3 7 32 Manual For Air Quality Monitoring en PDF

March 2008
Operations Manual for

Air Quality Monitoring
in Ontario
Ministry of the Environment
Operations Division
Technical Support Section
PIBS 6687e
Table of Contents
Overview..................................................................................................................................iv
Scope of the Revised Manual ............................................................................................... v
Key Revisions ......................................................................................................................vi
1. QA/QC Guidelines for Source Emissions Monitoring ................................................... 1
1.1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Monitoring Objectives ................................................................................................ 1
1.3 Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) Objectives.................................... 2
1.4 QA/QC Program ......................................................................................................... 2
1.5 Monitoring Plan .......................................................................................................... 3
1.6 Site Selection .............................................................................................................. 3
1.7 Sampling System Requirements ................................................................................. 4
1.7.1 Shelter Requirements ........................................................................................ 4
1.7.2 Probe Siting Criteria and Manifold Design ...................................................... 4
1.8 Site and Analyzer Operation....................................................................................... 4
1.8.1 Site Visits and Analyzer Operations ................................................................. 5
1.8.2 Data Acquisition ............................................................................................... 5
1.8.3 Preventative Maintenance................................................................................. 5
1.9 Calibration and Reference Standards.......................................................................... 5
1.10 Audit Program............................................................................................................. 6
1.10.1 What to Expect when Audited .......................................................................... 6
1.10.2 Audit Focus and Scope ..................................................................................... 7
Site/Instrument Performance Audit .........................................................................8
Information Management Audit ..............................................................................9
1.11 Laboratory Accreditation/Selection ............................................................................ 9
2. Data Validation and Reporting ..................................................................................... 11
2.1 Data Time Stamps..................................................................................................... 11
2.2 Method Detection Limits .......................................................................................... 11
2.3 Meteorological Data.................................................................................................. 12
2.4 Data Validation/Editing ............................................................................................ 12
2.4.1 Continuous Data.............................................................................................. 13
Data Storage/Backup .............................................................................................14
2.4.2 Non-continuous Data ...................................................................................... 14
2.5 Data Reporting .......................................................................................................... 15
2.5.1 Continuous Data.............................................................................................. 17
Quarterly Data Reporting.......................................................................................17
Quarterly Report ....................................................................................................17
2.5.2 Non-Continuous Data ..................................................................................... 18
Minimum Routine Scans for Non-Continuous Parameters ...................................18
Quarterly Report ....................................................................................................19
2.5.3 Annual Reports ............................................................................................... 19
2.6 Public Reporting of Data .......................................................................................... 20
3. Station and Probe Siting Criteria .................................................................................. 21
3.1 Station Siting Criteria ............................................................................................... 21
3.2 Probe Siting Criteria ................................................................................................. 22
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3.2.1 Sulphur Dioxide/Total Reduced Sulphur (SO2/TRS) ..................................... 22
3.2.2 Nitrogen Oxides (NO2) ................................................................................... 22
3.2.3 Particulate Matter............................................................................................ 23
Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) ........................................................................23
PM10 and PM2.5 (discrete sampler).........................................................................24
PM10 and PM2.5 (continuous monitor)....................................................................24
Dustfall 24
3.2.4 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)................................................... 25
3.2.5 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)............................................................ 25
3.2.6 Dioxins and Furans (PCDD/DF)..................................................................... 25
3.2.7 Fluoridation Rate ............................................................................................ 26
3.2.8 Probe Material................................................................................................. 29
3.2.9 Meteorological Measurements........................................................................ 29
Wind Speed and Direction .....................................................................................29
Air Temperature.....................................................................................................30
Solar radiation........................................................................................................31
4. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) ........................................................................ 33
4.1 Standard Operating Procedure for Editing Continuous Data.................................... 33
4.1.1 Daily Data Check............................................................................................ 34
4.1.2 Data Editing .................................................................................................... 34
4.2 Standard Operating Procedure for Editing Non-Continuous Data ........................... 37
4.2.1 Field Procedures - sample collection and submission to a laboratory ............ 37
4.2.2 Data screening and analysis ............................................................................ 38
4.2.3 Analytical data screening and analysis ........................................................... 38
4.3 Standard Operating Procedures for Air Quality Monitoring .................................... 42
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)........................................................................................................ 42
Total Reduced Sulphur (TRS) ............................................................................................ 44
Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) ..................................................................................... 48
Inhalable Particulate (PM10) Discrete Samplers .............................................................. 50
Beta Attenuation Monitor (BAM) Model 1020 (PM10)...................................................... 52
Beta Attenuation Monitor (BAM) Model 1020 (PM10)...................................................... 52
PQ100 Air Sampler (PM10)................................................................................................. 54
PQ200 Air Sampler (PM10)................................................................................................. 56
BGI Incorporated ................................................................................................................ 56
Tapered Element Oscillating Micro-Balance (TEOM)....................................................... 58
Tapered Element Oscillating Micro-Balance (TEOM)....................................................... 58
Partisol FRM Model 2000 PM-2.5 Air Sampler (PM2.5)................................................. 60
Formerly Rupprecht & Patashnick Co. Inc......................................................................... 60
PQ200 Air Sampler (PM2.5) ................................................................................................ 62
PQ200-VSCC or PQ200A-VSCC Air Sampler (PM2.5) ..................................................... 64
GRIMM Model 107 Ambient Dust Monitor (PM1, PM2.5, TSP10) ..................................... 68
Total Dustfall ...................................................................................................................... 70
Fluoridation Rate ................................................................................................................ 72
Volatile Organic Compounds Absorbent Cartridge (VOCs) ........................................... 74
Volatile Organic Compounds Evacuated Canister (VOCs)............................................. 76
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Filter (PAHs) .......................................................... 78
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Filter & PUF Cartridge (PAHs) ............................. 80
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Dioxins and Furans (PCDD/PCDF).................................................................................... 82
Wind Speed and Direction .................................................................................................. 84
Ambient Temperature ......................................................................................................... 86
Solar Radiation.................................................................................................................... 88
Appendices.............................................................................................................................. 90
Appendix 1: Sample Pollutant Log......................................................................................... 91
Appendix 2: List of Activities to be performed during Station Visits................................... 93
Appendix 3: Guidance for Electronically Submitting Validated Data .................................. 94
Appendix 4: Sample Edit Log Table ..................................................................................... 98
Appendix 5: Wind Speed and Direction Calculations ......................................................... 101
Glossary of Terms................................................................................................................. 106
Acronyms.............................................................................................................................. 108
References............................................................................................................................. 111
List of Tables
Table 1: Units of Measurement Associated with Continuously Monitored Parameters.. 18
Table 2: Units of Measurement Associated with Non-Continuous Samples................... 19
Table 3: Sample Probe Siting Criteria ............................................................................. 27
Table 4: Meteorological Probe Siting Criteria................................................................. 32
Table 5: General Principles for Data Editing - Continuous Data .................................... 35
Table 6: General Principles for Data Validating and Editing -Non-Continuous Data .... 39
Table 7: Station Registration Template ........................................................................... 95
Table 8: Excel Data Submission ...................................................................................... 96
Table 9: CSV Data Submission ....................................................................................... 96
Table 10: Sample of Non-Continuous Data Format for Submission............................... 97
Table 11: Sample Edit Log Table .................................................................................... 99
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Disclaimer: This manual is not, and should not be construed as, legal advice. Please review
applicable laws, including Ontario Regulation 419/05, and, if you have any questions about
the application or interpretation of the legal requirements or have other legal questions, you
should consult a lawyer.
Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario
Overview
This Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario is an update of the 2003
version (Operations Manual for Point Source Air Quality Monitoring) developed by the
Ontario Ministry of the Environment (ministry). The manual was originally developed as the
ministry transferred the responsibility for monitoring the impact of industrial air emissions
on local air quality from the ministry to emitters. This manual is to be used when the need
for air quality monitoring by an emitter has been identified. The ministry continues to
provide oversight of air quality monitoring conducted by emitters by adopting the role of
auditor.
This newly revised Operations Manual, hereafter referred to as the Manual, captures the
lessons learned during the first years of the program. The Manual has also been updated to
recognize monitoring that may be conducted under Ontario Regulation 419/05: Air Pollution
Local Air Quality with respect to current, new or updated air standards and guidelines.
The Manual also introduces standard operating procedures (SOPs) for new air monitoring
and sampling technologies used by emitters.
The purpose of the Manual is to provide technical guidance and direction to emitters and
station operators in Ontario who are responsible for the operation and maintenance of air
quality monitoring stations near an emitters facilities. It provides a framework with the goal
of harmonizing air contaminant monitoring across the province. The intent of the Manual is
to ensure the collection of reliable and accurate air quality data, and to ensure that the data is
collected and reported to the ministry in a timely fashion, as appropriate.
The requirements set out in the Manual are considered to be minimum requirements to
satisfy the ministry that the quality of data being collected from monitoring programs is
acceptable. Emitters and station operators may choose to follow more stringent specifications
or more elaborate procedures. Additionally, the ministry may also require more stringent
criteria. The Manual is based on standards and procedures used by national agencies such as
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and Environment Canada.
The 2003 manual will remain in affect until December 31, 2008. This revised manual will
take affect January 1, 2009. However, emitters are encouraged to follow the revised manual
prior to January 2009, where possible. New monitoring activities will be required to follow
the revised manual immediately. The Manual is considered to be a living document which
will be reviewed and revised periodically to reflect the introduction of new monitoring and
data collection technologies and practices, as well as changing ministry requirements for air
quality monitoring in Ontario.
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Scope of the Revised Manual
The Manual is a compilation of guidance material pertaining to the collection and reporting
of air quality data for both continuously monitored and non-continuously sampled
parameters. The Manual applies to all air quality monitoring activities conducted in Ontario
by emitters that:
are requirements of legal instruments, e.g., control orders, certificates of approval,
memoranda of understanding
are part of modelling/monitoring assessments conducted under section 11(3) of O.
Reg. 419/05
results in monitoring data being submitted to the ministry
generates air quality data which will be presented to health units and/or to the public
of Ontario
The Manual includes the following topics:

Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) Guidance
Requirements for reporting monitoring and sampling results to the ministry
Station and Probe Siting Criteria
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for continuous monitoring and non-
continuous sampling methods
Section 1, QA/QC Guidelines, discusses monitoring and QA/QC objectives, the QA/QC
program, site selection, sampling system requirements, site and analyzer operation,
calibration and reference standards, the ministrys audit program, and laboratory selection
and analytical testing.
Section 2, Data Validation and Reporting, discusses data editing and validation protocols
along with reporting guidance for continuously monitored and non-continuously sampled
parameters.
Section 3, Station and Probe Siting Criteria, provides guidance on the selection of sites to
meet the objectives of the monitoring program. It also provides guidance and requirements
for the proper location, and design and construction of inlet probes for the parameters listed
in the Manual.
Section 4, the SOPs, briefly describe, on a parameter by parameter basis, the USEPA
designated reference methods, equivalent methods and available reference documents from
various agencies, non-designated monitoring methods accepted by the ministry, the
minimum service, operation and maintenance requirements, instrumentation QA/QC
requirements (internal and external performance checks), and audits by the ministry. The
SOPs are not intended to provide a detailed description of monitoring/sampling methods:
Emitters and site operators need to review the method reference documents for detailed
method descriptions.
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Key Revisions
There are a number of revisions in this edition of the Manual. The key revisions include:
Data Acquisition System (DAS):

