respondents.

1.7 Significance of the Study

The findings and information of this study expand the range of knowledge about

the effects of gay discrimination on their lifestyle. In broader view, studying this

discriminatory situation advance peoples knowledge of why they should stop

discriminating those homosexuals (Gay).

This study will also contribute to the people who has a further information and

wants to have a better understanding about perceived discrimination in schools and it also

help the people to be more knowledgeable in terms of the effects of discrimination.

This study serves as a guide for the future researchers who might pursue studies

along this topic. It also offers enlightenment to the individuals who might have some

difficulties trying to find linkage between gay discrimination and its effects on their

lifestyle.

1.8 Definition of terms

 8

This section of the paper will state the difficult words that might be encountered

by the readers upon reading this research paper.

Homosexuality. This term was coined in the late 19th century by a German

psychologist, Karoly Maria Benkert. Although the term is new, discussions about sexuality

in general and same-sex attraction in particular, have occasioned philosophical discussion

ranging from Plato's Symposium to contemporary queer theory. Since the history of

cultural understandings of same-sex attraction is relevant to the philosophical issues raised

by those understandings, it is necessary to review briefly some of the social history of

homosexuality. Arising out of this history, at least in the West, is the idea of natural law

and some interpretations of that law as forbidding homosexual sex. References to natural

law still play an important role in contemporary debates about homosexuality in religion,

politics, and even courtrooms. Finally, perhaps the most significant recent social change

involving homosexuality is the emergence of the gay liberation movement in the West. In

philosophical circles this movement is, in part, represented through a rather diverse group

of thinkers who are grouped under the label of queer theory. A central issue raised by queer

theory, which will be discussed below, is whether homosexuality, and hence also

heterosexuality and bisexuality, is socially constructed or purely driven by biological

forces.

Lifestyle. This refers to a persons general way of living including living conditions

and individuals behavior patterns influenced by socio-cultural factors and personal

characteristics.

Discrimination. It refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different

categories of people things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.

 9

Homophobia. This term is the hatred or fear of homosexuals - that is, lesbians and

gay men - sometimes leading to acts of violence and expressions of hostility. Homophobia

is not confined to any one segment of society, and can be found in people from all walks

of life. Organized hate groups have viciously attacked homosexuals and have used

especially violent language in attempting to persecute and intimidate them.

Chronic stress. Refers to the response to emotional pressure suffered for

a prolonged period of time in which an individual perceives he or she has little or no

control. It involves an endocrine system response in which corticosteroids are released.

Stressor. This term is a chemical or biological agent, environmental condition,

external stimulus or an event that causes stress to an organism. An event that triggers the

stress response may include: environmental stressors (hypo or hyper-thermic temperatures,

elevated sound levels, over-illumination, overcrowding).

 10

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter of the study presents the review of related literature and studies

relevant in this present research.

2.1 Related Literature

This related literature is the psychological effects brought by discrimination.

Every day, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people are the victims

of harassment and violence, particularly at school. The controversial term "hate crimes" is

often used to describe the psychological abuse with which lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and

transgender young adults must deal. Hate crimes were defined by the U.S. Congress in

1992, as, "the defendant's conduct motivated by hatred, bias, or prejudice, based on the

actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, ethnicity, gender, sexual

orientation or gender identity of another individual or group of individuals." In the last

decade, the punishment for these hate crimes has become much harsher, even though it is

more likely to refuse a criminal the death penalty for murder that is associated with hate.

(International Baccalaureate Organization, 2008).

The study is conducted by the International Baccalaureate Organization in 2008

entitled as Homosexual Harassment and its Psychological Effects. The organization wrote

that hate crime has more effects in the psychological factors of every Lesbians, Gays,

Bisexuals, and Transgender (LGBT) they noticed a higher level of distress to the
 11

Lesbians, Gays, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) due to the high cases of discrimination

and harassments. The researchers believe that heightened distress was caused by the

association of personal danger and vulnerability with their identity. Along with causing

more distress, the duration of distress of hate crimes was discovered to be longer-lasting

than non-biased crimes. Among these findings there was the prevalence of hate crimes

against homosexuals; the reports of these crimes to any kind of authority were quite fewer

than other crimes, but most of all this type harassment is not the only kind to which this

population is exposed. Gregory M. Hereks study (as cited in International Baccalaureate

Organization, 2008). In the study it is being said that this distress is the results of the

discrimination and harassment that had been shown by the society to the members of

LGBT community most especially in school where in discrimination and harassment are

very rampant that will lead to a serious tolls in suicides, substance abuse, runaways, and

etc. although this causal link between this stressors had not been scientifically established.

