POLICE

DIRECTORY
R M D

>RY

^v

PEKIIMER'S
PROTECTIVE

1916
 Use this Handy

T>e Luxe
Memo Book
For your personal notes and
records. It's loose leaf
bound in durable, handsome
black Morocco of the finest
grade.

Fourteen handy sizes at any

progressive stationery store.

Wilson-Jones Loose Leaf Co*

3021 Carroll Avenue, Chicago

U. S. Blow Pipe and Dust Collecting Co.

MANUFACTURERS AND CONTRACTORS OF

Slow Speed, Low Pow-

er Shavings and
Dust Collecting
Systems
Fans, Blowers
Heating and Ventilat-
ing Systems

Sheet Metal Specialties of

all Descriptions

2090-92 Canalport Ave.

Phone Canal 507

'
Police History 1

12O WEST MADISON STREET CHICAGO

European Plan
Model of Fireproof Construction

Best Restaurant and Grille in City

A.W. HANNAH AND DAVID HOGG, PROPS.
LAURENCE R. ADAMS,SEC'Y AND MANAGER

AMagnificent Structure. No Better Furnished

Hotel in the City. All the Latest Improvements
and Conveniences. Located in the Very Business
Center of Chicago.

Jti* fa
THE MILDEST SMOKING TOBACCO ON THE MARKET
2 P o I I c e History
PBRTEGTIOIN
ASBESTOS FABRIC

Will
TIRES
Give Greater Durability and
More Mileage Than Any Oilier Tire

BECAUSE long fibre asbestos fabric is used instead of

cotton fabric,as in other tires. Long asbestos fibre
has greater tensile strength than cotton fibre and will
wear longer.

BECAUSE asbestos, being a mineral, will not rot when

water soaked, as will cotton fabric. Asbestos fabric
is not injured by oil or grease.

BECAUSE asbestos, being a non-conductor of heat, pro-

tects the inner tube from heat due to causes from without
or within the tire.

BECAUSE vulcanizing can be done at a much higher temper-

ature without injury to the fabric.

BECAUSE of the nonpuncturable BREAKER STRIP in the

cross section.

GUARANTEE ON PERFECTION TIRES Perfection Tires

are guaranteed for 6000 miles.

PERFECTION TIRES THOROUGHLY TESTED and PROVEN

Perfection Asbestos Fabric Tires are the outgrowth of
four years of scientific tests and experiments. Many
problems had to be solved before the tires had reached
the stage deserving of the name given to them. Per-
fection Tires are now all that the name implies. Per-
fection is the last word in pneumatic tires.

PERFECTION TIRE & RUBBER CO,

MARQUETTE BLDG., CHICAGO
Poli H i o y 3

D
C

POLICE HISTORY D
C

AND

DIRECTORY

A brief compilation of the notable incidents

occuring in the History of our Police Depart-
ment. Our facts were obtained from the
Annual Statements issued by the Department,
from the Chicago Historical Association Files
and other authentic sources.

A Directory of useful information, giving

location of Police Stations, City and County
information, and a great deal of other valu- C
able data. C
C

1916 C
C

Police Pensioners Protective Association

 Police Histor
The Answer to Many Transportation Problems

IS TO TAKE THE

Illinois Central
BETWEEN

Chicago, Memphis, New Orleans

Chicago Birmingham, Jacksonville, Fla.
Chicago, Omaha, Sioux City, Sioux Falls
Chicago, Minneapolis, St. Paul
Chicago, Memphis, Hot Springs, Ark.
Chicago, New Orleans, Houston, San Antonio
Chicago, Springfield, St. Louis

St. Louis, Memphis, New Orleans

St. Louis, Birmingham, Jacksonville, Fla.
St. Louis, Nashville, Chattanooga, Atlanta,
Jacksonville, Fla.
St. Louis, Paducah
Cincinnati, Louisville, Memphis, New Orleans
St. Louis, Springfield, Chicago

Steel Trains Through Service

Schedules, fares, sleeping car reservations, descriptive

literature and other information may be
obtained at

ILLINOIS CENTRAL TICKET OFFICES

76 W. Adams Street, Phones: Central 6270 Auto. 64-472;
Scott's Hotel Ticket Offices, Central Station (Michigan Ave.
and I2th St.) and 43rd St., 53rd St. and 63rd St. Stations.
 olice Histo

Foreword
To our many Friends and Patrons

HE Police Pensioners Protective Association

has been striving for the last eleven years
for the perfection of the pension laws, and
the protection of the interests of the many
pensioners, publishes this volume both as
a means of securing a permanent fund for the continu-
ation of its work, and for thepurpose of perpetuating
the name of those men who died as heroes in the per-
formance of their duties, as police officers.
ii
||
With the profits secured from the publication of
this volume, this organization will continue to main-
tain its attorney at all important meetings of the

Pension Board, various pension committees, and all

regular sessions of the State Legislature.
H
Without organization and united effort we would
not have been able to accomplish anything, nor to
protect those good laws already passed. Due directly
to this organization and its effort, we have been able
to do away with many harmful enactments and to
secure new and better ones, thus assuring those
entitled to pensions, whether members of this associ-
ation or not, of receiving their just dues as provided
by law.
E5
||
The Police Pensioners Protective Association
takes this opportunity to express thanks and deep
its

appreciation to its many friends, who through their

advertising co-operation and subscriptions have made
possible the production and publication of this book.
SPolice Hist o r y

Just a Sip
from a of coffee percolated
cup
electrically, and you will at
once recognize its excellence.

An EleSiric
Coffee Percolator
will prove most desirable to
have for many occasions and
is delightfully convenient.
The best makes only are sold here

ELECTRIC SHOP
72 WEST AND JACKSON
ADAMS STREET MICHIGAN BLVDS.
o H o

WM. HALE THOMPSON

MAYOR
City of Chicago

Ln
SPolice History

Chicago's
Foremost
Cleaners
and
Dyers
Operating the largest retail plant
in the city. We employ the latest
and most modern facilities for the
cleaning of silks, chiffons, dresses,
suits, laces and gloves.

Oriental Rugs and

Carpets, Portieres
and Curtains
We maintain our own hat clean-
ing and blocking department.

North Side Cleaners &

Dyers Company
f HonesB
FMirk >
^ Raveiiswood 33OO
j Edgewater 767

5427=29-31 'Broadway Chicago

 o I I H

"1

Ki

CHAS. C. HEALEY
General Superintendent of Police
10 Police History
W. Q. SOUDERS & CO.
208 S. La Salic Street Dime Bank Building
CHICAGO DETROIT
First National Bank Building
MILWAUKEE
High Grade Investments, Secured by First Mortgage
Bonds. Descriptive circulars upon request

NEW YORK BOSTON

Curtis & Sanger

INVESTMENT SECURITIES
COMMERCIAL PAPER

Members New York, Boston and 126 S. La Salle Street

Chicago Stock Exchanges Chicago

WRITE OR CALL FOR OUR

List of Investment

Yielding from 4^ to

Stanwood, Taylor & Co.

PHONE RANDOLPH 6O3O
7O4-7O8 Harris Trust Building
111 W. Monroe Street CHICAGO
Police History 11

HERMAN F. SCHUETTLER
First Deputy
Superintendent of Police
12 Police History

American
District Telegraph

Company
NIGHT WATCH SERVICE

Fire Alarm, Automatic Fire Alarm

and Sprinkler Supervisory Service.

BURGLAR ALARM SERVICE

Room 244
National Life Building
29 South La Salle Street

Burglar Alarm and Watch Service Department

TEL. RANDOLPH 1915
 o I I H y 13

llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllUlllllllllllli:

MAJOR M. L. C. FUNKHOUSER
Second Deputy
Superintendent of Police

TliiiiiililiiiiiiiimimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimimiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiirT
14 P o H o

We Cut Gears
We have one of the best up-to-date
gear
cutting factories in the Middle West.
Our shops are operated day and night,
enabling us to give prompt attention to
the execution of all orders.
We have but one quality the highest. Our ser-
vice is widely recognized and used by discriminat-
ing buyers and engineers of the Automobile in-
dustry. Send Blue Prints or Sample Gears for
Estimates.

ALBAUGH-DOVER
Marshall Boulevard and Twenty-First Street,
CO.
Chicago.
Police H i is t o r y 15

MICHAEL BRENNAN
Chief of Police
1803-95

JOHN J. BADENOCH
Chief of Police
1895-97
 16 P o I H

Total revenue receipts of Yearly cost of materials

United States from all used in bottling industry.. 10,002,292
sources for 1912 were $691,000,000
In which is included from $316,802,642
import duties 311,000,000 Total amount of money in-
In 1913 the objects of taxa- vested in brewing industry
tion which produced the in United States in 1905
most amount of revenue was _ $515,000,000
were: The above has to do only with the
Distilled Spirits....$157,000,000 brewing industry and in no way com-
Fermented putes the expenditures of the distilling
industry.
Liquors 65,000,000
222,000,000 Practically every business and calling
Tobacco 76,000,000 in this country would be affected di-
rectly or indirectly by the establish-
Total $298,000,000 ment of national prohibition. Amon
fe- are the following:
Thus, during the past fiscal year, dis- the many industries which would suf-
tilled spirits and fermented liquors
furnished nearly % of the total rev- Real Estate, Advertising Sic
enue of the U. S. government. Farley, Rubber Goods,
Hops, Steam Engine,
Or, put it another way, distilled spirits Corn, Machinery,
and fermented liquors paid % of the Rice, Tool,
expense of maintaining our army and Wheat, Builders' Supply,
navy. Oats, Plumbers' Supply
Or the entire cost of pensions and of Hay, Wagon,
the care of our Indians and the in- Straw, Harness,
terest on our public debt, besides con- Eggs, Auto Truck,
tributing nearly $30,000 for miscel- Cheese, Mason and Build-
laneous expenses. Poultry, ers,
Meats, Farmers' Imple-
INCOME TAX. Groceries , ments and Ma-
Hotel and Restau- chinery,
Estimated Income Tax, 1914..$ 87,000,000 rant Supplies Furniture,
Estimated receipts from fer- and Furnish- Bar Fixture,
mented liquors and dis- ings, Cooperage,
tilled spirits 228,000,000 Lumber, Patent Cork and
Income Tax would have to be in- Coal, Stopper,
creased 2% times to yield same total. Iron, Bottle,
Steel, Beer Pump,
NEW YORK STATE. Copper, Beer Tap,
Direct revenue from liquor traffic de- Gasoline, Bottling Machin-
rived by New York state is nearly $20,- Oil, ery and Appli-
Glass, ances,
000,000 while that received by the T'nit- Electrical Supclv
ed States government from New York and
Belting,
state is about $23,000,000. This does Apparatus, Boiler,
not include the tax on real a_nd per- Asphalt, Bottle Labeling
sonal property connected with and Tinsmith, Machine,
owned by those engaged in the various Roofing, Bottlers' Supply,
branches of the liquor traffic. The la- Paint, Bottle Wrapper,
bor displacement, depreciation of real Varnish Printer,
estate, and destruction of personal Brush, Beer Box.
property consequent upon prohibition Hotels, restaurants, and clubs are
would be enormous. vitally concerned. Without the priv-
ilege of dispensing alcoholic beverages
The report of the Census Bureau De- many of them would fall into insolvency
partment of Commerce and Labor, for and collapse for the want of sufficient
1909, gives this information regarding income to maintain them. Schools are
the brewing industry of the United maintained, beneficient public institu-
States: tions are reared and supported and im-
Number of officials and portant public works are made possible
clerks 11,500 by the revenue obtained from and
Number of wage earners em- through the liquor traffic. Not only
ployed 54,579 does the government machinery of the
Bottlers (including clerks state and nation draw extensively from
and wage earners) 10,519 the taxation of the liquor traffic, but
all institutions benefit immensely from
Brewing industry paid in voluntary contributions made by the
wages, 1909 $ 64,010,000 thousands of persons interested in the
Bottling industry pays in traffic in liquors in one way or the
wages, annually 6,837,350 other. If the income of these persons
Cost of material used by is cut off by national prohibition, not
brewers in 1909 96,596,000 only will the revenue herein above
Miscellaneous expenses mentioned be lost, but also these con-
amounted to $139,537,000 tributions.
Police History 17

JOSEPH KIPLEY
Chief of Police
1897-1901

FRANCIS O'NEILL
Chief of Police
1901-05
18 P o c H o

POLARINE is the one motor

oilof universal utility. It furnish-
es perfect lubrication in every
type and make of standarized
automobile engine.

POLARINE is equally ser-

viceable summer or winter. It
flows freely at sero and main-
tains the correct lubricating
body at any motor speed or
temperature.

POLARINE is made from oils

which most refiners consider a
finished product. After careful
re-refining we filter it to remove
every trace of free carbon. That
is why the motorists of the
Middle-West used 8,444,750 gal-
lons last year.

Try it in your engine.

STANDARD OIL
(INDIANA)
COMPANY
72 WEST ADAMS STREET CHICAGO
O I I c H o y 19

JOHN M. COLLINS
Chief of Police
1905-07

GEO. M. SHIPPY
Chief of Police
1907-09
20 P o I i H o y

"WHITE"
TOWN CAR
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimimiiiiiiiilllliliiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiii

'T'HE White Town Car intro-

duces in this country the v

appropriate conveyance for City

driving. It has the short turn- ;

ing radius, light weight and

smart lines of the European
Coupe de Ville. The body is >

custom designed, with interior

appointments as much out of
the ordinary as they are ultra
refined.

There is nothing in Chicago

more beautiful or more fitting
for fashionable uses.

liiiliiiiiiiiiiiillllilllilililiiiiiiiiilililiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiin

THE WHITE CO.

2635-45 Wabash Avenue, Chicago
o H y 21

LEROY T. STEWART
Chief of Police
1909-11

JOHN MCWEENY
Chief of Police
1911-13
22 P o I I H o y

Have You
Ever Eaten the Delicious Little Sausages Oscar
Mayer Makes ?
Those who care for dainty foods those who know ;

purity and who are content with nothing less than

the best, demand the delicious little sausages made by
Oscar Mayer.
Oscar Mayer uses the best cuttings of tender young
pork and the purest seasoning and still is able to sell
this, his best farm style sausage, at a price all can afford

Oscar Mayer's
WEST BEND FARM
SA U S A G E
In 1-pound cartons only, bearing the name "Oscar
Mayer" in two forms tender links and ground meat
to form into cakes.
Ask your meat dealer or grocer to GET it for you
if he does not carry it. Phone us and we will tell yon
vho does carry it.
CHICAGO DEALERS: Phone us. Our wide-awake and
courteous delivery salesmen will giveyou our usual
prompt delivery service.
OUT-OF-TOWN DEALERS: Write at once for special
proposition for daily and weekly shipments.
BROKERS WRITE: We have some territory open for
live Hrr.kers.
Phone Superior 8500

MEAT DELICACIES
Oscar F. Mayer & Bro.
P o 1 i c e H i s t o y 23

JAMES GLEASON
Chief of Police
1912-15
24 Police Hi] story
Grand Prix and Gold
Medal
Awarded by the
Panama- Pacific Inter-
national Exposition
to the

"WORLD'S BEST"

MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS

U. 5. Slicing Machine Co.

189 North Dearborn Street

CHICAGO

General Offices and Factory, LA PORTE, IND.

 o H o y 25

(fi

WHEELKR BARTROM
President
Police Pensioner's Protective Ass'n
26 Police History

BARTLETT
FRAZIER
CO.
Commission
Merchants

GRAIN AND
PROVISIONS

STOCKS AND
BONDS

Western Union Building

CHICAGO
Phone Wabash 2317
Police History 27

^UIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIilllllllllllllllllllV:

PETER LYNCH
Treasurer
Police Pensioner's Protective Association

riiiiiiiii'iiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiii:
28 P o I i H o

P
THIS 8-ROOM BRICK BUNGALOW 1
BUILT ON YOUR LOT
$500 $30
Cash $4550
Gives you the best in design, material and workmanship.
Monthly

Ready now for inspection.

Large living room with big brick open fireplace and bookcases.
Attractive dining room with massive buffet.
Convenient and "homey" kitchen; enameled steel cabinet in
addition to pantry.
Tile walls and floor in'bath: nickel plated hardware.
Linen closet. Five large closets.
Four attractive bedrooms and sleeping porch.
Oak, mahogany and enameled trim.
Choice in electric light fixtures. Hot water heat and gas
water heater.
We also build attractive, well renting flats and apartments.

W. F. Kaiser &
Co., Home Builders
60 W. Washington St.
Police Hi story 29

CAPT. AUGUST BLETTNER

Retired
Police Pensioner's Protective Ass'n
30 Police History
A. E MARTENS & CO.
(Members Toronto Stock Exchange)

Canadian Securities
810 Harris Trust Building Central 4313

Consumers Power Company

Six Per Cent Cumulative Preferred Stock
The Consumers Power Company of Michigan serves with
light and power a population of 450,000, situated in the rich-
est section of the State of Michigan. Very satisfactory
earnings and tangible assets make the Preferred Stock of
this Company, which yields 6.25%, a very attractive invest-
ment. A full description may be had by sending for Cir-
cular 29.
nC r
HuDENrYL, HARDY & CUi R?st Nalional Bank Bldg., Chicago

FREE OF FEDERAL INCOME TAX

Write or Phone for February Circular No. 1000.

Municipal 'Bonds
Yielding 4^ % to S% % per annum. Denominations $100 to $1000-
Single Bonds Sold.

THE HANCHETT BOND Municipal Bonds

CO.
Telephones Central 4533-4534 39 S. La Salle St., Chicago

Babcock, Rushton & Co.

Stocks Bonds Grain Provisions
Investment Securities
Members- New York Stock Exchange, Chicago Stock Exchange,
Chicago Board of Trade.

"The Rookery," Chicago 7 Wall Street, New York

 olice History 31

Chiefs of Police of the City of Chicago

W. W.KENNEDY. Appointed April, 1871

ELMER WASHBURN Appointed April, 1872
JACOB REHM Appointed December, 1873
MICHAEL C. HICKEY Appointed October 7, 1875
VALORUS A. SEAVEY Appointed July 30, 1878

SIMON O'DONNELL Appointed December 15, 1879

WILLIAM J. McGARIGLE Appointed December 13, 1880
AUSTIN J. DOYLE Appointed November 13, 1882

FREDERICK EBERSOLD Appointed October 26, 1885

GEORGE W. HUB BARD Appointed April 17, 1888

FREDERICK H. MARSH Appointed January i, 1890

ROBERT W. McCLAUGHRY Appointed May 18, 1891
MICHAEL BRENNAN Appointed September n, 1893
JOHN J. BADENOCH Appointed April 1 1 , 1895

JOSEPH KIPLEY Appointed April 16, 1897

FRANCIS O'NEILL Appointed April 30, 1901

FRANCIS O'NEILL Re-appointed June 26, 1905

JOHN M. COLLINS Appointed July 26, 1905

GEORGE M. SHIPPY Appointed April 15, 1907

LEROY T. STEWARD Appointed August 15, 1909
JOHN McWEENY Appointed May i, 1911

JAMES GLEASON Appointed November 3, 1913

CHAS. C. HEALEY Appointed April 26, 1915
32 Police History
An active ex-
,^ Is faviiig 1 7 8 8
'
X
perience dated J^A ^^ B^. pounds of coal
from 1884 A
Mw a/-
% M M\.
"^K -te
IkY
'"JB
^\ f I 1C I* l^fl "" '""' '" C/""
6acA o/
paratus.
^^JimJ Jrm!^ MXJWJ[^ ^[ cn^-o building,

System of Vacuum Heating

County
Building
Over 7800 other buildings of every size and
description are heated by one of our sys-
tems. Literature gladly sent upon request.

CONSOLIDATED ENGINEERING Co.

Main Office and Factory, 28th Place and Shields Avenue, Chicago

Bush & Gerts Piano Co,

MANUFACTURERS OF

Fine Pianos

Office, Salesroom and Factory

Weed and Dayton Sts.

Telephone Lincoln 2163 CHICAGO

 olice History 33

CHICAGO IN ITS INFANCY.

T7*IGHTY-SIX years ago on the southwestern edge of Lake

Michigan that was a swampy little village known to the world as
*-**

Chicago. A frontier trading post, it became the rendezvous for

traders, settlers, Indians and men who were wanted in Eastern states
for crimes they came West to escape facing. So in the beginning it
gained a reputation which never has been lived down. Chicago always
has been known as the "Criminal's Mecca." And in consequence, the
police force has been the hardest worked in the United States.

In 1830 the Fort Dearborn massacre was called history. There

were 30 votes in the village. The town had not yet been organized
so the citizens themselves had to keep law and order. It so happened
that when a crime was committed the population sank. The crim-
inals were told to get out of town. They invariably obeyed.

At this date Chicago was crowded with Indians. The stock in

trade of the early merchants was fire-water. When a drunken Indian
whooped through the village one of the settlers would seek out his
squaw who took their drunken braves in hand.

The was a pound which cost

first jail $12. It was erected shortly
after the town was organized in 1833 for who did not like to
citizens
have neighbors' domestic animals run over their property.
their
Drunken vagrants were occasionally placed in the pound to sober up.

As the wealth of the community grew, crime increased. Archibald

Clybourn was the first constable. The first crime of which there is
any record set a precedent which is followed to this day by many
defendants. A boarder in the village robbed another of $34. The
suspect was arrested by a constable called Reed who was a carpenter.
He was taken to Reed's shop which was used as a sweat box. There
he confessed and was released on a straw bond. He jumped his bail.

At this date the police force consisted of one man. In order to

keep the court busy and to punish law breakers an ordinance was
passed allowing half the fine collected from the defendant to be given
to the person who caused his arrest. Needless to say, the people
stood by each other and the common council in 1834 appointed John
Shrigley the first high constable and allowed him three assistants.

Chicago was then a wide open frontier town. There were more
saloons and gambling houses than trading stores. At the next meet-
ing of the aldermen an ordinance was passed closing the saloons on
34 o I i c e H i o

WE ARE HEADQUARTERS FOR

Medical and Surgical Supplies and Drug Sundries

Elastic Stockings,
Abdominal
Supporters, ARCH
Suspensories, INSTEP
INVALID Trusses, etc. SUPPORTERS
ROLLING CHAIRS .Needed by 50% of
We sell at factory those who are on
prices direct to you, their feet constant-
or rent them at a PRESCRIPTIONS All styles and
small monthly rental. ly.
Carried in stock at CAREFULLY sizes at Manufac-
our Chicago Sales- COMPOUNDED turers prices.
room.

FRANK S. BETZ CO.

3O .
Randolph Street, 3rd Floor
Chicago, 111.

Factory and General Office -

HAMMOND, IND.

CHICAGO BRIDGE AND IRON WORKS

We vSpecialize in the Design,
Manufacture and Erection of

ELEVATED STEEL TANKS

AND STAND PIPES
FOR
MUNICIPAL - RAILROAD - FACTORY
SERVICE
We also Build
OIL TANKS
COALING STATIONS
BRIDGES
STRUCTURAL WORK
ALL CLASSES OF PLATE WORK
~1 Charlotte, N. C., Room 501-3 Realty Bldg.
Chicago, 111., 2016 Old Colony Bldg.
New York, N. Y., 3113 Hudson Terminal Bldg.
OFFICES \ Dallas, Tex., 1608 Praetorian Bldg.
I
Greenville, Pa 104 Pine St.
,

Bridgeburg, Out., Can,, 128 Janet St.

)
Monticello, Fla., Box No. 387

SHOPS: Chicago, 111.; Greenville, Pa. (Pittsburgh District);

Bridgeburg, Out., Can.
Write our Nearest Office today for Catalogue No. 4
> o I i e e History 35

Sunday and forbidding gambling houses to operate. The council

was vainly trying to rid the city of the unsavory reputation it had
gathered in the East.

There is no record in these days whether or not the police closed

the saloons and gambling houses. The early constables had a hard
time of it. Three companies of infantry were still stationed at the
fort and a feud developed between them and the residents of the town.
Everytime a squad of soldiers got off duty there was a riot. In
1839 Sam Lowe was appointed high constable. His title changed
three times while he held that office. First he was high, then chief
constable, and a month later the council called him Chief of the City
Watch and later changed it to City Marshal. Lowe was obliged to
make a monthly report of all crime to the council. Saved of the ruin
left by the Chicago fire is the memoranda that the council voted him
$30 at one time for his extraordinary services in riots. There is no
record of the deed or deeds Lowe performed to be voted this money.

The population of Chicago was then nearly 7,000. Street fights

and saloon brawls increased. Numerous dogs roamed the streets and
complaints were made to the aldermen that "numerous small pigs and
fowl were running at large in the six ward." The newspapers then
opened fire on Lowe and his assistant, Huntoon, and then, as now,
the police force survived the attack. No increase was made although
assistance was granted them on election day and the 4th of July.
%
Orson Smith was the first regularly elected constable. He took
up his duties in 1851. It was during his administration that the first
bridewell was erected. Up to this time- prisoners had been com-
pelled to serve out their time by repairing and cleaning the streets
with a ball and chain attached to the left leg. The city council finally
thought it would be cheaper to build a jail than pay the blacksmith
bill for the numerous balls and chains attached to the prisoners.

Shortly after Orson took office the first record of a constable being
slugged is noted. Constable Hines interrupted a brawl between
soldiers and citizens and had his head split open with his own club.
Three other constables came to his assistance and after knocking the
soldiers down with their clubs they "dragged them bleeding to the
calaboose" they didn't have to worry about complaints in those days.

Burglaries and robberies, shootings and garrotings increased.

Sandbagging was a popular sport among certain residents and men
became accustomed to ask a neighbor or two to walk out with them
after night fall. The newspapers at this time didn't blame the police
force so much as they blamed the council for not providing more
men. The growth of the city continued. Thousands of people
arrived every week. The confidence man and the gambler chummed
together. The resorts grew infamous, notorious; then famous. Citi-
zens thought it a compliment that the city should be likened to Paris.

Crime is the companion of wealth and great fortunes, and num-

erous criminals were springing up. After the Great Fire preachers
36 o H o

Elgin Six
Chicago's Own Car
Two shrill blasts from his whistle and the traffic
officer smiles with pleasure as you glide by in the

'845 ELGIN SIX the

simplified assembly of highest

grade standard parts and materials yours at a price

and no freight
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 O lice History 37

throughout the country called it the fall of the second Sodom, and
mentioned it as a visitation from any angry Providence.

Chicago boasted a population of more than 62,000 inhabitants in

1854. More than half of these people were foreign born. It was at
this time that Know-nothingism sprang up. Senator Stephen Douglas
took a stand and made a speach in the East stepping on the toes of
very nearly all of the political factions in Chicago. A warm reception
was promised him when he came to Chicago.

Douglas kept his word and only a bodyguard consisting of the

entire police force prevented him from being mobbed. The "riot"
consisted of all the men folks of the town turning out to verbally
lambast the Senator. It is reported that women blocks away stuffed
cotton in their ears and that Douglas obtained one of the finest col-
lections of swear words in the United States. However, he seldom
used them, so the efforts of the people of Chicago were wasted.

The anti-Catholic feeling, the temperance issue and the Know-

nothing campaign were all brought forward in the mayoralty cam-
paign of 1855. Dr. Levi Boone the "knowing" candidate was elected.
Fifty-five policemen, all native born, were appointed to the force.
Marshal Darius Knight remained, but Cyrus Bradley was the real
chief of the force.

The temperance move was used by Dr. Boone, who was a grog
drinker himself, to strike at the Germans. On his recommendation
the saloon licei^ge was raised from $50 to $300. As the anger of the
Northsiders grew, Mayor Boone decided to close the saloons on
Sunday, that is, he tried to. Four hundred German saloonkeepers
were arrested.
38 Police History
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Telephone Wabash 4251
 o History 39

Mayors and the Police Force

three police stations Chicago had in 1855 were all located

THE
on the second floor. The police department budget was less
than $100,000. In '56 and '57 hard times came. Burglaries occurred
nightly, daylight robberies were frequent. The 90 policemen Chi-
cago had at that time were denounced for not being able to chase
the crooks from town. One of the papers caustically asked if they
wanted the population cut in half. Election days were riotous, one
man was being killed at the polls, and a number injured.

When John Wentworth took his seat as mayor in '57 he decided

to clean up. The first object of his attack was "The Sands," a group
of buildings located on the lake shore in the northern division of the
city. Nine houses and shanties stood on a sand dune whose owner-
ship was being disputed in the United States distiict courts. None
of the litigants had the fortitude to try to oust the occupants. Re-
peated appeals were made to the mayor.

One day a story appeared simultaneously in all of the papers of

a dog which was going to be held in the north-
fight for a large purse
western part of the city. Stories followed of the dogs, the condi-
tionsand of the purse. Public interest was high.

On the day of the fight a deputy sheriff with writs of ejectment,

accompanied by Mayor Wentworth with thirty policemen and a
large posse of citizens, marched over to "The Sands." The male
population was at the dog fight. The women were given time to re-
move their furniture and effects into the road and hooks and chains
were used to pull down five disorderly houses and four shanties.

Six houses were left, the occupants promising to vacate them

later. The next day they were burned to the ground, presumably in
revenge. People who had lived in "The Sands" moved into Chicago
and for the next six months the police were busy raiding new brothels
and dives which sprang up.

At time Mayor Wentworth took personal charge of the police

this
force. Because of newspaper attacks he caused weekly reports to
be made to him. Robberies averaged fifty a week and the number
of burglaries also ran into two figures. Gambling resorts had run
wide open in the prosperous times previous to his administration and
he undertook to close them.

One July evening Captain Yates raided the largest gaming house
in the city, which was located on Randolph street near Clark. Eighteen
40 Police History
Municipal and Corporation
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>olice History 41

men were arrested and subsequently discharged. The police depart-

ment was discouraged. No further raids are recorded.
Late in October the police assisted in a $500,000 fire which swept
the block at South Water and Lake streets, killing eighteen people.
The fire caused a panic and Captain Yates worked day and night
with his men to prevent wholesale robberies.

Mayor Wentworth went out of office with the general clamor for
a change from conditions which had resulted in the worst year,
economically, Chicago had ever experienced. There was literally
nothing doing. Even the newspapers reduced their size to remain
alive.

John Haines, who succeeded Wentworth, was an optimist. From

their sober uniforms and leather badges the police force blossomed
forth in bright blue uniforms with gold trimmed blue caps and a
brass star. A few of the leather badges are still in existence, pre-
served as curiosities. The bright plumage was discarded two years
later when Wentworth was re-elected mayor.

Under Haines, Jacob Rehm became city marshal and J. M. Kennedy

captain of police. Their salaries were $1,500.

With Wentworth's second administration came the creation of a

police board of three commissioners by the legislature to relieve
future mayors of the duty of caring for the force. Public opinion
created this board. Wentworth had cut down the force to a captain,
six lieutenants and fifty patrolmen. It proved inadequate and for
the sake of his economical policy, as he called it, the city was left
easy prey to criminals which crowded Chicago the four years pre-
ceding the war.

So much criticism was incurred that a complaint board was

created. Later it was discontinued for the same reason.

The new law prescribed a general superintendent, a deputy super-

intendent, three
captains, six sergeants, sixty policemen, and as
many more of the latter as the city council saw fit to appoint. The
governor appointed the commissioners.

Wentworth was offended. The organization he had built up was

going to be shattered. Many of his henchmen were going to be dis-
charged. Accordingly, on March 21, 1861, when the police board
was holding its first meeting, he instructed every member of the
force to appear at the city hall. The board was holding its first
meeting in the basement. Shortly after it had adjourned and after
he knew what it was going to do, he made a speech. He told the
men they constituted the best and most efficient police department
the city had ever had. He also lauded the retiring administration,
saying it was the "most economical the city had ever had." Then
he told them of the new police board, how it intended to discharge
every one of them. Rather than have them undergo this humiliation,
he said, he would discharge them himsel. He did so and from two
till ten o'clock that
morning the city was without police protection.
42 Police H o

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W. D. SETHNESS, Vice-President R. E. SETHNESS, Treasurer

SETHNESS COMPANY
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718 North Curtis Street CHICAGO

:> lice History 43

Citizens called his action dislovn 1

. reckless and disgraceful. The
police board appointed a new force the same morning.

Cyrus Bradley was appointed superintendent and he, in turn, ap-

pointed Capt. John Nelson as his deputy. On the evening of June
18 Wentworth called the new police force to the city hall and or-
dered them to remove every overhanging sign, awning and post which
obstructed the sidewalk. Merchants had constructed permanent
awnings under which to display their goods. Wentworth's orders
were carried out and the goods were placed at the north end of
South Market Hall, on State street. There was much complaining
by merchants, but for once "Long John" had public opinion on his
side.

In '61 Julian Rumsey succeeded Wentworth. On the police board

William Coventry represented the North Division, Williajn Wayman
the West and Frederick Tuttle the South Division. Under Rumsey
they made numerous changes and improvements. Bradley disciplined
the men severely, and men under him proved to be of great value in
detaining conscripts, arresting deserters and assisting the government
in the capture of counterfeiters.

When Bradley resigned in '63, Jacob Rehm was promoted to the

superintendency. When he attempted to resign a month later for
unknown reasons the board refused to accept his resignation. Bradley
was made secretary of the board and a change in the law made the
mayor an ex-officio member.

Under Rehm the city was divided into precincts. The 150,000
people in Chicago being divided into three districts. Rehm served
the first year of the administration of Francis Sherman, the first
mayor elected for the two-year term. There is little record of the
work of the administration during war times.

Capt. William Tuttle was made general superintendent when Rehm's

resignation was accepted in '64. It was during the first few months
of his command that the fire alarm telegraph service was installed
with 165 boxes. The population was then estimated approximately
200,000 and the years '64 and '65 saw a large number of public im-
provements carried out. Seventeen miles of wooden water pipes were
laid, the letter delivery service went into effect, the first lake water
tunnel was completed and the leveling of the Illinois Canal, to purify
the then "obnoxious" river was accomplished.

The second year of the war proved an exciting one for the police
department. Bad men from the West came to Chicago and turned
confidence men. A clique of sluggers grew into power and the police
force had numerous pitched battles with them.

Patrolman James Powers became noted in these scraps for com-

ing out unscratched. But in the winter of '62 he met his Waterloo
in the shape of "Big Denny" O'Brien, an Iowa tough, who visited

Chicago for a three weeks' drunk, O'Brien was "whooping it up"

44 Police History
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 o History 45

one day, driving up and down Clark street, breaking the speed limit.
Powers halted him and was attacked and terribly beaten with his
own club. O'Brien escape. Months later, when just back on the
force Powers was thrown against a curbstone in a fight with a
burglar and received internal injuries. He was granted a furlough
and a few weeks later dropped dead.

Under the leadership of Chief Bradley, Capt. Nelson performed

many deeds which were long remembered. Chief among them was
his arrest of "Captain" Hyman, a professional gambler who oc-
casionally paraded through town with two guns defying arrest. Nelson
one day walked into a hotel where Hyman had taken possession
and captured him singlehanded. Later the gambler admitted that
Nelson was the only man on earth that he feared.

In '64, when the Chicago Times was suppressed by General Burn-

side, it took the whole police force to maintain order. A few days
later they were again called to prevent the lynching of a "rebel"
speaker who persisted in abusing President Lincoln before un-
sympathetic audiences.

The famous, or infamous, Garrity brothers were then in their

prime and many are the deeds told of these two men who caused
the police trouble for years. Mike Garrity disarmed and beat De-
tective Bellinger who attempted to arrest him for burglary. The
fight was witnessed by hundreds, yet Garrity escaped to be arrested
and sent to prison later.

The "stay-at-homes" were making money and the number of

gambling resorts grew till at last the police decided to make another
attempt to close them up. It was decided to "pinch the classiest

joint intown for a test case" and the first raid was made on a resort
owned by Frank Connelly which was located over the Senate, a
saloon at Dearborn and Randolph streets. Several prominent busi-
ness men were arrested. Connelly provided carriages to take his
patrons to the station and later paid the fines of the whole party.
He opened up the next day as though nothing had occurred.