All references to the Environmental Monitoring Company (EMC) DAS system have been
removed to emphasize that any DAS capable of meeting ministry requirements for the
collection, transmission, reporting and storage of continuous data is acceptable.
Certification/Verification of Calibration Equipment by the Ministry:

The ministrys Laboratory Services Branch (LaSB) can certify annually the gas calibration
devices used by site operators, with traceability to United States National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST) primary standards. The ministry will also verify/check
these devices in the field between certifications. In addition, flow, temperature and
barometric pressure calibration equipment must have their certification traceable back to
NIST (or another equivalent international standards institute) primary standards according to
the frequency recommended by the equipment manufacturer. Since the ministry is not
providing this service, site operators should obtain the necessary certification equipment or
the certification services from a third party capable of providing the equipment or service.
Ministry Audit Program:

The Manual provides a broader description of the ministrys audit program. The Manual
briefly describes what emitters or site operators can expect during an audit, and the focus and
scope of audits.
Laboratory Accreditation and Selection:

Although the ministry recommends the use of accredited or certified laboratories, it will
allow the use of a laboratory which does not have the required accreditation provided the
ministry can review and approve the selection of the laboratory, the proposed analytical
methodologies and QA/QC procedures. The ministry will maintain an updated list of
Ontario analytical laboratories accredited by the Standards Council of Canada or the
Canadian Association for Environmental Analytical Laboratories and will post this list on the
ministry web site.
Data Validation and Reporting:

Additional guidance is provided for data validation and reporting requirements. Time
stamping requirements for continuous and non-continuous data have been clarified.
Guidance is provided on how to deal with the analysis of non-continuous data when values
are less than the analytical method detection limits (MDLs). The requirements for collecting
and reporting real-time data are explained with respect to time resolution, averaging periods
and reporting format. These requirements also take into consideration the exceedence
reporting requirements set out in O. Reg. 419/05.
PM10 is now listed in Ontarios Ambient Air Quality Criteria (AAQC) which can be found
at: http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/en/air/ministry/index.php#reg. There is still a need to report
PM10 data and exceedences of its interim AAQC.
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Meteorological Data:
Meteorological data collected as part of a monitoring program will be reported to the
ministry and meteorological stations will be audited.
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs):

The list of continuous monitors has been expanded. Additions include inhalable (PM10) and
respirable (PM2.5) particulate matter using the Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance
(TEOM), Beta Attenuation Monitor (BAM), MetOne Aerocet 7350, and GRIMM (model
107).
Additions to the list of non-continuous samplers include particulate matter using the R & P
Partisol FRM 2000 sampler (PM2.5) and BGI PQ100 and PQ200 (PM10/2.5); polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using a hi-vol filter with PUF cartridge; and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) using evacuated canisters.
Emitters and station operators who routinely follow the procedures described in the Manual
as closely as possible and adopt good preventative maintenance practices should be able to
produce accurate and timely air quality monitoring data which surpasses the minimum
requirements listed in the Manual.
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1. QA/QC Guidelines for Source Emissions Monitoring
1.1 Introduction
This section provides quality assurance and control (QA/QC) guidance and direction to
emitters in Ontario that are responsible for monitoring air quality near their facilities. To
ensure the data reported to the ministry is of high quality, emitters are required to implement
the QA/QC practices in this Manual: these practices are minimum requirements. Participants
may choose more stringent specifications or more elaborate QA/QC procedures as they deem
appropriate for their purposes.
1.2 Monitoring Objectives