Savin Williams Study (as cited in International Baccalaureate Organization, 2008).

This research shows that Discrimination on LGBT members can affect the

psychological factors of every LGBT members in the society.

2.2 Related Studies

According to (Huebner David, Rebchook Gregory, and Kegeles Susan, 2004)

Recent experiences of anti-gay verbal harassment, discrimination, and physical violence

were reported by a substantial minority of men in our sample; men aged 18 to 21 years,

men who were more open in disclosing their sexual orientation to others, and HIV-

positive men most often reported such events. These types of mistreatment were associated

with lower self-esteem and a 2-fold increase in the odds of reporting suicidal ideation.
 12

Given the potentially life-threatening nature of these acts and their psychological

correlates, health care professionals and policymakers should attend to the effects of

harassment, discrimination, and violence on young gay men if they hope to improve the

lives of this vulnerable population.

The associations observed between experiences of mistreatment and markers of

psychological distress are subject to a number of interpretations. The explanation most

consistent with existing theory is that discrimination, harassment, and victimization are

stressful life events that result causally in psychological distress. However, given the

limitations inherent in cross-sectional data, we cannot rule out other possibilities. For

instance, men with preexisting low self-esteem or suicidal ideation may be more vulnerable

to and more likely to be targeted by perpetrators of mistreatment. Alternately, men with

greater psychological distress may simply be more likely to report mistreatment or to

interpret ambiguous negative events as anti-gay discrimination or harassment. This

explanation is less plausible given the research indicating that, under ambiguous

circumstances, discrimination is likely to be underreported rather than over reported.

This study says that there are many cases of harassment and discrimination

regarding to those members of LGBT it says that most consistent with existing theory is

that discrimination, harassment, and victimization are stressful life events that result

causally in psychological distress. However, given the limitations inherent in cross-

sectional data, we cannot rule out other possibilities. For instance, men with preexisting

low self-esteem or suicidal ideation may be more vulnerable to and more likely to be

targeted by perpetrators of mistreatment. Alternately, men with greater psychological

distress may simply be more likely to report mistreatment or to interpret ambiguous

 13

negative events as anti-gay discrimination or harassment. This explanation is less plausible

given the research indicating that, under ambiguous circumstances, discrimination is likely

to be underreported rather than over reported.

It is unclear precisely why certain subgroups of young gay and bisexual men were

more likely to report mistreatment. HIV-infected men are probably at increased risk

because of the added stigma associated with their disease. Men younger than 21 years of

age may be at higher risk for a number of reasons; for example, relative to older men, they

may have less independence and control over their lives, making it difficult for them to

access safe venues where gay and bisexual men gather. In addition, individuals who self-

identify as gay at younger ages may be more gender nonconforming, increasing

perpetrators ability to identify them as targets for anti-gay bias. Finally, studies suggest

that perpetrators of anti-gay violence tend to be younger themselves, and thus young men

may be targeted more frequently because their peers are more likely to be perpetrators.(

Huebner David, Rebchook Gregory, and Kegeles Susan, 2004)

This study is a proof that discrimination takes a serious toll for those members of

LGBT to commit suicide because of so much distress due to mistreatment of the society

and the member of society.

 14

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter deals on what research design is used, subjects and sampling

technique, locale of the study, data gathering method and date analysis technique in this

research.

3.1 Research Design

This study used a case study design to come up with an in depth inquiry. A case

study design is characterized by detailed information, thick description, direct quotation,

capturing personal perspective and experiences. Its focus is to identify the effects of gay

discrimination on the lifestyle of five gay high school students.

3.2 Corpus of the Study

The corpus of this study is comprises of selected five gay students of Iligan City

National School of Fisheries, and they must be fit in this following criteria: First they must

be a student of the said school. Second they must have an experience about discrimination

Third they must participate in the interview that will be conducted by the researcher. Fourth

they must be 15 years and above. They are the main respondents of the study which is

entitled The Effects of Gay Discrimination on the Lifestyle of 5 Gay High School Student

of Iligan City National School of Fisheries.

3.3 Research Sampling

A total of five Gay High School Student were involved in this study. They were

selected among the gay Students in Iligan City National School of Fisheries, Buru-un,
 15

Iligan City using the snowball sampling. Snowball or chain sampling is an approach for

locating information-rich key informants or critical cases; it is done by identifying the cases

of interest from a person who knows a person who can be identified a a qualified respondent

(Patton, 1990).