In an old frame building on Monroe street there was a negro

gambling parlor which the police decided to put out of business.
The raid was made during a snowstorm and while attempting to
find the glass skylight Patrolman Pilgrim fell through right on top
of a "crap table" where he was bruised by the dice. Several of the
negroes jumped through windows. They were all captured and the
police succeeded in closing the place. The proprietor attempted to
pay all the fines as Connelly had done, and went bankrupt.

Immediately following the war the population of Chicago took

another jump. Disbanding armies glutted the labor market and
wages in many instances went from $10 to $2 a day. Some took it
philosophically, others quit work altogether and took to easier ways
of making money not altogether honest,
46 Police History
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Police History 47

New buildings were constantly going up and the state legislature

thought the city council so incompetent that they turned over to
the control of the police board all matters pertaining to health and
fire conditions. So much of the time of the board was taken by
this fresh load of duties that the police department suffered. The
entire force in 1866 consisted of 166 men who manned three precinct
stations and three substations.

Under Mayor John Rice's administration in '66 Jacob Rehm again

took command of the force supplanting Turtle who resigned. An
official report of the work the department accomplished says:

There were 23,315 arrests made.

Fines amounted to $143,821.
Stolen property reported, $268,432.
Stolen property recovered, $206,003.

The
principal charges then were: Arson, 100; adultery, 50; assault
with intent to kill, 104; assault with deadly weapon, 83; assault with
intent to rob, 17; assault to commit bodily injury, 54; burglary, 127;
forgery, 64; inmates of disorderly resorts, 1,670; keeping disorderly
resort, 542; larceny, 1,765; murder, 3; riot, 340; rape, 3; robbery,
66. This has been declared one of the most remarkable reports in
the history of the department. When the report was made public the
newspapers were for once abashed. They united "in handing the
palm" to the department.

Public feeling went clear up to the legislature and the police com-
missioners were instructed hereafter to devote their whole time to
their jobs. A raise in salary was provided for everyone; the com-
missioner's was fixed at $2,500, the general superintendent's not more
than $3,000, captain's $2,000 and sergeant's $1,500.

The year 1871 was ushered in with R. B. Mason serving his sec-
ond year as mayor. New buildings were springing up from great
"war fortunes" and whole blocks of shacks were being replaced with
brick and granite structure. Real estate speculators were busy and
the attention of the country was centered on Chicago, the "swiftest"
city as it was called.
48 Police History
C. P. Kimball
BUILDERS OF
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SAMUEL S. HUTCHINSON
President

Chicago, Illinois
 olice History 49

CHAPTER III

THE FIRE
to be regretted that no more facts are recorded regarding
is
ITthe bravery and supreme self-sacrifice of the police force in the
great holocaust which swept Chicago on the 8th, 9th, and 10th days
of October, 1871. The police force consisted of 310 men, all told.
One hundred and fifty of them were burned out, yet they remained on
duty, not knowing where their families were, not attempting to save
their property, but calm, and with wonderful discipline they strove
with the fire department to quench the flames, and when failing,
went to the assistance of terror stricken and horror numbed people
aimlessly fleeing the flames.

W. W. Kennedy was superintendent and Wells Sherman was his

deputy at this time. In the red days and black nights following the
fire they patrolled the waste of ashes, never eating sitting down and

sleeping in naps. More than 75,000 people were homeless. Thou-

sands more were panic-stricken by wild rumors circulating that
bands of thugs were going about sacking districts which had escaped.

Hundreds of ghouls were reported combing the ruins and patrol

parties were organized to help the police. There was little co-opera-
tion between these self-constituted bands of law preservers, and short
shriftwas given those found in the ruins. Several mistakes were
made and the exact number of thieves and innocent persons has never-
been computed. Panicky and inexperienced, these bands increased
confusion and when the troops reported for duty the members of
the force were allowed to sleep two days to catch up.

A regiment of old soldiers was sworn in for twenty days' duty

by Lieut.General Sheridan and he was intrusted by the mayor to
police the city. From the llth to the 23rd of October his troops
remained on guard. The end of this military rule was hastened when
a citizen was shot by a soldier when he refused to obey a command
to halt. The police board was put out over the mayor's action em-
powering Sheridan as chief of police and sharp correspondence was
exchanged before the shooting occurred.

The department lost properties valued at $72,680 in the

police
fire._ Among them
were 620 muskets and six brass cannons with
equipment which were destroyed. These two items have never been
replaced. Property valued at $20,000 in the hands of the police
custodian also was lost.

The fire was made an election issue as Joseph Medill, the "fire
proof" candidate was elected overwhelmingly. The people held the
administration responsible for the calamity.
50 Police History
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Police History 51

The following Resolution was issued when the fire practically

had been brought under control :

WHEREAS, in the providence of God, to whose will we hum-

bly submit, a terrible calamity has befallen our city, which de-
mands of us our best efforts for the preservation of order and
the reliefe of suffering.
Be it known that the faith and credit of the city of Chicago is
herey pledged for the necessary expenses for the relief of the
suffering. Public order will be preserved. The police and special
police now being appointed will be responsible for the mainte-
nance of peace and the protection of property. All officers and
men of the fire department and of the health department will act
as special police without further notice. The mayor and comp-
troller will give vouchers for all supplies furnished by the differ-
ent relief committees. The headquarters of the city government
will be at the Congregational Church, corner of West Washington
and Ann streets. All persons are warned against any acts tending
to endanger property. All persons caught in any depredations
will be immediately arrested.
With the help of God, order and peace and private property
shall be preserved. The city government and committees of citi-
zens pledge themselves to the community to protect them and
prepare the way for a restoration of public and private welfare.
It is believed that the fire has spent its force and all will soon
be well.
R. B. Mason, Mayor.
George Taylor, Comptroller.
Charles C. P. Holden, President Common Council.
T. P. Brown, President Board of Police.
Chicago, October 9th, 1871.

The story of the bravery and fortitude of the force during the
firebore fruit and a month afterwards it was announced that
$10,044.66 had been received from the following sources:
Boston police department $1,384.00
Brooklyn police department 3,047.71
Baltimore police department 925.00
Cleveland police department 2,000.00
Buffalo police department 500.00
Milwaukee police department 200.00
Louisville police department 300.00
Worcester police department 165.00
Memphis police department 189.00
Quebec police department 40.25
New Orleans police department 56.75
St. Louis police department 1,100.00
Massachusetts constabulary 212.00
Sullivan & Blanchard, Detroit 25.00

This money was devoted to those policemen who had lost

everything in the fire. Grateful letters were written by Chief
Kennedy for this tribute to his men.
52 Police History
Garfield Park Storage
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Phones Kedzie 827 and 828

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1400 Michigan Avenue
flANUFACTURERS AND JOBBERS OF

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 olice History 53

CHAPTER IV

HARD TIMES AND RIOT FOL-

LOWING THE FIRE
Immediately following the fire police headquarters were estab-
lished in a school house at Wabash avenue and Harrison street.
A few weeks later they were moved to another school building
at Harrison street and Pacific avenue, where they remained till
the new Armory was completed. In 1873 the present East Chi-

cago avenue station was opened with much ceremony. It was

a palatial building at that time and even now it is better than the
miserable quarters which the police department calls its quarters.
This building cost slightly more than $24,000.

The police and fire departments had been paid the Saturday
preceding the catastrophe and so were in a position to do all in

their power to help reorganize the city.

The years of '71 and '72 were ushered in with prosperous

times. In '71 the population increased at the rate of 5,000 a
week. Work was plentiful. Still the criminal element grew.
The had destroyed landmarks, it had purified slums, and
fire

also had turned some respectable neighborhoods into disreput-

able slums. Gangs of criminals hid in the ruins and in the ris-
ing buildings. In their efforts to cope with the thugs, sluggers,
burglars and footpads, the force had been compelled to allow
the gambler, the disorderly resort, the confidence men and bunco
steerers, practically to go unmolested.
Then reformers came to the front. A Committee of Seventy
was organized. Speeches were made and pressure was brought
to bear on Mayor Medill to close up the town, to enforce the
Sunday closing law and to oust the gamblers. A committee of
fifteen called on the mayor. He yielded but little and to capitu-
late he dismissed Supt. Kennedy and appointed Elmer Wash-
burn head of the force. Washburn, formerly a secret service
man, had a weakness for orders. He rarely said or did anything.
Everything came from him in the form of an order. Mayor
Medill's attempt to enforce the Sunday closing order caused his
defeat in the next election and Washburn was succeeded by Jacob
Rehni as superintendent of police.
54 Police History
S)iamon> TC /Ifootor
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410-432 West Superior Street
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Compliments

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Street South of

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ffice, 18th jFioor flDallers

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Police History 55

While the panic of '71 was upon the country Chicago was
prosperous and it was not until the fall of 1872 that poverty and
want reared their heads in the city. Wages began to decline,
the thousands of immigrants were unable to obtain work, and
lawlessness increased.

Workingmen held mass meetings and forming in line they

marched upon the city hall to demand "work for all" and that
the city appropriate money to care for the poverty stricken if

necessary. The police saw 15,000 men march in a silent parade

upon the city hall, present their demands to the common council,
and disperse in perfect order. Later the council replied that they
did not have the money needed for this work.

Attention was then directed to the $3,000,000 fund donated by

the world to the Chicago fire victims, which was being held by
the Relief and Aid Society. Another delegation asked the city
to take over this money to relieve the unemployed. \Vorking-
men asserted this fundwas being used for speculation for the
benefit of the of the society. The situation was ignored
members
by the directors of that institution. C. G. Trusdell, its president,
told a reporter that he never read the newspapers and that he
didn't think there was anything unusual in the situation with
which the city was confronted This so inflamed the public that
tremendous crowds gathered at the offices of the society on La
Salle street. The police, under the direction of Joseph Dixon
and Captain M. C. Hickey disbanded the crowd with little trouble.
Early inhabitants called this the "bread riot."

Conditions grew worse. The riots of '77 resulted.

Before relating that bit of history it may be well to mention

few facts found relative to the department at that time. In '74
a larger appropriation for the department was asked and the
police board submitted the following figures to support their
demands.
Number of men in the
department Superintendent, three cap-
:

tains, 17 sergeants and 525 patrolmen.

Number of men on duty at one time ........................................ 244

Average number of acres to a beat .......................................... 93^2

Average number of miles to a beat

The increase was granted. In '75 was proposed to add 150

it

men to the force. It was in the skirmish for more cash to pro-
vide these men that the office of the city marshal was done away
with.
56 Police Histor
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>olice History 57

It was this year that the amount of goods stolen decreased from

$347,598 to $182,590. Thirteen policemen were injured making

arrests.The number of police precincts was increased to four,
West Chicago being counted as one.

In 1876 the unemployed began to crowd the streets and serious

trouble arose in the lumber district where some Bohemians went
on strike to prevent a further pay decrease. Numbers of arrests
were made and the police in preventing meetings prevented riots.
Individual encounters were many and a large number of the
strikers were killed and injured in making attacks on men who
took their jobs.

As Socialism and the labor movement grew closer together a

black cloud hovered over the country. Everywhere wages were
being cut. The Baltimore and Ohio railroad after already reduc-
ing its wages 25% decided to make another decrease of 10%.

Somewhere down in Pennsylvania a group of men went on strike.

It spread. The road was tied up. Workingmen struck on other
roads in sympathy. On July 19, 1877, the United States was tied
up by a gigantic railroad strike. Serious riots occurred in Penn-
sylvania and Ohio. A general strike swept the East. It advanced
to Pittsburgh. Chicago was horrified by the report that Pitts-
burgh was in the hands of a mob. Chicago was thrilled when the
New York police force attacked a parade of 180,000 working-
men and the list of injured was reported to be in the hundreds.

Sunday, July 22, alwayswill be remembered in the history of

Chicago. was
It the day when the Chicago Daily News was born.
It was a day when the churches were empty, when preachers in

solitude offered up prayers to the Almighty to save the nation

from the calamity impending. Downtown streets were crowded.
Orators told of the millineum from soap boxes while the crowds
discussed the bulletins from the East. The bulletins were not the
only subject of discussion. Wages had gone down from $10 a
day to $2.

In 1874 24,899 arrests were made, the majority of them being

tradesmen out of work. Under the rule of Supt. Washburn and
the police force were kept busy "rounding up the boes" bringing
them in batches before the police justices, who gave them a time
limit to "get out of town." The bridewell was overcrowded. And
crime increased.

In the early weeks of July great mass meetings had been held
and always ended in a parade. A startling banner inscribed "Bread
58 o H i

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Police History 59

or Blood'' was held aloft and cheered by the crowd. The police
did not interfere. The mayor and aldermen counseled patience.
They thought the agitation would die a natural death, as it had
done in preceding years.

On this Sunday the governing heads of the city realized that

news from Pittsburgh would involve Chicago into like riots. A
delegation of citizens called at the Daily News and asked the
editor to suspend publication till the trouble had died down. The
editor refused, with a piece of telegraph tape in his hand. Com-
munists, socialists and anarchists held meetings that night and
couriers went from place to place, calling on everyone to be pres-
ent at a giant demonstration to be held on Market street between

Washington and Madison. The meeting Monday night was called

a success by the radical papers. Street cars were blocked while

speakers harangued the crowds from improvised platforms.

Albert Parsons, later hung for his participation in the Haymarket
riot, was one of the speakers, most of whom counseled prudence
and caution.

Mayor Heath hadissued orders that no interference be given to

the meeting. Detectives and policemen mingled with the crowd
which was orderly. The crowd went home at 10 o'clock. Next
day trouble began. Policemen had been ordered held in readi-

ness at the different stations and early in the morning the tele-
graph instruments began to bring in news of movements of mobs
in the factory districts forcing the workmen to come
who were
out on strike. A squad
of 25 police under Captain Seavey met one
of these groups and broke it up at Union and Canal streets. An-
other crowd threatening to sack a gun store on State street was
broken up by Lieutenant Bell with a squad.

Superintendent M. C. Hickey then ordered all pawnbrokers to

hide their weapons. Strikes continued to be called all afternoon.
Mobs grew in size and the police force became weary of rushing
from one point to another to break up the straggling crowds which
fled before them only to reappear in formation, blocks distant.

Another Market meeting was called for Tuesday even-

street

ing. Fearing the consequences of inflammatory speeches on the

crowd Chief Hickey instructed Lieutenants Gerbing and Baus to
disperse the crowd with 75 men. so by firing volleys of
They did
blank cartridges and using their clubs on those who showed fight.
A panic ensued and the meeting was broken up. Learning of the
ruse the strikers became angry with themselves and set out the
next day wandering aimlessly about the streets "waiting for some-
body to start something."
60 Police History
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Police History 61

Mayor Heath then threw the entire police force into the West
Side. Groups of armed and the
citizens paroled the middle-class

society districts. The first patrol wagons were made from those
donated to the city by business houses. Three hundred special
police were sworn in and armed to the teeth in anticipation of
trouble. Deputy Superintendent Dixson took command of the
outside forces. Military rule was instituted and Lieut. Frederick
Ebersold was made quartermaster. In his report Supt. Hickey
estimated that on that Tuesday not less than 20,000 men were un-
der arms.

Pinkertons had been hired to guard the McCormick Harvester

Works and a strikers attempted to get into the plant to
group of
call Lieutenants Versey and Callaghan with 36 men at-
a strike.
tacked the crowd of 900 strikers and fired on them. Two police-
men were injured by bricks and a number of strikers were
wounded.

On the Twelfth street viaduct many of the strikers made their

headquarters to throw missiles at trains which had to pass under

this bridge to go to and from the depot. At Sherman and Taylor
streets, Canal and Twelfth streets, Fifteenth and Dearborn and at
the west end of the Polk street bridge the police battled with the
strikers. Bricks were thrown and shots were fired.

Still another meeting was called for Wednesday night in Market

street. Again Lieut. Gerbings 50 patrolmen cleared the streets,
though they broke heads in doing so. This time no shots were
fired. Four lieutenants with 200 men were guarding the bridges
at this time expecting reinforcements from the West Side. At
Randolph street a crowd did attempt to cross but were driven back
by the police who drew up in line across Market street and fought
desperately. Because of the number of women and children in
among the strikers the police did not use their guns. When the
rioters returned for $he third time a volley was fired over their
heads. No further attempt at a crossing was made.

At the roundhouse of the C. B. & Q. railroad on West Sixteenth

street a crowd was reported. Policemen in the hastily constructed
patrol wagons drove up to that point and Lieutenant Callaghan,
reinforced by a detail under Sergeant Ryan, attacked the strikers.
Stones and bullets flew and fifteen policemen were injured. Two
rioters were killed and a large number were wounded.

The main crowd now appeared to be on Halsted street, and 200

police, commanded by Lieutenants Alacauley, Blettner and Bell,
62 Police History
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Police History 63

led the attack. At Halsted and Fifteenth streets the crowd was
broken up. It re-formed several blocks north and a second detail
of 100 men under Lieutenant Wood dispersed them there.

The same day Mayor Heath decided to call out 5,000 old soldier
two companies of U.
citizens, S. troops arrived fresh from the
Indian Campaigns of the plains. They were put up at the Armory
where they had their first bath in months.

Wednesday night all bridges to the West Side were swung and
the downtown streets were paraded by groups of armed men.
Thursday Deputy Superintendent Dixson took personal command
of the force and marched towards the Sixteenth street viaduct, the
citadel of the strikers. Marching over the viaduct twice to clear
out the mob the police were thrown into confusion by the open-
ing of the bridge by a striker, dividing their forces. terrific A
battle was taking place at the West Side end of the viaduct, and
when a 14-year-old boy swung the bridge shut the police dashed
to the rescue of their comrades. That battle of the bridge was
the bloodiest of the riots. The number of strikers killed will never
be known. It is estimated that 32 people were killed and hundreds

wounded. Friday the strike was broken. Cowed and beaten, the
men went back to work. The cost of the strike to the city in
material damage was over $20,000. To industry it cost millions.
The wheels had stopped moving for a week. Anarchism had its
fling" and to prevent it ever having another the Citizens Association

presented the police department with a Catling gun. It is still in

the storehouse of the police department.

A total of 300 rioters were arrested. Disposition to keep the

matter before the public died down and their cases were never
brought to trial. The was the turning point from
railroad strike
bad to good times. Industry was resumed and once more the
workingmen had bread.

Immediately following the strike the police department obtained

muskets and titles were changed to conform with military regula-
tions. The public laughed at the airs adopted by the commanding
officers, and when Colonel Hickey went out the military titles
went out also.
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 olice History 65

CHAPTER V

RIOTS AND THE POLICE FORCE

From the early days, when constables kept peace and order
in the city limits, up to the present times the Chicago Police
Force has been thrown against crowds and have quelled
riots which at different stages of the city's growth threatened
the very life of the municipality. Taught by bitter experi-
ence former heads of the department set a precedent in han-
dling disorderly crowds. It is to attack and disperse the

crowd, or the rioters, before they develop a leader who will

attack you. This policy has proved a success and in most
cases where the force was called to action rioters have been
dispersed before lives were lost or property destroyed.
The early constables and police chiefs used to step up to
the crowd and order them to disperse. The crowd would
question the authority of the police, one of the rioters would
use his fist to punctuate his remarks, the verbal debate, al-
ways highly colored with picturesque language, would turn
into a physical encounter and in many instances the police
force went back to the station without a prisoner to talk
over the encounter with the ambulance surgeon.
Police stars, cap badges, clubs, belts and even the caps
themselves were considered trophies of war by neighborhood
gangs who wrote history with their fists and counted time by
encounters with "The Force." The gang leaders usually
had one or two stars concealed about their clothing. The
walls of their homes were embellished with all the parapher-
nalia of a policeman's outfit with the exception of his suit.
Some policemen are reported to have had two or three new
stars made for them yearly.
In the more seriousriots men were killed. The police
chiefs gradually learned what to expect and thereafter they
waded into the mob without giving orders. And the num-
ber of encounters grew less as the years rolled on.

In 1855, with the advent of the "Native American Party''

into power, Chicago's police force experienced their first
serious riot. It was a battle between the German popula-

tion of the North Side against the force, who were compelled
66 Police History
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Police History 67

to back up Mayor Levi Boone in his narrow oppression of the

foreign element. The passion of the populace was high. The

err was, "put none but Americans on guard." Bitterness
on religious, slavery and temperance issues caused the death
of good-fellowship for a time.

Shortly after the city council had ratified his suggestion

to raise saloon licenses Mayor Boone decided to enforce the

Sunday closing law, which had been a dead issue for years.
A grog drinker himself, he professed a hatred for anybody
who drank beer and while he instructed the police to enforce
rigidly his Sunday Closing Order in the foreign portions of
the city, violations were winked at where saloons sold more
whisky than they did beer; in those parts of the city where
the majority of citizens were native born.

German saloonkeepers decided to resist and on the Sun-

day following the issuance of the order two hundred of them
were arrested. The first case was called on the 21st of
April and shortly after court opened an uproar was heard.
A Turner fife and drum corp, followed by foreign saloon-
keepers and some 500 of their friends, had marched across
the river to show
the judge, the police and the mayor what
they thought of this "attempt to deprive them of rights they
had formerly enjoyed under a despotic government."
The police force at this time had been increased by the
council to 90 men. Cyrus Bradley was general superintend-
ent. It was under his administration, by the way, that the
members of the force were divided into day and night patrols.

Captain Nichols, on duty at the time, asked the mayor for

instructions. He was told to disperse the crowd, which had
completely blocked Clark and Randolph streets. He carried
out orders and a number of people who resisted were ar-
rested. The Germans went back to the North Side and he.ld

meetings. Secession from the city was talked of, but it was
finally decided to form in line the same afternoon and to
cross the river and rescue the prisoners. Nichols swore in
150 special police, raising his command to 250.

Many members of the mob had armed themselves and it

moved in two detachments as two separate meetings had

been held. When the first group had crossed the Clark
street bridge the draw was opened while the police broke

up the crowd, who offered no resistance. When they were

disposed of Mayor Boone ordered the bridge closed. Cap-
tain Nichols and his 2.50 men stood ready to prevent the
crowd from crossing.
68 Police History
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Police History 69

In the front ranks of the mob was a German boy with

a double barrel shotgun. He leveled it and fired. Patrol-
man Hunt staggered back and fell to the ground. His left
arm had been shot off. Sheriff Andrews, who had joined the
police with a posse, shot and killed the youth, whose name
was lost to history in the fire. At this the crowd turned
and fled, the police pursuing them over the bridge. Many
other shots were fired and it is related that several mys-
terious funerals took place in the next few days on the North
Side. The police force lost none of its members in this en- '

counter, although many were injured. The city council voted

Hunt $3,000 for the loss of his arm and in the years he re-
mained on the force he invested it so that in his old age he
retired to a comfortable living.

Next day two companies of troops were called out. But

the North Siders were defeated. None of the cases against
the saloonkeepers were pressed and the intolerance of the
population gave way to the broader ideals of the Republican
Party. The "Know-nothing" party died a natural death at
the next election. Thomas Dyer succeeded Dr. Boone as
Mayor. At this time James Donnelly succeeded Darius
Knights as city marshal and Bradley retired as Chief of
Police. No chief was appointed to succeed him and J. W.
Connett, who replaced Nichols as captain, took charge over
the three precincts into which the city was divided under the
new regime.
It was in the riots of '77 that the police department first

gained the confidence of the people. Citizens awoke to the

fact that the blue coated guardians who passed in front of
theirhomes were not "barnacles" and "nuisances" as they
were called. All the faith which was lost during the criminal
outburst and outrages after the when the overtaxed, in-
fire

sufficient police force was helpless, returned and for the first
time in years a proposal to lower the salaries of policemen
was looked upon with disfavor in the city council. Of course
there were individuals on the force who had the admiration
and the respect of the city, but the great majority did not
and many times the force escaped a cut in pay by a very
few votes.
Newspapers, in both the editorial and news columns,
praised the policemen. In his annual report for '77 Supt.
Hickey said:
"I trust it will be considered pardonable for me also to

say a word
behalf of the police for their bravery, en-
in

durance, good judgment and strict attention to duty in this

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>olice History 71

emergency. All will bear witness to the fact that not one of
them showed any indication of shirking duty at
flinched or

any time, but fought twenty times their numbers, although

almost exhausted from incessant work, and marching from
place to place throughout the city for four days and nights,
and having little or no rest during that time."

Given creditable mention in the report are Captains O'Dos-

nell, Seavey and Johnson Lieutenants Callahan, Vesey, Car-
;

berry Bishoff, Bell, Ebersold, Blettner, Simmons, Hood,

,

Paus, Gerbing and Hathaway; and Sergeants Brennan and

Ward. The North Side division, under Captain Gund, were
piqued because they had no opportunity to display their
valor. When it became was confined
certain that the trouble
to the West Side, Supt. Hickey was deluged with applications
for transfers to the West Side Division. Hickey was justly
proud of his men.

Following the publication of his annual report Supt. Hickey

asked the council tor more men. At this time there were,
aside from the general superintendent and his deputy, four
captains, 18 lieutenants, 11 sergeants and 481 patrolmen.
These were distributed among the 14 police stations Chi-
cago had at that time. The council ignored Hickey's recom-
mendation and two years later the force was reduced when
76 men were cut from the payroll.

Capt. V. A. Seavey succeeded Hickey as General Super-

intendent in '78. His brave conduct in the riots had made
him popular and to dodge the crowd waiting to welcome him
at his new office he drove his buggy into the alley now known
as Qjuincy street and climbed through a window into his
office in the Rookery, where headquarters were at that time.

A politician found him there and hearing what he had done

told that he had acted foolishly, that he was going to
him
have bad luck and that the bad luck might mean his death.
Seavey laughed, but a year later he died from a complication
of diseases. He was connected with the force for 10 years
and the whole city honored his grave.

Before his death Seavey continued the fight of his predeces-

sor to obtain a police force sufficient to safeguard the
lives and property of Chicago. Of the 409 patrolmen left
him by the council, 88 were detailed for bridge, tunnel, sta-
tion and other duties. This left 321 available for patrol
 72 Police History
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service. In his annual report he showed how Chicago led

the country for insufficient police protection by having only
one patrolman for every 1,200 people, how each man has
to cover three and one-fourth miles of street at night and
four and one-half miles of street in the day time. The re-
port states how the force had been decreased 164 men, in-
cluding four officers, in the preceding three years and "has
never yet been sufficiently large for the requirements of the
city, and to properly protect the interests of the people."

"It will, no doubt, be claimed that the annual report of the

superintendent of police is always made the occasion for

recommending an increase of the police force," the report
goes on rather bitterly. "This, it appears, has been so, but it
also appears to have been the rule of late to largely reduce
the forces whenever an increase was asked for. There is
scarcely any difference of opinion in respect to our neces-
sities at the present time. Therefore I respectfully request
the additional appointment of 100 men."

The increase was not granted and for this reason When :

Mayor Heath went into his office his economical policy re-
stored Chicago's credit and Mayor Carter Harrison decided
to follow in his footsteps. All city departments suffered.
Another hardship was the payment of the force in city scrip
which used to go up and down with the money market.
Prosperity had arrived for a short visit and many members
of the force resigned to better themselves. At the end of '78
the total force consisted of 376 patrolmen.

Two patrolmen were killed while on duty this year. James

Kearns died from injuries he received when he fell into an ex-
cavation in the rear of 176 Clark street, and Albert Race was
shot down by two men in front of Lesser Friedburg's pawn-
shop at 494 State street. Friedburg's place had long been
known when Race saw two men driving away
as a fence and
in a buggy loaded with merchandise he ordered them to halt.
They did so and when he walked up to question them one
fired a revolver at his head, killing him instantly. John
Lamb and "Sheeney George" were arrested. George turned
state's evidence and because "of the character of his testi-

mony" Lamb's death sentence was commuted.

The '77 riots resulted in better armories being provided for

state troops and the Citizens' Association at this time had
loaned the police force a Catling, four 12 pound and two 6
74 o H i o

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Police History 75

pound guns with carriages and equipment, 296 Springfield

breech loading rifles and 60,000 rounds of ammunition. Tlv
department also had 102 Springfield rifles presented by citi-
zens. Under the regime of Hickey and Seavey, Detective
Leander Bauder was appointed drill master and the force be-
came efficient in the handling of firearms.

When Acting Superintendent of Police Dixon resigned

Mayor Harrison appointed Simon O'Donnell general super-
intendent. Hetried to avoid this promotion, but when it
was forced upon him, he set out to build up the department
and made strenuous and repeated demands on the city coun-
cil to increase the police department to 800 men. It was
O'Donnell who is credited together with Austin J. Doyle
with building up the patrol system of policing the city. He
also called attention to the inefficiency of the criminal court
which failed to handle properly and promptly all the cases
the department brought before it and had an auxiliary court

created.

William McGarigle was thankfully welcomed into the of-

by O'Donnell. Nothing of import hap-
fice of chief of police

pened during his administration with the exception of the

development of the patrol service. He resigned in '82, was
defeated for sheriff and was later appointed warden to t^"
countv hospital where he became involved in transaction*
which warranted his departure from the city.

The total number of men on the force in '81 was 506. This
year Patrolman Timothy Mahoney was shot by burglars
whom he chased from the home of Richard Tones. Public
subscription raised a fund of $5,000 for his familv. Patrol-
man Daniel Crowley and Patrick O'Brien both died of pun-
shot wounds. The Policeman's Benevolent Association this
year paid to the widows and orphans of deceased policemen
$5,565, to sick and injured members $834, for funeral ex-

penses $1,125.

Patrolman John Huebner was shot and killed chasine *

burglar in '82 and his murderer was later hung. Clarence
Wright, another patrolman, was also shot. In '83 the de-
partment was increased to 637 men, the patrol service was
extended and improved and still another increase in men
was asked for.

Austin T- Doyle, who succeeded McGarigle, presented such

an array of facts and figures to the city council that the
76 o H o

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Police History 77

force was increased to 924 men during his administration.

The aldermen at first laughed at his request for $992,273.50 to
run the department, but again public opinion came to the
rescue. The year before he had been granted $703,579.66 and
he told the aldermen this was not enough and that the 850
passenger trains arriving daily were bringing criminals foom
the neighboring cities and from nearby state institutions
who should be watched and traced by a large force of de-
tectives.

"Chicago the Convention City and an immense transient

is

population daily domiciled within its limits," he says. "This

is

population must be protected to a great extent by the dav

squad and the detective department. When you consider
that the average beat for a night patrolman measures one-
half by one-quarter of a mile, comprising such a territory
bounded by Halsted street, Center avenue, Madison and
Jackson streets, a fair idea may be conceived of the re-
one night patrolman. Multiply this territory
sponsibilities of
three times and you have the area to be covered by a day
patrolman."
*

Dovle had 300 men walking beat. Of this number 225

were,.detailed on night duty and 75 guarded the city during
the day. In order to distribute the work fairly the men
worked day souad being replaced every three
in relays, the
months. So every man on the force had onlv three months
of day duty during the year. He also pointed out that the
area of Chicago was equal to that of New York which had
2, 560 police at that date. He figured out how many acres
each man had to patrol and how many houses he had to
watch. Then, at the psychological moment, he uncovered
a 5 per cent increase in the salary list. He asked that the
force be divided into three groups; those appointed a year
to be paid $1,000 annually; those appointed in that time to
be paid $900 per annum and that the new men, constituting
;

third grade, would be paid $62.50 per month for the first
eight months of service.

There was a great debate in the council chamber when

this appropriation bill was passed. The newsoapers indorsed
Doyle's program of expansion for protection. With but a
few minor changes the bill was passed.

In '84 the "Day Squad" passed out of existence to be re-

placed by the Central Detail. The new force was divided

as follows Central Detail
;
had one lieutenant, one sergeant
78 o H o

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 o I I c H o 79

and 99 patrolmen; the Harrison street station had 63 men;

Twenty-second street, 48 Cottage Grove avenue, 46 Thirty-
; ;

fifth street, 34; West Twelfth street, 79; Hinman street, 49;
Deering- street, 35; Desplaines 73; West Madison
street,
street, 31 ; West Lake Street, 42 ;West Chicago avenue, 61 ;

West North Avenue, 27 ; Rawson street, 28 Chicago ave-

;

nue, 64; Larrabee street, 48; and the Webster avenue sta-

tion, 42.

In the summer and fall of '85 important changes were

made. Captain Ebersold became inspector, vice Major Wel-
ter, deceased. In October he was appointed to the superin-
tendency, Chief Doyle having resigned. Captain Bonfield
succeeded Ebersold as inspector.
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 olice History 81

THE GROWTH OF ANARCHISM

For years the Socialist movement in Chicago grew till at

length Socialist aldermen and representatives represented the
working people of Chicago in the city council and state legis-
lature. In the fight on Socialism political machine after po-
liticalmachine amalgamated and clique after clique of poli-
ticians buried the hatchet and finally both the Democratic
and Republican parties were united to take issue with So-
cialism, whose proponents preached the death of spoils poli-
tics and who in turn were called heralds of "an age of an-
archy." Unwittingly and unknowing the old parties fostered
the spirit of anarchy themselves. There was comparative po-
litical peace and quietness till the Socialist candidates went

down to defeat in mysterious and questionable elections.

And saying that they could not expect justice from political
action the Socialist leaders turned to anarchism. Socialist
papers began to incline towards the anarchist's viewpoint and
at the time of the Haymarket riot the transformation was

complete.

It was in the early eighties,following the great panics of

'73 and '77, that the United States passed one of the most
crucial points in its history. Discontent was nation-wide and
anarchism walked abroad. "Councils" and "circles" sprang
up throughout the country and reached prominence and
power among the labor organizations. A great question was
being discussed in the shops and factories. It was : The
Eight Hour Day.

Workingmen reasoned that they were producing more than

they could consume and much more than this country could
dispose of. They said if they worked eight hours a day they
would produce less and so eliminate the reoccurrence of an-
other horrible panic, which would reduce wages, set back
living conditions and eventually project them into a state of
serfdom. Our new citizens from Europe spread the teach-
ings of famous anarchists and the Eight Hour Day Move-
ment grew.
82 Police History
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Police History 83

Seven morning till six at night seven days a week

in the
was the workday at this peripd and another powerful argu-
ment which was used was the fact that hundreds of thou-
sands of workingmen were unable to exercise their right to
vote because of the long working hours. Eight hours would
enable them to make another attempt to better their condi-
tions through the ballot box, it was said.

On the other hand, the manufacturers said they could not

afford to grant eight hours a day because English, French
and German workmen labored ten and twelve hours a day.
The tariff was an old issue even then, yet they tried to "put
it over again." It failed to work and accounts of great strikes
and industrial troubles rilled the pages of the newspapers and
a vague muttering troubled the ears of the officials in Wash-
ington.

It was thoughtthat radical legislation would help, but

that failed. In Pennsylvania and Colorado the miners walked
out. Pitched battles occurred and accounts of them are
treasured in the archives of the trades unions of the coun-
try. In New York City the great "unrest" was culminated
when a mob of 150,000 paraders was put to flight by the police
force. In Chicago the trouble subsided immediately after the
Haymarket riot. This industrial crisis resulted in improved
working conditions and great trade unions grew up to deal
with the millionaires who were made millionaires by the
great panics. The masses escaped the peonage they thought
was being forced upon them and the living conditions of the
American people improved and today sees an aristocracy
of workers consisting of those who belong to the more power-
ful trade unions who will never again act in unison with
each other. The Chicago police force will never again have
to give battle to the bricklayer, the carpenter, the machinist
the teamster, the mechanics, ironworkers, tailors and other
trades at the same time.

The year 1885 opened with a bitter political campaign.

Carter Harrison was elected mayor for the fourth time, de-
feating Judge Sydney Smith. The result of the election pre-
vented any changes from being made in the department. A
few weeks after the inauguration another periodical strike
took place at the McCormick Harvester Works. Both
women and men swarmed in front of the plant to intercept
and sometimes attack strikebreakers. The harvester com-
pany did not apply to the city for protection but hired a
84 Police History
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Police History 85

detail of Pinkerton detectives and guards to patrol their

plant. Several times during the strike these men fired upon
the crowds and a number of the strikers were killed and
wounded. Most of the clashes occurred along "Black Road"
a street connecting the plant with Blue Island avenue, filled
with cinders from neighboring factories.