The objectives of air quality monitoring include:
Measuring air contaminant concentrations for use in assessing emissions in relation

to ministry standards and limits (O. Reg. 419/05 standards, point of impingement
(POI) guidelines, ambient air quality criteria (AAQCs), interim guidelines, or any
other limits set out in a regulatory instrument such as an Order or Certificate of
Approval). A summary of O. Reg. 419/05 schedule 1, 2 and 3 standards, schedule 6
upper risk thresholds, POI guidelines and AAQCs is available from the ministry
website:
http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/
Measuring air contaminant concentrations of any contaminant that may cause an

adverse effect.
Ensuring good quality data is collected to assist in the prevention of possible adverse
effects due to air emissions from an industrial facility.
Providing and reporting accurate measured air monitoring data from industrial
sources to the ministry and the Ontario public.
Providing accurate and reliable measured air pollutant concentration and
meteorological data in support of air quality modelling calculations (see ministry
document Procedure for Preparing an Emission Summary and Dispersion Modelling
(ESDM) Report for information on incorporating monitoring data into modelling).
Determining the impact of industrial air emissions on local air quality in an adjacent
community(ies) and in the regional air shed.
Providing accurate and reliable data as part of an integrated air quality management
and/or control system.
Determining air quality improvements and trends in conjunction with industrial air
emissions abatement programs.
Providing data to assess local population and ecosystem exposure to air
contaminants.
The results of ambient air monitoring can be used to identify non-compliance/non-

conformance with the standards in O. Reg. 419/05 and other limits. However, it should be
noted that the ministry will not accept monitoring information alone as a conclusive
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demonstration of compliance/conformance with the standards in O. Reg. 419/05 or other
limits. One rationale for this position is that a monitor can only measure concentrations at a
very specific location and cannot provide information about concentrations at other
locations.
To address such limitations of solely using ambient air monitoring or atmospheric dispersion
modelling, the most accurate assessments of compliance with O. Reg. 419/05 must include
the combination of ambient air monitoring with atmospheric dispersion modelling.
Appendix E (Review of Approaches for the Combined Analysis of Modelled and Monitored
Results) of the ministrys Procedure for Preparing an Emission Summary and Dispersion
Modelling (ESDM) Report, provides guidance on the coordinated use of modelling and
monitoring to assess compliance with O. Reg. 419/05. Any ambient air monitoring plan for
combined monitoring and modelling assessment submitted by emitters as part of
O.Reg.419/05 must be a reviewed and approved plan under Section 11(1) paragraph 3 of
O.Reg.419/05. Plans are subject to certain requirements, for example, meeting siting criteria,
potentially subject to ministry audits, etc.
1.3 Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) Objectives

The QA/QC guidelines within this manual provide uniform data quality objectives to be
achieved by emitters along with minimum requirements with respect to operational
protocols. The implementation of these guidelines will ensure that air quality monitoring
data across the province is:
accurate and reliable
representative (spatially and temporally)
comparable
complete
1.4 QA/QC Program

The Environment Canada report entitled National Air Pollution Surveillance Network
Quality Assurance and Quality Control Guidelines1 documents the components of an air
quality monitoring QA/QC program, which includes the following:
site selection (spatial scale of representativeness, location, separation distances)
sampling system requirements (shelter requirements, probe/analyzer siting criteria,
manifold design, probe material)
site and analyzer operation (site visits, operating procedures, data acquisition and
preventative maintenance)
calibration (frequency, procedures, guidelines)
instrumentation performance audits, laboratory accreditation/selection and testing
data validation and reporting
documentation (site documentation, site activities logbook, analyzer operation and
maintenance manuals, QA/QC manual)
personnel training

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1.5 Monitoring Plan
Prior to initiating ambient air quality monitoring activities, the emitter must submit a
monitoring plan to the ministry for approval. For example, plans must be submitted for (i)
monitoring activities undertaken either voluntarily or as required in legal instruments such as
Notices, Orders or Certificates of Approval and (ii) combined monitoring and modelling
assessments submitted to the ministry as part of O.Reg.419/05, as per section 11 (1) 3. It is
recommended that the emitter consult with their regional ministry office early in the
planning stages. The purpose of the ministry review of the monitoring plan is to ensure the
data collected and submitted to the ministry is accurate and reliable in terms of assessing
compliance and/or the potential for adverse effects. Monitoring plans will be reviewed and
approved in writing by the ministry following a consultative process with the emitter.
The monitoring plan, as a minimum, must include the following:

purpose or objectives of the monitoring program
expected duration of the monitoring program
identified and suspected air emission source(s)
identified and suspected receptors
number and location of monitoring sites (including meteorological sites)
air quality parameters to be monitored and the monitoring frequency
monitoring methods/instruments to be used
analytical methods/procedures
laboratory services support to be used
dispersion model to be used (if applicable)
QA/QC plan
data reporting procedures
Once the network has been established any changes to the monitoring plan such as new
instruments, new monitoring locations, etc., must be submitted in writing for approval to the
Air, Pesticides and Environmental Planning Supervisor at the ministry regional office in the
region of the emitters facility.
1.6 Site Selection

Site selection must consider the location of identified or suspected sensitive receptors and the
locations where the highest concentrations of air contaminants are anticipated based on
meteorological and modelling information. The proponent should consult with the ministry
early in the site selection process. All monitoring sites must be located in accordance with
ministry siting criteria (see Section 3.0) and the locations must be approved in writing by the
ministry as part of the monitoring plan. Taking practical circumstances and limitations into
consideration, the criteria need to be met as closely as possible. The location of sites may be
reviewed or audited from time to time by ministry staff to ensure that the monitoring
objectives and siting criteria are, and will continue to be met in the foreseeable future.
Monitoring sites may only be relocated with approval from the ministry.