3.4 Research Instrument

In collecting data, the researcher used a researcher made interview guide.

Correspondingly the interview guide. The interview guide is composed of two parts the

part one which is the socio demographic profile of the respondents in terms of name, age ,

address and religion, second part is composed of the following questions. First how do you

describe your life with and without discrimination?, second what is the worst

discriminatory experience you have encountered?, third is how do you deal with

discrimination?. The said interview guide was used as the main instrument. The researcher

decided to use an Interview guide so that it will be easy for the researcher to conduct the

interview in the respondents.

3.5 Data Gathering Method

The interview guide is composed of two parts: Part I contains the profile or the

Socio-Demographic Profile of the respondents; and Part II consist of questions on their

discrimination experiences, what discrimination they experience either verbal or non-

verbal discrimination and how they deal with those discrimination. The researcher gathered

the information through sending consent letter to the school and to the students who serves

as the primary source of information in the said research, after the researcher send the

consent letter that contains the signature of the research adviser, the researcher was able to

interview the respondents as randomly chosen using snowball sampling.

 16

3.6 Data Analysis Procedure

In ensuring adequacy of data, the researcher saw to it that each question was

thoroughly answered by the respondents. The data have been organized for analysis by

ensuring consistency of data arrangement on the basis of statement of the problem and

grouping the data with the same thought.

For the purpose of the study, the confidentiality of the respondents has been

protected by the researcher. In like manner, their individual answers and or responses will

be kept strictly confidential and only the researcher, adviser and other people may have

direct access to them.

3.7 Presentation of Data Analysis

In presenting the data the researcher was able to used tables in presenting the data,

the researcher also organized the data in presenting it by ensuring consistency of data

arrangement by the basis of their answers on the questions. In presenting the data the

researcher arrange the answers with the same thought and with the same themes.

The use of table was one of the more effective in presenting the data gathered by

the researcher. Because a table might be useful to the reader for them to analyze the

importance of every information that has been gathered by the researcher.

3.8 Ethical and Political Considerations

The researcher was able to respect the confidentiality of the respondents whether

or not they will answer the questions in the interview if they feel uncomfortable with the

question it is okay not to answer it. The researcher also consider the rights of the

respondents so that no the researcher will not be able to violate some of things.
 17

Upon doing the interview the researcher also uses and expressive way so that the researcher

will not be able to hurt other feelings, the researcher also assured that all

information gathered by the researcher will not go beyond the others and will assured that

all the information will only go beyond the context and will remain confidential.
 18

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION OF DATA, ANALYSIS AND CASE NARRATIVES

This chapter presents, analyzes and interprets the findings of the study gathered

from the respondents through individual interviews and surveys. Discussions are presented

according to the information gathered; this chapter also presents the five (5) case narratives

of the respondents. The real identities of the respondents are protected by giving them

fictitious names.

4.1 Presentation of Case Stories

This part of the research includes the different case stories of the five respondents

that has been interviewed by the researcher.

4.1.1 Case #1: Carla

Carla is a 17 years old homosexual (Gay) and he is currently studying in Iligan City

National School of Fisheries and he is a grade-10 student, his religion is born again

Christian but before that he is a roman catholic but he converted just last year, he is living

in Purok 3, Buru-un, Iligan City.

His lifestyle is different without discrimination because he always have time to

spend his day gallivanting around their community without thinking of some bad things to

happen he finds his life a peaceful one without discrimination because he feels like free

like a bird, he also have the freedom to express his emotions and feelings without thinking

of someone who will insult him for being gay.

 19

But destiny is so unfair because his lifestyle change because of discrimination in

their community nowadays, wherein he cant easily express his emotions and feelings

because he might be insulted by others, some will also say that he does not belong to their

community because he is gay but the worst thing is that his father wont accept him for

being a homosexual in fact he always got to be scolded by his father. He also experience

depression because of discrimination in school and in their community thats sometimes

he thinks of stop coming to school and just stay at home because he is scared that maybe

someone will just insult him and then end up crying for so much pain.

But in behalf of this things he had encountered he always bear in mind that being

gay is not a bad things as just others think as long as he didnt step on someone he will

remains being gay no matter what happen, even if there is always discrimination.

4.1.2 Case #2:Amaya

Amaya is a grade-9 student in Iligan City National School of Fisheries, he stopped

coming to school because of financial support at the age of 14 that is why he is still a grade

9 students right now, he live in Purok 8, Buru-un, Iligan City.