This strike was brought forward at all anarchist meetings

and many of the labor unions took it up. Protests were made
to the mayor and finally the company made concessions,
granted a 15 per cent increase in the piece work and people
went back to work with the belief that the whole policy of
the company had changed.

When the new $2,000,000 Board of Trade building was

opened with gorgeous ceremony on Tuesday, April 11, the
first great anarchist demonstration took place. For many
months anarchist speakers had been reviling this building.
Parsons, Spies, Fielden and others always commented upon
it and "The International Working People's Party" called

a meeting at Market and Madison streets on that same even-

ing. The circular wound up as follows:

"After the ceremonies and sermons, the participants will

move in a body to the Grand Temple of Usury, Gambling and
Cut-Throatism, where they will serenade the priests and of-
ficers of King Mammon and pay honor and respect to the
benevolent institute. All friends of the bourse are invited."
The meeting was called for 8 o'clock, but the North Side
groups did not arrive on time so a band played the Mar-
seillaise and other revolutionary airs. About this time Com-
pany "G" of the Second Regiment passed, affording the
crowd an opportunity to limber up their voices for the storm
of abuse they wished to throw at the "Board of thieves." The
militia paid no attention to the outburst and marched quietly
on to the armory.

More than a thousand people were present when Albert

Parsons called for order. He introduced Samuel Fielden, who
opened his speech by stating Boards of Trade were a curse
and menace to the welfare and comfort of the people. At
this point the North Side delegation arrived carrying red and
black flags; red, he said, for the common blood of humanity
equal rights of blood, whether it coursed through the veins
of aristocrats or through the veins of tramps and beggars.
The other was the black flag of starvation which should be
86 o 1 i II i o

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Police History 87

unfurled whenever a board of trade opened, for such an oc-

currence meant starvation to the masses, privileges for fe
disqualification, robbery and insult for others. He said while
the original cost of the building was nearly $2,000,000 it
would eventually cost Chicago and the Northwest a billion
dollars, and at this point in his speech he was interrupted
with groans and the shouted proposal to "blow it up with
dynamite." Men had paid $5,000 for memberships, he went
on, who had never earned a meal in their lives. It was an
establishment where trained thieves preyed on the people.

Parsons was the next speaker. He told how Bishop Cheney

was baptizing the corner stone and asked what sort of a fol-
lower he was of the tramp Nazarene, Jesus, who scourged
the thieves from the Board of Trade of Jerusalem. Parsons
concluded by advising the men to purchase Colt revolvers
and to organize for the rebellion that they might be free from
the rule of the chosen few.

When he concluded the meeting fell into marching order.

Five abreast and over a block in length the procession moved
towards the Board of Trade. Preceding the band were ten
women who took turns in carrying the flags.
The parade moved east on Madison to Clark and south on Clark
toAdams, there it turned west to enter La Salle. Not a police-
man was to be seen, and the leaders were congratulating them-
selves on the success of their demonstration.

When was made Superintendent

the first call for the meeting

Doyle had been called

upon board of trade, and
to protect the
to prevent the serenade. Every policeman in Chicago was held
on reserve duty, and the Harrison street squad was increased
to 250 men. Two hundred more were held there in reserve, and
a further reserve of 200 men of the regular night force were
in easy reach. Arrangements were so made, that in 20 minutes
should a call be made, 600 men would be concentrated in front
of the building.

At 9 o'clock squads were placed at the intersection of all

streets leading to the board of trade.

Inspector Welter was in
active command, and when the anarchists were brought to a
halt at La Salle and Adams, he commanded Spies to march on,
and not make trouble. The paraders continued on to Fifth
avenue and circled the board of trade at always a block distant.
Following speeches by Parsons and Spies at the office of the
Arbeiter Zeitung the anarchists went home, the trouble
only
88 Police Historfy
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of the evening being a slight injury to a citizen in a carriage,

who was struck by a brick.

Meetings continued, and circles and groups were steadily

being organized for the avowed purpose of being ready for "the
revolt," which was to forever free the working masses from
the privileged classes. Another great mass meeting was held on
the lake front Sunday afternoon, May 10, under the auspices
of the International Workingmen's Association. The Sunday
afternoon meetings continued for the purpose of "considering
the causes and remedies for public discontent."

Countrywide unrest continued and May saw the Union Ore

Shovellers lose a bloody strike in which many heads were split.
The police force had little to do with this strike and the switch-
men's strike. Private guards and Pinkertons were employed
in both cases. The force merely had to visit after the fights and
"clean up." They also sometimes gave first aid to the injured.
90 Police History
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 olice History 91

CHAPTER VII.

THE STREET CAR STRIKE

The found the police department fully

street car strike of 1885

prepared and ably commanded. June 20 the street car conductors

and drivers employed by the West Division Railway Company
went on strike. Three weeks previous to this date the union
presented a list of demands to the company. They asked that
their pay be increased and equalized, that the terms of probation-
ers be shortened, and that a superintendent who was much dis-
liked be discharged from the company. These demands were
complied with, and at another meeting the union expressed its ap-
preciation and satisfaction.

On the day following the last meeting a number of drivers

and conductors, who had been the leaders in the petitioning of
the company were discharged. The employes thought the com-

pany intended subsequently to discharge all those who had a

hand in obtaining better working conditions, so a later meeting
was held, and another demand was handed to an official of the
street car company, asking for justice, and that the reason these
men were discharged be made public. The official of the com-
pany who received the petition tore it up in the faces of the com-
mittee who presented it, and a strike was called.

On the morning of the 30th one car made the trip downtown.
It took on no passengers, and was jeered and hooted by the
crowds, whose sympathies were with the strikers. Superintendent
Doyle instructed Captain Bonfield to watch the barns in the
third precinct; Captain O'Donnell in the second, and Captain

Hathaway in the fourth. Deputy sheriffs were detailed to act

in conjunction with the police force.

The second day was crowded with

of the strike the street
omnibuses, hacks, trucks and vehicles of every description, and
of doubtful age to carry people to and from their work. The
situation was similar to the short strike Chicago experienced
in 1915, but then one could ride to any place on the West Side
for prices averaging between three and ten cents. In the later
92 o H o

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^olice History 93

strike auto truck owners counted their profits in dollars

by charg-
ing 25 cents for a ride to the Loop district.

The second day the following stafement was issued by the

union :

To the people of Chicago The conductors and drivers of the

:

West Division Railway Company desire the -public explicitly to

understand that they do not desire to be judges of whom the
company shall employ or discharge, but on this occasion, con-

sidering the efficiency of the discharged men and their long

terms of service in the employ of the company, it is, in our
estimation, a spitefuland arbitrary act on the part of the offi-
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If the

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the public.

Public sympathy was still with the strikers, and on the morn-
ing of July 1 three cars were loaded with bluecoats. and made
the trip downtown. Returning during the lunch hour through
the factory district just west of the river the police took good

naturedly a storm of abuse, which was accompanied with

a

fussilade of small stones and sticks. At Halsted street Captain

Bonfield discharged his revolver at a boy who had thrown a

stone at him, and when he missed he jumped from the car and
arrested him. Deputy Sheriff Horton was struck by a stone
while riding on the first of the three cars, and a number of ar-

rests were made along Madison street by detectives detailed

to prevent outbreaks of the crowd. Later that afternoon Mayor

Harrison personally arrested a man who was attempting to tear
up the street car track with a pickax.

Patrolman M. W. O'Brien was threatened by a crowd when

he placed under arrest a man by the name of Sullivan, he caught
in the act of throwing a stone. He held the crowd at bay with
his revolver till a patrol wagon came to his rescue.

A number of cars which started to run down Halsted street

did not return. guarded by policemen and deputy

Insufficiently
sheriffs, they were overturned and wrecked. The crowd did not
molest the strikebreakers or the sheriffs who escorted them to
safety with the aid of the police. Some of the unifomed men
were stoned, but fortunately for them, bricks were not used.
Another attempt was made to run cars on Lake street. There
the deputy sheriffs acted as drivers. Conductors were not needed.

Repeated attempts were made to unhitch the horses and over-

turn the cars, and in the fights which occurred Deputy Sheriff
94 o 1 i H o

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P o I ice History 95

Finn was struck on the side of the head with a stone. He was
carried to a drug store by the other guards on the car, which
was left to be picked to pieces by the mob for souvenirs.

The next day no were taken from the barn. At a con-

cars
ference between the street car and the city officials, it was de-
cided to make a detemined effort to break the strike and 'to es-
tablish transportation between the west and south sides. Supt.
Doyle held a conference that evening to plan the campaign of
the morrow. At its conclusion, he informed the officials of the
company that he would do all in his power to protect the prop-

erty and employees of the company, but would refuse to allow

his men to run the cars.

"If the railway company wants to run its cars, it is entitled

to protection, and it shall have it," stated Captain Bonfield, who
was ordered to protect the property of the company. "Cars
shall be run if the company desires it. People who do not want
to get hurt had better keep out of the way." The next day the

day squad reported for duty a half hour earlier than usual. Four
hundred policemen were detailed at the Desplaines street sta-
tion, and Captain Bonfield, in command of this district, was

placed in command by Supt. Doyle. Doyle addressed the men

from the steps of the station.

"You have been on review and dress parade in fine form,'

all

he is reported to have said. "Today he probably will have a

different kind of duty, and I want this department to show it-
self. Whatever your private views or mine may be, property
must be den fended, the law must be upheld, and you are its de-
fenders. Pay strict attention to your commanders. They as-
sume all responsibility, and will tell you what to do. Wait for
orders. I am sure you will do your duty. Move!"

In 1915 over 2100 Automobiles were stolen in the City of

Chicago, according to the Police Records.
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96 Police History
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>olice History 97

The two hundred policemen on foot were stationed at inter-

vals along Madison street,where it had been decided to make
an attempt to run cars. Between Ashland and Western avenues
on Madison street seventeen patrol wagons loaded with uni-
formed men were concealed in the cross streets. This was to
concentrate immediately a large number of men wherever trouble
might occur. Crowds lined the street as though a parade were
going pass, and the command to "keep moving" was cheerfully
obeyed. When everything was in readiness Captain Bonfield
ordered the first ten cars to leave the barn. Two cars managed
to turn into Madison street at a gallop. The third was halted

by the mob, and James Danielson, the driver, was torn from
the platform. Captain Bonfield made a sortie and rescued him.
It was at this point that he divided his column into three divi-

sions and began his famous and bloody march down Madison
street. Each division consisted of three cars. The first and
last were filled with bluecoats, and the one in the middle was

to be used as a jail or ambulance, as the need might be.

Captain Bonfield realized that he was on the unpopular side

of the fight, and he also realized that a wholesale massacre would
take place if his men did not stand firm and attack the rioters.
Before ordering the advance he commanded the people to leave
the street. They refused to obey and with drawn clubs and
revolvers the little procession advanced into the mob. Between
Western avenue and Leavitt street a barricade had been raised,
and when the police removed it, it was only to find another had
been erected farther down the block. A
building in course
of erection was demolished to form a barricade, and a huge
pile of clay from a gas main excavation was next spread across
the track. At Desplaines street the crowd had thinned down,
and once across the river a short rest was taken before the re-
turn trip, which was almost as exciting as the march downtown.

Tel. Harrison 1497

The Clinton Co.

Lithographers
Clinton and Van Buren Sts. CHICAGO
98 Police History

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 o lice Histo
During the day hundreds of people had been clubbed, and com-
were made at headquarters, in the mayor's office, and to
plaints
the newspapers of the brutality of the police. In the afternoon, a
cavalcade of five cars, carrying 80 passengers were safely es-
corted to the barns by a detail of police under Captain Eber-
sold.

Mayor Harrison had many times suggested, arbitration as be-

ing the fairest way out of the difficulty, but J. R. Jones, presi-
dent of the company, could not see that there was anything to
arbitrate; that the company would not consider the demand of
the union to reinstate the discharged men.

Public feeling against the company was so strong that the

great majority of those arrested during the riots were discharged
in court. In answer to a plea from a committee, the mayor
ordered the release of a man he had arrested for trying to tear
up the track. Many statements were issued by the union, which
complained against the treatment their committee had received
from Superintendent James Lake, whom they blamed for the
entire trouble.

In response to a request from the mayor the company did not

run cars on the Fourth of July, and the next day, Sunday, an-
other attempt was made by Mayor Harrison to get the com-
pany to arbitrate. They again refused.

That afternoon and anarchist speakers urged the

socialist
strikers to
buy guns and fight for their rights, and in the even-
ing Alderman Weber said that he would introduce an order into
the council to revoke the charter of the company the next night.
Thirty cars were run on Monday, and in the evening, a few
minutes before the council was called to order, President Jones

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100 Police History
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> o 1 i c e History 101

announced that he would place the discharged men back to work

and investigate the other charges made by the union. A can-
vass of the aldermen had shown that there was danger of the
company's charter being revoked.

Tuesday the cars ran as usual, and a few days later Superin-
tendent Lake was removed. The police force came out of the
strike with much credit and few casualties. A number of men
.

had been seriously beaten and stoned, but none fatally.

The year 1885 closed with great demonstrations being held

Sundays parks by the Anarchist societies. The police force
in

interrupted one of the largest of these, which was held on Mon-

day, July 12, at Silver Leaf Grove. It was a bloody skirmish,

and the radical societies never again used that spot as a picnic
ground.

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 1 i H 103

CHAPTER VIII

McCORMICK HARVESTER
WORKS RIOTS

Much has been written of the Haymarket riot, and the two
sides of this anarchistic outbreak stand forth very clearly. The
claim has been made that the attack of Captain John Bonfield
upon the meeting held in Haymarket square was for the pur-

pose of covering himself with glory, and many of the anarchists

later said that the bomb which injured twenty-seven policemen
was a "plant" by the police to stir up trouble.

But whatever the charges and allegations made since the

Fourth of May, 1886, the fact remains that the Haymarket riot
marked the beginning of the downfall of the anarchist move-
ment in Chicago, and stopped, to a great extent, the industrial
reign of terror which was sweeping the country. The trial and
sentences imposed on the conspirators halted the worship of the
great god "Dynamite," arid never since have agitators held meet-
ings where they advocated the leveling of society by bomb-
throwing and a commune.

Herman Deputy Superintendent of Police,

F. Schuettler, First
was first
brought before the public by his wonderful police and
detective work in the capture of the anarchists. Deputy Schuett-

A. HOLINGER, President EUGENE HILDEBRAND. Vice-President

A. HOLINGER & CO.

Real Estate Loans and Investments
Telephone Randolph 1191

11 South La Salle Street CHICAGO

J04 Police History
North=Western Trust & Savings Bank
The Largest Bank on the Northwest Side

Cor. Milwaukee Ave. and Division St., Chicago

"The White Corner"

JOHN F. SMULSKI. President WM. H. SCHMIDT. Vice-President

WALTER J. RAYMER, Vice-President
JOHN A.
PREBIS. Vice-President JULIUS F. SMIETANKA. Vice-President
T. M. HELINSKI, Cashier
AUGUST J. KOWALSKI, Jr., Ass't Cashier VINCENT JOZ WIN, Ass't Cashier
MATH. FOERSTER, Secretary

Geo. M. Reynolds, Chairman of the Board, Pres. Continental & Commercial Nat. Bk.
Joseph Korzeniewski, Wholesale Flour
Walter J. Raymer, Western Manager American Pin Co.
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> o I i c e History 105

ler still These are banded

handles the anarchists of Chicago.
into secret societies "awaiting the day." His agents, he says,
rank high in the councils of the Reds, and Chicago will never
need fear another outbreak from the anarchists.

However, a new and subtle influence has sprung up like a

fungus, which has taken the place of the anarchists, and which
the police department will have to contend in future industrial
troubles. Sometimes it is found in the ranks of a union, and
other times it professes to be a union, when it is
nothing more
nor less than an anarchist society in disguise.

The force does not come out in the open and declare itself.

It prefers to announce its presence by the wilful destruction of

property and by violent outbreaks which sometimes result in
death. At this writing this new influence is spreading through-
out the country fomenting trouble in industrial plants, and caus-
ing small sized revolutions wherever it gains power.

As yet it has not had any serious clashes with the Chicago
police force, but the leaders in this new movement "have hopes,"
and trouble slowly fomenting in this city, where it has come
is

into being before. And the Chicago police force in the years
to come will have to maintain its record of the years past. It
will do
so, for the individual bravery is as great no\v as it was

then, and the organization of the department has reached a

higher stage of perfection than ever before and "confidence
in one's self is half the battle won."

A great many of the grandmothers and grandfathers can look

back into the years and remember the eleven and twelve hour
workday which existed in the majority of the shops as late as
1885. They can also remember the discussion these long hours

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106 P o I i c e History

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Police History 107

caused and how, order to better themselves, working and labor-

in

ing men formed into great national and international unions and
trade federations. It was in the early eighties that anarchism

thrived, and it was in the late eighties when this movement died,

giving birth in its death throes to trades unions which have

brought the standard of living of the American workingman up
to a point which has not been reached in any other country on
the globe.

"Political economists realize the peril of labor saving ma-

chinery to the industrial peace of the country, and propose

to meet it with legislation shortening the hours of labor,"
Samuel Hunt, Professor in Economics told the United States
Congressional Committee on the Depression of Labor. "A re-
duction of hours means less idle hands, more persons profit-
ably employed. By increasing the number of employed, con-
sumption will be stimulated, overproduction checked, and a
more balanced relation between the two established."

These arguments were made in 1879, and when not acted upon
by the representatives of the people "in congress assembled" they
were acted upon by self-styled representatives of the people, to
wit : the anarchists. There was logic in the contentions of the
economists, and when these great principles were taken up and
placed in the banner of the anarchists the ranks swelled.

The went even further than the eight-hour-day

anarchists
movement; they demanded ten hours' pay for eight hours'
work. The friends of labor eagerly indorsed this proposi-
tion, but the employing class said the anarchists were try-
*
ing to stir up a revolt.

While the Eight Hour Association said the "workingmen

of Chicago are willing to make a sacrifice in wages that more

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108 o H o

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is a new fire-proof building, located at the corner of Washing-
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the year 1913. It has a capacity of 125 beds, and has every
modern equipment for the care of surgical, medical and ob-
stetrical patients. We have a large maternity pavilion, with
nursery and delivery room. We are prepared to meet the re-
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to $7.00 per day. We have one of the most modern and com-
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radiographer. Our pathology laboratory is complete and in
charge of an expert. All of these facilities are open to phy-
sicians who wish to bring their patients. Doctors retain full
charge of their cases at all times. A 'phone call West 3170
will give any further information desired. Our ambulance
can be sent on short notice.

A. I. Bouffleur, Surgeon Cassias D. Wescott, Oculist

Benjamin F. Lounsbury, Surgeon Samuel R. Slaymaker. Physician
John Ritter, Physician

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Police History 109

people may employment," Albert Parsons, anarchist edi-

find
tor, said the movement was
"a lost battle," and August Spies,
a Red speaker, wrote to the same paper, saying that it was
"too late" to demand the eight-hour day, that the working
men should take over the means of production, and not to
allow themselves to be exploited any longer.

Through the fall and winter of 1885 the campaign of "edu-

Reds continued, and in the spring of 1886 came
cation" of the
the great strike which established an open shop in the great
McCormick Harvester Works, which remains an open shop
to this day. A number of men had been discharged, and the
officials of the company said it was because they were not
needed. The employes looked at it differently. They said
they were dismissed because they had taken an active part
in the formation of unions, because they originated and pre-
sented petitions and because they openly talked and preached
of the great eight-hourmovement inside the sacred precincts
of the McCormick Harvester Works.
This guarantee had been demanded and received by the
employes at the end of the strike of April, 1885, and they
now claimed it had not been lived up to. Plans and prepar-
ations were made for a strike, but the officials of the com-
pany acted before those of the union, and when the demand
was under the "consideration" of those same officials, the
works suddenly closed on February 16, 1886. There was a
large quantity of finished goods on hand, so the company
thought it an opportune time to sit back and starve its em-
ployes into submission to an open shop, long hours and to
whatever pay they wished to give them.

There was peace and quietness along the Black Road until
the family larder of these workers began to grow small. Then

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110 Police History
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 o I i c e H i s t o

the anarchist speakers gathered the men into groups and told
them how they were being starved into submitting to their
masters and aroused by the word pictures drawn of their
miserable living conditions, acts of violence were committed.
The company added fuel to the smouldering flame of revolt
when it employed 500 armed Pinkerton guards to patrol the
works.

On March 2 a mass meeting was held at Eighteenth street

and Center avenue, where the strikers were addressed by
Albert Parsons and Michael Schwab. The meeting was not
only for the purpose of making known the grievances of the
strikers but to protest against the police arresting pickets
which surrounded the plant day and night, to protest verbally
and physically against men who were taking their places at
higher wages to break the srike. According to the speakers
"the meeting was a success."

Public sentiment and public criticism finally compelled the

company to give an increase in wages. Many men went back
to work, but it was to work in an open shop, next to men

whom they had been taught to hate, and whom they boy-
cotted, ostracized and vented their rage upon at every op-
portunity. Finally another strike occurred and Black Road
became a battle ground between "scabs" and strikers, with the
police and Pinkertons vainly trying to act as peacemakers and
protectors.

Along about time the bakers, brewers and other unions

this

gained a reduction in hours from 12 and 14 in many cases, to

10. This victory was heralded all over the city, and but
made the strikers at the McCormick works more determined

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than ever to gain the recognition of their union that they

might have some way to protect themselves.

On May 300,000 workingmen went on strike for the eight-

1,

hour day. Parades were held and speeches made. More than
two-thirds the number walking the streets demanded 10 hours
pay for 8 hours work. The industries and commerce of the
city were tied up, and before night a great many of the em-
ployers had capitulated by granting the nine-hour day, or
the eight-hour day with eight hours' pay.

On May 1, August Spies wrote in the Arbeiter Zeitung:

The dies are cast! The first of May, whose historical sig-
nificance will be understood and appreciated only in later
years, is here. For twenty years the people of the United
States have whined and have begged their extortionists and
legislators to introduce an eight-hour system. The latter knew
how to put the modest beggar off, and thus year after year
passed by. At last, two years ago, a number of trade organiza-
tions took the matter up, and resolved that the eight hour work
day should be established in May 1, 1886.

"
'That is a sensible demand,' said the press, howled the pro-
fessional importers, yelled the extortionists. The impudent so-

cialists, who wanted

everything, and who would not content
themselves with rational demands of this kind, were treated to
the customary shower of epithets.

"Thus things went on. The agitation progressed and every-

body was in favor of the shortening of the workday. With the
approach of the day, however, on which the plan was at last
to be realized, a suspicious change in the tone of the extortion-
ists and their priestcraft in the press, became more and more

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noticeable. What had formerly in theory, been modest and

rational, was now impudent and senseless. What had been
formerly lauded praiseworthy demand, when compared
as a
with socialism and anarchism, changed now suddenly into crim-
inal anarchism itself. The cloven feet of the hellish crew, pant-
ing for spoils, became visible. They had intoned the eight-
hour hymn simply to lull their dupes, the workingman, to sleep
and thus keep them away from Socialism.
"That the workingmen would proceed in all earnestness to
introduce the eight-hour system was never anticipated by these
confidence men that the workingman would develop such stu-
;

pendous power, this they had never dreamed of. In short,

today, when an attempt is made to realize a reform so long
striven for, when the reformers are reminded of their promises
and pledges of the past, one has this and another has that to
give as an excuse. The workers should only be contended and
confide in their well meaning exploiters and sometime between
now and doomsday everything will be satisfactorily arranged.

"Workingmen we caution you? You have been deluded time

and time again. You must not be led astray this time. Judging
from present appearances, events may not take a very smooth
course. Many of the extortionists, aye, most of them, are re-
solved to starve those to 'reason' who refuse to submit to their
arbitrary dictates, i. e., to force them back into their yoke by
hunger. The
question arises, now workingmen allow
will the
themselves to be slowly starved into submission, or will they
inoculate some modern ideas into their would-be murderers'
heads ?"

John J. Flinn at this time wrote an editorial in the Chicago

Mail calling on the citizens to watch Parsons and Spies and to
hold them personally responsible for any trouble which might
occur.

SAflUEL C. STERN, President MICHAEL I. STERN, Vice Pres

WILLIAM M. SMITH, Treas. HOBART E. SMITH, Secretary

The Stern=Smith Company

Plastering Contractors
CHICAGO

First National Bank Bldg. Telephone Randolph 2805

116 o H o

JOHN R. MAGILL & CO.

35 NORTH DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO TELEPHONE CENTRAL 79OO
JOHN R. MAGILL REAL ESTATE
EDWARD M. GALLUP
LEO- G. VARTY BUILDING MANAGEMENT
WILLIAM P. LAWTON
BEN K. BABBITT CENTRAL BUSINESS AND
JAMES A. HOOL MFG. PROPERTY
DAVID A- BAULD, Sup't of Buildings
MANAGERS
Coca-Cola Building Rand McNally Building Portland Block
Sears Building Textile Building Sharpies Building
Longley Building Basset t Building Harless Building
Clare Building 204-206 W. Van Buren 109-111 E. South Water
Ames Properties 408-16 S. Hoy ne Avenue Sheldon & Carroll
1641-1645 Carroll Avenue

Torino
Italy FIAT Poughkeepsie
N. Y.

2239 Michigan Ave.

R. C. COOK, Manager

Residence 3437 Jackson Boulevard Telephone Seeley 5948

Telephones: West 397 Auto. 85-385

GEORGE W. SCOTT
UNDERTAKING CO.
UNDERTAKERS EMBALMERS AUTO AMBULANCE
2309 West Madison Street
CHICAGO
FIRST CLASS AUTO LIVERY IN CONNECTION
Calls from All Parts of the City and Suburbs Answered Promptly
Police History 117

Another editorial came from the pen of George Schilling,

editor of the Eight-Hour Day, in the issue of May 1 :

"The results of thecoming week will be watched with in-

tense interest by and foes alike. The atmosphere is
friends
filled with strikes and rumors of strikes. Some of the unions
we regret to say, have gone off half cocked and others are at-
tempting to confound the eight-hour question too much with
that of wages, and herein lies the great danger to the move-
ment in this city. Many manufacturers say they cannot afford
to pay the 20 per cent increase in wages unless the same demand
is made successfully on their eastern competitors. This looks
reasonable and the Eight Hour Day deprecates the actions of
those unions who have
thereby complicated the situation, and
are likely to endanger the success of this movement.

"Competition is a factor in the question and the working-

men of Chicago have no right to exact shorter hours and high

wages from their employers unless similar demands are made
elsewhere."

Schilling also advocated arbitration and when the editorial

saying that "strikes must be avoided" was published, the cry

went up from the anarchists that he had been bought out by
the employers.

Saturday and Sunday passed quietly although the Chicago,

Milwaukee and St. Paul railroad was compelled to hire non-
union men to handle their freight and on Monday trouble began.
Citizens were stirred to anger by a parade of Polish and Rus-
sian tailoresses who paraded their rags in the downtown streets
and the city was thrilled by disquieting rumors which came
from the McCormick Harvester Works where no trouble had
been reported for several days.

CHAS. SCHLEYER, Pres. J. E.MOHLIN, Treas.

E. P. NELSON, Vice-Pres. N. J. RAUEN, Sec'y and Mgr.

Telephone Franklin 2398

Allis Brick Company

Manufacturers of
BUILDING BRICK
CHICAGO
1366 Conway Blag. Ill W. Washington Street
118 Police History
Automatic Carburetor Co* (Not Inc.)

Manufacturers of
Gasoline Vapor Systems
for Engines
2O19-2O21 South Michigan Ave.
Telephone Calumet 471 CKicag'o

WM. MORRIS, Pres. WM. H. MORRIS, Treas. H. F. MORRIS, Sec'y

William Morris
& Sons Co.
Manufacturers of
HARDWOOD INTERIOR FINISH
Veneered Doors Our Own Manufacture a Specialty

Frames, Sash and Cabinet Work

N. W. Corner 50th and Morgan Sts.

Telephones Drover 1300-1301 Chicago

Telephone Monroe 61Q7

Hoepner Automatic Scale Co.

Manufacturers of
High Grade Weighing
and Packing Machinery
14O1-14O5 W. JacKson Blvd. Chicago
Police History 119

It was reported 10,000 people were grouped at Black

that
Road in an anarchist meeting and that trouble was expected
before the afternoon was over. Trouble arrived in the form
of an attack on the works by a mob of 150 men, some of whom
were armed. These were later reinforced by thousands.

Detectives J. M. Hanes and J. J. Egan were detailed to at-

tend the meeting. Hearing the speeches they came to the con-
clusion that there was going to be trouble and plenty of it, so

they turned in the alarm for the reserves.

Saturday and Sunday Chief Ebersold had been on constant

duty. Never leaving his office he awaited the outbreak he
knew was to come and all day Monday he sat locked in the tele-
phone and telegraph room at headquarters moving reserve here
and detail there, constantly keeping the force prepared for any
emergency. He took personal and complete charge of the situ-
ation and supervised every move made and issued every com-
mand given.

The complete reports of the battle which occurred at the Mc-

Cormick Harvester Works did not reach Ebersold till late that
night and when he heard them he said he was one of the proudest
men Chicago to be the head of such a police force and the
in
leader of such men as those who battled with the mob that after-
noon.

When the factory whistle blew for the men to quit work at
3 :30 o'clock that afternoon Patrolmen West and Condon were
the only men on duty. A
crowd had gathered around the gates
and as the workers came out some were beaten. Condon and
West fought and Condon decided to make a run
the strikers
for it and send in the alarm. At Western and Blue
to try
Island avenues he was later found badly beaten. Someone had

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Factory: Jidams and Loom/5 Streets
Telephone HaymarKet 791-7Q* CHicago, 111.
J20 Police History
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and Biscuit MaKers
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KELLOGG SWITCHBOARD
AND SUPPLY COMPANY
Makers of telephone equipment which is

built up to a standard not down to a price

Kansas City CHICAGO San Francisco

 o I I H o y 121

turned in the alarm for him. West was forced away from the
gate by the mob and chased down a switch track where he also
was beaten.

About this time the Hinman street patrol wagon clattered up

with Sergeant Enright in command of Patrolmen Fugate, Raf-
ferty, Falley, Quintan, Walsh, Peasnick, Zimmick and McCar-
thy. Dashing straight through the mob up to the gates of the
factory the wagon disgorged its load of righting cops. Clubs
were used until the next wagonload came up when it was found
necessary to use revolvers also in the fight.

Leading other patrols of policemen w^s ^Captain Simon O'Don-

nell who had driven from the West Twelfth street station in a
buggy which was spattered with mud and filth and covered with
indentations from missiles thrown by the mobs through which
he had passed. As wagon loads of police arrived they were
dispatched through the neighborhood to prevent other crowds
from forming. The mob at the gate had been broken and scat-
tered by patrol wagons which ran through it.

That night 500 policemen patrolled the district.

Only two strikers were known to be killed in the battle at

the gate. others were seriously hurt, in the main most
Many
injuries being cracked heads. Patrolman Kaiser was badly
hurt when a brick thrown by someone in the mob struck him
on the head. Patrolman Casey was rescued from being lynched
when he took one of the wounded strikers to his home. The
exact number of gunshot wounds was never learned.

Checkers has no Popcorn peer.

Countless Millions sold each year
122 Police History
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Telephone Monroe 1051 CHICAGO
 olice History 123

CHAPTER IX

THE FOURTH OF MAY

The terror inspired by the great fire had lasted but a few days,
the riots of 1877 reached their dreadful crisis in one afternoon
and so the city was calm the morning after the battle at the Mc-
Cormick Harvester Works. Labor union headquarters began to
make predictions of an early settlement of strikes and the com-
forting rumor went around that the great packing houses out in
the stock yards were on the verge of yielding to the demands
of their employes.

But in the afternoon disquieting reports were brought in to

Chief Ebersold's office. whose speech, the police claim,

Spies,
incited the McCormick trouble, had written a circular which
was being spread broadcast throughout the city. It ran as fol-

lows:

"Revenge !
Workingmen, to arms ! Your masters sent out
their bloodhounds, the police. They killed six of your brothers
at McCormick's yesterday afternoon; poorthey killed the
wretches because they had the courage to disobey the supreme
will of your bosses; they killed them because they had dared to
ask the shortening of the hours of toilthey killed them to show
;

you, free American citizens, that you must be satisfied and

contented with whatever your bosses condescend to

Phone Douglas 5243 All flodern Conveniences

OVERLAND HOTEL
Fireproof European
Rates $1.00 to $5.00 per Day

3ist Street and Prairie Ave. Chicago

124 Police History
Stewart Manufacturing Company
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Tel. Harrison 2797 CHICAGO

Police History 125

allow you, or you will getkilled. You have for years suffered
immeasurable iniquities you have worked yourself to death
; ;

you have endured the pangs of want and hunger your chil- ;

dren you have sacrificed to the factory lords in short, you

have been miserable and obedient slaves all these years. Why?
To satisfy the insatiable greed, to fill the coffers of your lazy,
thieving masters. When you ask them now to lessen the
burden they sent their bloodhounds out to shoot you murder
you. If you are men, if you are the sons of your grandsires
who shed their blood to save you, then
you will rise in your
might, Herculean, and destroy the hideous monster that seeks
to destroy you. To arms We call you to arms
! !

"YOUR BROTHERS."

Other articles appeared in the Socialist and anarchist press

and later in the day a circular printed in English and German
called on all working men to attend a :

"Great mass meeting tonight, at 7 :30, at the Haymarket,

Randolph street, between Desplaines and Halsted. Good
speakers will be present to denounce the latest atrocious acts
of the police the shooting of our fellow-working men yes-
terday.
"THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE."

The strong force which had patrolled the vicinity of the

Black Road night were relieved in the morning by a squad
all

who assisted the Pinkertons to maintain order in the vicinity

of the McCormick works. Historians say the "proprietor
of that establishment expressed a determination to protect the
workers at any cost and from the first of the trouble he ex-
hibited the most courageous devotion to the position he had
assumed in relation to the anarchistic socialists."

NEW YORK FACTORY CANADA FACTORY

34 West 34th Street Spadina Ave.
310-316
Brooklyn, N. Y. Toronto, Ontario
Telephone Harrison 7128

The A. D. Shoup Co.

MANUFACTURERS OF

Paper Boxes
410-426 S. Clinton St. CHICAGO
126 Police History
Capital- Flavored
Chewing Gum
GIP VALLEY

Nature
CHEWING GUM
A MO5T HEALTHFUL CONFECTION

Schriver Laundry Co
(Incorporated)

HIGH GRADE

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AND

Dry Cleaning
MAIN OFFICE AND WORKS
3128-3032 West Lake Street

PHONES
Kedzie 1219 Austin 502 Oak Park 212

Industry Novelty Co.

JENNINGS,
O. D. Free, and Treas.

MANUFACTURERS OF
NOVELTIES
2901-3-5-7 INDIANA AVENUE
Telephone Douglas 8617 CHICAGO
>
olice History 127

A man on horseback scattered the call for a mass meeting

throughout the city. At Eighteenth street and Center avenue
the drug store of Samuel Rosen f eld was gutted by a mob of
3,000 people who called the druggist a "spy" because the police
had used his telephone to keep in touch with headquarters.
Capt. O'Donnell dispersed the crowd with the aid of Lieut.
Barcell and 50 patrolmen. Later in the day Lieut. Sheperd
was sent out to disperse a crowd of 10,000 who had demol-
ished and ransacked the saloon of Stanley Weiskopf. The
police were again called into action when some striking lumber .

workers and mechanics attacked six special guards in front

of the office of a paint factory on Eighteenth street near Center
avenue.