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1.7 Sampling System Requirements
The integrity and true representation of the air sample and the resulting data quality is
strongly affected by the design of the sampling system in a monitoring station. The
following all play an important role in ensuring the collection of representative samples of
air: temperature stability of the shelter, the location of the sampling probe(s), the manifold
or sample inlet line system, the length of the probe, probe construction material and the
filters/fittings.
1.7.1 Shelter Requirements
Continuous analyzers must be housed inside secured buildings or shelters with restricted
and/or controlled public access. It is recommended that the analyzers be housed in their own
dedicated shelter for better control over concerns such as security, temperature stability, dust
levels, health and safety, and after hours or weekend access. The shelter must be ventilated,
heated and cooled to maintain an inside temperature in the range of 15C and 30C
throughout the year to meet the specifications of the housed instrumentation. It should have
good lighting, and must have an adequate electrical power supply. The shelter must also
provide adequate space and electrical power supply to allow ministry personnel to operate
audit equipment. Communications service should be available for data transmission
telemetry. It is recommended that an appropriate fire extinguisher and a first aid kit be
furnished for emergency situations. Consideration should be given to the use of an intrusion
alarm and/or a chain link fence around the shelter and adequate exterior lighting to secure the
facility and protect it against vandalism. The shelter location requirements, with respect to
surrounding obstructions, are summarized in the Station and Probe Siting Criteria section
(Section 3.0).
1.7.2 Probe Siting Criteria and Manifold Design
Air sample inlet probe construction materials along with the design of the inlet manifold are
important in obtaining representative air samples and conserving the integrity of the
contaminant concentrations. The design of the inlet manifold should minimize the effects of
moisture condensation, pressure drop, dust settlement and air sample residence time in the
inlet. To achieve this goal, the inlet manifold design must adhere to the requirements
outlined in Appendix II of the Environment Canada QA/QC guidance document1. Regular
inspections of the inlet line and manifold are required to ensure that they are kept clean and
have no air leaks.
1.8 Site and Analyzer Operation

The operation of the monitoring stations, analyzers and samplers must include site visits by
the operating party, regularly scheduled zero and span verification, manual calibrations,
sample filter changes (e.g., discrete particulate samplers), preventative maintenance and
documentation.

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1.8.1 Site Visits and Analyzer Operations
The frequency of site visits will depend on system and instrument reliability, recommended
manufacturer service and maintenance requirements, and past experience with site
operations. A schedule of routine bi-weekly visits is recommended. More frequent visits are
suggested, for example, to check instrument calibration as soon as possible after a pollution
episode, or if there is any doubt about station and analyzer operations. This will require
judgment on the part of the operator. Each operation and maintenance site visit by the
operator must be documented in the site logbook or an electronic logbook. A sample
pollutant log for SO2 is shown in Appendix 1). The operator should also follow a checklist
of activities to ensure proper operating conditions before leaving the site. The Environment
Canada QA/QC guidance document1 provides a checklist for consideration by site operators
(see Appendix 2).
The ministry SOPs for continuous analyzers (SO2, TRS and NOx) require, as a minimum, a
monthly external performance check and calibration using a certified calibration unit.
Quarterly external performance checks are required for the TEOM and the BAM as well as
for the non-continuous particulate samplers.
The operator must be trained and have experience in the operation of each continuous
analyzer and non-continuous sampler used, and closely follow the procedures in the
manufacturers operating manual and the ministry SOPs listed in Section 4.0.
1.8.2 Data Acquisition
For continuous monitoring of air contaminants and meteorological parameters, a real-time

data acquisition system (DAS) to collect, display and report the data is required. DASs have
a wide range of capabilities (e.g., telephone, wireless, radio link, satellite communications,
editing and reporting software, etc.) and emitters/site operators should select systems that
suit their needs and also meet the requirements specified by the ministry.
1.8.3 Preventative Maintenance
Preventative maintenance routines specified in the manufacturers operation and

maintenance manuals of the analyzer or sampler should be followed as closely as possible.
Operators may wish to follow more stringent procedures.
1.9 Calibration and Reference Standards

In combination with automatic zero and span checks, calibrations are used to establish the
validity of the data. Calibration procedures set out in analyzer and sampler operation
manuals should be followed; they are considered to be part of this QA/QC guide. Ministry
SOPs (Section 4.0) describe automatic zero and span checks, internal and external
instrumentation performance checks, and calibration check requirements with respect to
frequency, duration, documentation and any required corrective actions. These are
operational requirements that must be followed. Site operators should also refer to Appendix
III and IV of the Environment Canada QA/QC guidance document1 for additional
information on calibration procedures.

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There are many models and makes of dilution calibrators designed for dynamic calibration of
ambient air analyzers. Gas cylinders, permeation devices or a combination of both can be
used as calibration source materials. The operator must be properly trained and have
experience in the operation and maintenance of the calibrator. Federal and Provincial Health
and Safety legislation must be followed with respect to operator training and the proper
handling and shipping of calibration materials.
Ministry SOPs state that operators must perform an external performance check and
calibration on continuous and non-continuous air monitoring and sampling equipment with a
certified calibration unit. This requires that the calibration materials/gases and measurement
devices, such as flow meters and pressure gauges, must be certified for accuracy against a
reference or transfer standard traceable to a primary reference standard of the United States
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) or another equivalent international
standards institute. This is to ensure consistency across the province and reproducibility.
The responsibility for ensuring that calibration materials and measurement devices have
the required certification rests with the emitter.
At least once per year, formal certification of Environnement S.A VE3Ms (ESAs) or other
gas calibration devices by the ministrys Laboratory Services Branch (LaSB) or an alternate
calibration device certification authority is required. Please note that there may be a cost
recovery fee associated with this service if provided by the ministry. The ministry will also
verify/check, at least once per year in the field, the ESAs or other gas calibration devices
used by site operators and/or confirm that the annual certification has been performed. This
verification is not intended to substitute for the formal certification but is to ensure on-going
acceptable performance of the calibration equipment used by site operators between annual
certifications.
Flow, temperature and barometric pressure calibration equipment must have the certification
traceable back to NIST (or another equivalent international standards institute) standards
according to the frequency recommended by the manufacturer. This can be accomplished by
obtaining the necessary equipment or certification services from a third party capable of
providing the equipment or service.
1.10 Audit Program