Amaya is a happy go lucky person when he is still at a young age of 6, he always

find time to go outside their house to play with his friend, in fact that time he says that he

was free as a bird flying in the sky because no one ever discriminate him for being gay but

also in that age he is not showy of being gay, he can express his emotions and feelings

without thinking of some things that might hurt his feelings.

As years past by he became more showy of being gay he always wear some girly

dresses and shorts, that is why lots of people discriminates him because of being gay and
 20

for wearing such girly stuffs, and this discriminations he had experience brought him where

he is right now wherein he cannot easily express his emotions and feelings where in fact

he change his lifestyle not like before were he wears some girly stuffs, this lifestyle has

been change due to some discrimination in their community and school he totally change

not for being gay but he change his lifestyle, he cannot easily go outside their house and

mingle with friends because he is scared to be insulted by the people that will see him,

sometimes he thinks of being unwanted and not being part of this world, sometimes in his

life he thinks of ending up his life because he all the painful words he had always encounter

will chase him over his life.

But this discriminatory experience he always experience makes him grow as a

person and will make him more stronger, that is why he always bear in mind that being gay

is a blessing and especial. And right now he is ready to face the discrimination in the school

and community and continue living his life even if it is not the way he lives when he is still

young.

4.1.3 Case #3:Marimar

Marimar is a grade-7 student in Iligan City National School of Fisheries, he is a 13

years old homosexual (Gay) who enjoy his life even if it is not perfect as he always wanted,

he lives in Purok 4, Samburon, Linamon, Lanao del Norte.

At the age of 4 his mother noticed that he had weird actions just like playing some

girly stuff like Barbie Doll, his mother accepts him for who he is but in his father side it

is the opposite, his father cant accept his true identity but his life seems so enjoyable when

he is still young that at the age of 11 he had lots of Gay Friend that he is involve into. He

enjoy that certain time, he always got to go outside in their house gallivanting around, he
 21

is free to express his emotions and feelings just like his friends do, in fact he lives a peaceful

life at that moment.

But it turns out different when he turns at the age of 12 were he experience different

types of discrimination such as perceived discrimination and verbal discrimination, his life

turns out like a page in the book that after the happy chapter of his life it turns out to be as

dark as the cave, he experienced being bullied for being gay but he doesnt care about what

other people say, but destiny is so unfair somewhat because time travels so fast that other

people may always have to shout it out in public that he is a gay and he has no value in this

world he live in. That certain discriminatory experience causes him depressed and stop

coming to school for a couple of days, he spends his time always in his room thinking of

why other people always do such thing. And then comes to a point that his father will

always scolded him for having such feminine actions, somewhat in his life he thinks of

ending it up because of such discrimination he had always encounter.

But he bear in mind that ending up ones life would not make him feel free of this

discrimination, but facing this discrimination is a tool for him to live the life he had always

dreamed of, and that one day those people who discriminates him will see that he is worth

living for.

4.1.4 Case #4:Teya

Teya lives in Purok 5, Bliss, Buru-un Iligan City, he is a grade 10 student in Iligan

City National School of Fisheries, he is 17 years old, he always finds his life as a wheel

sometimes it is up and sometimes it is down. Teya have done so much in his existence,
 22

because he is a type of person who always enjoys life no matter what trial he encountered

nothing can stop him from doing things he always wanted.

At the age of 14, he enjoyed living his life like what other gays do he always want

to have another experience every time he goes outside their house to meet his Gay

Friends. His life is peaceful like what he had always experience since the day that he was

born, he can easily express his emotions and feelings because no one would insult him, his

lifestyle also a worth living for because at the early age he experience some sort of

wonderful and happy things.

But this turns out as different when discrimination chases him, discrimination here,

discrimination there, even where he will go, there is always discrimination he never

dreamed to happen. In school he had experience being bullied by his classmate for being

gay, where he ended up crying at a one corner, somewhat he experience discrimination in

their community wherein he is being scolded verbally by his neighbors, just like saying

Bayot Walay Pulos means worthless. That time is his biggest down he had experience,

wherein he cant move on from that certain situation it always chasing him through his life

until right now.

But he never loses hope that one day everything will change into positive way, he

always make that certain discriminatory experience as his motivation to strive hard to prove

to the people that he is worth living for.