About 3 o'clock that afternoon a howling dog bounded down

the Black Road vainly trying to outdistance a tin can tied
to its tail. A few minutes after this unusual messenger had
passed several thousand men had gathered and were being
advised to make open warfare on the harvester works. Detec-
tive Granger saw a revolver in a man's pocket and when he
attempted to place him under arrest he was slugged. Instantly
the streets were in a turmoil. Patrolman John Small of the
Hinman street station was shot through the hand while stand-
ing over the body of his senseless comrade and only the
timely arrival of a detail of 10 men from the Twelfth street
station prevented murder. All afternoon heavy details of
police were running back and forth through the factory dis-
tricts dispersing crowds and while emptying a hall where
some lumber handlers were holding a turbulent meeting
Patrolman James Bulman, of the Twelfth street station, was
badly hurt when his head stopped a brick.

That evening there was a good deal of excitement in the

vicinity of the city hall. Chief Ebersold was seen going in and

KENWOOD BRIDGE
PAUL WILLIS, President A. J. T. BENNETT,
CO.
Secretary

ENGINEERS AND BUILDERS OF

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Office, 14 1 6 First National Bank Building, CHICAGO
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128 Police History
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>olice History 129

out of the mayor's office a number of times carrying the cir-

culars which were being distributed. He is said to have urged
the mayor to prohibit the meeting. Mayor Harrison refused,
saving that everything would pass off quietly if the anarchists
were left alone. It so happens that a commanding officer took
it upon himself to march men over to attack the meeting,

shortly after Mayor Harrison and the Chief of Police had left
for their homes, causing loss of life and an upheaval, but which

stamped out anarchism and quietened the socialists for years

to come.

Inspector John Bonfield was the man who most dreaded

the mass meeting. He secretly felt that something was going
to happen and made preparations. Following the develop-
ments of the anarchist movement in Chicago, with the greatest
care, he formed opinions as to the real aims of the "groups"
and "circles" who had held secret meetings within the city
for years. Bonfield dreaded another riot worse than that of
the pseudo commune of 1877.

Detectives were seeking evidence of an anarchist plot to

cause trouble and Capt. Schaak had already unearthed start-
ling facts which were being elaborated upon.

Following a conference that evening, Ebersold and Bonfield

made their preparations. Captain Ward, of the Third precinct,
was ordered to bring all of his available men to the Desplaines
street station. And at 8 o'clock the building was crowded
with one captain, seven lieutenants and 176 men. Reserves
aggregating 600 men were ordered held in readiness for imme-
diate duty at the Central Detail, Harrison street and West and
Each Chicago avenue stations. The Second precinct was not
called upon because of the strenuous past few days experienced

by Captain O'Donnell and his men.

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130 Police History

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Police Histofy 131

Bonfield expected trouble and he told the chief so. Eber-

sold allowed him to take personal charge and ordered him to
report frequently. About 9 o'clock the crowd moved, as
though by common assent, from the square to a half block
north on Desplaines street. In the trial of the anarchists this
was given a peculiar significance. The
prosecuting attorneys
argued that it was made to facilitate the escape of the trouble-
makers, should any trouble occur.

It was also contended that the object of

changing the meet-
ing place was :

To consolidate the police force in a narrow street, in order

that bombs thrown into their ranks might do more effective
slaughter.

To draw the police into this narrow space, so when the

bombs were thrown they would become confused, fire at each
other, and to afford a better opportunity for shooting from
the ambush the alleys afforded.

And to give the leaders a better chance to escape through

the alleys.

The other side of the story is that the large flat wagon
drawn up near the alley entrance provided an excellent speak-
ers' platform, that a raw wet wind was blowing down the

square, that rain was expected, and that Desplaines street

was sheltered, whereas the square was not.

Mayor Harrison was present when Parsons and Spies spoke,

and leftduring the speech of the latter, telling Inspector Bon-
field that he didn't expect any trouble.

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132 Police Histo
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E> o I i c e History 133

It was not until shortly after Mayor Harrison went home

and Inspector Bonfield had told Chief Ebersold it would be

all right for him to go off duty that the sudden, unexpected

and alarming reports came in of the terrible utterances of

an anarchist by the name of Fielden. It was now after 10
o'clock. Bonfield, in order to prevent a riot, an uprising, a
reign of terror, ordered out the police to disperse the crowd.

Marching two of which were to guard the

in four divisions,
rear against a rear attack, marched north on Desplaines street.
The mob consisted of an audience of 3,000, and many had
brought their wives and children.

Captain Ward
shouted the order to disperse. A black
object fell
hissing in front of the second company of police.
It exploded with a roar and, answering the revolver shots of

the police, came the flashes of guns from the sidewalk in the
fleeing mob.

Hare is a portion of Bonfield's report which is worthy of

mention :

"The explosion was caused by a dynamite bomb, which was

thrown into our ranks from the east sidewalk and fell near the
dividing line between the companies commanded by Lieuten-
ants Fowler and Bowler. For an instant the entire command
of the above named officers, with many of the first and third
divisions, were thrown to the ground, alas many never to arise
!

again. The men recovered instantly and returned the fire of

the mob. Lieutenants Steele and Quinn charged the mob
on the street, while the company of Lieutenant Hubbard, with
the few uninjured members of the second division, swept both
sidewalks with a hot and telling fire, and in a few minutes the
anarchists were flying in every direction. I then gave the

Riverside Oil Go.

OF ILLINOIS

OFFICES
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CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
134 Police History
Secure Your Fire Tornado and t

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I 1

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and Truss Mfg. Co.
154 NORTH FIFTH AVENUE
Cor. Randolph Street

Telephone Main 4539 CHICAGO

>olice History 135

order to stop firing, fearing that some of our men in the dark-
ness might fire upon one another, and ordered the patrol
wagon to 1)e called, made details to take care of the dead and
wounded, placed guards around the stations, and called for
physicians to attend our wounded men. It is surprising to

many that our officers stood firm and were not demoralized
under the trying circumstances. It has been asserted that
regular troops have become panic stricken from less cause.
I see no account for it except this The soldier acts as a part
:

of a machine, rarely, if ever, when he is on duty is he allowed

to act as an individual, or to use his personal judgment. A

policeman's training makes him self-reliant. Day after day,
night after night, he goes on duty alone, and when in conflict
with thief and burglar he has to depend upon his own indi-
vidual exertions. The soldiers, being a part of the machine,
it follows when part gives out, the rest is useless until the rest
is repaired. The policeman, being a machine himself, rarely,
if ever, gives up till he lies on the ground, unable to rise

again. In conclusion beg leave to report that the conduct of

I

the men and officers, with few exceptions, was admirable as a ;

military man said to me the next day, 'Worth the heroes of a

hundred battles?' Of one officer I wish to make special men-
tion. Immediately after the explosion I looked behind me to
see the greater portion of the second division on the ground.
I gave the order to the men to close up and in an instant

Sergeant John E. Fitzpatrick was at my side and repeated the

order."

The Casualty List of the Riot.

Of Lieutenant George Hubbard's command Patrick Flavin, :

injured; Jacob Ebinger, injured; John J. Kelley, injured;

James Wilson, Injured; Frank Andrews, injured; Michael
O'Brien, injured; David Hogan, injured.

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J36 Police History
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Uithfor (Entimfc

Electrical Wires Cordage Cords Cables

BELDEN MANUFACTURING
MADE IN CHICAGO
CO.
 o lice History 137

Of Lieutenant James Bowler's command John J. Barrett :

and Michael Sheehan, fatally hurt; John Reid, bullet wounds

in both legs below the knees Lawrence Murphy, half of left
;

foot blown off by shell, two shell wounds in right leg, one
in right hip, two bullet wounds in right leg, also one in left
side of neck; John E. Doyle, two bullet wounds in right leg
below knee and three shell wounds in left leg below the knee ;

Arthur Conolly, two shell wounds in right leg, bullet wound

in right arm Nicholas Shannon, bullet wound in back, 17
;

shell wounds in lower part of both legs Adam Barber, bullet

;

wound in right heel and shell wounds in lower and back part
of both legs James Conway, shell wounds through lower
;

part of right leg; Thomas McEnery, ten shell wounds in both

legs Patrick
; Hartford, two shell wounds in right leg, bullet
wound through right heel and three toes of left foot shot off ;

Louis Johnson, shell wound in lower part of left leg; Frank

Tyrell, two shell wounds in fleshy part of left thigh August ;

Keller, shellwound above left hip bullet in left side James

; ;

Brady, four shell wounds in lower part of both legs John H. ;

King, shell wound in lower part of right jaw and two bullet
wounds in right leg.

Of Lieutenant James P. Stanton's command : The Lieuten-

ant himselfwas hurt. Received two wounds in calf of right

leg,one in right thigh, one in right side, one in right forearm

from shell and received pistol wounds in right forearm ;

Patrolmen: Alex Jameson, shot in left thigh and left wrist;

Timothy O'Sullivan, pistol shot in right thigh Thomas Hal- ;

ley, trampled on and bruised Jacob Hansen, right leg crushed

;

by shell, amputated above knee, also shot twice in left hip and
left ankle was fractured by shell Michael Horan, shot in right
;

forearm and thigh Peter Butterly, wounded in both legs be-

;

low knee by shell and shot in right forearm Joseph Norman, ;

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BRYANT & GREENWOOD

Telephone Central 4704 1801 Westminster Bldg., Chicago
138 Police History
BAKER DEMOUNTABLE RIMS
Make tire changing easy.

STONE SHOCK ABSORBERS

Make your car ride easy on rough roads.

$10 per pair all sizes.

UNIVERSAL RIM COMPANY

15O2 Michigan Avenue Phone Calumet 3742

JOHN OLSON OLOF WALLIN JOHN A. OLSON

President Vice-President Sec'y & Treas.

Standard Sash & Door Co,

MANUFACTURERS OF

Frames, Sash
Interior Finish

5815 to 5823 Racine Avenue CHICAGO

PHONE WENT WORTH 41

HAMMESFAHR
Delicatessen
Luncheon
J06 W. Monroe Street 165 W. Monroe Street
Police History 139

wounded by shell in left hand and right heel Thomas Hen- ;

nessy, wounded by shell in both legs below knee and in left

thigh William Burns, slight shell wound in right instep
; ;

Charles Fink, shot badly in both thighs and wounded by shell

in left Mathias Degan, killed by shell wounds in abdo-
ankle ;

men and legs Bernard Murphy, large shell wound on right

;

side of head and another in left thigh Thomas Brophy, left ;

hand badly wounded by shell Charles Whitney, badly hurt

;

when shell fragment penetrated chest; Thomas Redden's left

leg was crushed by shell which also wounded him in both
arms and face.
Of Lieutenant Francis Penzen's command : Andrew O'Day,
bruised on right knee Patrick Nash, left breast bruised
; ;

Patrick McLaughlin, right breast bruised Henry Smith, ;

wounded by bullet in right shoulder.

Of Lieutenant J. P. Beard's command : Daniel Cramer, neck

grazed by Matten Cullen, collar bone broken
bullet ; ;
Frank
Murphy, three ribs broken and ankle bruised.
The only man who disgraced his uniform was Patrolman
Charles Dombrowski, a new member of the force, who fled to
a friend's house on Halsted street.

Seven policemen were killed, or died as a result of their

wounds. These were:
Mathias Degan, who attempted to walk to the station
though horribly wounded and who dropped dead half way ;

John J. Barret was the next to go only 25 years old, he died

;

the second morning. George Miller and Timothy Flavin next

followed the operation amputating the latter's leg didn't help.
;

Patrolman Michael Sheehan died the following Sunday, being

followed by Thomas Redden, who died on May 17. Nels
Hansen, th*e seventh victim, did not die till after seven weeks
of torture.

Nine Telephones Central 7100 Established 1872

EVERYTHING IN

HARDNA/ARE:
14-16 W. Randolph Street (near State Street) Chicago
140 o I H o

ADDED POWER
IN EVERY REVOLUTION
Every turning: wheel and shaft detracts
from the power which has been generated.
This loss through friction can be reduced to
the minimum only by means of perfect ball
bearings.
Mechanisms equipped with U. S Ball
Bearings are assured of the least possible
damage to the working parts, and the great
est saving andutilization of generated power

U. S. Ball Bearing Nig. Co.

(Conrad Patent Licensee)
PALrtER 5T. AND KOLMAR AVE.
CHICAGO U. S. Made for U. S. Trade.

FLAT FOOT WITH ARCH SUPPORT

PRONOUNCED Broken Down

OLIVE-EYE-LO

The Queen of
ARCHES
Toilet Soaps and all Deformities
adjusted by experts
It couldn't be better
ifi t cost a dollar a cake

PRICE TEN CENTS

2nd Floor

Wrisley Perfumer 156 N. STATE STREET

CHICAGO Opposite Masonic Temple

GILBERT COMPANY (NOT INCORPORATED)

Storm Sash and Metal Weatherstrips

GARAGES
WINDOW AND DOOR SCREENS
PORCHES SCREENED AND GLASSED
2933-35 N. CRAWFORD AVENUE
Phone Monticello 4707
Police History 141

Following the riot the police proceeded to stamp out the

anarchist organizations of the city. Hundreds of secret head-
quarters were raided and in many of these large quantities
of dynamite, arms and ammunition were found. The tre-
mendous excitement caused by the trial of the men obliterated
the work of the department in the newspapers, but this aided
rather than hindered the activities of the police. The an-
archist circles and societies disbanded never to meet again
with the freedom they had formerly enjoyed. Secret records
and data which the department had collected in the years pre-
ceding the riot were used and with the verdict of guilty, which
was returned against the men came, the assurance that the
city was free from the danger of organized anarchy.

The jury sentenced August

Spies, Michael Schwab, Samuel
Fielden, Albert Parsons, Adolph Fischer, George Engel and
Louis Lingg to death and found Oscar Neebe guilty of murder
and sentenced him to 15 years in the penitentiary.

On the 10th of November Louis Lingg placed a dynamite

bomb in his mouth and lit the fuse. The lower
part of his
face was blown away and he died during the afternoon, bear-

ing his pain like a stoic. On the same afternoon Governor

Richard Oglesby commuted the sentences of Samuel Fielden
and Michael Schwab to 20 years imprisonment.

The men met their death bravely on the scaffold on the 9th
of Thousands of people surrounded the jail and
December.
policemen armed with clubs and Winchesters patroled the in-
ner edge of the rope fence which was erected to keep back
the crowds.

Another squad men were stationed on the top of the

of
jail with rifles to command the crowd. Discovery of plots
to liberate the men by plowing up the jail by Detective Her-

WHEN YOU BUILD

Have the Plumber install

QUATURN FAUCETS They last as long as the Building

ASK YOUR ARCHITECT
The Chicago Faucet Company
2712 N. CRAWFORD AVENUE. CHICAGO
142 Police H i s t o

^f^^^M 0fe^Ui ^ vou wou ld have clean, -

mS IjAl sparkling bright furniture

O^t*
it
^^^ DAl'lfi'li as attractive as new use
^^^Jt OllSIl O' Cedar Polish And use
the O' Cedar Polish Way wit^1 water.
If the results do not delight you, your money returned
without a question.
25c lo 3.00 Sizes at all dealers

Channel Chemical Co. I

RATHBORNE, HAIR & RIDGWAY CO.

Boxes and Box iShooks

Office: 2279 S. UNION AVENUE

Telephone Canal 975
CHICAGO

Chicago Factories Shook Factory

'
. "Home of White Pine
Union and L/umberSts. Cloquet, Minn,

WM. J.CONDON E. J. GIBLIN

PHONE GARFIELD 3490

Condon and Giblin

Successors to

W. E. BRADLEY
3324 Madison Street
FUNERAL CHAPEL MOTOR SERVICE
> olice History 143

man Scheuttler caused every precaution possible to be taken

to watch the crowd. The Chicago avenue water tower was
guarded for weeks before and after the hanging against a
similar plot.

Following the funeral and parade, at which many of the

anarchist societies were represented, two funds were col-
lected. More than $10,000 was subscribed to care for the
bereft families and a $10,000 monument to the policemen who
had been killed and injured in the riot was erected in Union
Park.

Today Herman Schuettler isFirst Deputy Superintendent

of Police. During the winter months when the anarchists are
the most active, he still details men to attend the meetings
of the radicals and a secret service squad keeps him informed
as to the hidden moves of the trouble makers.

Mrs. Luella Parsons, wife of Albert Parsons, still lectures

on anarchy, but the attendance at her meetings is dwindling
year by year. The old group is going to join the four men
who were executed so long ago and a younger generation who
want reform by legislation is here.

"AS GOOD AS THB BEST"

HOTEL LOMBARD
ABSOLUTELY FIREPROOF
STH AVENUE AND QUINCY STREET
Jackson
(Near Boulevard)
C. C. COLLINS, Proprietor
TELEPHONE WABASH 5470
CHICAGO
OPENED MAY 1st 1914
200 ROOMS, Each with Private Tub Bath and Toilet
$1.50 $2.00 $2.50 PER DAY
Two squares from the Union, Grand Central and La Salle Depots adjoining: the
Leading Banks and Wholesale Houses.
1
144 Police History
PHONE LINCOLN 3356

JONES FASHION GARAGE

WILLIAM JONES, Proprietor

2645 NORTH CLARK STREET

GASOLINE AND ELECTRIC GARAGE

PRIVATE AMBULANCE SERVICE

fjpcf]5peier
UNDERTAKER

TELEPHONE WEST 4060

2215 WEST MADISON STREET

CHICAGO
 olice History 145

CHAPTER X.

THE RAILROAD STRIKE OF 1894

The report of Chief Brennan to Mayor Hopkins and the

city council on the great railroad strike of 1894 is the most
complete and least prejudiced of the many documents which
were later published of this great industrial calamity. Bren-
nan's report deserves to go down in history. It is absolutely
without bias and is one of the most remarkable papers ever
compiled by a police official of the city of Chicago. At the
end of the strike he sat down with the data collected. He
ignored the cause and gave the effect. It was the effect that
he had to contend with. In his report he makes the remark-
-able assertion that the police department would have had no

difficulty in controlling the strike had not the federal troops

been precipitated upon with city without warning, inciting
trouble and rioting. The soldier has always remained the
servant of capital and will always remain as such.

George Pullman may be blamed as the direct cause of the

strike. In 1880 he decided to erect a great industrial plant on
the present site of what is now West Pullman. Chicago was
then, as it is now, the greatest labor market in the United
States. So he founded his colony and thousands of illiterate
and ignorant Slavs moved into the little cottages furnished
by the company, sent their children to schools furnished by

Stobc^V&rniekc
Desks, Chairs, Tables, Files, Sectional Book Cases, Office Supplies
LARGEST STOCK IN THE CITY

11 & 15 North Wabash

146 o I i H i o

Furness Bros. Co.

(The Pump Shop}
Pumps, Compressors, Engines
Repaired
Bought, Sold, Exchanged
Telephone West 4326 1615 W. Walnut Street

Fire

Preventives RATHER
Chemical
Extinguishers
Pump
Extinguishers
Dry Powder
Extinguishers
6
Fire Buckets
Safety Non-
Explosive
Oil Cans
Oily-Waste
Cans
Ash and Gar-
DRUG STORED
bage Cans
Ash and Garb- OF QUALITY AND CUT PRICES
age Pails

Manufactured State and Madison

by
State and Adams
Geo.W.Diener

Mfg, Co,
State and Randolph
400-416 La Salle and Madison
Monticello
Avenue C. & N. W. Terminal
KEDZIE2266
Chicago
1
307-09 Milwaukee Av.
U. S. A.

Telephone Main 2381

McCarty Brothers, inc.

GENERAL CONTRACTORS AND BUILDERS

751 Otis Bldg., JO S. La Salle St. Chicago
Police History 147

the company, purchased their food from the company, and, in

fact,paid all the money they received from the company back
to the company. Pullman wasted several thousand dollars
erecting a beautiful library which still stands. Three dollars
was the amount charged to people who wished to read the
books and approximately one of every hundred and fifty em-
ployes took advantage of this commercialized beneficience.
Those who could afford it read books on economics.

Professors in economics came from all over the c'ountry to

study this new departure in the industrial field and almost
without exception they condemned the idea, calling it un-
American and a benevolent feudalism. Pullman established
one of the greatest fortunes in America. Fourteen years later,
in 1894, the people of the United States paid the millions he
had extracted from his shops a hundred fold. The strike
boosted the cost of living, disrupted great labor unions, and
caused hardship on laborer and capitalist alike.

When he couldn't get contracts enough to keep the plant

running, thousands of men were laid off and wages were de-
creased. But at the same time Pullman forgot to reduce the
rents of the cottages and these were rigorously collected
whether the occupants worked or not. His Slavs learned to
speak English. Instead of 10 different languages his workers
now spoke one tongue and certain individuals made use of
the knowledge of economics they had gained in their own
countries and which had been strengthened by books from
his $3 per year library.

In '94 the population of Pullman was 12,000. Six thousand

men went on strike for better working conditions and more
pay. The American Railway Union took up the fight. The
strike at Pullman became a lockout and the railway union de-

Phones-Monroe 4839, Monroe 3612

Automatic 34-099

Chicago IronA. C.
& Steel Works
CARLSON
Structural Steel, Ornamental Iron
Forging, Blacksmithing
Office and Works 733 FULTON STREET CHICAGO
148 Police History
ESTABLISHED IN 1854

MORRIS L. GREEI.EY, Pres. SYLVBSTER N. HOWARD, Sec'y

FRED NORLIN, Vice-Pres. and Treas.

Greeky-fioward-norlin Co.
SURVEYORS AND ENGINEERS
Suite 517, 30 North La Salle Street
Telephone Main 67 CHICAGO

TELEPHONE HARRISON 1601

THE

^ress
PRESSWORK
FOR T H E T RADE

633 PLYMOUTH PLACE CHICAGO

TELEPHONE' HARRISON 1000

AUTOMATIC 52-964

Illinois Electrotype Co.

Electrotypers, Nickeltypers
Designers Engravers
Wood, Wax and Steel Plates

314-318 S. Canal Street CHICAGO

> o I i c e History 149

cided not to draw Pullmancars. The strike was lost when the
federal court sentenced Eugene V. Debs to six months in jail
for conspiracy and gave a number of other union officials three
months on the same charge. They served their terms, but
this action broke the strike. Since that time the shops have
never been unionized and sporadic outbreaks have occurred at
different times which have been met with and quelled by the

police. Here follows a slightly abbreviated account of the

strike by Chief Brennan.

The strike began on May 11 and trouble centered itself in

Chicago where the headquarters of the unions are located.
The excitement was intense and newspapers devoted columns
to alleged trouble and riotings along railroad lines. Ex-
aggerated reports were made of alleged riots, burnings,
murders and fighting and disorder of all kinds, yet records of
this department show few casualties and that much of the

supposed disorder existed only in the minds of those who gave

in the reports.

It was not until June 27th that Chicago was affected by the

Pullman strike. On this date the railroads suddenly called for

protection and it devolved upon the police to protect hundreds
of miles of tracks within the city. Actual rioting did not occur
till July 4th, the day after the troops arrived in the city. From
the reports of commanding and the reports of the
officers
railroad companies I am would have been no
satisfied there
trouble in the city had the troops remained away. At this
juncture I sent out an order defining our duties and caution-
ing the force to remain neutral.

People became incensed at the arrival of the troops and there

was trouble at Halsted street and Emerald avenue and on the
Lake Shore tracks. This was subdued and the police also dis-

Mitchell Automobile Go,

2334-6-8 S. Michigan Ave.
CALUMET J430
150 Police History
ELECTRIC LIGHTS RATES: $4.00 to $9,00 WEEKLY
TELEPHONE IN ALL ROOMS BYDAY75cUP

Ibotel Wscbmere
AND CAFE
E. S. RISK. Proprietor
PHONE CALUMET 5926
Walking Distance To Loop Cottage Grove Ave. Cars To Hotel
COR. INDIANA AVENUE AND 18th STREET
CHICAGO

Phone Harrison 7092

GUY WOODS, Pres.

I

Composition Babies
Character Dolls,
Stuffed Toys, Etc.
Paddle Wheels.Raf fie Wheels,

Paper Paddles Rented For

All Occasions.

4838-40-42
Cottage Grove Avenue
Telephones Oakland 522-523 75 W. Van Buren St.

CHICAGO CHICAGO

THIS SPACE PAID FOR BY A ERIEND OF

olice IPensioners
rotective Hss'n,

D. L. CO.
> o 1 i c e History 151

persed a crowd which had blocked a train from leaving the

stockyards. May 8th Mayor Hopkins called for state troops
after a personal inspection of conditions with myself and

Corporation Counsel Rubens. The whole available force in

the state was brought to Chicago for duty. That evening at
49th and Loomis, Company F of the 2d regiment of the militia
fired into a crowd, killing four people and wounding 20. It
is a notable fact that there was no trouble where there was no
troops. The
police escorted trains, attacked mobs, charged
crowds and while there were many split heads and sore spots-
after such affrays, no life was taken.
i

Much trouble was caused by false alarms and there is strong

suspicion that many of the fires in freight cars were set by U.
S. deputy marshals who hoped to retain their position by
making These men were a constant source of an-
disorder.
noyance, having been enlisted from the scum of the city.
While some were honest men others were thieves, ex-convicts
and in some instances strikers were hired. Several were ar-
rested for stealing from the cars they guarded. They were
careless with their pistols and one killed a companion while
another shot himself. The entire force, which had been en-
larged to 3,500 men by the mayor, was on duty constantly.
Frequently men were on duty 20 hours of the 24. Some did
not see their families for weeks. More than 100,000 people
were thrown out of employment and the situation grew more
serious.

While numerous freight cars were overturned, wrecked and

burned hundreds of others were rescued from destruction by
the police. At different times our men complained of the
conduct of the marshals who fired into crowds without prov-
ocation.

American Colortype Company

COLOR PRINTERS
AND PUBLISHERS
Works, New York, 11-1 n o^. of
1151 KOSC06 Street, Chicago
Chicago and Newark
J52 Police Hisfory
NEW YORK Phone Randolph 4364 PITTSBURGH

LIBERTY
Incandescent Light Co.
Manufacturers and Jobbers of

CHANDELIERS AND GAS MANTLES

Electric Flashlights and Batteries
64 West Lake Street CHICAGO, ILL.

Is 50% Worth Saving?

TIRES We Have Not Raised Our
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We are the "World's Largest
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We pay spot cash for all tires
and sell for cash only.
We sell direct to the consumer,
and make our adjustments with
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We do no advertising but depend
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draw the business to us.
Our wonderful growth is your best assurance of good quality and service

TIRE CO, OF AMERICA

CHICAGO'S TIRE BARGAIN CENTER
1239 Michigan Ave. 453 RtisH St. CHicago, 111.
Open Evenings and Sundays

A COMPLETE LINE OF BUILDERS' DERRICKS

DERRICKS DELIVERED ON TRIAL

TO RELIABLE CONTRACTORS.
Our Motto isSatisfaction or Derrick returned.
For Builders Derricks call up Lincoln 7200
2057 N. RACINE AVENUE
SASQEN DERRICK CO. CHICAGO, ILL.
 o I H o 153

The amount of property destroyed is estimated at $685,782

and wages lost by the strikers amounted to about $2,000,000.

There were two policemen killed and 1 injured, 1 militiaman

killed and 2 injured, 8 citizens killed and 42 injured, 2 marshals
killed and 7 injured and 1 special policeman was injured.

The police killed nobody and only seriously injured 1, the

militia killed 5 and injured 16, marshals seriously injured 8,
citizens killed 2 and injured 1, and 1 man was killed and 18 in-

jured by unknown persons while 5 died and 9 were injured

from accidents. The total number of people killed was 13,

injured 53. An
accidental explosion of a cassion killed 4
troopers and wounded 15 at Oakwood and Grand boulevards.
The police force arrested 575 persons during the strike.

The strike cost the department $124,000 and the last of the
troops were withdrawn from the city on August 7, almost a
month after the end of the strike. The special commission
appointed by President Grover Cleveland to investigate the
trouble commended the force for its bravery and efficiency.

Chief Brennan thanked the troops, the militia and Chicago

who had helped the department.
military organizations

White City Electric Co.

CONTRACTORS FOR
INSTALLATION and EQUIPMENT
LIGHTING-PO WER TELEPHONES
Phones Franklin 1355-1389 14 N. Franklin Street, Chicago
154 o H o

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ASK FOR Eliminates Carbon

CHERIOLA
5c
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1748LAKE STREET
CHICAGO
PHONE WEST 1794

The Oxygenerator is designed to fit any

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for pleasure cars and special
prices on trucks and tractors.

CIGARS The Oxygenerator Co.

1917 Michigan Ave., Chicago
BEST MADE Phone Ca!umet 843. Open This Evening.

The Norton System

OF
HANDLING DOORS
Norton Liquid Check

The only Check approved by the

Underwriters Laboratories, Chicago

Telephone Monroe 5720

LA KURBA CIGAR COMPANY
NORTON DOOR CHECK CO,
MAKERS 904 W. LAKE ST. CHICAGO
 History 155

CHAPTER XL
THE TRAFFIC SQUAD
One of the first of the many notable things commanding
the attention of the visitor to Chicago is the "Loop," that
maelstrom of humanity, autos, trucks, wagons and street cars.
Within the radius of a few blocks are hundreds of tremendous
office buildings, hotels and stores. That, the visitor is told,
is "The Loop," the pulsing heart of the middle-west. Through
its canyons daily throng millions of people. Thousands of
tons of merchandise are carried through the streets. Railroads
surround it to empty freight and travelers into it. Beneath
the street level are freight tunnels which only partially relieve
the surface congestion. Hundreds of car lines terminate and
turn back in this district. Here rules Energy and the noise
He makes never ceases.
The next impression created in the visitor's mind is that of
the order of things. Everybody is going somewhere and all
seem to be trying to reach their destination in the least pos-
sible time. A shrill whistle is heard through the clamor of
street cars, the shrieking of automobiles and the rumble of

wagons. Traffic going one way ceases and surges forward

in another direction. The visitor looks to find two, three and
sometimes four policemen guarding a crossing and as he
passes quickly from block to block he forms in his mind the
story he'll tell to the folks back home of "The Loop" and the
hundreds of policemen who keep "the wheels turning" more
efficiently than any other traffic squad in the world.

The George Wittbold Company

737 Buckingham Place, Chicago
As near to you as your phone, call Graceland 1112
156 Police History
Telephones:
Police History 157

In 1906 Chief John M.

Collins asked permission from the
squad of mounted policemen. The
city council to establish a
aldermen granted him an appropriation to purchase forty
horses. Two years later finds fifty-nine men in the mounted
squad, which is under the command of Captain Charles C.

Healey. It was during this year that Captain Healey repre-

sented Chief George M. Shippy in a series of conferences which
were held between the Team Owners' Association, the
Teamsters' Union and the law department of the city. At
these meetings Captain Healey and an assistant corporation
counsel explained the traffic laws and mapped the foundation
of other ordinances governing traffic which were later passed

by the city council. Both the union and team owners co-
operated and today every teamster, chauffeur and street car
motorman has a thorough understanding of traffic rules and
regulations.

In his report for the year 1907 Chief Shippy commented :

\Ye now have the traffic situation pretty well in hand. In

fact,there is a large decrease in the number of arrests, owing
to the education of the teamsters regarding the rules of the
road. During the year the mounted squad handled 169 acci-
dent cases and have been doing exceptionally good work, as
have also the crossing police. Never in the history of the de-
partment has our downtown district been better taken care of,
All commercial asociations have commented favorably on this
work.
For a number of years the headquarters of the mounted
squad were in an old barn at 539 South State street and in
1915 Secretary Si Mayer of the department fitted up a build-
ing at Austin avenue and La Salle street, which is now the
headquarters of the traffic squad. The foot men used to
travel from the Central Detail station.

Distributors TELEPHONE
FORD, PAIGE. nAXWELL, CHALMERS LAKE VIEW

3308-10 Sheffield Avenue

Expert Machinists
Repairers and Welders
158 Police History
J. HYLUAHL S. HYLDAHL

HYLDAHL BROS.
GENER4L COMMISSION MERCHANTS
Fruits and Vegetables. Potatoes and Apples a Specialty

714-716 WEST RANDOLPH STREET

PHONES MONROE 1913-1657
CHICAGO
References: Fort Dearborn National Bank, Chicago and Commercial Agencies

L-LJIVI

General Offices: 3500 South Racine Ave.

CHICAGO

Mills and Yards Yellow Pine Mills:

35th and South Racine Ave. Richton, Miss.
Belmont and Kimball Ave. Warren, Ark.
63rd and LaSalle Streets Embree, S. C.
Chicag-o

TELEPHONE FRANKLIN 2719 STABLES, 874 GEARY STREET

TELEPHONE FRANKLIN 1708 PHONE SUPERIOR 8126

F. L. CLARK
TEAMING CONTRACTOR

30-32 North Franklin Street CHICAGO

Police History 159

In 1908 Captain Healey requested an additional 25 mounted

men to handle the increasing traffic in the loop and to help
patrol suburban territory. In his report for that year he says
25 mounted men are in the loop in the forenoon and 23 in the
afternoon. Then he tells of an experiment he made which
proved to be a success. He placed three horses at the Sumer-
dale station and two horses at the South Englewood station.
Each of these mounted men traveled 15 miles a day, doubling

up on the beat of the patrolmen and coming in very handy

indeed on several occasions to suburbanites.

In 1911 Chief John McWeeny announced that the work of

the traffic squad had been very gratifying and asked for more
horses that the congestion in the loop might be relieved.
Twenty-four mounted men were injured this year stopping
runaways and through their horses falling. This year the
mounted men were ordered to report street defects such as
broken manholes and faulty paving. There were 408 of these
reports made.

Chief McWeeny's request for 25 more mounted men was

granted, and on January 1. 1912, the mounted squad covered a
territory from Kinzie to Twelfth streets and from Halsted
street to Sixteenth street and from Canal street to Michigan
avenue. Today the mounted squad consists of 151 men and
of this number 40 are detailed to outlying stations where they
assist in the patroling of suburban homes by covering from ten
to fifteen miles a day. These men are organized on a military
basis, the lieutenant calling the sergeants his non-commis-
sioned officers. The majority of the men in the squad have
served in the United States cavalry and others come from the
artillery and the infantry. Before being transferred to the
mounted squad each man is examined by the captain in charge
with regard to fitness. The mounted squad are picked men

The Whitacre Fireproofing Go.

MANUFACTURERS AND CONTRACTORS

Hollow Tile Fireproofing For Buildings

CHICAGO OFFICE: Suite 1107 538 South Dearborn Street

TELEPHONE HARRISON 3637

160 Police History
Telephone Belmoiit 6791

Henry Roos Foundry Co*

IRON FOUNDRY
ARCHITECTURAL AND STRUCTURAL STEEL
1749-1757 Ballou Street CHICAGO

FRANK PARMELEE
TRANSFER CO.
Main Office, 111 West Adams Street
Telephones Wabash 1914 Auto. 54-524
With our large equipment we are prepared to furnish unequalled service in the pick-
up and delivery of baggage- By presenting- your railroad tickets at any of our offices
we will be pleased to check your baggage through to destination over all railroads.
Our Branch Offices are conveniently located throughout the city as follows.
SOUTH SIDE 4649 Cottage Grove Avenue Telephone Oakland 3982
43rd St. Station I. C. R. R. Oakland 4120
53rd St. Station I. C- R. R. .
Hyde Park 6700
63rd St. Station I. C-R. R.... Hyde Park 6709
Englewood (Union Station) Englewood 637
47thSt. Station C.W.I. R R. Yards 1582
63rd St. Station C.W.I. R. R. Wentworth 922
31st St. Station Douglas 4441
63rd St. Station B. &O. R. R. Prospect 2471
NORTH SIDE 3941 Sheridan Road.. Lake View 3439
937 Webster Avenue. Lincoln 3077
1110 Wilson Avenue Edgewater 6782
ROGERS PARK 7052 North Clark Street.... Rogers Park 374
EVANSTON 1609 Maple Avenue Bvanston 1140
WEST SIDE 731 West Adams Street Monroe 1450
3501 West Madison Street Kedzie 3636
Our agents meet all incoming trains and are located at all railroad
stations and steamship docks in Chicago.