Ministry staff will regularly audit industrial monitoring activities and procedures. Authority
for these audits can be found under Section 156 of the Environmental Protection Act (EPA).
The audit program will determine the effectiveness of quality control activities used by
station operators and data management staff. Ministry staff aim to ensure province-wide
consistency by conducting audits.
1.10.1 What to Expect when Audited
Ministry auditors will notify the emitters management representative or the air quality
station operator approximately one week in advance of conducting an announced audit.
Prior to the first audit ever, ministry staff will arrange a meeting with emitter management

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and the station operator to provide the scope of the audit, the obligations of the auditor and
auditee, and a list of the documents the auditor will need to review while on-site.
A station operator or an emitters management representative must accompany ministry audit
staff to access the sites and witness the audit. During the on-site audit, the auditors will
introduce themselves on arrival; and if required provide information on the reason(s) for the
audit, the statutory authority (the law) governing the audit (EPA Section 156) and the scope
of the audit. Ministry audit staff are also able to address concerns brought forward and
should provide clear, detailed explanations of ministry requirements when necessary. They
will address issues in a courteous, respectful manner and will treat emitters management
representatives and site operators with fairness and consistency. They will also provide a
contact number should further information or feedback be required. Site operators and
emitters management representatives are encouraged to ask any questions they may have
about the audit process or ministry guidelines and requirements.
While on-site, and after the audit is completed, the preliminary results will be reviewed with
the site operator or emitters management representative who will be asked to sign the audit
results worksheet(s) as having witnessed the audit. If the ministry audit criteria are met,
based on instrumentation performance checks such as air sampling flow rates and responses
to test gas concentrations, etc., the audit results will be provided in writing by the auditor to
the emitters management representative and the site operator via a formal audit report. If
the audit criteria are not met, the auditor will provide the site operator with the option of
immediately resetting the instrument within acceptable tolerances. At that time, the auditor
will advise the site operator or the emitters management representative of corrective actions
that may be required. A report of the results and of any corrective actions required will be
sent to the emitter as part of the audit report. Depending on the circumstances and follow-up
actions, the ministry may re-audit an instrument that did not meet the audit criteria.
After the audit, the auditor may contact the site operator or emitters management
representative prior to finalizing audit reports to clarify information or to discuss details of
the results.
Periodically, short-notice audits may be conducted. In this case, the site operator or emitters
management representative will be given minimal but reasonable notice.
1.10.2 Audit Focus and Scope
The main focus of the audit program is to ensure that air quality measurements recorded by
emitters are collected, managed and reported to the ministry in a manner that ensures the
integrity of the collected and reported data. Air quality monitoring comprises a number of
activities, processes, procedures and data management practices. These include the locating
of air monitoring stations following established siting criteria; the proper installation,
operation and maintenance of analyzers and samplers; sample analysis in a laboratory; data
management and reporting; and information management.
In situations where an emitter has hired a third party to operate and maintain air quality
monitoring stations, and to report monitoring data to the ministry, the ministry considers the
emitter to be responsible for the station. Audit reports will be sent to the emitter. Third

March 2008
party operators will be sent a copy.
The scope of the ministry audit program is to determine the overall performance of
monitoring activities performed by the emitters and conformance to generally accepted
QA/QC requirements for air quality monitoring and data reporting. This is best
accomplished through a Systems Audit, that is, a comprehensive audit that incorporates all
activities, processes, procedures and practices related to the collection and reporting of air
quality data by emitters. The Systems Audit has essentially three components: a Site
Audit, Instrument Performance Audit and an Information Management Audit.
Site/Instrument Performance Audit

Site audits include, but are not restricted to:
how well sites conform to siting criteria
site maintenance
Instrument performance audits include, but are not restricted to:

proper installation of instruments and sampling devices
overall condition of instruments and sampling devices and performance of required
maintenance
assessment of the complete sampling system
instrument performance checks
sample handling, storage and shipping
collocated monitoring by the ministry (if deemed necessary)
A site audit will periodically be performed in conjunction with an instrument performance