`4.1.5 Case #5:Maria Laban

Maria Laban is a 21 years old homosexual he is the eldest of their family, he is still

currently studying in Iligan City National School of Fisheries as a Senior High School
 23

student. He lives in Purok 10, Timoga, Buru-un, Iligan City, but his originally came from

Barangay Bulua, Cagayan de Oro City.

He lives a happy life as he always wanted to enjoy his life when he is still young,

because he is afraid that someday he may end up never experiencing other things. He is a

happy go lucky person; he always wanted a life full of happiness that is why during his 15th

year he always got to spend his time hanging out with friend, expressing his thoughts and

emotions without stepping on someones feet, his lifestyle at this age is very enjoyable that

he gets to go outside their house easily as like his friends do. He makes other people laugh

by making his attitude funnier. His lifestyle that moment is free like a bird no tears no

regrets and no disappointments.

But this things come to the peak that he experience discrimination at the age of 17

until now, which he had always encountered in school and in other public places. He had

once an experience being bullied by his co student for being gay in a sense that he might

want to stop coming to school because he always experience discrimination. But the worst

thing is that it is not just because of being gay he got discriminated but also for repeating

his grade 7 and 8 for 4 years. So thats why he became upset and depressed for a couple of

days because of so much painful words that he had always encountered in school every

day.

But in behalf of these things, he cannot deny the fact that discrimination is always

around him, and that he would always hear those painful words. But nowadays he remains

strong in behalf of these things, that as long as he live in this world without stepping on

someones feet, he will remain hopeful that one day he will be able to fight for his right as

a human being.
 24

4.2 Socio Demographic Profile of the Respondents

This section of the study presents the findings about the socio demographic profile

of the respondents in terms of age, and religion.

Table 4.2.1 Ages of the Respondents

Age Respondents Frequency

13 Marimar 1

16 Amaya 1

17 Teya 1

17 Carla 1

21 Maria Laban 1

Total 5

The table 4.2 shows that out of the 5 respondents, Maria Laban is the oldest with

the age of 21, it also shows that, Carla, and Teya have the same age. While the two namely,

Marimar, and Amaya is the youngest of all the 5 respondents.

Table 4.2.2 Religion of the Respondents

Religion Respondents Frequency

Born Again Christian Carla 1

Roman Catholic Amaya, Teya, Marimar, 4

Maria Laban,

Total 5

The table shows that out of the 5 respondents of this study there is only one Born

again Christian while the rest are born Roman Catholic. Carla is the only the born again
 25

Christian respondent of this study, this only means that majority of the religion are

Roman Catholic, and one born again Christian.

4.3 Lifestyle of the Respondents With and Without Discrimination

This section shows the lifestyle of the respondents with and without

discrimination that will be shown in the table.

Table.4.3.1 Lifestyle of the Respondents Without Discrimination

Respondents Actual Responses Translation

Carla Naa koy freedom nga mu express sa akong mga Peaceful

thoughts and emotions nga walay lain gi kagul-an. and free
Dayun peaceful ang pamuyo.
Marimar Free ko muhimo sa mga butang, mura kog langgam kay Peaceful
mahimo nako akong gusto himuon nga walay mu and free
insulto. Dayun peaceful kay akong pag lag-laag.
Amaya Free ko muexpress sa akong gusto e express kay wala Free,and
may tawong mu insult or magbuot sakong himoun. Happy
Teya Peaceful akoang lifestyle basta walay discrimination, Happy,
happy ko mubuhat sa mga butang ug makalaag ko nga Free, and
walay mo discriminate ug walay gekahadlokan dayun Peaceful
free kayko.
Maria Laban Peaceful akong panimuyo akong lifestyle ug uban pa, Peaceful,
free pud ko mu himo sa mga butang nga walay laing and free
huna-hunaon kundi akong kaugalingon.

The table above shows the lifestyle of the respondents without discrimination.

Three of them answers Peaceful and free, as the lifestyle that they always experience

without discrimination. However, Amaya, and Teya answers Peaceful and Happy is the

only thing they had experience without discrimination.