JOHN D. CORE, CHARLES A. McCULLOCH,

Sec'y and Treas, General Manager

1R, B. Bllcn Company

Auto Ambulance 859 North Clark Street

Telephones: Superior 615; Automatic 37-433
> o I i c e History 161

and in a street car strike, traffic blockades, fires and still other
industrial troubles they have proven themselves a valuable

acquisition to the regular force.

Since their organization the mounted police have assisted

the regular force in breaking up anarchist parades and meet-
ings, and have given efficient aid in the newspaper drivers'
strike, the building trades strike, and the more recent street car
and garment workers' strike.

When Captain Healey was appointed Chief of Police by

Mayor William Hale Thompson one of his first orders on en-
tering upon the duties of that office was to appoint Lieutenant
Denman as acting captain of the mounted squad. Denman was
a sergeant under Healey when the squad was first organized.
He assisted the present chief in the development of a stand-
ard of efficiency which has never yet been equalled by another
city. Healey himself has studied the traffic problem and he
made his men
study with him. Years were spent in the con-
templation of work done in other cities. Denman rose in rank
to a lieutenancy. When Healey was appointed Chief he looked
in vain for a captain who really understood traffic regulation.
He finally decided that Lieutenant Denman was the only of-
ficer inthe department competent to handle the job, and there
is public confidence in the fact that a better appointment could

not have been made.

Under Captain Denman are three lieutenants. Two com-

mand the foot crossing men and the other
charge of the is in

mounted squad. Lieutenant George H. Weideling, who rides

out with the men every day, is one of the crack revolver shots
of the United States and generally heads the revolver team
of the department whenever a competition is entered. The
two companies of foot crossing men are under the command

Special Rates by the Week to the Profession F. M. YOUNG, Prop.

NeW Jackson
o A E: LJ FJ i=> E: rvi
Hotel
F>L-AIM
Rates 75 cents per day and up
Room with Bath, $1.00 per day and up

First*Class Cafe, 'Buffet and

Cabaret in connection
Phone HAYMARKET 780 Jackson Blvd. and Halsted St., Chicago
162 Police History
Telephone Franklin 2810-11

AndersoruStevens Co.
MASON AND GENERAL
CONTRACTORS
SO North La Salle Street CHICAGO

COMPLIMENTS
OF

Lindsay Light Co.

CHICAGO NEW YORK

ESTABLISHED 1893 INCORPORATED 191O

F. C. HOLMES & CO.

Wholesale Fresh, Salt and Smoked

OYSTERS SEA FOODS

Distributors of Oysters in Car Lots

85 1 W. Randolph St., Chicago

 o I i H o 163

of Lieutenant John Martin No. 1, and John Martin No. 2. One

of these three men is on the job constantly in the loop dis-
trict and it is said, much to their credit, that they can dissolve
a traffic blockade in less time than any other police force in
the country.

From seven till eight o'clock in the morning the loop cross-
ings are guarded by the mounted squad. When they are re-
lieved by one company of foot men they travel post till one
o'clock. They are relieved in turn by another mounted troop
which leave quarters at 12 :15 o'clock and who remain on duty
till 6 :30 in the evening.

Another company of foot men go on duty at ten o'clock and

remain till 6 :45. The
occasional blockades which are apt to
result in the after-theater crowds are handled by a reserve

squad or by policemen traveling beat out of the Central Detail

station.

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

Fans .A 1 Air Washers

\Buill- Right/
Engines Y RunRiqh|Y Dryers
Heaters \ / Blowers
164 Police Histo
The Harmony Cafeteria
CONTINUOUS SERVICE
BREAKFAST LUNCHEON SUPPER
Other Harmony Cafeterias 15 SOUTH WA.BA.SH AVENUE
58-60 W.Washington St. M ^OOR
*' N
21-23 S. Dearborn Street NKAR MADISON STREET
321-328 S. Wabash Ave. TELEPHONE CENTRAL 3O65

WHOLESOME HOME COOKING

TELEPHONE CANAL 930-931

C. L. WILLEY
Manufacturer and Dealer in

VENEER MAHOGANY
W
LARGEST VENEER PLANT IN THE WORLD

Foreign and Domestic Hardwood Lumber

MEMPHIS, TENN.

Office, Yard and Dock: 1225 Robey Street

One Block South of Blue Island Avenue CHICAGO

D. C.BLANCHARD DON. C. BLANCHARD. Jr

TELEPHONE HUMBOLDT 972 AND 973

The Claremont Garage

AUTOMOBILES For Hire Day or Night
1

Limousines, Touring Cars, Storage, Repairing, Supplies

RAYFIELD CARBURETOR SERVICE STATION
ELECTRIC CHARGING SI ATION
Oakley Boulevard and West Division St, CHICAGO
Police History 165

CHAPTER XI.

DEVELOPMENT OF POLICE
DEPARTMENT
YEAR BY YEAR FROM 1879

1879 Chief V. A. Seavey requested an additional 300 men

for the department and asked a raise in pay for the men. The
latter was not granted till three years later and the request for
300 more patrolmen was ignored by the city council. This
year the expenses of the department amounted to $432,758 and
according to the first annual report which was published this
year, the department owned property valued at $165,499.67.
The force consisted of 409 patrolmen, 4 captains, 18 lieuten-
ants, 10 sergeants and 10 detectives. A
total of 79 patrolmen
had been dismissed because the administration decided to
economize and re-establish the credit of the city. Despite this,

27,208 arrests were made and $230,720 was collected in fines

by the justices of the peace. Chief Seavey called the attention

of the aldermen to the large number of men and boys who
were carrying "seven-shooters" a new model of revolver
which was popular at that time and asked the passage of an
ordinance carrying a severe penalty for carrying concealed
weapons. The council acted favorably on this suggestion and
also appropriated $375 for the first horse and wagon owned
by the department. The men were paid in "city scrip" which
was subject to the fluctuations of the money market and .in

COMPLIMENTS OF
THE BR,UN5WICK KEITH CO. INCORPORAT ED
R. P. BRUNSWICK, President.

CHICAGO'S LEADING TAILORS

Office and Salesrooms Phones
HAMILTON CLUB BUILDING Randolph 6048
13 South Dearborn Street Automatic 42-330
166 Police History
T1
lelepnones / Randolph
v,
< -r> O o^
4129
\ Randolph 4882

Wisconsin Granite Company

PAVING BLOCKS, CURBING, CROSSINGS
CRUSHED GRANITE AND ROUGH STOCK
1503 Lumber Exchange Bldg. CHICAGO

The Greatest Battery Improve-

ment in Years

Found only in the VESTA

DOUBLES BATTERY LIFE
Investigate this claim before you buy a new
starting battery. Write for booklet "What's
Inside". Get the facts

Vesta Accumulator Company

Lamps, Batteries, Electric Lighting Equipment

2100 Indiana Avenue Chicago

PHONE KED/1E 434

EDWARD JOHANNING, Prop.

HIGH GRADE WORK

44204422 W. Madison Street CHIGAGO
Wagons Call Everywhere
>olice History 167

some instances their salary of $900 did not have the purchas-
ing power to support their families. Jobs on the police force
were not so popular then as now. Chief Seavey, also, always
under
liked to call attention to his efficient detective force
Lieutenant William McGarigle. He was never contradicted
in his contention that Chicago had the best detective force
in the country.

1880 This year the expenses of the department increased

to $493,672.38. Fifty new patrolmen were added by the coun-
cil and the total force now numbers 473 men. From the 28,480

persons who were arrested $151,560 in fines was .collected,

under Chief William J. McGarigle a number of telephone po-
lice boxes were installed in the West Twelfth Street Station's

district, and these proved so successful that $58,000 was asked

from the council to erect patrol boxes in other precincts. "The
number of arrests was doubled a marked decrease in crime
;

was noted and the efficiency of the patrolmen in that territory

was increased a thousand percent," remarks Chief McGarigle.
This year a number of patrol wagons was added to the regu-
lar force. Records of the department show they were painted
a bright blue with brilliant red wheels. Under the seats were
extra clubs, stretchers and handcuffs and there was even a
ring affixed to the bottom of the wagon to tie unruly, obstrep-
erous prisoners to.

1881 Austin J. Doyle is superintendent this year and he

credits the increase in the number of arrests to the patrol box
system. This year $159,495 was collected in fines from the
32,800 people who were arrested. The expenses of the depart-
ment amounted to $659,259.70 and the force had increased to
557 men.

1882 Tremendous crowds now thronged the downtown

district daily and 100 men were placed at the Central Detail

Harrison 5044, 404, 405 and 406

A ,.
Automatic rrVe
51526

MAGNET, WINSLOW & CO.

ESTABLISHED 1854

PROVISION DEALERS
440 to 502 South Clark Street
ERNEST HEG, Prop. CHICAGO
168 Police History
COMPLIMENTS OF

Metro Pictures Service

HARRY WEISS, MCR.

PRIVATE EXCHANGE
CENTRAL 4932

ozzens
(o
Dealer in all Kinds of

Horses and Mules

HORSES BOUGHT ON COMMISSION

UNION STOCK YARDS

TELEPHONE YARDS 77 CHICAGO

TTbe Hrt mflall (paper fllMlls

Manufacturers of the Famous

"ART" PAPERS
21st Street and Western Ave.
PHONES CANAL 94-95-96-97 CHICAGO
>olice History 169

station to handle the traffic. Chief Doyle called the swinging

bridges a nuisance and told how a blockade resulted every
time one was opened. The efficient work of the police this
year resulted in a $100 increase in pay and the appropriation
bill for 1883 carried with it $1,000 for each patrolman. This
year 368 police alarm boxes was reported in operation and a

wagon was assigned to each 25 boxes, needless to say, but

this was more than enough to keep them going day and night.

1882 It cost $703,579.66 to run the department this year.

Clubwomen forced the city council to appoint police matrons
and Chief Doyle expressed himself well satisfied with the
work they accomplished in helping women prisoners both
spiritually and materially. A total of 37,187 arrests were made
and $223,441 in fines imposed. Under Doyle there is a $10,000
appropriation for secret service. Most of this money was
spent quelling anarchist troubles and labor differences by the
maintenance of an information bureau which reported to the
Chief what the radicals and labor unions intended to do before
it was done. The aldermen thought the money well spent.

1883 The 924 policemen this year made 39,434 arrests.

Police magistrates imposed $229,230 in fines. Twenty-four men
were injured on duty and the number of patrol boxes has in-
creased to 434. Expenses of the department, $779,921.45.

1884 This year Frederick Ebersold was at the head of the

department and under him 926 men arrested 40,998 persons
who were fined a total of $202,000. Twenty-two men were in-
jured on duty the patrol boxes number 474. Expenses of the
;

department passed the million mark this year, being

$1,079,344.74.

1886 The city council increased the number of patrolmen

to 1,145 men this year. They made 46,505 arrests and the

John A Knisely Richard W. Knisely Chas- T. Knisely

KNISELY BROS.
AND IRON
ROOFERS
SLATE, TIN, TILE

Manufacturers of
COPPER AND GALVANIZED IRON
AUTOMATIC FIRE-PROOF WINDOWS
Approved National Board
'
by of Underwriters)
Galvanized Iron and Copper Cornices and Skylights
2727-2745 FIFTH AVENUE
TEL. CALUMET 1266-CALl MET 1267 CHICAGO
170 Police History
PHONE CANAL, 6667 John F. Balcer, Mgr.
NOTARY PUBLIC

XanMorfce ant) Collecting Baenc^ of Chicago

REAL ESTATE LOANS FIRE INSURANCE
...ABSTRACTS EXAMINED CAREFULLY..-
Safety Deposit Boxes $2.50 Per Year.

1735 W. 18th Street CHICAGO

ITce Co-

26th AND COTTAGE GROVE AVE.

CHICAGO

PLANTS PHONF
26th and Cottage Grove
65th and State Street CALUMET 3110

TELEPHONE L/INCO^N 211

jFrencb Ibanb ILaunbr^ Co.

EXPERT LAUNDERERS
OF FINE LINEN

2157 N. Clark St. CHICAGO

 o lice History 171

in fines.
"justice shops" collected $259,249 Expenses of the
department amounted to $1,303,562.67.

1887 A more than $305,000 in fines was charged up

little

to the 50,432 persons arrested by the 1,255 policemen this

year. George H. Hubbard signs the report as Chief

and says
501 patrol boxes keep the 24 wagons and 107 horses owned
by the department pretty busy. Expenses this year were
$1,475,135.32.

1888 The annexation of the towns of Hyde Park., Lake

View, Jefferson and Lake added 266 new men to the Chicago
Police. Department and it took Chief Hubbard fully two years
to assimilate them into the Force, which he was slowly, but

surely, organizing into one vast unit for the protection of Chi-
cago. The total roll call of the department now numbers
1,624 men and 48,119 arrests were made, resulting in $275.925
in fines. Records show that 41 men were injured on duty
this year.

1889 The appropriation bill for the department this year

jumps above the two million mark and exactly $2,200,126.96

was spent protecting Chicago. Chief Hubbard installed new
patrol boxes in some of the annexed territory, showing that
now 654 boxes have been installed and 38 wagons with 163
horses are constantly on the job at all of the stations. The
department now numbers 1,900 men, who made 62.230 arrests,
which was resultant in $363,938 in fines. Chief Hubbard
points out that a large number of police will be needed to
cope with the crime and criminals the World's Fair was ex-
pected to bring to Chicago with the fame, glory, visitors and
money of such an event, and asks a large increase in his force.
"It has been a remarkable year for the department," his re-
port to the mayor and council reads. "The department has
now reached a stage of efficiency which, if maintained, will

Telephone Harrison 1593 Telephone Auto. 51-288

LIPSEY AND COMPANY

RECEIVERS OF GRAIN
ORDERS IN FUTURES SOLICITED
POSTAL TELEGRAPH BUILDING
Directors CONSIGNMENTS OUR SPECIALTY
WILSON F. HKNDERSON
JOHN Q. PUFFKR
WM. H.CUNNINGTON CHICAGO, ILL.
172 Police History
CALUMET 10O

STEARNS CARS
WESTERN MOTOR CAR CO.
DISTRIBUTORS

2431 MICHIGAN AVENUE

H. T. HOLLINQSHEAD
President

Drink It Straight

i
ASH'S BITTERS
FOR

CONSTIPATION
AT ANY BAR

M. LESERMAN H, LESERMAN J. LESERMAN

Leserman Bros.
PRODUCE COMMISSION MERCHANTS
Butter, Eggs, Poultry Game and Calves
Monroe 47
(
Monroe 48
6io-2i-23W. Randolph St.
Telephones ^
]
I Auto. 33994 CHICAGO
 o lice History 173

make the best in the world.

it We
have captured every mur-
derer and few indeed are the criminals who escaped the net
we have spread in Chicago to entangle them. We
have also
helped the police of other cities by capturing an unusually
large number of fugitives.

1891 Chief R. W. McClaughry lists thirty-eight men who

performed meritorious acts during the year. The men of the
department, he said, never missed an opportunity to distin-
guish themselves and the bravery of individuals totaled such
a large percentage in 1892 that the list was not published in
the annual report. A total of 89,833 arrests were made in '91
and $615,822 in fines resulted. The expenses of the depart-
ment amounted to $3,035,043.92. More than 2,600 alarms were
answered by the three ambulances and the total number of
patrol wagons had been increased to 40 and 225 alarm boxes
now assisted in the policing of the city.

1892 and 1893 covered elsewhere in this volume.

1894 This year the department rose above the demoraliza-

tion caused by a council order to decrease the force 275 men.
For a short time there was confusion and wholesale dismis-
sals were expected. But Chief M. Brennan sent out word men
would be released gradually, that only men with poor records
would be dismissed and a more strict enforcement of the rules
governing the department would be observed till the decrease
had been made. This communication put the men upon their
mettle and while rigid discipline was maintained the charac-
ter and morals of the department improved and the standard
of conduct of the men was elevated.

Because of the financial situation the miscellaneous fund of

the department was cut to almost nothing and no repairs were
made. Chief Brennan urged an increase in the force and

ILG ELECTRIC VENTILATING CO.

MANUFACTURERS

Fans, Blowers and Exhausters

WHITING AND WELLS STREETS

TELEPHONE SUPERIOR 3433 CHICAGO
174 Police History

AND MANUFACTURER OF

WE Continental Bolt
and Iron Works
LOAN
MONEY
IN ANY AMOUNT BOLT AND NUT
ON IMPROVED MANUFACTURING
CHICAGO
REAL ESTATE

MADISON AND KEDZIE

STATE BANK 43rd and Western Ave.
3131 W.MADISON ST. CHICAGO

TELEPHONE MAIN 2762

LEONARD SEED CO.

Wholesale Seed Growers and Dealers

226-228-230 WEST KINZIE ST. CHICAGO

Police History 175

pointed out how Chicago now had 1,800,000 people and had
only 2,277 men to patrol 187 square miles of territory. More
than 400 patrolmen were detailed on fixed posts and this fur-
ther crippled the force. During the year, however, 500 extra
men were placed on duty in the great railroad strike and boy-
cott. So in '95 the department had 3,188 men.

Because of the severe criticism entailed by some of the

members of the department. Chief Brennan came out direct in
his report in the defense of his men. He said in the report :

"The popular idea of a policeman's duties appears to fall

far short of the actual facts. Besides maintaining the peace as
far as matters under his personal observation, he must
fall

serve warrants and other processes of the police courts when

required so to do he must be on the lookout for and report
;

defective sidewalks, unemptied garbage boxes, leaking water

pipes, flooded sewers, broken pavements and dangerous build-
ings. He is relied upon to do almost anything, from taking a
drunken man home to his family to rescuing persons from
death in a burning house. He must be the guardian of all
sorts of things and persons, from unhitched teams to lost chil-
dren, and he is expected to catch a fleeing burglar or a run-
away horse with equal promptness and facility. He must
make canvasses of the city for all purposes, and he is expected
to know where all the car lines run and where all hotels, sta-
tions and public buildings are located. The average citizen
would find it hard to answer correctly half the questions put
to a policeman in the course of a day."

Charges of everything from "pilfering to politics" had been

made against the department and Chief Brennan invited com-
parison of the force with an equal number of men taken from
the body of the population of the city. The slanders, he said.

North Avenue State

North Avenue and Larrabee Street
Bank
A SAFE BANK FOR YOUR SA VINGS
Savings Deposits in sums of One Dollar or more to any amount are
received, on which three per cent interest is allowed
MONEY DEPOSITED computed semi-annually.
ON OR BEFORE THE TENTH OF ANY MONTH
WILL RECEIVE INTEREST FROM THE FIRST OF THAT MONTH
^%afp T^fr\rcif A7oii1fc> The most spacious and complete Safe Deposit
w^aic -LVCpUSlL V d.UlLb Vaults on the North Side are operated in con-
nection with this Bank. Boxes $3.00 peryear upwards.
OFFICERS
LANDON C. ROSE, President OTTO G ROEHLING. Cashier
JOHN T. EMERY. Vice Pres. CLARENCE E. STIMMING, Asst. Cashier
CHARLES E SCHICK. Vice Pres. VICTOR H. THIELE, Assistant Cashier
YOUR BUSINESS IS CORDIALLY INVITED.
176 o I i H o

Good designs in
upholstered
KARPEN FURNITURE furniture for every purpose
Living-room and Library suites comprising sofas,
davenports, arm chairs and rockers, fireside chairs,
chaise-longues, tables, desks, benches and ottomans.
Sun parlor furniture in new and interesting styles, finished and deco-
rated in Indestructible Albanol Enamel and luxuriously upholstered.
Sold by Furniture Dealers
Everywhere
Kaurpei) Kaorpef)
G\J
?vr js.rvie.ed
UpXolslered
Furrvi\ire
S. KARPEN & BROS. Upholstered
Furiviivirc
Chicago San Francisco New York

SAM COHN JIM LOVELLETTE

Phone Oakland 3898 Proprietors

Telephone
Franklin 2862

RANDALL &
PROUDFIT Hotel
CO. EUROPEAN
PLAN
Wholesale Bakers
Rates $1.00 per day and up

Rooms with Bath

Special Rates by the Week
MITY NICE
BREAD
172-176 N. Clark Street
Chicago
One door north of
5322-32 Federal Street Hotel Sherman

Manufacturers
of
Metal and
Fabric
Specialties for

Automobile
Motorcycle
and
Bicycle

ERO MFG. CO , 416-18 W. Grand Ave., Chicago

>olice History 177

came from the months of thoughtless, if not malicious, men.

This year was an important one in the history of the depart-
ment and the figures here quoted will give the reader an idea
of the multiple duties of the police then, to which still other
tasks have been added in later years. There were 88,323 per-
sons arrested and $452,340 in fines imposed. Besides this,
3,865 lost children were restored to their parents, 133,006
homeless persons were allowed to sleep in the stations, 136,-
615 meals were provided to the homeless and to prisoners,
4,927 accidenSs were reported, 377 burglaries frustrated, 416
dead bodies found, 2,591 disturbances suppressed, 377 'defec-
tive drains reported, also 227 defective gas pipes, 847 defective

hydrants, 1,142 water pipes, 1,073 sewers and catch basins,

4,113 culverts, 15,471 sidewalks, 20,093 nuisances and dead
animals, 29,505 unlighted street lamps, 4,207 broken street
lamps and 1,131 violations of building ordinances. Assistance
was given
o 15,665 women and children. 397 fires extinguished
o
without the aid of the fire department and 146 fugitives from
justice arrested at the request of authorities from other cities.

A small-pox epidemic during the early part of the- year

caused a large number of men to be detailed to aid the health
department. Not one shirked the duty of patroling or enter-
ing plague stricken houses and highest praise was accorded
the department by "the health commissioner.

During the year a few changes in the uniforms were made

so commanding officers might be more easily distinguished.
A stripe was placed on the sleeve of the uniforms for each five
years of service and the appearance of the personnel of the de-
partment was observed and commented upon by the citizens.
Among the other tremendous improvements which took
place under the administration of Mayor Hopkins and the
leadership of Chief Brennan was the drafting of a civil service
law for the government of the force.

Phone Calumet 2434

O. WESTEEIM
MANUFACTURER OF

Automobiles and Wagons

Commercial Motor Cars and Bodies a Specialty
REPAIRING, PAINTING AND TRIMMING
2630-32 WENTWORTH A\ 7
E. CHICAGO
178 o H o

Factory and Main

Office

2155-87
ELSTONA VE.
Venerred Columns

SPECIAL MILL AND CABINET

WORK
Porch Material
Pergolas
Lattice Work
Garden Furniture
FO?? XTERQ*? 8. INTERIOR! USE
Commercial Kiln Drying

TEL,. FRANKLIN 3377

Incorporated

Cottage Grove Avenue

Groveland Park & 33rd St.

Manufacturers of
Single Rooms with Private
ELECTRIC Bath $1.00, $1.25, $1.50 per day

CONTROLLERS Double Rooms with Private

Bath $1.50 and $2.00 per day
AND
2 and 3 Room Suites with
STARTERS Private Bath $10.00, $12.00,
$14.00 and $17.50 per week.

Special rates by weekor month

Good Cafe Reasonable Rates

212-216 W.Austin Ave
All Cottage Grove Avenue cars pass
CHICAGO the door

Police Officers
CLOTHING For You and Fcrnr
EASY PAYMENTS
Family on
HERBERT L. JOSEPH & CO.
FOURTH FLOOR CONSUMERS BUILDING
Northwest Corner State and Quincy Sts. Chicago
Police History 179

The and methods adopted by the commission ap-

principles
pointed by Mayor Hopkins had long been advocated by Chief
Brennan, who had supported and advocated civil service rules
to govern police departments in the last convention of the
Chief of Police at Aurora. The men who drew up the law
were Corporation Counsel Harry Rubens, John W. Ela and
John H. Hamline. This law was passed almost immediately
by the state legislature and placed into effect. A large per-
centage of the department had to pass examinations held later
and very nearly all of the men passed with flying colors.

Another law urged by Chief Brennan and his predecessors

was one making a serious offense to carry concealed
it weap-
ons. The council ignored his plea. Request was also made
for a physician who would
prove of value in accident cases
and an additional 10 ambulances were asked for. "Economy"
delayed these improvements to a later date.
At the end of the year a total of 877 patrol boxes were in
operation and the department owned 247 horses which were
used to draw 41 patrol wagons and 6 ambulances. Expenses
of the department totaled $3,643,936.17.

1895 When J. J. Badenoch was appointed general superin-

tendent he was ordered to clean up the city and he proceeded
to do it. For a few months after the railroad strike the 3,500
men on the force patroled Chicago and crimes grew less fre-
quent. But the new administration dismissed 500 men and
once again the efficiency of the department received a set-
back. Every public gambling house and a great majority of
vicious massage parlors were closed and in a "dope war" 31
"hop joints" on the South Side were raided and thousands of
dollars' worth of dope was confiscated and destroyed. Chin-
ese gambling was abolished and during the year satisfactory
service was rendered in many strikes and lockouts. The ap-

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180 Police History
Police H i s t o r yj 181

pointative system of selecting men for the department was

totally abolished this year and absolute neutrality was main-
tained during the election. Badenoch found the merit system
of promotion acting as a spur to the department. This year
expenses amounted to $3,421,875.63 and 83,464 arrests were
made, resulting in $301,555 in fines. More than 6,000 calls
were answered by six ambulances and 96 men were hurt on
duty. -

1896 "Discipline and arrangements were such on election

day year that not a single fight occurred at a polling place
this
all day," reports Chief Badenoch. "A new departure was
made in that all saloons and drinking places were closed, ab-
solutely, during voting hours, for the first time in the history
of the city.These excellent results show the wisdom in keep-
ing the department from politics and in the enforcement of
the new law." A
number of strikes of minor importance oc-
curred this year and universal satisfaction was expressed by
both the labor unions and the manufacturers over the way the
troubles were handled. Neutrality was maintained and the
force only interferred to protect lives or property.

1896During the year a request was made for 300 addi-

tional men which was
refused. Not one of the beats averaged
less than a mile in length and when the severe winter of '96
and '97 set in a serious situation arose. Crimes increased and
thousands applied daily to police stations for aid. During
January and February an extreme cold spell struck the city.
The thermometer ranged from five to twenty degrees below
zero. When crime increased something like one hundred per-
cent the first week of this cold wave the mayor ordered relief
given. Commanding the police department to turn their sta-
tions into distributing points for aid, he issued a proclamation
calling upon citizens to help relieve the sufFerngs of the poor.

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182 Police History
JOSEPH DUSEK.
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 o lice History 183

Exactly $61,855.81 was donated to The Mayor's Fund, as it

was called, and not one cent of this was spent for distributing
expenses. The men themselves "chipped in" to the extent of
$1,680 and a great decrease in the amount of crime was no-
ticed when aid was forthcoming, which "established the fact,"
says Chief Badenoch, "that many of the poor were driven to
crime in order to exist when they found there was no other
alternative than to steal or starve." A regular quota of ra-
tions was established for different sized families and members
of thedepartment investigated every application for aid.
Meats were donated by Armour & Co., Swift & Co., Nelson
Morris & Co., Arnold Bros. Co., and Oscar Mayer. Beans,
peas and meal were donated by Franklin McVeagh & Co.,
W. M. Hoyt & Co., Reid, Murdock & Co., McNeill & Higgins
Co. and W. J.' Quan & Co. Thousands of pounds of bread
were donated by H. H Kohlsaat, the William Schmidt Bak-
ing Co., F. E. Coyne and the D. F'. Bremmer Baking Co. The
horrible prevalence of poverty may easily be imagined when
it is stated that 65,557 families were relieved, a total of 304,802

persons, an average of 2,731 families, or 12,700 persons, a day.

This year 97 patrolmen were injured, 6 ambulances answered,
6,832 calls and 912 patrol boxes assisted in the policing of the
city. Expenses this year mounted up to $3,375,739.94. This
left $71,431.94 of the appropriation, the saving being made
because of the condition of the city's finances. Arrests totaled
99,847, an increase of 13,383, and $300,319 in fines was imposed.

1897 Prosperity returned this year and the number of ar-

rests went down to 83,680. Chief Joseph Kipley, however, re-
iterated the need formore men and asked for 500 new patrol-
men. Request refused. Crime had decreased enormously and
he proudly points to the fact that few perpetrators of crimes
have escaped. Expenses this year are $3,457,665.89. The
number of patrol boxes is still increasing and they now num-

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J 84 Police Histo

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>olice History 185

ber 944; 6,998 runs were made by the six ambulances and
$216,284 was imposed in fines. The year ends with 3,594 men
in the department.

1898 Chief Kipley once again asked for 500 more men.
His reply came in the form of an order cutting the depart-
ment to 3,304 men. All of the department is now under civil
service. The state legislature appointed a commission to in-
vestigate the force and after a three weeks' probe they re-
ported that they were unable to find any irregularities. The
city now has a patrolman for every 701 people the poorest
protection in America. The department cared for 9,584 sick
and injured people, made 77,441 arrests, resulting in $212,056
in fines and 187 men were hurt on duty. Six ambulances an-
swered 7,510 calls this year. When President William McKin-
ley visited the city for the laying of the corner stone of the new
Federal Building, he complimented the mayor on the ease with
which the police force handled the huge crowd that witnessed
the ceremony. The department passed through another ordeal
when successfully patroled the Fall Festival, a tremendous
it

jollification which was held to celebrate the return of good

times.

1899 This year the city council decided

it would try to do

what the legislature failed to accomplish, to find fault with the

department. An investigation was opened. All information
the aldermen asked for they were handed. After discussing
the matter no report was made. There was nothing wrong
had stavted out in the spirit of con-
to report an.d as the probe
demnation the committee couldn't very well bring back a
boost instead of a knock for the department. This year the
population of Chicago reached the 2,000,000 million mark and
Chief Kipley told the aldermen that 500 more men were "ab-
solutely needed" for the protection of the rity. The council

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Police History 187

delayed answering his plea. The annexation of Austin and

Blue Island added more territory and brought the area of the
city up to 191 square miles. Chief Kipley decided to use the
Austin Town Hall as a station till better quarters could be
had. The work of installing patrol boxes in this new terri-
tory was begun immediately. One more ambulance iv^s add-
ed to the department, making seven, which answered 7,316
calls during the year. Expenses amounted to $3,524, 724.81 ;

71,349 arrests were made, $263,687 in fines imposed, and 229

men were injured on duty. There is a total of 3,267 men in
the department and 2,450 of these travel beats. The Central
Detail squad was enlarged to 350 men, this being the number
required to handle the traffic and to patrol the loop district.
Si Mayed was made secretary of the department this year, a
job he has held to the satisfaction of everybody up to this day.

1900. During the summer of this year the department cred-

itably handled the encampment of the Grand Army of the
Republic. In his report Chief Joseph Kipley thought the
people of Chicago should be proud of their police force. The
city councilshowed its appreciation of the efficient work done
by the department by ignoring a request for 500 more men
and by ordering a large reduction in expense which necessi-
tated the dissmissal of a number of men. This year 128 mur-
ders were committed and only 5 of the murderers escaped. Five
patrolmen were promoted to detective sergeants for good work
and the war on opium dens and dope joints continued. This
year Captain M. P. Evans of the ^identification Bureau asked
that a law compelling the parol board to get the record of the
criminal before parol be pranted a prisoner so that the term of
sentence in the penitentiary might be increased and fewer
undesirables ejected into Chicago. This law was passed later.
Expenses of the department this year amounted to $3,452,663.-
63; 70,438 arrests were made resulting in $219,902 in fines, 217

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188 Police H i s t o r

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men were hurt on duty and 7,807 runs were made by the
ambulances.

1901. Francis O'Neill was appointed Chief of Police and

the first year he was in office a vigorous campaign was
instituted against beggars who for years had made a fat living
from Chicagoans. A number of these worthies, after being

brought into court and fined, went into more legitimate busi-
ness. A municipal lodging house was opened relieving the
police of the necessity of caring for shelterless men inside the
station. The men detailed at the Desplaines street station
held a little jubilee all of their own opening, the opening of this
The police seldom slept in the dormitory of that
institution.
station. The hundreds of derelicts who were quartered
downstairs made the place almost untenantable. Vermin
crawl up, you know.

Of the 9,315 persons sheltered at the Municipal Lodg-

ing House 2,264 people were given jobs. Police stations
housed 5,500 other persons. This year Raymond Robbins
made the report of work accomplished by the municipal
first

lodging house. Of the many industrial affrays where the police

were asked to assist in maintaining order three stand out
prominently. They are the strike of the Stock Yards Teamsters
and those of the Freight Handlers and Department Store
Drivers. The first lasted more than a week and was fraught
with violence and bloodshed. In many instances the police
were compelled to use their clubs to open traffite and fifty
officers were injured in the riots which took place. Riots
attending this strike were the most serious that had occurred
since those of 1894 and the gravity of the situation was capably
met by the department which at all times acted with coolness
and courage. The strike of the freight handlers' involved about
9,000 men and was the most serious disturbance of the vear as

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190 Police History
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Monroe 72
Telephones ] Aut0 matic 34-534

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 1 I H o 191

traffic in and out of the city ceased altogether at one time.

The department guarded freight houses
all and hundreds of
small sized battles took place when assaults were made upon
strikebreakers. Commanding officers were placed in charge
who were veterans of the railroad strike and
of strike details
no lives were taken. More than a thousand men struck for
better conditions against the downtown department stores
and for a week the loop was in a turmoil. Here, again, the
department proved itself competent to meet the situation and
Chief O'Neill warmly praised the work of his men at the end
of the year. "The department has been growing less in

strength every year since 1893 and I think we are justified in

saying that we are accomplishing all that may be expected of
us under the circumstances," he said in his report.

The number of lodgers cared for at the stations de-

creased 30,000. Of 105 homicides, five murderers escaped,
247 men were hurt on duty, 69,442 arrests were made, $258,060
in fines imposed, expenses of the department amounted to
were cared for by the ambu-
$3,409,006.95 and 3,274 people
lances. Many confidence men were arrested, gambling had
been suppressed and moves were being made to restrict the
Levee district.
1902. This year the Juul law went into effect and the
money apportioned the department under its distribution of
taxes made it necessary to lengthen vacations without pay.
This move was decided upon so the morale of the force would
not be injured by the discharge of a large number of men.
Later this year changes were made so the department received
more money and policemen who had been laid off got back pay
A further decrease was noted this year in the number of winter
lodgers Chicago formerlv had taken care of. The Wine Room
Ordinance was enforced and those cute little cubbv holes in

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TEIv. LAKE VIEW 178 Tel. Humboldt 215

George ]. Westfall
/ jFuneral ^Director
2838 Lincoln Ave. 1919 Milwaukee Ave.
Carriages and Automobiles.
> o I i c e History 193

downtown saloons, which formerly gave the department so

much trouble, were abolished. Nearly 500 machines were
slot

destroyed and many objectionable residents were ousted from

the downtown district. Chief O'Neill asked for two more
ambulances and pointed out how the one at Desplaines Street
station traveled a total of 13,064 miles during the year; 35^2
miles a day. The force now numbers 3,164 men, who made
70,314 arrests resulting in $245,440 in fines. Opium joints
were stamped out this year. The roll of honor mounted into
the hundreds and the Chief decided he couldn't print it without
slighting the rest of the force. While deploring the 260 men
who werearraigned before the trial board of the civil service
commission he pointed out that in 1893, the World's Fair
Year, 1,910 men were charged with violating the rules of the
department.

1903. The increase in salary from $1,000 to $1,100 a year

for patrolmen was made this year, the first in a quarter of a
century. This year was an eventful one and before telling of
the Iroquois Fire, the capture of the car barn bandits, the
street car strike and other occurrences it may be well to give in
brief the less important things which were accomplished. Ex-

penses amounted to $3,492,488, 122 probationary men were

appointed, an increase of 1,000 men was called a crying neces-
sity, tire number of safeblowings diminished when several of
these gangs were convicted, beggars and con men were rarely
complained of, street soliciting was confined to the segregated
enforcement of the midnight closing order for
district, strict
saloons proved successful, gambling almost entirely stamped
out with the exception of a few evasions by bookmakers, policy
shops were eradicated, a special detail of police under Officer
Clifton Wooldridge put out of business hundreds of fake matri-
monial bureaus, turf investment concerns, bucket shops, wire
tappers, fake promoters, book agencies and other concerns.