audit. The instrument performance audits are conducted with certified audit devices (e.g.,
portable gas calibrators, flow meters, temperature and barometric pressure sensors, gas
cylinders) traceable to a NIST (or another equivalent international standards institute)
standard.
As described in the SOPs (section 4.0), instrument performance audits will be performed by
ministry staff at least quarterly for continuous analyzers, at least semi-annually for non-
continuous samplers and every one to two years for meteorological sensors. The frequency
of audits will also depend on performance. Additional audits by the ministry or a calibration
check of the analyzer(s) by the site operator after a measured pollution incident may also be
required.
For the purposes of the audit, and hence data quality acceptability, the ministry will use a
conformance/non-conformance limit of 10% of the test gas value or of the sampler air flow
rate. Non-conformance with this criterion will require that the emitter, in consultation with
the ministry, take corrective actions and advise the ministry in writing of any actions taken.
Corrective actions may include data editing to correct historical data. In cases where criteria
are not met, a follow-up audit by ministry staff may be required to ensure that appropriate
corrective actions have been taken in a timely manner. For continuously monitored
parameters (such as SO2 or TRS) acquired with a telemetry system, an audit starting from the
analyzer through to the emitters central computer will be undertaken periodically to ensure

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that the data recorded by the analyzer is correctly transmitted to and stored in the operator's
data acquisition system. Finally, the ministry's LaSB may also participate in these audit
activities with respect to the selection, use and performance of private laboratories.
Information Management Audit

Information management audits apply to all aspects of information collection, handling,
storage and retrieval, this includes but is not limited to: record keeping (instrument operation
and maintenance logs, sample submission chain of custody forms, data validation/editing,
site activity logs, etc.); continuous data computer storage and back-up procedures; DAS time
verification procedures; data editing/reporting protocols (reporting of method detection
limits, required statistical analyses) and required formats; laboratory reports, etc. The
ministry will incorporate information management audits. These will be done annually.
1.11 Laboratory Accreditation/Selection

For environmental samples which require laboratory analyses, such as particulate matter and
its constituents (e.g., trace metals, PAHs, PCDD/DF, etc.) and VOCs, the ministry strongly
recommends that all environmental laboratory services work be performed by laboratories
whose analytical methods, as required by the monitoring program, are accredited to the
international standard2. The ministry will allow the use of a laboratory which does not have
the required accreditation provided the ministry can review and approve the selection of the
laboratory, the proposed analytical methodologies and the QA/QC procedures. The ministry
will provide advice and guidance in assisting the emitter in selecting an environmental
analytical laboratory for required analytical services.
Accordingly, the ministrys LaSB has prepared a document entitled Selecting an

Environmental Analytical Laboratory 3 which provides guidance on the process of selecting
an accredited contract laboratory and covers topics such as drafting a request for proposal
(RFP), assessing laboratory performance, data quality, and setting up a contract. To obtain a
copy of the document, please submit your written request to: Laboratory Services Branch,
125 Resources Road, Etobicoke Ontario M9P 3V6, care of the Assistant Director.
The ministry will maintain an updated list of Ontario analytical laboratories accredited by the
Standards Council of Canada (SCC) or the Canadian Association for Environmental
Analytical Laboratories (CAEAL) to perform specific air analyses and will post this list on
the ministrys web site at http://www.ene.gov.on.ca. This list has been derived from
accreditation scopes posted on both the SCC and CAEAL web sites and is scheduled to be
updated quarterly; however, this may not ensure its accuracy or completeness. Errors or
omissions should be reported in writing to the ministrys Laboratory Services Branch, 125
Resources Road, Etobicoke, Ontario, M6P 3V6 care of the Assistant Director. Accredited
laboratories operating outside of Ontario may request to be included on the list by writing to
the same address.
The analytical methods accepted by the ministry's LaSB are referenced in the relevant SOPs
presented in Section 4.0. Copies of these method descriptions are available from the
ministrys LaSB, Customer Services at (416) 235-6311. Alternatively, requests can be e-
mailed (LaboratoryServicesBranch@Ontario.ca) and a PDF copy of the method will be

March 2008
provided within one business day: please provide your full contact details including address
and telephone number.
Questions regarding these methods or the list of accredited or certified laboratories can also
be directed in writing to the address above.
It is important to note that the ministry requires analytical method detection limits (MDL) for
laboratory analyzed samples to be at least a factor of ten lower than the applicable O. Reg.
419/05schedule 1, 2 and 3 standards, POI guidelines and AAQCs. Information on MDLs
and how they are to be used in reporting data is provided in section 2.2. MDLs do not apply
to continuous monitoring instrumentation.

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2. Data Validation and Reporting
2.1 Data Time Stamps

All continuous and non-continuous data in the province are to be collected and reported in
standard time throughout the year. In most of the province Eastern Standard Time (EST) is
to be used, however, in north-western Ontario (parts west of longitude 90 west), Central
Standard Time (CST) is to be used. For continuous data, this applies not only to the raw
real-time data but also to the means calculated from this data. The ministry recommends that
computer clocks used with real-time data acquisition systems be checked at least monthly
against a reliable time standard such as the computer systems server clock. The 24:00 hour
system is to be used: the first hour of the day is to be shown as 0:00 hr, such that a 24-hour
monitoring period is from 0:00 to 23:00 hrs. An hour is defined as the 'hour beginning', for
example, the hourly mean for 14:00 hours is computed from readings collected from 14:00 to
14:59 hours.
2.2 Method Detection Limits