Table.4.3.2 Lifestyle of the Respondents With Discrimination

Respondents Actual Responses Translation

Carla Akong life nga nay discrimination kay stress, Stressful, Miserable and
miserable, ug sometime makahuna-huna ko sometimes I think of
ug nganong nabuhi pako aning kalibutana. why Iam still living in
this world.
 26

Marimar Akong life nga nay discrimination kay Miserable and then I
miserable, dayun dili nakayo nako mahimo cannot do my lifestyle
akong lifestyle sa katong wala pay just like before without
discrimination. discrimination.
Amaya Feel nako down kay ko, maka cause pud syag I feel like im so down
stress daun depress everytime gina and then it can make feel
discriminate ko. stressful and depressed.
Teya Akong lifestyle basta gina discriminate ko My lifestyle when I am
kay miserable, stressful daun maka cause discriminated is
siyag chaos. miserable, stressful and
it can cause chaos.
Maria Laban Akong lifestyle basta gina discriminate ko My lifestyle is different
kay lahi basta walay discrimination kay kong when there is
naa dli ko mugawas sa balay and then ma discrimination because I
depressed ko tapos miserable. cannot go outside our
house and then it makes
me feel depressed and
my life is miserable.

The table above shows that the life of the respondents is different if they are being

bounded by discrimination, and the five respondents have similar experience with the said

discrimination. And it also shows that the common lifestyle of the respondents having such

discrimination is miserable, and the feeling of depression.

4.4 Worst Discriminatory Experienced of the Respondents

This section of the study will show the worst discrimination that the respondents

had been experience, and it is being stated by the respondents during the interview

conducted by the researcher.

Table.4.4.1 Worst Discrimination Encountered by the Respondents

Respondents Actual Responses Translation

Marimar Ang pinaka worst nga discrimination nga When my father doesnt
akong na again so far is katong time nga dili accept my true identity,
ko madawat sakong papa sa akong pagka and for being recognize
Bayot dayun katong time nga ge egnan ko as worthless person.
sa usa ka tambay nga wala koy pulos.
 27

Amaya Pinaka worst discrimination nga akong Recognize as a

naagian kay katong ge-egnan kog walay worthless gay.
pulos nga Bayot.
Teya Well, worst discrimination nga akong na Worst discrimination I
sinate kay katong gina bully ko sa among had encounter is when
school sa akong pagka bayot daun sa amoa Iam being bullied in
pong lugar. school and in our
community.
Carla Worst discrimination nga akong na again kay When my father doesnt
katong time nga gina bully ko sa among accept my true identity
skwelahan ug katong time nga dili ko and being bullied in
madawat sa akoang papa. school.
Maria Laban Well sa akong nahinumduman lucky kay ko Im lucky that i didnt
kay wala pakoy na sinate nga worst jud kayo experience worst
nga discrimination. discrimination.

The table above shows that the respondents experience some certain worst

discrimination in school, in the community and other public places, and also shown in the

table that only Maria Laban doesnt have an experience with worst discrimination. But

Majority of them says that the worst discrimination they had experienced was when their

father doesnt accept them for who they are.

4.5 Dealing with Discrimination.

This section of the study will show of how the respondents deal or overcome the

discrimination they have experienced.

Table.4.5.1 Dealing with Discrimination

Respondents Actual Responses Translation

Marimar Basta e discriminate ko pasagdaan ra nako ang I dont mind those

nang discriminate, tapos focus lang sa akoang people who
strength. discriminates me and
just focus on my
strength
Amaya Well basta e discriminate ko dili nako e mind I just dont mind those
ang ilang ipang storya, dayun huna-hunaon people who
lang nako nga time will come mawala ra ning discriminates me and I
mga discrimination sa palibot. will just always bear in
mind that time will
 28

come discrimination
will end
Teya Edeal nako siya in the way nga dili nako huna- I just dont mind those
hunaon ilang mga gipang engon sa akoa bisan discrimination I have
tuod sakit. encountered
Carla The way ko mudeal sa mga discrimination kay I will fight my right as
sa pag fight sa akoang right as a person dili a human being and I
nako pasagdan nga tumban-tumban ra ko nila will not let anyone step
kay tawo sad biya ko. my identity.
Maria Laban Mo overcome or mu deal ko sa akoang mga I dont mind those
discrimination nga akong naagian is mag focus people who
lang ko sa akoang strength dayun dili nako e discriminates me and
mind ang ilang gipang storya even sakit siya. just focus on my
strength

The table above shows how the respondents overcome or deal with the

discrimination theyve had encounter. It also shows that only Carla overcome the

discrimination by fighting for his right as a human being, and majority of the respondents

say that to overcome discrimination they will just focus on their strength and just dont

mind those people who discriminates them.