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194 Police History
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 o 1 i H o 195

The government co-operated with the department and

federal
wonderful results were obtained. A total of 159 men were
injured on duty 77,763 arrests were made and $330,026 in fines
was imposed, and 1,022 patrol boxes were in service.

The Iroquois Fire.

On the afternoon of December 30, 600 people perished in
the most terrible calamity which had ever befallen the city.
"Mr. Bluebear, Jr.," was in the sixth week of a successful run
at the Iroquois Theatre and the playhouse w as crowded with
r

2,000 people, mostly women and children. At the opening of the

second act the scenery caught fire and the asbestos curtain
failed to hold the flames which burst through as though it had
been made of paper. Tongues of flame shot into the theater
and there was a wild panic. Stairways and aisles were found
choked with people, some of whom had been suffocated, others
crushed, burned and trampled to death.

When the alarm was turned in at 3 :30 that afternoon Chief

O'Neill ordered every patrolman that could be spared to the
scene "of the disaster. The bodies of women and children lay
ten feet deep near the entrances and policemen and firemen set
to work to distangle them under the supervision of Chief
O'Neill and First Deputy Schuettler. Every ambulance and
most of the patrol wagons of the department were called into
service and some business trucks were even used as hearses.
More than 250 people were injured and many of these died
later. In less than 3 hours the clearing of the playhouse was
accomplished and the work of identification was. begun. We
are justly proud of the work the police department accom-
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CHICAGO, ILL,
196 Police History
PHONE LAKE VIEW 2510

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 o 1 I H 197

The Car-Barn Bandits.

On the afternoon of the 29th of August, four bandits armed

with automatic revolvers, held up the Sixty-First Street barns
of the Chicago Railways Company killing Frank Stewart,
night receiver, and John Johnson a motorman. Xo clues were
left by the thieves who escaped with $2,600. William Edmon-
ton who was wounded told the police of the rapidity of the
gun fire and the police set out to find the automatic gun gang
which had been terrorizing the city for weeks. The company
offered $5,000 reward.

Two months later Detectives John Ouin and William Baul

learned that boy named Gustave Marx had been seen in a
saloon with an automatic and a large sum of money. A few
days later the detectives found Marx in a saloon. In making
the arrest Quin was killed and Marx wounded. Assistant
Chief Schuettler took personal charge of the cross examination
of Marx and all Sunday, Monday and Tuesday he was sub-

jected to "the third degree," or the "stomach pump" as it is

called. Tuesday night he confessed, implicating Harvey Van

Dine, Peter Neidermeir and Emil Roeski.

Thanksgiving the three bandits were identified at Pine,

Ind.,by a school teacher who had seen one of the circulars
which were spread broadcast over the country. Detectives
Matthew Zimmer, James Gleason, and Patrolmen Martin
Qualey, Joseph Baumer, John Sheehan, Joseph Hughes and
John Driscoll were detailed to capture the men, who they found
in a dugout near Indian harbor. A command was given to
surrender and the door of the hut was thrown open and one
of the automatics spat, killing Driscoll and wounding Zimmer.
Re-enforcements arrived later under the command of Assistant
Chief Schuettler and Secretary James Markham. In the mean-

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198 Police History
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) o 1 i c e History 199

time the bandits had escaped and shot and killed Brakeman
Sovea who refused to board an engine at their command. At
Liverpool, Ind., the engine jumped the track and the youths
took refuge in a corn field where Van Dine and Niedermeir
were later captured. Roeski escaped and was caught miles
away at Aetna. When brought before Chief O'Neill all con-
fessed and each bragged of killing his man. In saloon holdups
prior to the car barn raid the gang had killed two men and a
boy. The
bandits were hung. Not one was more than 23
years old and all met their deaths like boys.

Strikes.

The which was inauguarated on November

street car strike
12 and which continued for two weeks cost both the strikers
and police many broken heads and the street car company
some thousands of dollars worth of property. The company
refused to consider to the demands of the union till Mayor
Harrison and the city council stepped in as arbiters. Many
cable and electric cars were wrecked and much hardship was
upon the 300,000 people who used the street cars daily.
inflicted
Another large strike occurred when the employes of the
Kellogg Switchboard Supply Company walked out. Com-
mencing on May there was no
4 trouble till the middle of July
when Judge Jesse Holdom issued an anti-picketing injunction.
A great deal of disorder occurred when mobs attacked the
wagons of the Kellogg Company which delivered goods to
freight terminals. Teamsters showed their sympathy in both
strikes by driving
;
on the tracks and refusing to allow cars to
pass in the street car strike, and by blockading the streets
leading to the space in front of the delivery platforms of the
freight stations in the electricians walkout.

John T. Cunningham
MANUFACTURER OF
FINE ICE CREAMS
Punches, Frappes, Water Ices,
Frozen Puddings, etc.
Main Office and Factory Branch
2235-2243 W. Van Buren Street 1801-1803 Berteau Avenue
Phone West 752 Phone Lake View 6102
200 Police History
TELEPHONE ALBANY 26OO
> o 1 i c e History 201

The Elevator Men and Janitors, Restaurant and Hotel-

\Yuiters and Cooks, the Laundry Workers, the Stationary En-
gineers and the Franklin
O Union Xo. 4 of Printing Press Feeders
held strikes and gave the department more work to do.

1!!04. This was the year of the great stockyards strike and
for three months the police department successfully maintained
order throughout the city with a large percentage of the force
on duty in and around Packingtown. More than 25.000 em-
ployes of the great packing houses in the Union Stock Yards
went on an unsuccessful strike July 12th which declared off on
September 7th. At fi$st 375 men were detailed on strike duty
but later this number was increased to 748 men. During the
strike Chief O'Neill personally kept track of the situation by

visiting captains in charge of precincts surrounding and taking

in the stock yards. At the last minute the packers offered to
arbitrate, but their offer came too late. Hundreds of strike-
breakers were imported from other cities. The great majority
of these were negroes and this fact only incensed the strikers
the more.

In time the live stock handlers, the engineers, in fact all

union men employed in the yards went out on sympathy
strikes. Even the special police employed by the packers
refused to work. During July a number of riots occurred and
in the various fracases which occurred clubs were used vigor-
ously by the police. Many policemen were injured and while
many individual acts of bravery were performed by the men
the conduct of a few stood out so prominently that their ac-
tions are still talked of.

Capt. "W. P. Clancy, commanding the eighth district, in

which the strike took place, reported that union and non-union
workers were peaceably employed together a month after the
strike. A thorough investigation by this officer showed that

TEL. WENTWORTH 1437

. C. E. SWANSON
BUILDERS OF FINE

Delivery and Truck Wagons

AUTO TRUCK BODIES
5711-13-17 Wentworth Avenue CHICAGO
202 Police History
R. Q. GLOOR& CO.

COFFEE
To the Restaurant Trade

164 WEST K1NZIE STREET

Phone Franklin 3630 Automatic 30-428

AUTOMOBILE AMBULANCE
CITY AND SUBURBS

Iflnbertafcer
Moved to Chapel 558 East Forty-Seventh Street
CORNER ST. LAWRENCE
Telephone Oakland 1274 CHICAGO

PHONE HARRISON 5133

Western Pump and Engineering Company

302 AND 339 RAILWAY EXCHANGE
Pamps For Every Purpose and of Every Type
Complete Pumping Installations. Estimates Furnished

PHONE HARRISON 5133

Police History 203

the sufferings in the vicinity of Packingtown would not be

increased during the winter by the strike. During the stock
yard strike a number of moving vans were used as traveling
lockups. Hundreds of arrests were made and but few of them
prosecuted. Chief O'Neill observed in his annual report that
the character of police work is changing and that the necessity
of detailing large forces of men to participate in industrial
troubles practically doubled the responsibilities of the depart-
ment. Protection for the city, he said, is impossible during
the larger strikes and usually these were accompanied by
crime waves which pass unnoticed in the general excitement.

One thousand more police were requested this year. The

physical strength of the department was reported to be steadily
declining. The men were growing grizzled in the service and
young blood was lacking. New stations were also asked for
and great things were expected to result from the new city
charter.

A new police star was designed which is still being

used by the department. The
old five pointed stars, duplicated
by federal, county and state officials were confusing and the
police department was frequently and unjustly blamed for
many and occurrences with which it had nothing to do.
acts
A new set of rules were drawn up which defined the duties of
the First Deputy Superintendent of Police and governing the
conduct of many new members of the department such as the
vehicle inspectors, juvenile and probation officers, license
mechanics, dog catchers, feed inspectors, janitors, etc.
officers,
A number of flying squads were created this winter and they

successfully prevented the annual crime wave from sweeping

the city. Cells were remodeled as three prisoners had escaped
and records in efficiency were made by all departments.

Telephone Kedzie 1145 Dealer in Baltimore Oysters

Established 1869

The Edmanson Catering Co.

INCORPORATED
E. F. HOMBURG, Successor

Weddings, Banquets, etc.

3O48 Madison Street CHICAGO
204 Police History
Thomas Elevator Co.
Police History 205

1905. John M. Collins was appointed chief this year by

Mayor Dunne and following another successful campaign
against gambling- houses the department was called upon to
quell disorder in the teamsters strike which lasted from Aj-jril
6th to July 20th. This strike was accompanied by much dis-
order and 1,250 special police were appointed to assist the 2,000
members of the department in strike duty. Two new bureaus
were instituted this year, a bureau of records and a murder
bureau to keep track of evidence in murder cases.

1906. Two new stations were erected this year, the West
Side levee districtwas abolished and the war on gambling con-
tinued. The "Rules of the Road" ordinance was passed by the
city council and the three grades of sergeants were merged
into one by the civil service commission. A
new patrol box
system was inaugurated in the downtown section by which
patrolmen could be reached at a moment's notice proved valu-
able whenever a fire or emergency occurred.

1907. In an effort to divorce the department from politics

the city council this year passed the re-organization ordinance
which placed back in uniform hundred of political patrolmen
who were allowed to wear citizen's dress on duty through the
influence of their political friends. The ordinance made some
few changes in the organization of the department but by far
the most important feature of this measure was that section
relative to the detective force. The ordinance succeeded in its

purpose and the new second class detective sergeants who were
created have proven themselves an efficient and trustworthy
group of men. This year Major John Bander, drill master,
started to perfect the members of the department in revolver
shooting and a number of crack shots developed to place the
department foremost in the shooting tournaments held
throughout the country. A number of stations were renovated

Telephone Central I

SAMUEL CABOT, Inc.

MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS
CREOSOTE SHINGLE STAINS,
SHEATHING & DEADENING QUILT,
BRICK AND CEMENT W AT E R P R O O F N G S, I

MORTAR COLORS, WOOD PRESERVATIVES

24 West Kinzie Street CHICAGO
206 Police History
411 S.WABASH AVE. 4O4 S. WABASH AVE.
AUTOMA1IC 62-911 HARRISON 6119

KAUFMAN'S
ROOMS
RESTAURANTS ::: LUNCH
Police History 207

and the attention of the council was again called to the number
of citizens who went about "heeled" and passage of an ordin-
ance against carrying concealed weapons was asked.

1908. Chief Shippy this year asked that the special details
of police to societies and corporations be discontinued this year
as it seriously crippled his force. His request was ignored.
Of the 3,809 men in the
department only 1,825 traveled post.
This, it was pointed and activi-
out, is the cause of the boldness
ties of criminals.A new system of inspection of uniforms was
adopted by First Deputy Scheuttler proved a success and three
auto patrols increased the efficiency of the department. A
moving picture bureau was installed which did creditable work.
1909. Expenses of the department totaled $5,810,618. Ar-
rests numbered 70,575, the fines amounted to $364,509 and
Chief Leroy T. Stewart was appointed by Mayor Harrison.

1910. This year Chief Stewart reported all crimes reduced

in number except burglary and he blamed the prevalence of
this occupation on the small number of patrolmen in residence
districts. Vice was regulated and controlled and was con-
fined to a segregated district established in the center of some
railroads down on the South Side. Because he thought the
deoartment was ageing Chief Stewart compelled numbers of
the men and prescribed a standard of
to take examinations

efficiency which they were compelled to pass or take a pension.

Nearly 10 men were weeded from the department in this man-
ner. This year a motorcycle squad o f 16 men was formed and
on June 1 the ambulance service was transferred from the
health to the police department. A police motor boat was
placed on the river and the patrolmen assigned to it were all
expert swimmers, who had been in the navy. The boat crew
recovered an unusually large number of dead bodies. Of the

Vacuum Cup
MOTORCYCLE
TIRES
5000 Miles Guaranteed

Pennsylvania Rubber Go.

2024 S. W ABASH AVE.
208 Police History
Ikercbcr Batb Co.
HOT SPRINGS AT HOME
KERCHER BATHS
In business over 40 years

Write for Circular Co?igress and Wabash

SAFETY FIRST
LAST AND ALWAYS

Masonic Temple Safety

Deposit Vaults
State and Randolph Sts. CHICAGO, ILL.

The Largest and Finest Safety Deposit

Vaults in the World.

Night Vaults always open.

Boxes $2 50 per year and upwards.

TELEPHONE CALUMET 4234

Western Paper Stock Co.

BUYERS OF
ALL KINDS OF WASTE PAPER

"Guaranteed Ground into Pulp"

1452 to 146O Indiana Avenue Chicago

^olice History 209

202 murders committed this year 47 murderers escaped. From

the 81,269 arrests made the municipal courts collected $445,232
in fines and 657 fugitives from other cities were arrested here.

1911. John McWeeny was appointed and was instructed by

Mayor Harrison to clean out the segregated district. The
mayor's command was obeyed and hundreds of raids were
made and thousands of cases were successfully prosecuted.
This year is marked in the annals of the department by the
downfall of protected vice. During the year Chief McWeeny
also stamped out a war between rival building trade organiza-
tions in which a number of men had been killed and slugged.
Some of the sluggers were arrested and sent to jail and the
majority of the murderers were captured. A bureau of vag-
rancy was established and detectives detailed to this depart-
ment kept vagrants under surveillance. Many arrests were
made and thousands of itinerant workers were compelled to
find jobs or leave town.

1912. This year the city council was asked to pass laws
against the carrying of concealed weapons and governing vag-
rancy. Better street lighting and 1,500 patrolmen in order to
control crime was another request made by .Chief McWeeny.
Police Motor Boat No. 2 was placed in service the summer of
this year and more than paid for itself by saving the lives of 18
people and recovering $32,000 worth of property from possible
loss.

Details of the newspaper strike are easily remembered and

are too recent to be called history. It might be mentioned that
the motorcycle squad greatly assisted the department in the
prevention of trouble. Another improvement which was made
this year was an automobile dog wagon for the pound which
performed the work of three of the old horse driven vehicles.
During the past two years the population of Chicago has
increased till now it is reported to be past the three million
mark, but while the population has been increasing the
strength of the police department has diminished and at the
time of this writing" Chief Healey has been refused an addi-
tional 1,000 patrolmen. Crime has not decreased in recent years
and before Chicago ceases to be called "The CriminaFs Mecca"

Telephones

Herbert 'Boiler Co.

Heating and Power Boilers
GARBAGE BURNERS WATER HEATERS
ROOT AND LA SALLE STS. CHICAGO
210 Police History
Frank Paschen Henry Paschen

Paschen Brothers
General Contractors
CONWAY BUILDING
Telephone Franklin 4770 CHICAGO

Tel. Kedzle 1527

TEL. AUSTIN 17

C. KAMPP & SON

JOSEPH P. KAMPP, Mgr.

TUnbertafcers

550 N. Parkside Ave.

3026-28-30 AUSTIN CHICAGO

W. MADISON ST.

THE CROWD GOES TO

Telephone Canal 1295
HUNG PONG LO CO.
Because it's the great

Jacob Huether CHINESE & AMERICAN RESTAURANT

Enjoy a good time, good eating-,
Manufacturer of drinking- and music.
CHOP SUEY A SPECIALTY
STORE AND OFFICE FIXTURES Open Day and Night
Oriental service and decoration.
Music by the superb Bayard Fallos
OFFICE AND FACTORY Quartette. After Theatre and Dinner
Parties given special attention. Also
1315-25 W. 21st Place catering. TEL. HARRISON 4698
Near Throop Street
N. W: Cor. Van Buren and State Sts.
Police History 211

the city council will have to heed the demands of the Super-
intendent of Police which are practically the same as those
made by the Chiefs of Police of the past twenty years.

Today Chicago is free from public gambling, protected vice,

the dope traffic and from practically every other evil with the
exception of organized crime. Chief Charles C. Healey is the
man now attempting to cope with the situation with a badly
crippled police force. Future historians will tell the result.

AFTERWORD.
During the past five years the annual reports of the general
superintendent have not elaborated on the accomplishments
of the department and the work done by the officers and the
men. They have been merely columns of figures which clever
writers can pick to pieces and form into stones not altogether
laudatory.

The police department cannot be blamed for the prevalence

of crime in Chicago. One must look into the disposing of
criminal cases before that blame can be placed and even then
condemnation can be divided. A
criminal is arrested. He is
held over to the grand jury by the judge of the municipal
court. Following his indictment he is placed in the county jail.
In a month or so he is brought before a judge with a batch of
others under indictment and asked his plea. Whether it is
guilty or not guilty it makes no difference to the court and
the unfortunate is placed back in the cell till his case comes
up for trial. Figures in the possession of the jailer show that
the number of men awaiting trial is constantly increasing.
And what becomes of the men who are released on bonds,
the crooks who have been indicted and who have found moJiey
enough to get bail? Only those whose cases are the most
prominent are tried and these trials are undertaken for the
publicity entailed most of the time. Hundreds of men who
have been indicted for different crimes are walking the streets
of Chicago today and large numbers of them were indicted
years ago. These are the criminals who inspire crime and
who preach crime to boys loafing in poolrooms and saloons.

Tel. Monroe 6109 Established 1859

Automatic 53-687 Capital $75,000.00

BRINK'S
Chicago City Express Co.
Address all letters to the company

711-719 W. Monroe Street 1O8 S. Clark Street

212 Police History
N. C. Sorensen Motor Express
18OO-181O N. Western Avenue
Police o 213

Telephone All Departments 122 and 124 CORN

Canal 135 SOUTH EXCHANGE
LA SALLE BANK
STREET BUILDING

JOHN A. GAUGER VON FRANTZIUS & GO.

AND GO.
STOCKS,
Manufacturers of BONDS,
EVERYTHING IN GRAIN,
COTTON
MILLWORK
MEMBERS
New York Stock Exchange
New York Cotton Exchange
Chicago Stock Exchange
CHICAGO, U. S. A. Chicago Board of Trade

These are the men whom the police department fear the most
and who brag of "records."
It was about five years ago that the head of the police de-

partment was told to stop commenting in his annual report

of the conditions with which the department had to contend.
Since that time conditions have been steadily growing worse.
Some day the police department will be able to cope with
Chicago's crime problem, but not until :

Detectives are allowed expense accounts which will enable

them to stop giving protection to "stool pigeons" in return
for information, and
Transfers in thedepartment are placed under the jurisdic-
tion of the civil service board and the reasons for them be
given openly at its meetings, and
Circuit court judges be compelled to make a stronger effort
to clean out the jail and start trying the bond cases which
have been ignored for so long, and
and
Police Chiefs be elected by a captains' conference each year,
A merit system be devised by which detectives be promoted
instead of farcical civil service examinations which seeks to
find out how much geography a detective knows rather tha-n
to discover his theories of deduction and investigation. The
efficiency of the force could be greatly increased by a salary
boost and by a day off every two weeks.
The causes of crime are fundamental and have no place here,
but the prevention of crime is up to the police department and
214 Police History
Phones
,-,, 1 Wabash 3633 .
A
Private Ambulance
| Wabash 2509
Police H o 215

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C. J. WEBER, Manager good blood for hundreds
of pale girls and women
and men
Thousands of grown-ups with weak,
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health and weight through the daily
use of

DENNOS FOOD
Sc will bring you a sample of
CHICAGO BRANCH DENNOS FOOD.
1328 Michigan Avenue Address:
PHONE CALUMET 4521 Dennos Food Sales Co.
2 1 3 W. Ontario Street
Chicago

in the face of the drawbacks and influences which have re-

tarded the Chicago police department from its creation it had
made a wonderful record but that record can be and will be
;

improved in future years.

The department has been too long the butt of the attacks
of opposing political factions. The city should take more
pride and interest in the men who maintain order and clean-
liness within its limits. The police department should have a
parade each year like those of other municipalities. more A
active interest should be taken by the office of the general
superintendent to prevent the department from being unjustly
criticised in the newspapers.
The inspections should be made public events and should be
accompanied by a police department band instead of being
silently reviewed on the lake front by the First Deputy Super-
intendent of Police, Schuettler under the curious eyes of a few
people in Grant Park. The reader can well imagine the crime
situation in Chicago when it is stated that 12 policemen were
murdered last year, some under the most brutal circumstances,
and yet not one of the murderers has been punished for his
crime by hanging. The great majority have escaped punish-
ment altogether.
Chief Charles C. Healey should be supported in his request
for more men and the next commission which undertakes to
solve crime problems should devote a small portion of its time
in the investigation of the disposal of crooks and thieves.
216 o H i o

Telephones North 4486-4487

 o I i c e History 217

POLICE DIRECTORY

Main 13 For police alarms.

Main 447 General Superintendent of Police, City Hall.
Main 447 Assistant General Superintendent of Police, City Hall.
Main 447 Detective Headquarters, 179 North LaSalle.
Garfield 7187 School of Instruction, 4001 Fillmore.
Franklin 3287 Operators' room, 184 North LaSalle.
Calumet 5243 Motorcycle Headquarters, 14th and Indiana avenue.
Harrison 2841 Matron, 625 S. Clark.
Harrison 5882 Bureau of Identification, 625 S. Clark.
Main 447 Bureau of Police Ambulance Service", City Hall.
Harrison 4781 Telep. Room, 625 S. Clark.
Superior 8812 Mounted Police, W. Illinois and N. LaSalle.
Main 447 Record Sec. Police Dept., City Hall.
West Horse Hospital, 17 N. Campbell Av.
19
Calumet 5243 Police Repair Shop, 14th and Indiana Av.
Canal 1666 Repair Shop, 2322 S. Ashland Av.
Lawndale 2166 Dog Pound, 29th and S. Sacramento Av.

Precincts and Commanding Officers.

First Precinct Captain M. A. Collins, 180 N. LaSalle St., Main 3756.

Second Precinct Captain John J. Ryan, 625 S. Clark St., Harri-
son 51.
Third Precinct Captain Joseph Smith, 210 W. 22d St., Calumet
237 and Calumet 1951.
Fourth Precinct Captain Wm. P. O'Brien, 2523 Cottage Grove
Av., Calumet 1145.
Fifth Precinct Captain Stephen K. Healy, 454 E. 35th St., Doug-
las 1117.
Sixth Precinct Captain Thos. H. Costello, 740 W. 35th St., Yards
1260.
Seventh Precinct Lieutenant Bertram Cleghorn, 2913 Loomis St.,
Yards 938.
Eighth Precinct Captain Henry E. Gorman, 3900 S. California
Av., Yards 1304.

Northern Rubber Works

4005-4007 Washington Boulevard
34-36 N. Crawford Avenue
PHONE KEDZIE 9348

Tires, Tubes, Reliners and Supplies

Vulcanizing, Tire and Tube Repairing
All Work Guaranteed Prest-o-Lite, Gasoline, Oil, Free Air
218 Police History
ALFRED FRERK

HENRY Fl
Wisconsin Lime, s

Cement, etc.
TEL. HU1

31O1-3135 Belmont Aven

Police History 219

Ninth Precinct Lieutenant Chas. E. Burns, 11033 Hale Av., Bev-

erly 189.
Tenth Precinct Captain P. J. Lavin, 5233 Lake Pk. Av., Hyde
Park 47.
Eleventh Precinct Lieutenant Fred C. Gurney, 5001 S. State St.,
Oakland 345.
Twelfth Precinct Captain John H. Alcock, 6344 Harper Av., Hyde
Park 342.
Thirteenth Precinct Lieutenant B. M. Dawney, 834 E. 75th St.,
Hyde Park 141.
Fourteenth Precinct Captain Thos. F. Cronin, 200 E. 115th St.,
West Pullman 108.
Fifteenth Precinct Captain Max Nootbaar, 2938 E. 89th St., South
Chicago 21.
Sixteenth Precinct Lieutenant Chas. K. Herts, 3525 E. 106th St.,
South Chicago 210.
Seventeenth Precinct Captain James Madden, 6347 Wentworth
Av., Wentworth 373.
Eighteenth Precinct Captain Jos. C. Mullin, 8501 S. Green St.,
Stewart 9863.
Nineteenth Precinct Captain Thos. J. Coughlin, 4736 S. Halsted
St.,Yards 797.
Twentieth Precinct Lieutenant C. M. Atkinson, 1700 W. 47th St.,
Yards 4.
Twenty-first Precinct Captain Bernard P. Baer, 943 Maxwell St.,
Canal 83.
Twenty-second Precinct Lieutenant Ira J. McDowell, 2075 Canal-
port Av., Canal 1829.
Twenty-third Precinct Lieutenant Chas. J. Johnson, 1700 W. 21st
PL, Canal 1056.
Twenty-fourth Precinct Lieutenant John D. Hartford, 2250 W.
13th St., Canal 984.
Twenty-fifth Precinct Captain John E. Ptacek, 2656 S. Lawndale
Av., Lawndale 1272.
Twenty-sixth Precinct Captain James Gleason, 4001 Fillmore St.,
Kedzie 49.
Twenty-seventh Precinct Captain M. J. Gallery, 120 N. Des-
plaines St., Monroe 262.
Twenty-eighth Precinct Lieutenant Win. Fitzgerald, 1637 W. Lake
St., West 2063.
Twenty-ninth Precinct Captain W. H. Westbrook, 2433 Warren
Av., West 935.
Thirtieth Precinct Lieutenant Maurice Moore, 4250 W. Lake St.,
Kedzie 487.
Thirty-first Precinct Captain Matthew Zimmer, 5610 W. Lake St.,
Austin 214.
Thirty-second Precinct Captain W. W. Cudmore, 1123 W. Chicago
Av., Monroe 1063.
Thirty-third Precinct Lieutenant Thos. Duffy, 1312 W. North Av.,
Monroe 2585.

Telephone Monroe 1289

Frank Scaar & Company

ARCHITECTURAL IRON WORKS
Structural and Ornamental

1042-1048 W. Eleventh* .Street CHICAGO

Near Blue Island Avenue
220 Police History
TELEPHONE YARDS 2J2
 o H 221

Thirty-fourth Precinct Lieutenant Jos. Palczynski, 2256 W. North

Av., Humboldt 774.
Thirty-fifth Precinct Captain Thos. F. Meagher, 2138 N. Califor-
nia Av., Humboldt 859.
Thirty-sixth Precinct Captain John McCarthy, 3973 Milwaukee
Av., Irving 15.
Thirty-seventh Precinct Lieutenant Maurice Bowler, 4905 W.
Grand Av., Belmont 6832.
Thirty-eighth Precinct Captain Win. F. Russell, 113 W. Chicago
Av., Superior 1037.
Thirty-ninth Precinct Lieutenant Ernst Mueller, 1501 Hudson Av.,
Lincoln 1781.
Fortieth Precinct Lieutenant Jacob Reich, 2128 N. Halsted St.,
Lincoln 678.
Forty-first Precinct Captain James O'Toole, 2742 Sheffield Av.,
Lincoln 960.
Forty-second Precinct Captain Stephen B. Wood, 3600 N. Halsted
St., Lakeview 1J.
Forty-third Precinct Lieutenant John C. Dammann, 3801 N. Robey
St., Lakeview 1415.
Forty-fourth Precinct Captain M. L. Danner, 1940 Foster Av.,
Edgewater 723.
Forty-fifth Precinct Lieutenant M. J. O'Malley, 7075 N. Clark
St., Rogers Park 3.2.

Traffic Division Armory.

Superior 8812 W. Illinois and N. LaSalle.

PARK POLICE.
West Parks.

First Division Union Park, Captain P. D. Wall, Monroe 5840.

Second Division Humboldt Park, Sergeant Walter J. Charapotta,
Monroe 5840.
Third Division Garfield Park, Sergeant John C. Hughes, Mon-
roe 5840.
Fourth Division Dougles Park, Sergeant Chas. Betcher, Monroe
5840.

North Park.
Lincoln Park Captain Chas. E. Shaw, Lincoln 2410.

South Parks.
Washington Park, 57th and Cottage Grove Av. Captain Thomas
E. Richards, Midway 2002.

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222 o H o

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CHICAGO CHICAGO
 olice History 223

MAYOR'S OFFICE
Room 507 City Hall. Hours 9:30 a. m. to 1 p. m.

Mayor William Hale Thompson, R.

Private Secretary Charles C. Fitzmorris, D.

THE CITY COUNCIL-i 9 i6

Presiding Officer Mayor William Hale Thompson.
City Clerk John Siman.
Chief Clerk Edward J. Padden.
Sergeant-at-Arms William F. Harrah.

1st Ward John J. Coughlin, D.; Michael Kenna, D.

2nd Ward Hugh Norris, R.; Oscar De Priest, R.
3rd Ward Ulysses E. Schwartz, D.; Edward J. Werner, R.
4th Ward John A. Richert, D.; David R. Hickey, D.
5th Ward Thomas A. Doyle, D.; Charles Martin, D.
6th Ward Willis O. Nance, R.; Alex A. McCormick, R.
7th Ward John N. Kimball, R.; Charles E. Merriam, R.
8th Ward Ernest M. Cross, R.; John E. Tyden, R.
9th Ward Eugene H. Block, D.: Hiram Vanderbilt, R.
10th Ward James M'Nichols, D.; Frank Klaus, D.
llth Ward Herman Krumdick, D.; Edward F. Cullerton, D.
12th,Ward Joseph I. Novak, D.; Otto Kerner, D.
13th Ward John G. Home, D.; John R. Anderson, R.
14th Ward Joseph H. Smith, D.; James H. Lawley, R.
15th Ward William E. Rodriguez, S.; Henry Utpatel, R.
16th Ward John Szymkowski, D.; Vincent S. Zwiefka, D.
17th Ward Stanley S. Walkowiak, D.; Lewis D. Sitts, R.
18th Ward William J. Healy, R.; Carl T. Murray, R.
19th Ward James B. Bowler, D.; John Powers, D.
20th Ward Matt Franz, D.; Herman E. Miller, R.
21st Ward Earl J. Walker, R.; Ellis Geiger, D.
22nd Ward John H. Bauler, D.; William P. Ellison, D.
23rd Ward John Kjellander, R.; Thomas O. Wallace, R.
24th Ward John Haderlein, D.; Herman E. Gnadt, R.
25th Ward Frank J. Link, R.; Henry D. Capitain, R.
26th Ward George Pretzel, R.; William F. Lipps, R.
27th Ward Oliver L. Watson, Rep.; John C. Kennedy, S.
28th Ward Max Adamowski, D.; Harry E. Littler, R.
29th Ward Thomas F. Byrne, D.; John Hrubec, R.
30th Ward William R. O'Toole, D.; William J. Lynch, D.
31st Ward Robert R. Pegram, R.; James A. Kearns, R.
32nd Ward James Rea, R.; Albert J. Fisher, R.
33rd Ward M. A. Michaelson, R.; Robert M. Buck, R.
34th Ward John Toman, D.; Joseph C. Blaha, R.
35th Ward Thomas I. Lynch, D.; Conrad H. Janke, R.
224 Police Histo

^p
Bell (|(
JL M System

EMERGENCY CALLS
Fire = Main
Police Main 13

SERVICE is

TELEPHONE
protective; it enables sub-
j!
scribers to reach instantly the

proper agencies for relief in c

times of stress.

Chicago Telephone Company

Bell Telephone Building
3 Official 100

i
 lice History 225

STANDING COMMITTEES
FINANCE Richert, Doyle, Nance, Merriam, Block, Ker-
ner, Lawley, Sitts, Geiger, Capitain, Lipps, Littler, Kearns,
Fisher, T. J. Lynch.
LOCAL TRANSPORTATION Capitain, Richert, Nance,
Vanderhilt, Smith, Utpatel, Walkowiak, Healey, Geiger,
Kjellander, Lipps, Watson, Doyle, Fisher, Michaelson, Toman,
T. J. Lynch.
GAS OIL AND ELECTRIC LIGHT Sitts, Merriam,
Cross, McNichols, Zwiefka, Lawley, Utpatel, Walkowiak,
Bowser, Wallace, Haderlein, O'Toole, Block, Kearns, Rea.
Buck, Toman.
HARBORS, WHARVES AND BRIDGES Littler, Kenna,
Doyle, McCormick, Vanderbilt, Krundick, Zwiefka, Murray,
Home, Walker, Hauler, Wallace, Watson, W. J. Lynch,
Schwartz.
LOCAL INDUSTRIES Fisher, Morris, Hickey, Cross,
Klaus, Cullerton, Novak, Lawley, Sitts, Bauler, Link, Pretzel,
Blaha, O'Toole, Michaelson.
JUDICIARY Kerner, Coughlin, Norrjs, Werner, McCor-
mick, Kimball, Rodriguez, Walkowiak, Powers, Miller, Bauler,
Kjellander, Byrne, Hrubec, W. J. Lynch, Buck, Blaha.
STREETS AND ALLEYS Healy, Coughlin, DePriest,
Hickey, Martin, Anderson, Kennedy, Szymkowski, Miller,
Ellison, Kjellander, Haderlein, Adamowski, Rea,
Janke.
LICENSE Toman, Norris, Werner, McCormick, Tyden,
Krumdick, Novak, Home, Smith, Bowler, Ellison, HadeVlein,
Bryne, O'Toole, Janke.
BUILDINGS AND CITY HALL Pretzel, Martin, Kim-
ball,Vanderbilt, Klaus, Home, Szymkowski Powers, t Franz,
Walker, Link, Kennedy, Adamowski, W. J. Lynch, Pegram.
SCHOOLS, FIRE, POLICE AND CIVIL SERVICE
T. J. Lynch, DePriest, Hickey, Martin, Klaus, Krumdick,
Powers, Miller, Ellison, Wallace, Gnadt, Kennedy, Pegram,
Buck, Blaha.
HEALTH Nance, Kenna, Schwartz, Kimball, Tyden, Cul-
lerton,Novak, Anderson, Rodriguez, Szymkowski, Murrav,
Franz. Gnadt, Pretzel, Pegram.
RAILWAY TERMINALSGefcer, Kenna, Schwartz,
Richert, Merriam, McNichols, Utpatel, Walkowiak, Healy,
Bowler, Capitain, Lipps, Littler, Byrne, Rea.
TRACK ELEVATION Michadson. Cross. McNichols,
Anderson, Rodriguez, Zwiefka, Franz, Hrubec, Tanke.
COMPENSATION Kearns, Werner, Tyden, Kerner Alur^
ray, Watson.
PARKS, PLAYGROUNDS AND BATHING BEACHES
(
Formerly special park commission) Block, Coughlin De
Priest, Cullerton. Smith, Gnadt, Link, Adamowski Hrubec
and six citizens to be
appointed by the mayor
226 o H i o

Confectioners & Bakers

Supply Company
Machinery, Tools
and Utensils
for
Confectioners and Bakers
Ice Cream Utensils
11-13 EAST ILLINOIS STREET
CHICAGO
> o 1 i c e H i s t o t* y 227

CITY CLERK'S OFFICE.

City Hall, First Floor, South End.
City Clerk John Siman, R.
Chief Clerk to City Clerk Edward J. Padden.
CITY TREASURER'S OFFICE.
City Hall, Second Floor.
Hours 10 a. m. to 3 p. m.
City Treasurer Charles H. Sergei, R.
Assistant W. D. Pugh.
Chief Clerk Albert J. Keefe.
Chief Cashier J. C. Smith.