 29

In general the results and discussion are first talks about the socio-demographic

profile of the respondents, in terms of their age and religion, the information are being put

in the table in which the researcher determines that the respondents are in the age bracket

of 13-21 years old. In terms of the religion, the majority of the religion of the respondents

is Roman Catholic and only one born again Christian. Also the researcher had determine

the lifestyle of the respondents as resorted to as their lifestyle with and without

discrimination, where in the researcher was able to determine that the lifestyle of the

respondents is different if there is discrimination in the society, in the findings that has

been put in the table the life of the respondents without discrimination is peaceful and free

while if there is discrimination their life is miserable and the feeling of stress and depressed.

In the tables also that has been presented by the researcher, the respondents overcome

discrimination just by fighting for their right as a human being and just focus on their core

strength because if they mind the discrimination they maybe end up depressed and resulting

to a miserable life, also the respondents say that not minding the discrimination in the

society makes them feel better and live the life positively.
 30

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Summary

This case study examines and determines the Effects of Gay Discrimination on the

lifestyle of Gay High School Students in Iligan City National School of Fisheries. The

research use a case study design to come up with the result the researcher wanted. The

focus of this study is determined what is the discrimination that has been encountered by

the respondents, and what are the effects of this discrimination to their lifestyle.

Specifically, it describes the socio-demographic profile of the respondents, age of

the respondents, and their religion, the lifestyle of the respondents with and without

discrimination, the effects of discrimination to their lifestyle, and dealing with

discriminations. Interview is the primary source of information and has been using the

theory of Savin Ritch Williams about Verbal and Physical Abuse as Stressors in the Lives

of Lesbian, Gay Male, and Bisexual Youths: Associations with School Problems, Running

Away, Substance Abuse, Prostitution, and Suicide. As the guide in conducting the research.

All of the five (5) respondents majority of them are in the age bracket of 13-21 were

the oldest is twenty one (21) and the eldest is thirteen (13), all of them were studying in

Iligan City National School of Fisheries. One of the respondent is a born again Christian

and majority of them is Roman Catholic.

The lifestyle of the respondents is being discussed as resorted to as their lifestyle

with discrimination and their lifestyle without discrimination. The respondents have been

said that their lifestyle is different if there is discrimination, because they can easily spend
 31

their time outside without thinking some bad things to happen, also they can easily express

their emotions and feelings. As stated the respondents have said that their lifestyle without

discrimination is happy and well provided. But their lifestyle is different if there is

discrimination because they cannot easily spend their time outside to gallivant with friends

because they are afraid that maybe someone will discriminates them for being gay. Some

of this effects are being depressed and not able to go outside their room and stay there for

a long days because they are being aware that if they go outside they might experience

again the discrimination theyve encountered, sometimes running out to school and stop

coming to school because they are being bullied by their co-students, but sometimes they

think of ended up their life, because of hearing such painful words they encountered in

their daily living.

But in behalf of this things they encountered they remain positive in all aspects,

they just overcome the discrimination, as said by the respondents they overcome or deal

with discrimination just by focusing on their strength, fight for their right as a person, and

just dont mind those people who discriminated them, and just always stay positive and

continue living as being part of the world and as a worth it person and not other people

think they do.

5.2 Conclusion

In conclusion is the lifestyle of the respondents is very different if there is no

discrimination, wherein they can spend so much of their time outside gallivanting with

friends and just be happy, but it turns out very different if there are discrimination because

this discrimination can affects the way they live without experiencing discrimination,

wherein they cannot go easily and spend their time outside because they are afraid that
 32

someone will make them feel worthless, some of this effects are running out to school, stop

coming to school, depression, and some respondents say suicide.

The findings reinforce Ritch Savin Williams theory of the effect of discrimination

to the young homosexuals and bisexuals. Common theme identified in empirical studies

and clinical reports of lesbian, gay male, and bisexual youths is the chronic stress that is

created by the verbal and physical abuse they receive from peers and adults. This article

reviews the verbal and physical abuse that threatens the well-being and physical survival

of lesbian, gay male, and bisexual youths. This response to gay male, lesbian, and bisexual

adolescents by significant others in their environment is often associated with several

problematic outcomes, including school-related problems, running away from home,

conflict with the law, substance abuse, prostitution, and suicide. Although the causal link

between these stressors and outcomes has not been scientifically established, there is

suggestive evidence that these outcomes are consequences of verbal and physical

harassment.

The respondents had also different ways in overcoming this discrimination as they

have experience in peers and adults, some of this way is that focusing on their own strength,

and just dont mind the things said by the people around them because it might just make

them more depressed and have a stressful living instead just be hopeful is the only for them

to overcoming the discrimination they had encountered, and just continue living the life

theyve always wanted because this the way they can make things positively.
 33

5.3 Recommendations

This study opens a lot of opportunities to the future researchers in conducting such

related studies like this research specifically research about discrimination were in it is

being prominent in the society nowadays, so the researcher would like to recommend some

research that might helpful to the future researchers in deciding some topic they want and

the followings are the recommendations for the future researchers:

1. Using qualitative approach, the future researchers might conduct studies about

discrimination in the workplace and what are its effects.

2. Using qualitative approach, similar studies might be conducted to those lesbians,

and bisexuals who experience discrimination.

3. The size of the sample might also be increased to enhance the efficiency of this

study.
 34

REFERENCES

Wordford, R., Matney, M., Craig, S., & Han, Yoonsun. (2005 June, 05). Discrimination
and Mental Health Among Sexual Minority College Students: The Type and Form
of Discrimination Does Matter. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Mental Health, 134,
124-267.

Swim, J. K., Pearson, N. B., & Johnston, K. E. (2007). Daily encounters with heterosexism:
A week in the life of lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Journal of
Homosexuality, 53(4), 3148.

Oswalt, S. B., & Wyatt, T. J. (2011). Sexual orientation and differences in mental health,
stress, and academic performance in a national sample of U.S. college students.
Journal of Homosexuality, 58(9), 12551280. doi: 10.1080/
00918369.2011.605738

International Baccalaureate Organization. (2008). Homosexual Harassments and its

Psychological Effects. (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Publishing.

The National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. (2006). The Issues of Being Homosexual. The
Journal of Gay Psychology, 76(6), 34-25 .Retrieved February 2006, from
http://www.thetaskforce.orgltheissues/issue.cfrn?issuelD= 13

Savin-Williams, R.C. (1994). Verbal and physical abuse as stressors in the lives of lesbian,
gay male, and bisexual youths: associations with school problems, running away,
substance abuse, prostitution, and suicide. New York, NY.
DC Publishing

Barnecka, J., Karp, K., & Lollike, M. (2005). Homosexuality. The Psychology Journal
Washington, Autumn Semester, Roskilde University.

Wardle, D. (2007). The Biological Causes and Consequences of Homosexual Begavioral

And their relevance for family law policies. The Journal of Homosexual, New
York, DC: Publishing

Byne, T., & Parson, S. (1998). What Causes Homosexuality. The Journal of Psychology
, 134, 236-237. Retrieved from http://www.journal.psychology.edu/net/hmsxual.
 35

APPENDICES `
Appendix A
Consent Letter

St. Peters College

Sabayle St. Iligan City

March 6,2017

Greetings !

I am Ephraim C. Juarez a Senior High School Student in St. Peters College, I am

presently conducting my research which is entitled: Effects of Gay Discrimination on
the Lifestyle f 5 Gay High School Student of Iligan City National School of Fisheries.
In this connection, I would like to ask for your support by participating in theb interview
as one of the primary source of information.
Your cooperation is highly needed for the success of the study. Rest assured that your
answers will be kept confidential and will be used only for the purpose of the study.
Thank you very much for your kindness and consideration.

Sincerely yours
Ephraim C. Juarez

Noted by:
Jessica W. Baculio
Instructor
BED Senior High School
St. Peters College
 36

Appendix B

Interview Questionnaire

St. Peters College

Sabayle St. Iligan City
Interview Guide

Date:
Time:
Part I. Socio Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Name:______________________________________________ Age:_____
Address:_______________________________________________Religion:_________

Part II. Interview Questions

1. How can you describe your life without discrimination?

2. How can you describe your life with discrimination?

 37

3. What is the worst discriminatory experience you have encountered?

4. What do you feel when someone insults you for being gay?

5. How would you compare your lifestyle with and without discrimination?

6. How do you deal with discrimination?

 38

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Name: Ephraim C. Juarez

Nickname: Ep-ep/Ep-yang

Address: Purok 5 Bliss, Buru-un, Iligan City

Fathers Name: Amelito S. Juarez

Mothers Name: Ma. Elvira C. Juarez

Educational Background

Elementary: Mimbalot Elementary School

Purok 5 Mimbalot Brgy. Buru-un, Iligan City

Secondary: Iligan City national School of Fisheries

Purok 1 Brgy. Buru-un, Iligan City

Senior High School: St. Peters College (Humanities and Social Sciences)

Sabayle St. Iligan City