CITY COMPTROLLER'S OFFICE.

Room 501 City Hall.
Comptroller Eugene R. Pike, R.
Deputy Comptroller Louis E. Gosselin, D.
Chief Clerk Charles J. O'Connor.
PAYMASTER'S BUREAU.
Room 503 City Hall.
Paymaster John L. Healy.

CITY COLLECTOR'S OFFICE.

City Hall, First Floor.
City Collector Charles J. Forsberg, R.
Deputy City Collector Joseph Siman.
Chief Clerk, Special Assessments M. J. Derry.
Chief Clerk, Vehicle Tax Thomas McLain.
Cashier George F. Loman.

CORPORATION COUNSEL'S OFFICE.

Room 511 City Hall.
Corporation Counsel Samuel A. Ettelson, R.
Assistants George E. Chipman, Leon Hornstein, E. J. Smejkal, Ed-
ward H. Wright, John H. Passmore, James G. Skinner, A. O. Erickson,
B. F. Kleeman, Clifford G. Roe, William E. Mason, James W. Breen,
David C .Alexander, George A. Curran, H. C. Foster, John V. Clinnin,
Otto W. Ulrich, L. B. Anderson, W. P. Steffen, Harry F. Hamlin, W.
H. Devenish, Otto C. Bruhlman, J. A. Cooke, Ralph G. Crandall, Kai
P. Hammer, Harry L. Brin, Roy S. Gaskill, Charles E. Peace, J. L.
Farnum, J. J. Murray, Robert E. Crowe.
Assistant Corporation Counsel and Attorney Board Local Improve-
ments Harry A. Atwood.
Assistant Corporation Counsels and Assistant Attorneys Board Local
Improvements Eugene H. Dupee, Anton T. Zeman, A. E. Wallace,
Frank B. Teed, Daniel A. Roberts, H. O. Sprogle.
Assistant Corporation Counsel and Attorney Fire Department
Joseph F. Murray.
Secretary to the Corporation Counsel Edwin J. Zimmer.
CITY ENGINEER'S OFFICE.
City Hall, Fourth Floor.
City Engineer John Ericson, C. E.
Assistant City Engineer H. S. Baker.
Chief Clerk W. J. Roach.
In Charge of Divisions.
Construction Henry W. Clausen.
Operation Frank McDonough.
Water Pipe Extension H. L. Lucas.
Repairs and Shop F. Miller.
Designing Myron B. Reynolds.
Inspection and Testing L. S. Marsh.
Bridges and Viaducts Thomas G. Pihlfeldt.
Harbor Master Adam F. Weckler.
228 Police 'Htisto
.
-.. JH ESS

fACTURtRS Of

WHITE DUCK CLOTHING -

DUCK KHAKI TROUSERS
WAITERS BLACK JACKETS
ALPACA- SERGE COATS AUTO DUSTERS
PROFESSIONAL UNIFORMS DD4TISTS' COATS
- -
WASH FANCY VESTS
920-924 W.RANDOLPH STREET-
CHICAGO

'Tire Insurance for $1.00'

Tire Insurance for $1.00

The Twitchell Gauge locks,

true pressure or none.

showing
^CWGW AVENUE
CHICAGO, U. S. A.

MET M E T 2 YET?
METZMEN'S COMPANY
SHOESHOES
78 W. Washington St.
Near Clark Street CHICAGO

Batavia Tires
and
Auto
Accessories
LEXINGTON HOTEL BUILDING
CHICAGO
Telephone Calumet :\:\

Western Distributors

BATAVIA TIRES
SECURITY TREAD 5,000 Miles Guaranteed
SJ
The Real Non- We Specialize on Batavia Tires
Skid Tire
We sell all makes of Tires.
Po(i ( <*. Hist o I-
y >'>

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICE.

Room 613 City Hall.
Commissioner John P. Garner, R.
Secretary G. W. Bassett.
Bureau Supervisors.
Transportation R. F. Kelker.
Gas W. D. Wilcox.
Telephone G. W. Cummings.
Electric Fred Abele.
Valuation O. F. Gayton.

BOARD OF SUPERVISING ENGINEERS CHICAGO

TRACTION.
105 South LaSalle Street.
Secretary Lucius H. Davidson.
Board" No. 1.
Chairman Bion J. Arnold.
Representing City of Chicago E. W. Bemis.
Representing the Board George Weston.
Representing Chicago City Railway Company and Southern Street
Railway Company Harvey B. Fleming.
Representing Chicago Railways Company John Z. Murphy.
Board No. 2.
Chairman Bion J. Arnold.
Representing City of Chicago E. W. Bemis.
Engineer for Board George Weston.
Representing Calumet & South Chicago Railway Company Harvey
B. Fleming.
BUREAU OF WATER.
City Hall, First Floor.
Superintendent William J. McCourt.
Accountant James J. Dunn.
Chief Clerk George J. Feser.
Cashier Otto A. Dreier.
Chief Water Assessor Thomas H. Byrne.
Field Assessor in Charge J. J. Ward.

BUREAU OF STREETS. ?.".

'.-

Room
408 City Hall.
Superintendent August W. Miller, R.
First Assistant Superintendent Felix Mitchell.
Second Assistant Superintendent W. J. Galligan.
Third Assistant Superintendent William G. Geiger.
BUREAU OF SEWERS.
Room 409 City Hall.
Superintendent George E. McGrath.
Engineer in Charge of Benches and Grades William R. Mathews.
Inspector in Charge Edward J. Hayes.
Principal Clerk Ed Cullerton, Jr.
BUREAU OF MAPS
Room 410 City Hall.
Superintendent John D. Riley, D.

BUREAU OF COMPENSATION.
Room V-15 City Hall.
Superintendent Henry V. McGurren.
BOARD OF LOCAL IMPROVEMENTS.
City Hall, Second Floor, South End.
Members Michael J. Faherty, president; Davis W. Clark, assistant
secretary; William H. Blencoe, Oscar Wolff.
Superintendent of Special Assessments and Secretary Edward J.
Glackin.
30 H i o

Cleaners of Oriental Phone EDWARD H. BURGE, President

and Domestic Rug s Normal 5692
Sole Central Agents
POLLARD Baker Ice Machine Co.

DOMESTIC SERVICE
General Burge Machine Ulorks
House Cleaners
MANUFACTURING AND
Windows, Floors, Woodwork, etc.
Flats, Apartments, Residences CONTRACTING ENGINEERS
and Offices.
Complete Refrigerating', Ice Making
We serre anywhere in the city. and Ice Cream Plants
Proficient, Reliable.
Always Available. 1 8-230 N. Jefferson St., Chicago
706 E. 63rd Street Chicago Telephone Monroe 819

Long Distance Phone Lincoln 879 ( Superior 4936

Telephones < Superior 4937
Residence Phone Lincoln 5838 (. Superior 2783

PLAZA
FRED. BUSCHER Auto Livery & Garage
The Most Spacious and Up-to-Date
Funeral Garage in the City.
Director High-Class Service.
FRED. C. I'RACH MAUSER, Prop.
I

Large Chapel in AUTO LIVERY

Luxurious Six Cylinder Pierce Arrow.
Connection Limousine Cars and Taxicabs
for Hire.
1554-1556 WH3L.LS ST. 1 46O N. Clark Street Chicago
One block south of Lincoln Park and
OHIOAGO Plaza Hotel, N. Clark Street and Burton Place

Telephones
Edgewater 1864 Sunnyside 6451

Sheridan Garage
M. S. PROSr, Prop.
Auto L.ivery Supplies ESTABLISHED 1879
Overhauling, Repairing
and Vulcanizing
Magneto and Carburetor Exchange
Second-Hand Automobiles
Bought and Sold
DUNSTAN
4427-4433 N. Clark St., Chicago
UNDERTAKER
Established Incorporated 2015 W.MADISON ST.
1892 1902
TELEPHONE WEST 682
WERNER BROS. OPEN ALL NIGHT
Fire Proof Storage Co.
PACKING AMBULANCE
SHIPPING
REMOVALS
We Know How
2815 Broadway
Phone Lake View 33
 History 231

Engineer Board of Local Improvements Cicero D. Hill.

Chief Engineer of Streets John B. Hittell.
Superintendent of Sidewalks N. E. Murray.
Chief Clerk T. Sullivan.
CITY ATTORNEY'S OFFICE.
Room 602 City Hall.
City Attorney Charles R. Francis.
Chief Assistant City Attorney Joseph J. Sullivan.
Trial Attorneys Myer S. Emrich, Victor Sarner, Charles W. Kopf,
James R. Considine.
Assistant Trial Attorneys Henry T. Gibbs, A. L. Gettys, Albert L.
Green, Jr., Marshall Amberg, Ladislaus Herman, J. M. Brumfield,
Reginald C. Darley.
Appellate Court Attorney Henry T. Chace, Jr.
Chief Investigator Frank B. Buszin.
Supervisor of Investigators A. B. Hulit.
Chief Clerk Charles J. Peters.
Docket Clerk Joseph M. Coffey.
Judgment and Waiver Clerk Bessie H. Morey.
PROSECUTING ATTORNEY'S OFFICE.
Room 604 City Hall.
Prosecuting Attorney Harry B. Miller, R.
Chief Assistant Daniel Webster.
Assistants Roger Faherty, Edw. J. Lyons, Lawrence Jacobs, John
B. Calo, R. B. Bippus, Stanley Klarkowski, George R. Neff, John Rich-
ardson, Charles Roloff, Francis Day, Ben Brown, Adolph Borgemeier,
Gerald Barry, Harry Meneley, Edward W. Luebeck. Alexander Freund-
lich, Henry D. Nicholson, William Schulz, Harry Tiffany.

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.
City Hall, Seventh Floor.
Commissioner of Health John Dill Robertson, M. D.
Assistant Commissioner Gottfried Koehler, M. D.
Secretary E. R. Pritchard.
Office Secretary S. F. Manning.
Chief Bureau of Vital Statistics M. O. Heckard, M. D.
Assistant Chief Bureau of Vital Statistics (Vacancy).
Chief Bureau of Medical Inspection Heman Spalding, M. D.
Assistant Chief Bureau of Medical Inspection I. D. Rawlings, M. D.
Assistant Chief Bureau of Medical Inspection H. O. Jones, M. D.
Chief Bureau of Sanitation Charles B. Ball.
Assistant Chief Bureau of Sanitation Thomas J. Claffy.
Chief Bureau of Food Inspection W. W. Armstrong. M. D .

Assistant Chief Bureau of Food Inspection Henry Weisberg.

Chief Bureau of Hospitals, Public Baths and Lodging House W. K.
Murray, M. D.
Director of Laboratory F. O. Tonney, M. D.
City Physician Michael J. Purcell, M. D.
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS.
Room 406 City Hall.
Commissioner William R. Moorhouse, R.
Deputy Commissioner William Burkhardt, R.
BOARD OF EXAMINERS.
Suite 1008 City Hall.
Board of Examiners of Stationary Engineers.
President (Vacancy).
First Vice-President P. M. Holmes.
Second Vice-President James Garvey.
Chief License Inspector Henry G. McMahon.
Secretary Vernon L. Bean.
Board of Examiners of Plumbers.
Chairman (ex officio) Dr. John Dill Robertson, commissioner of
health.
232 o H o

Phone Lincoln 1325 BOHNER'S SELF CLEANSING FILTER

Agents Make J5?5
to $40 Per Week.
Easy money Takes
IRortbwestern less
to
than 5 minutes
attach, demon-
strate and sell. Pro-

1Launbr\> Co,
tects health against
danger of disease
germs in unfiltered and impure water. EVERY
HOME NEEDS ONE.
2749 Lincoln Ave. BOHNER MANUFACTURING CO.
1009 S. Wabash Ave. Chic^o, 111.

(ompliments
of a Friend

Johnson Coin Counting

Machine Co.

TELEPHONE MONROE 5941

Economy Pumping Alexander G. Warren
Machinery Co.
Manufacturers of General Contractor
Sewage Ejectors Bilge Pumps Concrete and Masonry
House Pumps Railroad Masonry
Condensation Pumps
Vacuum Pumps Centrifugal Pumps Foundations
A Pump Por Every Purpose
116-118 N. Carpenter Street TELEPHONE nAIN 4790
CHICAGO
> o I i c e History 233

Master Plumber Charles J. Herbert.

Journeyman Plumber William W. Petrie.
Secretary Vernon L. Bean.
Board of Examiners of Mason Contractors.
Chairman (ex officio) Charles Bostrom, commissioner of buildings.
City Architect Mason John Campbell.
Secretary Vernon L. Bean.
DEPARTMENT OF BUILDINGS.
Room 702 City Hall.
Commissioner Charles Bostrom, R.
Deputy Commissioner Robert Knight.
Secretary Peter C. Hoey.
DEPARTMENT OF GAS AND ELECTRICITY.
Room 614 City Hall.
Commissioner of Gas and Electricity William G. Keith, R.
Chief Operating Frank W. Swenie.
Superintendent of Construction Harry Leser.
Chief Clerk John E. Bradley.
Chief Electrical Inspector Victor H. Tousley.

DEPARTMENT Of SUPPLIES.
City Hall, Floor 3J4.
Business Agent Virtus C. Rohm, R.

BUREAU OF STATISTICS.
Room 1004 City Hall.
City Statistician Francis A. Eastman.
Stenographer Kathryn Scully.

HOUSE OF CORRECTION. ,

California Avenue, near 26th Street.

Superintendent John L. Whitman, R.
Deputy Superintendent P. J. O'Connell.
House of Correction Inspectors- Mathias Alter, chairman; Joseph
J. Janda, secretary; Dr. M. A. Weiskopf.
MUNICIPAL REFERENCE LIBRARY.
Room 1005 City Hall.
Municipal Reference Librarian Frederick Rex.
Stenographer Kathryn Scully.
Library Assistant Helen I. Fix.
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WELFARE.
Room811 City Hall Square Building.
Commissioner Mrs. Louise O. kowe.
Secretary Sara E. Riky.
Superintendent Social Survey Mrs. Page Waller Eaton.
Superintendent of Employment J. W. Galley, 509 State building.
FIRE DEPARTMENT.
Headquarters Room 105 City Hall.
Fire Marshal Thomas O'Connor.
First Assistant Fire Marshal P. J. Donohue.
Second Assistant Fire Marshal and Department Inspector E. J.
Buckley.
Fourth Assistant Fire Marshal A. R. Seyferlich.
Fifth Assistant J. McAuliffe.
Sixth Assistant Martin Lacey (acting).
Department Attorney Joseph Murray.
Secretary William C. Gamble.
Battalion Chiefs 1st, P. J. Egan; 2nd, Benjamin O'Connor; 3rd,
Jacob Grauer; 4th, Charles N. Heaney; 5th, Henry Wendt; 6th,
Thomas J. Reynolds; 7th, Michael Kerwin; 8th (vacancy); 9th, James
Crapo; 10th, David J. Mahoney; llth, William H. Miller; 12th, Joseph
L. Kenyon; 13th, Frank Conway; 14th, Michael R. Driscoll; 15th,
234 Poll H o

HumboldtSSO
Superior 559 ^Safety and ^Service
Established 1875 This bank
is under the
supervision of the
M. BRUCKER
Manufacturer of
United States Government

3% Paid on Savings
Stove, Furnace and Boiler
Repairs THE IRVING PARK
814-826 N. LINCOLN ST. CHICAGO NATIONAL BANK
Near Chicago Ave.
4201 Irving Park Blvd.
Branch 806 Wells St., near Chicago Ave. Near C. & N.W. Depot

Tel. Kedzie Estimates furnished Tel. Calumet 5027 Established 1895

593 on request

Ulestfall Storage, Van Royal Tea Company

INCORPORATED
Si Express Co* MANUFACTURERS
RETAILERS
IMPORTERS
FIREPROOF STORAGE ORDINARY
Baking Powder Tea Peanut Batter
MOVING Soap Powder Coffee Toilet Articles
PACKING SHIPPING Toilet Soaps Spices Dried Fruits
Laundry Soaps Extracts Laundry Supplies
3662-4 Our Wagons Deliver Everywhere
3702-4
tV. Twelfth Street
CHICAGO 2418-20 South Park Ave. Chicago

Phone Monroe 1736 Tel. Monroe 1623

Gardiner Metal Co. F. C. JORGESON

Manufacturers of
& CO.
Designers and Manufacturers

JEWELRY
and Bank Fixtures
and Factory
Office

1356-1364 West Lake Street

Show Cases
CHICAGO J59 to 167 Ann Street Chicago

Residence 5128 N. Lincoln Street

Phone Rayenswood 2042

JOHN A. SANDGREN. Prop. FOSTER

SUPERHEATERS
5247 N.CLARK STREET
Phone Edgewater 744 111 West Monroe Street
CHICAGO CHICAGO
 olice History 235

James Ward: 16th, John E. Smith; 17th, George H. McAllister; 18th,

Edward F. AIcGurn; 19th, James Costin; 20th, Thomas P. Kenney;
21st, Frank Grady; 22d, Walter Powers: 23d, Eugene Sweeney; 24th,
John Evans; 25th, Michael Corrigan; 26th, Frank Oswald.
Superintendent Insurance Patrol E. T. Shepherd, 163 West Mon-
roe street.

BUREAU OF FIRE PREVENTION AND PUBLIC SAFETY.

Headquarters Room 604 City Hall.
Chief of Bureau and Third Assistant Fire Marshal John C. Mc-
Donnell.
Fire Prevention Engineer in Charge Elisha A. Case.

Deputy Fire Prevention Engineer in Charge Charles W. Hejda.

Chief Clerk T. J. Sullivan.
CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSIONERS.
Room 610 City Hall.
Commissioners Percy B. Coffin, R., president; Joseph P. Geary,
D.; Charles E. Frazier, R.
Secretary and Chief Examiner A. M. Swanson.
ELECTION COMMISSIONERS.
City Hall, Third Floor, South End.
Commissioners August Lueders, D., chairman; Bernard Horwick,
R., secretary; Frank X. Rydzewski, D.
Chief Clerk Dennis J. Egan.
Attorney Colin C. H. Fyffe.
DEPARTMENT OF SMOKE INSPECTION.
Room 608 City Hall.
Chief Smoke Inspector William H. Reid.
Supervising Mechanical Engineer F. A. Chambers.
Chief Clerk Edward R. Laub.

DEPARTMENT FOR THE INSPECTION OF STEAM BOILERS.

STEAM AND COOLING PLANTS.
Room 111 City Hall.
Chief Inspector George E. Nye.
CITY ARCHITECT.
Room 1012 City Hall.
City Architect Charles W. Kallal.

DEPARTMENT OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

Vault Floor, City Hall.
Inspector Weights and Measures Morris Eller, R.
Chief Deputy William F. Cluett.

OIL INSPECTOR'S OFFICE.

Room 1013 City Hall.
Oil Inspector Paul Henderson, R.

MUNICIPAL LODGING HOUSE.

162 North Union Avenue.
Superintendent Harry Neal.

COOK COUNTY OFFICIALS.

Hours 9 a. m. to 5 p. m.
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS.
Room 537 Courthouse.
President Peter Reinberg, D., 523 Couthhouse.
Clerk of County Board Robert M. Sweitzer, D., 600 Courthouse.
Commissioners, City Districts Peter Reinberg, D.; Frank Ragen.
D.; Joseph M. Fitzgerald, D.: Bartley Burg, D.; Daniel Moriarty, D.:
Albert Nowak, D.; Daniel Ryan, D.; Thomas Kasperski, D.; Owen
O'Malley, D,; William D. Scott, D, Country districts William Basse,
236 P o I c e H o

Established 1882 Best of References

T.I^V,,I >* Main 76 and 77
Telephones
RICE & SON
Contractors for

G. M. HOOF CO. Tuck Pointing

Carriage and Automobile
Building Repairs
Upholsteries Fire Walls and Chimneys Re-
* built and Pointed
Carriage and Auto Leather
Auto Top Fabrics Office 32 North Clark St.
ROOM 401
317 W. Randolph St. TELEPHONE MAIN 3766
Kesi deuce 6738 Rhodes Avenue
CHICAGO Phone Wentworth 3533

Benedetto Allegretti Co. P. A. BIRREN & SON

At
CANDY Smtteral Btmtnra
Factory Prices
4 POUNDS $I,OO 2927 Lincoln Ave.
Full Net Weight in all boxes. Phone Lake View 63
14 oz.
Assorted Flavors
25c CHICAGO
Fresh Prime Seconds.

USE "LIQUO-CHOCLAT" M. A. McCORTNEY.Pres.

T. A. FITZSIMMONS, Vice-Pres.
., Ready-to-Serve 30c
W. H. MELLIN, Sec'y and Treas.
For Beverages, Cake Frost-
ing's, Dessert, Sauce, Etc.

FACTORY SALBSROOri
INVESTMENTS
224 Randolph Street
72/0 Chamber of Commerce
Just West of Fifth Ave. "L" S. E. Cor. Washington and La Selle
Streets
Close Daily at 5:30 P. M. TEL. MAIN 1010
CHICAGO

C P. SAMMS, Pres. aad Gen. Mgr.

INSTALLATION REMODELING
J. B, WANTZ. Secy, and Gen. Supt,
Telephone Moiiroe 4000

Victor Electric Co.

William A. Pope
Steam Heating Plants
JElectrtcal
/iDanufacturers
26 N. Jefferson Street
Main Office and Factory
Jackson Blvd. and Robey St. CHICAGO
 olice History 237

R.: Joseph Carolan, R.; Dudley D. Pierson, R.; George A. Miller,

R.;
William H. McLean, R. Room 537 Courthouse.
Committee Clerk Peter Ellert, 527 Courthouse.
Meetings The regular meetings of the board of commissioners
are held on the first Monday of December, January, February, March,
June and September of each year.
COUNTY CLERK'S OFFICE.
Courthouse 2d floor, south end.
County Clerk Robert M. Sweitzer, D.
Chief Deputy John H. Mack.
Chief Clerk Al F. Gorman.
Chief Tax Extensions Martin J. O'Brien.
Chief Election Department Daniel Herlihy.

COMPTROLLER'S OFFICE.
Room 511 Courthouse.
Comptroller Robert M. Sweitzer, D.
Deputy Comptroller William J. Graham.
Chief Clerk Michael J. O'Connor.

CLERK OF COUNTY COURT.

Room 600 Courthouse.
Clerk Robert M. Sweitzer.
Chief Clerk George L. McConnell.

COUNTY TREASURER'S OFFICE.

Courthouse 1st and 2d floors, north end.
County Treasurer Henry Stuckart, D.
Assistant Treasurer Jacob Lindheimer.

SUPERINTENT OF PUBLIC SERVICE.

Room 726 Courthouse.
Superintendent Henry A. Zender.
STATE'S ATTORNEY'S OFFICE.
Criminal Court Building 2d floor.
State's Attorney Maclay Hoyne, D.
Chief Assistant Frank Johnston, Jr.
Secretary Edward Fleming.
J.
Assistants Marvin E. Barnhart, Harry E. Berger, Hayden N.
Bell, George C. Bliss, Charles C. Case, Jr., James C. Dooley, William
H. Duval, Eliot H. Evans, Richard J. Finn, John T. Fleming, John
F. Higgins, Francis E. Hinckley, Ernest Langtry, Bernard J. Mahony,
Dwight McKay, John P. Moran, John K. Murphy, Patrick J. Murphy,
James C. O'Brien, James R. Quinn, Eugene C. O'Reilly, John
Prystalski, Edwin J. Raber, Morris Schaeffer, Charles P. Schwartz,
Joseph A. Smejkal, Malcolm B. Sterrett, Michael F. Sullivan, Irwin
N. Walker, William W. Witty, Joseph R. Fahy, Robert E. Hogan,
Edward E. Wilson, William H. Holly, Daniel G. Ramsay, Augustus
Kelly, Ernest H. Buehler, Henry Eckhardt, John R, Henen, J. V.
Hickey, Hart E. Baker, Joseph A. Coverty, Julian Kwasigroch, W. W.
De Armond, Eugene P. Quirk.
RECORDER'S OFFICE.
Courthouse 1st floor, south end.
Recorder of Deeds Joseph F. Connery, D.
Chief Deputy John P. Dougherty.
Chief Clerk James C. Russell.

REGISTRAR OF TITLES.
Courthouse 1st floor, south end.
Registrar Joseph F. Connery, D.
Chief Clerk Terence F. Moran.
Examiners James F. Fardy, Henry D. Bottum, Tulius Stern, Edgar
H. Parnell.
Advisory Examiners Nathaniel C- Sears, John S. Hummer,' A. F.
Reichmann. Charles T. Farson,
238 Police His tor 1

CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION.

Room 547 Courthouse.
Commissioners Melville G. Holding, president; Hugo L. Pitte,
secretary; Ralph L. Peck.

JURY COMMISSION.
Room 824 Courthouse.
Commissioners Joseph H. Barnett, president; Otto Pampel, sec-
retary; Joseph I. Novak.
Clerk Charles L. Caswell.

BOARD OF ASSESSORS.
Courthouse, 3d floor, north end.
Members of the Board Frank W. Koraleski, D., chairman; Michael
K. Sheridan, D., secretary; William H. Weber, R., Adam Wolf, R.,
Patrick A. Nash.
Chief Clerk James A. Long.

BOARD OF REVIEW.
Courthouse, 3d floor, south end.
Members of Board Frank S. Ryan, D.; T. J. Webb, D.; Fred W.
Blocki, D.
Chief Clerk Stephen D. Griffin.

COUNTY INSTITUTIONS.
In Oak Forest.
Superintendent Henry L. Bailey, D.

COUNTY ARCHITECT.
Room 911139 North Clark street.
County Architect Eric E. Hall.

SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS.
Room 506 Courthouse.
Superintendent Edward J. Tobin, D.
COUNTY HOSPITAL.
Harrison and Honore streets.
Warden Clayton F. Smith, D.
COUNTY AGENT'S OFFICE.
Main 213-215 S. Peoria street; branch offices, 1054 N. Ashland
office,
avenue, 837 W. 47th street, 8800 Houston avenue, 229 W. North
avenue, 3466 Archer avenue, 1655 Blue Island avenue, 2609 S. Kedzie
avenue, 221 E. 115th street.
County Agent William H. Ehemann, D.
COUNTY SURVEYOR.
Room 726 ^Courthouse.
County Suveyor George C. Waterman, D.
COUNTY PHYSICIAN.
Office in detention hospital.
County Physician Dr. Adam Szwajkart.
CORONER'S OFFICE.
Room 500 Courthouse.
Coroner Peter M. Hoffman, R.
Chief Clerk J. J. Gillespie.
Chief Deputy David R. Jones.
Deputies John A. Pelka, Michael P. Hartney. Ado'ph Herrmann,
John J. Thumm, George A. Webster, Charles F. Kennedy, William
Ostrom, Michael G. Walsh, Henry Spears, Samuel L. Davis, George
Lindeman.
Physicians E, R, LeCount, William H. Burmeister, Joseph
Springer.
 olice History 239

SHERIFF'S OFFICE.
Courthouse, 4th floor, center.
Sheriff John E. Traeger, D.
Assistant Sheriff Otto Spankuch.
Chief Deputy Charles W. Peters.
Jailer Wiliam T. Davies, R.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATOR.
Appointed by governor.
Room 1016 City Hall Square building.
Administrator James F. Bishop, D.
Attorney Francis H. McKeever.

CUSTODIAN COUNTY BUILDING.

Room 1026 Courthouse.
John Czekala, D.
LOCATION OF COUNTY DEPARTMENTS AND COURTS.
LOCATION OF COUNTY BUILDINGS.
Courthouse Clark street, between Washington and Randolph;
south side.
County Jail North Dearborn and Illinois streets, north side.
Criminal Court building West Austin avenue and North Dearborn
street, north side.
Wood street, near Polk; west side.
Children's hospital
County Hospital Harrison and Honore streets; west side.
County Infirmary Oak Forest; reached by the Rock Island rail-
road.
County Morgue Wood and Polk streets; west side.
Detention Hospital Wood and Polk streets; west side.
County Agent Main office, 213 South Peoria street; west side.
Juvenile Court Room 1007 Courthouse.
Home for Delinquent and Dependent Children 771 Ewing street.

IN COURT HOUSE.
Board of Assessors Third floor, north end.
Board of Review Third floor, south end.
County Commissioners Room 531.
Committee Clerk Room 527.
County Treasurer First and second floors, north end.
County Clerk Second floor, south end.
County Court Room 603.
County Court Clerk Room 600.
County Comptroller Room 511.
County Superintendent of Schools Room 546.
County Surveyor Room 726.
Custodian Room 1026.
Coroner Room 500.
Civil Service Commissioners Room 547.
Circuit Court Seventh floor.
Circuit Court Clerk Fourth floor, north end.
Jury Commissioners Room 824.
President County Board Room 523.
Probate Court Sixth floor.
Probate Court Clerk Sixth floor.
Sheriff Fourth floor, center.
Superior Court Eighth floor.
Superior Court Clerk Fourth floor, south end.
Superintendent of Public Service Room 519.

CRIMINAL COURT BUILDING.

Criminal Court Clerk First floor.
Criminal Courts Third, fourth and fifth floors.
Sheriff (Bailiffs) in Charge of Criminal Courts First floor,
Grand Jury Assembly Room- Second floor,
State's Attorney Second floor,
240 Police Histo
CHICAGO TELEPHONE RATES.
Under ordinance passed by city council May 26, 1913.
Following are the maximum rates which may be charged by the
Chicago Telephone company for a period of five years or until May,
1918:

MEASURED RATE SERVICE.

Business.
For single party including 960 outgoing conversations, mes-
line,
sages or calls, $48 a year; next 240 outgoing messages, 5 cents each;
next 1,200 messages, 3 cents each; next 1,200 messages, 2, l/2 centf,
each; for all messages in excess of 3,600, 2 cents each.
For single party line, including 1,200 outgoing messages, $60 a
year; next 1,200 messages, 3 cents each; next 1,200 messages, 2 />
l

cents each; all messages in excess of 3,600, 2 cents each.

Residence.
For single party
line, including 800 outgoing messages, $40 a year;
next 400 messages, 4 cents each; next 1,200 messages, 3 cents each;
next 1,200 messages, 2^ cents each; all messages in excess of 3,600,
2 cents each.

FLAT RATE SERVICE.

Business.
For single party line including not to exceed 500 outgoing mes-
sages in any one month, $10.42 per month; all messages in excess of
500 in any one month, 2 cents each. Present subscribers to single
party business line, with right to unlimited use of same at $125 a
year, have the right to a continuance of the same service at the
same rate.

Residence.
For a single partv line, including all messages. $18 per quarter.
For a two-party line, including all messages, $14 per quarter.

NICKEL COIN BOX SERVICE.

Nickel First.
One-party line, at a guarantee of 20 cents a day, including four
messages.
Two-partv line, at a guarantee of 12^ cents a day, including two
and one-half messages.
Two-partv line (for residences only), at a guarantee of 10 cents a
day, including two messages.
Four-partv line (for residences only), at a guarantee of 5 cents
a da^ including one message.
Additional messages in excess of the guaranteed number per dav
in each of foregoing cases. 4 cents each.
At the timeof making collection the comnany shall allow sub-
scribers 1 cent for each messaere in excess of the total guaranteed
of messages since the last preceding collection.

Nickel Last.
Nickel last rates are the same as nickel first rates except that all

messages in excess of guaranteed number are 5 cents each.

'
'

''

Telephones
Vehicle Bureau Room 304 City Hall Main 447, Local 183
Mounted Police Headquarters Superior 8812 and 8813
Humane Society Harrison 3847005
Commonwealth Edison Pulmotor Randolph 1280
Peoples Gas Company PulmotQr,, _ r ,.,.. Randolph 4567
>olic^e History 241

HEADLIGHTS ON VEHICLES
The following Ordinance regulating Headlights on Automobiles,
Motorcycles or other vehicles was passed by the Citv Council on
March 30, 1914:

Be it ordained by The City Council of the City of Chicago:

Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any person onerating any

automobile, motorcycle or other vehicle, while operating the same

upon the public streets and highways within the City, to use acety-

lene, electric or other bright headlight, or any headlight the rays

from which shall be intensified by any parabolic or condensing re-

flector, unless such headlight shall be properly shaded so as not to

blind, dazzle or confuse other users of the highway or make it diffi-

cult or unsafe for them to ride, drive or walk thereon.

Illinois Automobile Law.

Section.
3 Numbers to be displayed upon motor vehicles and motor bi-

cycles.
4 Lamps.
5 Registration by manufacturers and dealers.
6 Fictitious numbers.
7 Registration in case of sale.

8 Non-resident not required to register.

9 Brakes and horns.
10 Speed.
11 Racing on public highways.
12 Local ordinances prohibited.
13 Licenses of chauffeurs
14 Chauffeur's badge.
15 Use of motor vehicle without owner's consent.
16 Meeting animals giving name and address in case of accident.

The following schedule indicates the fees required to be paid for

licensing motor vehicles, motor bicycles and electric vehicles in the

State of Illinois. All licenses expire Dec. 31 of each year.

25 horse-power and less $ 4.00

50 horse-power and more than 25 horse-power 6.00

50 horse-power and more than 35 horse-power 8.00

More than 50 horse-power 10 00

Electric vehicles 5.00

Motor bicycles 2.00

Manufacturers and dealers 15.00

Chauffeur's license, original 5.00

Chauffeur's license, renewal , 3.00

242 Police H i s t o r 3

Wheel Tax.
Section.

2417 C. C. Vehicle license horse drawn.

2720 C. C. Vehicle license automobile.
2719 C. C. One-horse wagon
One-horse buggy or carriage
Two-horse wagon
Two-horse buggy or carriage
Three-horse wagon
Four-horse wagon
Six or more horse wagon
Motorcycle or motor tricycle
Passenger electric automobile
Passenger automobile 35
Passenger automobile more than
Automobile delivery wagon
1 ton
(Rate $5.00 each) $
(Rate $5.00 each) $
(Rate $10.00 each) $
(Rate $10.00 each) $
(Rate $15.00 each) $
(Rate $25.00 each) $
(Rate $35.00 each) $
(Rate $3.00 each) $
(Rate $10.00 each) $
horse-power or less
(Rate $10.00 each) $
35 horse-power....
(Rate $20.00 each) $
capacity of less than
.

(Rate $15.00 each) $

Automobile truck (capacity of 1 ton or more), coach
or bus
(Rate $30.00 each) $

RULES FOR THE REGULATION OF STREET TRAFFIC.

In the hope that all may be relied upon to co-operate in an effort
to reduce to a minimum the embarrassment resulting from traffic
congestion, particularly within the Loop District, the following rules
are promulgated.
It is believed that a definite understanding will materially aid in

bringing about improved conditions, and that .as the subject is one
which vitally concerns all citizens, a prompt compliance with these
regulations will be cheerfully rendered.
Copies of these rules may be obtained at the Vehicle Bureau, Po-
lice Headquarters and at all police stations.

Definitions.
Article I
Section 1. The word
"vehicle" includes equestrians, led horses and
everything on wheels or runners, except street cars and baby car-
riages.
Sec. 2. The word "horse" includes all domestic animals.
Sec. 3. The word "driver" includes the rider or driver of a horse,
the rider of wheels and the operator of a motor vehicle or street car.
j
Article II Obedience.
Section 1. Drivers of vehicles and street cars must at all times
comply with any direction, by voice or hand, of any member of
the Police Force, as to placing, stopping, starting, approaching or de-
parting from any place: the manner of taking up or setting down
passengers loading or unloading goods in any place.
Sec. 2. Ignorance of these rules shall furnish no excuse for disre-;
garding them.
>olicc History 243

Article III Pedestrians.

Section 1. Pedestrians should remember that while they have the
right to cross the street in safety, the streets are primarily intended
for vehicles, and they should therefore cheerfully conform to all the
traffic rules and thereby contribute not only to their own safety and
comfort but facilitate the movement of traffic as well.
Sec. 2. Pedestrians should never step from the sidewalk to the
street without first looking in each direction for approaching vehicles.
Sec. 3. Pedestrians should never cross streets except at regular
crossings and at right angles.
Sec. 4. Pedestrians should wait for the signal of traffic policeman
wherever one is stationed and move in the direction of the traffic
only.
Sec. 5. Pedestrians should be" particularly cautious in crossing
alleys.

Article IV Drivers' Signals.

Section 1. Before slowing up or stopping, drivers shall signal to
those behind by raising the whip or hand vertically.
Sec. 2. In turning while in motion, or in starting to turn from a
standstill, a signal shall be given by indicating with the whip or hand
the direction in which the turn is to be made.
Sec. 3. Before backing or slowing up ample warning shall be given,
and while backing unceasing vigilance must be exercised not to in-
jure those behind.
Sec. 4. One blast of a police whistle indicates that the East and
West traffic must stop and that the North and South traffic may pro-
ceed.
Two blasts that North and South traffic shall stop and East and
West traffic may proceed.
Three or more blasts is a signal of alarm and indicates the approach
of danger.

Article V Right of Way.

Section 1. Police, Fire Department, Fire Patrol, Traffic Emergency
Repair, Ambulances and United States Mail vehicles shall have the
right of way in any street and through any procession.
Sec. 2. Horse-drawn vehicles shall have the right of way over
power-driven vehicles, street cars excepted.
Sec. 3. The driver of a vehicle, on the approach of any fire ap-
paratus, shall immediately draw up said vehicle as near as practicable
to the right hand curb and parallel thereto and bring it to a standstill.

Article VI Street Cars.

Section 1. The driver of a street car shall immediately stop his
car and keep it stationary upon the approach of any fire apparatus.
Sec. 2. Street cars shall have the right of way, between the cross
streets, over all vehicles.
The driver of any vehicle proceeding upon the track in front of a
street car shall turn out upon signal of the driver or conductor of the
car.
Sec. 3. No vehicle or street car shall so occupy any street as to
interfere with or intercept the passage of other cars of vehicles.
Sec. 4.' During blockades or stoppages a clear space of ten feet
shall be kept open between cars opposite the alley or the center of
the block if there be no alley.
Sec. 5. Vehicles and street cars must stop back of the crosswalk
so as not to interfere with the passage of pedestrians.

Article VII Speed.

Section 1. No vehicle shall proceed at any time at a greater speed
than the law allows and which is safe and proper under the condi-
tions then obtaining.
Sec. 2. No vehicle shall cross any street or avenue or make any
turn at a speed exceeding one-half its legal speed.
244 Police t~L k jl s t o r j

Sec. 3. No vehicle shall emerge from an alley, stable or garage at

a pace faster than a walk; at the latter places an attendant should
precede the vehicle to give warning.
Sec. 4. Horse-drawn vehicles and pedestrians should habitually
cross the street intersections a.s promptly as circumstances permit.
Teams moving at an unnecessarily slow walk across street intersec-
tions greatly impede traffic.
Sec. 5. On all thoroughfares the heavy and slow moving vehicles
shall, as far as conditions permit, keep to the right, in order to allow
the rapid moving and lighter traffic to proceed independently.
Article VIII Keeping to the Right, Passing, Turning, Crossing and

Stopping.
Section 1. A vehicle, except when passing a vehicle ahead, shall
habitually keep as near the right hand curb as possible.
Sec. 2. A vehicle meeting another shall pass to the right.
Sec. 3. On an avenue or street divided longitudinally by a park-
way, walk, sunken way or viaduct, vehicles should keep to the right of
such divisions.
Sec. 4. A vehicle turning into another street to the right shall turn
the corner as near the right hand curb as practicable.
Sec. 5. A vehicle turning into another street to the left shall circle
around the center of the street intersection.
Sec. 6. A vehicle crossing from one side of the street to the other
shall in doing so keep to the right.
Sec. 7. No vehicle shall stop with left side to the curb.
Sec. 8. No vehicle shall stand backed up to the curb except when
actually loading or unloading, and if said vehicle is horse-drawn and
has four wheels, the horse or horses must stand parallel to the curb
and faced in the direction of traffic.
Sec. 9. A vehicle waiting at the curb shall promptly give place to a
vehicle about to load or unload.
Sec. 10. No vehicle, unless in an emergency or to allow another
vehicle or pedestrian to cross its path, shah stop in any street or high-
way, except near the right hand curb thereof, and so not to obstruct
a crossing.
Sec. 11. No vehicle shall back to make a turn in any street if by
so doing it interferes with other vehicles, but shall go around the
block or to a street sufficiently wide to turn in without blocking
traffic.
Sec. 12. Vehicles will enter North and South and all "L" shaped
or right-angled alleys from the North and leave from the South;
East and West alleys, from the East and leave from the West.
Section 2484a. Vehicles to stop when street cars discharge or take
on passengers. It shall be unlawful for any person driving or having
charge, possession or control of any vehicle being driven or pro-
pelled or operated upon the streets of the City of Chicago, upon
overtaking any street car which is stopped for the purpose of dis-
charging or taking on a passenger or passengers, to permit, or cause
said vehicle to pass or approach within ten (10) feet of. said car as
long as the said car is so stopped or remains standing for the purpose
of discharging or taking on a passenger or passengers.
2493. Vehicles Passing Motor Vehicles Not to Run on Left Hand
Tracks. All vehicles shall keep as close to the right-hand curb as safety
and prudence shall permit, except when overtaking and passing an-
other vehicle, and except when running within the car tracks,
and as provided in Section 2487 hereof. An overtaken vehicle
must at all times be passed on its left side, except that in case
of motor vehicles and motorcycles passing street cars or other ve-
hicles when running within the car tracks; in such case such motor
vehicle or motorcycle shall not turn to the left into the track re-
served for street cars and vehicles moving in the opposite direction,
but shall pass to the right of such street car or vehicle so overtaken.

Article IX Vehicles.
Section 1. No one shall drive a vehicle that is so closed in or con-
structed as to prevent the driver from having a sufficient view of the
traffic at the sides of such vehicle.
 olice History 245

Sec. 2. No one shall drive or conduct any vehicle in such condi-

tion, so constructed or so loaded as to be likely to cause delay in
traffic or accident or injury to man, beast or property.
Sec. 3. No vehicle shall be so loaded that it may not be easily
drawn over the most difficult portion of the route.
Sec. 4. Noone shall load or drive a vehicle loaded with iron or
any material likely to create loud noises by striking together without
using every effort to deaden the load.
Sec. 5. Noone under sixteen years of age shall be permitted to
drive any vehicle.
Sec. 6. No one shall ride upon the rear end of any vehicle with-
out the consent of the driver, and when riding no part of his body
shall protrude beyond the limits of the vehicle.
Sec. 7. No vehicle shall be used on any street or highway unless
provided with lights and sound signals as prescribed by law.
Sec. 8. All vehicles are required between one and one-half hours
after sunset and one hour before sunrise to have on the left side a
light which shall show white 200 feet to the front and red 200 feet to
the rear. Bicycles, etc., shall have one white light that shall be visible
200 feet.
Sec. 9. Drivers of vehicles loaded with ashes, cinders, coal, mortar,
snow or similar material, so that the matter is scattered along the
street, are liable to arrest.
Sec. 10. No vehicle not in charge of a driver shall, between 6 a. m.
and 7 p. m., stand in any street or alley within the district bounded
by Lake street, Wabash avenue, Harrison and Market streets tor a
period longer than 30 minutes.

Article X Control of Horses.

Section 1. No horse shall be left unattended in any street unless
securely fastened or unless the wheels of the vehicle to which he is
harnessed are securely fastened and the vehicle itself is of sufficient
weight to prevent its being dragged with the wheels so secured.
Sec. 2. No horse shall be unbridled in any street unless secured
by a halter.
Sec. 3. No one shall remove a wheel, pole, shaft, whiffletree, or
other part of a vehicle or any part of a harness without first un-
hitching the horse or horses.
Sec. 4. No one shall let go of the reins while riding, driving or
conducting a horse.
Sec. 5. No one shall knowingly permit an animal to be driven
which is not in every respect fit for the service in which it is em-
ployed and free from lameness, sores or any disease likely to
cause pain to the animal or an injury to person or property.
Sec. 6. No one shall ill-treat, over-load, over-drive, over-ride or
cruelly or unnecessarily beat any horse.
Sec. 7. No one shall crack or so use a whip as to annoy, inter-
fere with or endanger any person or excite any horse other than
that which he is using.

Motor Vehicle Muffler Ordinance.

Section 1. No person shall operate, nor shall the owner of any
automobile, motor vehicle, or motorcycle, permit to be operated on
the streets, alleys and public places of the City of Chicago any
automobiles, motor vehicle or motorcycle which has not a muffler
in a proper and efficient working condition; and it shall be further
unlawful for any person to operate, or for the owner of any auto-
mobile, motor vehicle or motorcycle to permit to be operated any
such automobile, motor vehicle or motorcycle on the streets, alleys
or public places of the City of Chicago with the muffler cut out or
not in operation.
Sec. 2. Any person violating any of the provisions of this ordi-
nance shall be fined in a sum not less than rive dolars or more than
fifty dollars for each offense.
Sec. 3. This ordinance shall be in full force and effect from and
after its passage and due publication.
 Police His tor;
SYNOPSIS OF AUTOMOBILE LAW SECTION 7.

Transfer of Motor Vehicle.

Report of Sale.
Every person selling a registered motor vehicle must immediately
remove tne number plates and seal therefrom, and within 10 days
report said sale to the Secretary of State.
j/ee of $1.00 tor filing said report must be paid by the vendor.
Upon payment of $1.00 additional the vendor may register any
other motor vehicle of like horse-power or less, owned by him, re-
taining the number of the machine sold.
The vehicle sold must be registered same as an .original registra-
tion.
Synopsis of Illinois Laws and Chicago Ordinances Relating to the
Use Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles on the Public
of
Highways, and Suggestions to Motorists.
Registration Owners must register automobiles with the Secre-
tary of State within ten (.10) days after purchase. Registration ex-
pires December 31st each year. The first registration, if for less
than a year, will be pro-rated.
State registration lees full year first registration pro-rated.
Registration Certificates and Number Plates Certificate of regis-
tration will be issued by the Secretary of State. Seat and two num-
ber plates must be attached to automobile.
Display of Number Plates One number plate must be attached to
front, the other to rear, of machine. Must not swing loosely. Rear
number must not be less than twenty (20) inches above surface of
the ground. Number plates must be unobstructed and kept clean
and tree from dirt and grease. If broken or disfigured, must be re-
paired.
Fictitious Numbers No number belonging to another, nor fic-
titious number, to be displayed.
Chauffeurs Must be licensed by State after passing an examina-
tion. Must be eighteen (18) years of age, or over. License expires
on December 31st of each year. Chauffeurs' badges must be worn
while operating automobiles and must not be transferred to other
persons.
No chauffeur or other person permitted to operate automobile in
the absence of owner without consent. Chaufteur or other person
having charge of an automobile must .not accept a bonus or dis-
count in the purchase of supplies or for work.
Intoxicated Operator No one permitted to operate an automobile
while intoxicated. Chauffeur may have his license revoked for such
conduct.
Age of Operator Must be at least sixteen (16). If under eighteen
(18) operator must be accompanied by parent or guardian. All oper-
ators must not be incapacitated from freely using both feet to
operate an automobile.
Running Machinery No automobile to be left standing without
an attendant while machinery is running.
Injuries In case of injury, driver must stop at once to ascertain
extent of injury and to render assistance. Must give name and ad-
dress, if requested.
Escaping Gas No noxious smoke, gas, steam or offensive odor
to escape from an automobile. Brakes, horns and signal devices
Must be provided with good brakes and with bell, horn or signal
device producing abrupt sound loud enough to warn of danger.
No unnecessary noise permitted. Steering gear must always be in
good working order.
MufflersMust be on all automobiles and must not be cut out
or inoperative.
Lamps Must be lighted from sunset to one hour before sunrise.
Front lamps must be visible at least 200 feet; rear lamps must
throw red light in the reverse direction. Number plate at back must
be legible 150 feet. Switch controlling light must not be placed
where it can be operated by person riding on or within the vehicle.
Rear number plate must be unobstructed and visible from any
angle. Lamp alongside of it to be not less than 6 nor more than
12 inches from plate nor project more than 6 inches.
 olice History 247

GOVERNMENT OFFICES IN CHICAGO.

The postoffice and
other United States department offices, ex-
all
cept where otherwise noted, are in the federal building, which stands
on the square bounded by Clark, Adams and Dearborn streets and
Jackson boulevard. Postmaster, Daniel A. Campbell.
Appraiser's Office Harrison and Sherman streets; appraiser, W. E.
Clare.
Bureau of Commerce Room 629; commercial agent, Dr. W. C.
Huntington; radio inspector, J. F. Dillon.
Bureau of Reclamation Service Rooms 776-779; C. F. Harris, act-
ing transportation agent.
Custom House South wing, fourth floor; collector, Rivers McNeill;
special deputy collector, John R. Ford; naval officer, William Brown;
special deputy naval officer, Edgar C. Hawley.
Hydrographic Office Room 528; Lieut. A. M. Steckel in charge.
Immigration Bureau Newberry building, Eldredge court and Wa-
bash avenue; inspector in charge, Dr. P. L. Prentis.
Inspectors of Steam Vessels Room 529; inspector of hulls (va-
cancy); inspector of boilers, William Nicholas.
Internal Revenue Department East wing, fourth floor; collector,
Julius F. Smietanka; chief deputy, Frank E. Hemstreet; cashier, Fred-
erick W. Rech.
Coast Guard Service Room 500; inspector, F. J. Haake.
Marine Hospital Clarendon and Graceland avenues; surgeon in
command, Dr. J. O. Cobb.
Postoffice Inspector Room 330; James E. Stuart in charge.
Railway Mail Service Third floor, north wing; Capt. E. L. West,
superintendent.
United States District Attorney Room 826; Charles F. Clyne; chief
clerk, William A. Small.
United States Engineer Room 508; officer in charge, Lieut. -CoL
W. V. Judson, corps of engineers, U. S. A.
United States Marshal Rooms 804 and 806; marshal, John J. Brad-
ley; chief deputy, John P. Wolf.
United States Secret Service Room 881; Thomas I. Porter, chief
operator.
United States Subtreasury First floor, northwest section; assist-
ant treasurer, Irving Shuman; cashier, Frank C. Russell;
Weather Bureau Fourteenth floor; professor in charge, Henry
J. Cox.

LAW AND ORDER LEAGUES AND PROTECTIVE

ASSOCIATIONS.
Anti-Cruelty Society and Refuge President L. E. Meyers; secre-
tary, Hugo Krause, 155 West Grand avenue.
Anti-Saloon League of Illinois 1200, 189 West Madison street;
superintendent, F. Scott McBride.
Chicago Law and Order League President Arthur B. Farwell;
secretary, William F. Mulvihill, 1305, 19 South LaSalle street.
Citizens' Association 911, 8 South Dearborn street; president,
Moses E. Greenebaum; secretary, S. M. Singleton.
Citizens' League of Chicago for the Suppression of the Sale of
Liquor to Minors and Drunkards 1405, 155 North Clark street; sec-
retary, Frank S. Baker; superintendent, Henry King Grose.
Englewood Law and Order League 331 West 63d street; attorney,
J. H. Lyle.
Garfield Park Protective Association President, E. Worthing;
secretary, William Watters, 4147 West Congress street.
Hyde Park Protective Association President, John B. Lord; sec-
retary, Arthur B. Farwell, 1305, 19 South LaSalle street.
Illinois Humane Society 1145 South Wabash avenue; president,
John L. Shortall; secretary, George A. H. Scott.
Immigrants' Protective League 920 South Michigan avenue; presi-
dent, Alex. A. McCormick.
248 Police Histo

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Bunte Brothers Chicago

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737-39 W. Jackson Blvd. Chicago

O. C. BREWER, Manager Telephone Belmont 7939

'AUTOMOBILE: REPAIRING

Logan Square Motor Car Co. (Not Inc.)

DEALERS IN
Automobiles, Accessories and Supplies
2533-35 North Sacramento Avenue
A gents for
STUTZ AND MARION
 o H o 249

CONTENTS
Page Page
Afterword 211 Law and Order Leagues and Pro-
Badenoch, John J 15 tective Associations 240
Bartram, Wheeler 25 Lynch, Peter T 27
Blettner, Capt. August 29 Mayors and the Police Force 39
Brennan, MicTiael 15 "McCormjak Harvester Wc4-k)s
Car-Barn Bands, The 197 Riots" 103
Chicago in its Infancy 33 McWeeney, John 21
Chiefs of Police City of Chicago. ... 31 Municipal Directory 223
Cook County Officials 235 Officers Police Pensioners Ass'n....249
Collins, John M 19 O'Neill, Francis 17
County Depts. and Courts, Location. 23: Police Directory 217
Development of Police Dept., year The Railroad Strike of 1894 145
by year from 1879 165 Railroad Passenger Stations 241
Fire. The 49 Riots and The Police Force 65
Foreword 5 Rules for the Regulation of Street
Fourth of May, The 123 Traffic 244
Funkhouser, Major M. L. C 13 Shippy, Geo. M 19
Gleason, James 23 Schuettler, Herman F 11
Government Offices in Chicago 240 Stewart, Leroy T 21
The Growth of Anarchism 81 "The Street Car Strike" 91
"Hard Times and Riot Following the Strikes 199
Fire" .. 53 Synopsis of Automobile Law, Sec-
Healey, Chas C 9 tion 7 248
Heidelmeier, Lieut. Max 23 Telephone Rates 242
History of Police Dept 33 Thompson, Wm. Hale 7
Illinois Automobile Law 243 The Traffic Squad 155
Kipley, Joseph 17 Wheel Tax 244

INDEX OF ADVERTISERS
Acme Electrotype 204 Brevoort Hotel 1
Adams, C. F., Co 158 Brinks Express 211
Ahlberg Bearing Co 56 Bi ucker, M 234
Ahern, Thos. J. & Bros 200 Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co., The. 58
Akron Tire & Vulcanizing Co 62 Brunswick Keith Co 165
Albaugh-Dover Co 14 Bryant& Greenwood 137
Alexander, W. A., & Co 180 Buck & Rayner 146
Allen, R. A., Co 160 Bunte Bros 248
Allis Brick Co 117 Buscher, Fred 230
American Auto-Top Mfg. Co 183 Burke Machine Works 230
American Cement Plaster Co 78 Burke., Aug., Roofing Co 194
American Cocoanut Butter Co 120 Burnham, John, & Co 44
American Colortype Co 151 Burr, Geo. H., & Co 42
American District Telegraph Co 12 Bush & Gerts Piano Co 32
American Film Co., Inc 48 Butzow, Julius R 182
American Insulated Wire & Cable Cabot, Samuel, Inc 205
Co 179 California Fruit Growers Exchange. 188
American Motor Livery Co 150 Carlson, C. A 226
American Shoe Polish Co 198 Centennial Laundry 190
Anderson, C. J., & Co 178 Central Furniture Packing Co 186
Anderson, Gilbert 78 Central Undertaking 214
Anderson, C. W., & Co 44 Channell Chemical Co 142
Anderson, W. E 214 Cheriola Co., The 154
Andrews & Co 42 Chicago Bonding Co., The 136
Andrews Lumber & Mill Co 94 Chicago Bridge & Iron Works 34
Anderson-Stevens Co 162 Chicago Car Seal Co.-. 190
Archer Iron Works 220 Chicago Faucet Co 141
Armstrong, H. J., & Co 68 Chicago Ferrotype Co 131
Arntzen, B. E 218 Chicago Flexible Shaft Co 96
Art Marble Co 180 Chicago Iron & Steel Works 147
Art Wall Paper Mills 168 Chicago Linen Supply Co 110
Astor Hotel 170 Chicago Orthopedic Co 140
Auditorium Hotel 94 Chicago P'ortland Cement Co 130
Aurora Automobile Machinery Co.. 80 Chicago Pulley & Shafting Co 128
Auto Parts Co 250 Chicago Rawhide Mfg. Co., The." ..106
Auto Sales and Parts 226 Chicago Telephone Co 224
Automatic Carburetor Co 118 Chicago Waste Co 220
Christopher Motor Car 157
Babcock, Rushton, & Co 30 .
Churan, Albert G 1..216
Baker, John, Jr 192 Church & Holies Co 220
Bakers &
Confectioners Supply Co.. 226 City of Chicago 223
Bartlett, Fred'k H 222 Claremont Garage, The 164
Bartlett, Frazier 26 Clark, F. L 158
Bear Tire Co 84 Clement, Curtis & Co 42
Beavor Electric Construction Co.... 80 Clinton Co 97
Bechstein & Co 10ft Cohen & Co 216
Beecroft & Co 188 Columbia Feather Co 216
Belden Manufacturing Co 136 Compliments of a Friend 232
Bell & Howell Co 106 Compound Injector & Specialty Co.. 78
Benson, Andrew 218 Condon ,t Giblin 142
Bet.z Fr. & Co 34 Congress Hotel and Annex 112
Birren, P. A 236 Conley, Klpllnger & Hussey 226
Benedetto, Allegretti 236 Consolidated Engineering Co 32
Blue Valley Butter 92 Continental Bolt & Iron Works 174
Bohner Mfg. Co
Bolters Son's, A
232
156
Cooper, Harry W 228
Borden Coyne Nat'l Trade Schools 221
108 Cozzens, Samuel 168
Brandeis Auto Sales Co 36 Crescent Jacket, Apron & Towel Sup-
Breed, Elliott & Harrison .
. 40 Ply Co U4
250 o t i H o

Cribben & Sexton Co 128 Hygienic Ice Co 170

Crofoot, Nielsen & Co loo Hyldahl Bros 158
Illinois Central R. R
Cudahy Packing Co 2
Illinois Electrotype Co
4
14S
Cunningham, John T 199
IllinoisFlower Box Co 86
Curtis & Sanger 1
Delco Lunch Co Inside back cover IllinoisShow Case Works 10''
David Fireproof Storage 21 Ilg Electric Ventilating Co 173
Dennos Food Co 215 Imperial Dyers & Cleaners 19S
Diamond, T., Motor Car Co 54 Industry Novelty Co 126
Diener, Geo. AV., Mfg. Co 146 International Lumber Co 192
Dietsch, A 21 Irving Park National Bank 234
D. L. Co 150 Jack, Dr. Harry T 72
Dodge, F. W 196
1^2
Jackson New Hotel
Jones Fashion Garage
161
14 1
Dusek, Jos., Co. . . :

Jorgeson, F. C 234
Eastern Viavi Co 82
Joseph, Herbert L. & Co 178
Economic Cost of National Prohibi- Kaestner & Hecht Co 132
16
tion Kaiser & Co., W. F 28
Economy Fuse & Mfg. Co 156
Kampp, C. & Son 210
Economy Pumping Co 232 Karol B
Edgar, David W 194
Karpen, S., & Bros
195
176
Edison Co 6
Kaufman's Restaurants 206
Edler, Francis, & Co 130
Kellogg Switchboard and Supply Co.l2o
Edmanson Catering Co 203 Kennicott Co 124
Elaborated Ready Roofing Co 90 Kenwood Bridge Co 127
Elgin Motor Car Corporation 36 Kercher Bath Co 208
Electric Shop 6
Kimball, C. P.. & Co 48
& Co
Elston, Clifford 40
King. Joy Lo, Restaurant 189
Emery Motor Livery Co 88
Kirchberg 70
Emmons Electric Co. 46
Klaner, Fred. 216
Ero Mfg. Co 176
Klein, Fred 226
Evans, H. C., & Co 150
Knisely Bros 169
Evanston Hotel 74
Krueger, Theo., Hardware Co 101
Excelsior Laundry Co 1S6
Lacy Machine Co. 122
Excelsior Motor Mfg. & Supply Co.. 76
Lake View Laundry 20S
Ferguson, E. A 09 La Kurba Cigar Co 154
Fiat 116 Landlords & Collecting Agency of
Findeisen & Kropf Mfg. Co 98 Chicago 170
Finney, H. W &
38 Lashe's Bitters
Lasker Iron Works
172
Fitz Simmons & Connell Dredge 196
Dock Co 66 Latham Machinery Co 190
Florsheim Men's Boot Shop, The... 108 Lau, Max, Colortype Co 200
Fox River Butter Co 60 Lawndale State and National Bank. 112
French Hand Laundry Co 170 Law, Robert 214
Frerk, Henry, Sons 218 Lee Tire & Rubber Co 72
Friedlander, D 228 Leonard Seed Co 174
Furness Bros. Co .146 Leserman Bros 172
Liberty Incandescent Light Co 152
G-A. Bail Bearing Mfg. Co 105 Lindsay Light Co 162
Gallanis Bros 120 Link Belt Co 104
Garden City Spring Works 96 Linolite Mfg. Co. 86
Gardiner Metal Co 234 Lipsey & Co 171
Garfield Park State Savings Bank.. 94 Liverpool and London and Globe In-
Garfield Park Storage Co 52 surance Co., The 134
Gavin, Jas. C 196 Lloyd, W. G., Co 46
Ganger, John A 213 Lloyd-Thomas Co 74
Gilbert Company 140 Locomobile Co., The 50
Goldman, Sachs & Co 44 Logan Square Motor Co 250
Globe-Wernicke 145 Lombard Hotel 143
Gloor & Co., R. G 202 London Auto Supply Co 113
Goodman Manufacturing Co 58 Ludlow, H. D 202
Goodrich, B. F., Rubber Co 100 Lynch & Uetz 184
Gorman, John C., Co 68 Madison & Kedzie State Bank 174
Gould Storage Battery Co 76 Hadlung & Eidman 64
Graham Bros 197 Magill, John R., & Co 116
Grayland Auto Station 90 Magner, Winslow & Co 167
Great Northern Hotel 102 Majestic Theater 132
Greek American Storage Co 222 Manufacturers' Furniture Co. ...... .135
Greeley-Howard-Norlin Co 148 Manz Engraving Co. 196
Guyon's Dancing Academies .. 84 Marmon Chicago Co 88
Hales & Edwards Co ~. . . 182 Marshall-Jackson Co 180
Hammesfahr 138 A. H. Martens & Co 30
Hanchett Bond Co 30 Master Carbureter 122
Hanson, Louis, Co 72 Masonic Temple Safety Deposit
Harmony Cafeteria 164 Vaults 208
Hartman Sanders Co 178 Matador Tire & Vulcanizing Co 52
Havana Importing Co 90 Mathis Bros. Co 163
Hawtin Engraving Co 66 Mayers, Oscar 22
Healthatorium 122 McCortney, J. H 236
Heath & Milligan Mfg. Co 62 McCarty Auto Co 114
Hemwall, John, Automobile Co 82 McCarty Bros 146
Herbert Boiler Co : 209 McDonald Rest Cure 186
Herman, K. I., Co 204 McKinnon.s Restaurants 194
Hetzel, John 174 Metro Pictures Service 168
Hochspeier, Undertaker 114 Metz Shoe Co 228
Hodenpyl, Hardy & Co 30 The Meyercord Co 92
Hoepner Automatic Scale Co 118 Midland Linseed Products Co 180
Holinger, A., & Co 103 Millar, E. B., & Co 106
Holland Laundry 220 Mitchell Automobile Co 149
Holmes & Co., F. C 162 Middleton, Edw., Co 102
Home Laundry Co 204 Monogram Laundry Co 222
Homewood Press, The 148 Moon Mfg. Co 191
Hoof, C. M., Co 236 Moore, Benjamin & Co 182
Htiether, Jacob 210 Morris, William. & Sons Co 118
Hugro Mfg. Co., The 50 Motor Car Sales Co 100
Huguelet Bros. Garage 190 Mueller, Frank M 220
Hung, Fong Lo 210 Nagel-Chase 22b
 H o 251

Naugle Pole & Tie Co 54 Simpson, Bevans & Co 68

Naumburg, E., & Co 4 Sleepeck-Helman Printing Co 134
Harry Newman 96 Smith Form-a-Truck 76
New Method Laundry 166 Smith, H. A 192
Noelle,J. B. & Co.". .Inside back cover
. . Sorenson, N. C., Motor Express 212
North Ave. State Bank 175 . . South Halsted St. Iron Works 200
North Side Cleaners & Dyers Co. ... : South Side Tire Co 212
Northern Rubber Works 217 Spaulding & Merrick 1
Northwestern Laundry Co 232 Sosnian & Landis Co 82
Northwestern Trust & Savings Souders, W. G., & Co 10
Bank 104 Stall & Dean Mfg. Co 100
Norton Door Check Co 154 Standard Oil Co 18
Old Dutch Cleanser 52 Standard Sash & Door Co.... 138
Old Faithful Laundr.v -'1C Stan wood, Taylor & Co 10
Old Colony Life Insurance Co 110 Stearns Cars 172
Ogren Motor Car Co 110 Sterling Laundry Co 234
Oliver Typewriter Co Back cover Stern-Smith Co., The 115
Olson, A. J., & Co 132 Stewart Agency 46
Orr & Lockett Hardware Co 139 Stewart, James, & Co 107
Osborn, P. H., & Bros 95 Stewart Mfg. Co 124
Overland Hotel 123 Stromberg- Allen & Co 4C
Oxygenerator Co.. The 154 Stromberg Motor Devices Co 70
Paddock, Bond & Co 44 Sturges & Burns Mfg. Co 30
Palmer House 60 Swanson, C. E 201
Paragon Laundry 198 Swinehart Tire Co 215
Paramount Knitting Co 92 Tempco Mfg. Co 193
Park Police 221 Temptation Chocolates 120
Parmlee Transfer Co 160 Terminal Garage 194
Paschen Bros 210 Thomas Elevator Co 204
Pennsylvania Rubber Co 207 Thomas Hardware 194
Peoples Trust and Savings Bank ...130 Tire Co. of America 152
Perfection and Manhattan Laun- Turnquist Bros 136
dry Ill Twichell Gauge Co 228
Perfection Tire & Rubber Co 2 U. S. Ball Bearing Mfg. Co 140
U. S. Blow Pipe and Dust Collecting
Pilsen Sash & Door Co 206 Co Inside front cover
Plaza Auto Livery 230 U. S. Slicing Machine Co 24
Plaza Hotel 18G United States Music Co 84
Pollard Domestic Service 230 Universal Rim Co 13S
Pope, Wm. A 236 Vesta Accumulator Co 166
Portage Rubber Co., The 88 Victor Electric Co 236
Power Special Co 234 Victoria Hall . . . 84
Quick Tire Service 218 Virginia Hotel 70
Randall & Proudfit Co 176 Von Frantzins & Co 213
Randolph Box & Label Co 86 Wadsworth-Howland Co. 156
Rathborne, Hair & Ridgeway Co. ..142 Ware & Leland 40
Rice, John, & Co 236 Warner Hotel 178
Rittenhouse & Embree Co 158 Warren, A. C 232
Riverside Oil Co 133 Washington Boulevard Hospital .... 108
Reliance Elevator Co 1S8 Weeghman, Chas., Co 114
Republic Rubber Co 94 Werner Bros. Storage Co 230
Reedy's Chewing Gum 126 Westberg, R. W 212
Roberts, Geo. W., & Son 74 Westfall, Geo. J 192
Robbins Mfg. Co., The 200 Westfall Storage & Van Co 234
Robinson Furnace Co 64 West Side Trust & Savings Bank... 187
Rockwell-Barnes Co 124 Western Casket & Undertaking Co.. 112
Rollins, E. H., & Sons 40 Westeen, 177
Roos, Henry, Fdy. Co 160 Western Motor Car Co 172
Roth Bros. & Co 119 Western Paper Stock Co 208
Royal Tea Co 234 Western Pump & Engineering- Co.. 202
RuockTieim Bros. & Eckstein 222 Wheeler Elevator Co 122
Russell, Brewster & Co 38 Wheeler & Schebler Carburetor. ... 128
Sasgen Derrick Co 152 White City Electric Co 153
Savage Bros. Co 198 White Co., The 20
Scaar, Fr 219 Whitacre Fireproofing Co., The.... 159
Scholl's, Dr., Foot-Eazer 129 Wieland Ice Cream Co 98
Scott, George W
Schriver Laundry Co
116 Willey, C. L
Wilson- Jones Loose Leaf Co
164
126
Seffren Scrap Iron & Machinery Co. 220 Inside f rou_t cover
Sellstrom & Kilby 188 Winton Motor Car Co., The 66
Sethness Co 42 Wolfertz Deformity Appliance &
Sheridan Garage 230 Truss Mfg. Co., The 134
Spinks, Wm. A., & Co 206 Woman's World Magazine Co 64
Shotwell Mfg. Co 121 Woods Mobilette Co 56
Shoup, A. D., Co 125 Wisconsin Granite Co 166
Shoup. The A. D. Co 125 Wrisley. Allen B 140
Siebel, J. E., Sons Co 181 Wittbold, Florist 155
Simmons Motor Co.., P Wychmere Hotel 150
Inside back cover Zeiler, F. M., & Co 38

Eagle 'Brand
SHOE
POLISHES
We make a Dressing- for every .Shoe

The African Shoe Polish Co.

" The Hark CHICAGO, U. S. A.
Of Quality" This mark on your Polish Bottle or Can assures satisfaction
252 Police History

WHEELER BARTRAM, President

M. WILEY, Vice-Prcsident
PETER S. LYNCH, Treasurer
B GALLAGHER, Recording Secretary
D. SHANNON, Financial Secretary

JOHN P. REED, Attorney

HO S. Dearborn Street

BOARD OF DIRECTORS
First District. Fifth District.

Allen W. Ames, Benjamin Williams,

Charlotte Robinson, Chas. Larsen,
Anna Sheehan, Bessie Palmer,
Frank Daly, Nellie Rice,
Anna Lowrey. Ellen M. Bowen,
Michael Costello.
Second District.

Edmund Drennan, Sixth District.

Catherine Melaniphy,
Alice Findley, Elizabeth French,
Sarah Cassels, Anna Wynne,
Bridget Rocks. Margaret Tighe,
Nellie Fitzgerald,
Third District.
Annie Johnson.
Katherine Leut.
George Bassett, Seventh District.
Catherine Lynch,
Anna Murphy, M. J. Franzen,
Hugh McAuley. Lillian Burt,
Leonard J. Gellen,
Fourth District. Minnie Showalter,
August Blettner, Margaret J. O'Connell.
John P. Reed,
Anna Stokes, Eighth District.
Patrick J. Ward,
B. Flanagan, Nellie Kindlaw,
John Hooley. Lawrence Stanton.

ERRATA
Page 15 The Photograph of Chief of Police Michael Brennan
was confused with that of his brother, officer Brennan, and the latter
was inserted as being the picture of the Chief. The error was not disco-
vered until it was too late to correct, and we desire to take this means
of correction,
 o I H o

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The Grant 6-cyl.,overhead
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A demonstra- nition, Ray field
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The Simmons Motor Co.

Tel. Calumet 2038
1725 Michigan Avenue CHICAGO

Tel. Superior 1964 Auto. 34-379

X

Painting, Finishing
Decorating
702 WELLS STREET CHICAGO

hat in comfort at small cost without the bother of waiting on yourself

PHone WabasH 8300-83O1
LOCATIONS
52 W. Washington St.
106 N. Dearborn St.
318 S. Wabash Ave.
185 W. Randolph St.
18 N. Clark St.
26 B. Adams Street
26 W.Monroe St.
31 S. Dearborn St.
520 Rush Street
4539 Broadway
1321 S. Michigan Ave.
B. J. EFTING, Pre?. J. F. DARLING, Sec'y. COMMISSARY
Wabash Ave.
RESTAURANTS AND LUNCH ROOMS 318 S.
Phone Harrison 8237
Office 28 E. Jackson Boulevard
Wt servi tilt highest grade of food preducts. Home made bakery goods from our own bakeries
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The Standard Visible Writer

The OLIVER Typewriter Co,

Oliver Typewriter Building
159-167 N. Dearborn Street

Telephone ALL DEPT8. Randolph 5OO