The ministry SOP entitled LaSBSOP.026, Revision 3.0 August 15, 20064 describes the
determination of the limit of measurement (w), the limit of reliability (T) and the method
detection limit (MDL). These limits apply to all quantitative analytical measurements
employed by LaSB.
The MDL will be the limit used to qualify data in order to ensure that a simplified and
standardized approach is used across the province in dealing with measurements that are
reported as being below the limit of the sampling and analytical methods employed. A copy
of the SOP is available from the ministrys LaSB, Customer Services at (416) 235-6311.
The SOP defines the MDL as the smallest measurable amount, where the risk of a false
positive is 1%, or conversely the confidence level is 99%. For a more thorough discussion of
MDL, please see the ministry publication entitled Estimation of Analytical Detection Limits5
available from the ministrys LaSB, Customer Services at (416) 235-6311. The laboratory
whose analytical services will be used for any air quality monitoring program should review
these documents, and contact the ministrys LaSB, Customer Services at (416) 235-6311
with any questions regarding the MDLs to be reported.
As previously stated, the ministry requires an MDL which is at least a factor of ten (one
order of magnitude) lower than the applicable O. Reg. 419/05 schedule 1, 2 and 3 standards,
POI guidelines and AAQCs. Site operators or emitters environmental representatives
should contact their ministry regional office at the program planning stage if it is suspected
that the analytical method(s) contemplated for the proposed air monitoring program may not
be able to meet this requirement.
The analytical lab needs to provide the MDL for each substance analyzed in the final
engineering units reported to the ministry (e.g., g/m3). In addition, the lab will report a
result with a value lower than the MDL as < 0.00x for an MDL of 0.00x.

March 2008
For the purpose of performing statistical analyses (e.g., means, etc.) and in keeping with a
commonly accepted practice, a value of half the MDL must be substituted for concentrations
less than the MDL. These values will be counted as non-detects. The percentage of the data
with values above the MDL should also be reported.
The goal of this approach is to provide a level of consistency for emitters reporting non-
continuous data to the ministry. For data generated by continuous monitors, the analyzers
have MDLs typically much lower than the applicable limits. In this instance, data
acquisition systems report values less than MDLs as zeros. It is common practice to report
these as zeroes in the database and to treat these as zeroes in calculating short and longer
term means.
In the event that stated MDLs are comparable to or greater than applicable standards,
especially for substances whose standards are based on human health impacts or substances
with upper risk thresholds (see schedule 6 of O. Reg. 419/05), a more refined statistical
approach may be required to deal with MDLs if the data are to be used to estimate risks.
This would occur when there is a need for risk assessors to impute a series of values that
represent concentrations below the stated MDL, and when the non-detects comprise a
significant portion of the data set. This is to be handled on a case-by-case basis in
consultation with ministry experts.
2.3 Meteorological Data

The submission of meteorological data to the ministry as part of air quality monitoring
activities does not constitute approval of the data for regulatory purposes. If there is any
intention to use meteorological data for modelling under O. Reg. 419/05, the meteorological
instrumentation must meet the requirements of O. Reg. 419/05 and be included in the audit
program. Approval for the use of site specific meteorological data for modelling must be
obtained from the ministry as per the requirements of O. Reg. 419/05. The approval form is
available at: http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/envision/gp/5350e.pdf. Notwithstanding the
regulatory use of meteorological data, all meteorological instrumentation generating data as
part of air quality monitoring will be subject to audit.
The standard equations for calculating wind speed and direction values are shown in
Appendix 5.
2.4 Data Validation/Editing

A data validation process to filter out erroneous data is critical to maximize data integrity.
Validation can be done using automated or manual procedures. Regardless of the process
followed, judgment to accept or reject suspicious or unusual data is required. Many factors
need to be considered in this process, which requires regular inspection of all data by
experienced staff that have an understanding of local pollutant and climatic conditions as
well as knowledge of air pollution principles and analyzer behavior.
Emitters will be responsible for ensuring that the data editor follows the recommended data
editing and validation protocols outlined in Section 4.1 for continuous data and in Section
4.2 for non-continuous data. These are minimum requirements. Staff responsible for data

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editing and validation can also refer to, and use, protocols established by other agencies (e.g.,
Environment Canada, USEPA), as long as the requirements outlined in Sections 4.1 and 4.2
are met.
2.4.1 Continuous Data
As per the guidance in Section 2.5, raw and edited continuous data must be submitted
electronically to the ministry on a quarterly basis. The data is to be submitted in a resolution
of half-hour means. The ministrys regional office may request alternate data resolutions.
The resolution required to be submitted is subject to change if the averaging period for the
limits change. The emitter is advised to contact their regional ministry office to confirm the
data resolution required as well as associated reporting requirements.
Automated data acquisition systems (DASs) used by emitters or site operators must meet the
requirements for acceptable data editing and validation.
The following general rules apply to editing continuous data:
Editing of continuous data, as stated above, will be done on half-hour resolution

data. The ministry may periodically request the editing and submission of data
collected at a resolution of 5 minutes, for example in the case of an exceedence or a
spill. Data collected with resolution times shorter than 5 minutes (e.g., 1 minute
means) are to be left as is, as a permanent record.
For ministry submissions, a minimum of 75% of the readings within an averaging
period must be valid for the means to be considered valid. For example, a valid 1-
minute mean requires at least 45 1-second readings, a valid 5 minute mean requires
at least 4 1-minute means and a valid 1 hour mean requires at least 45 1-minute
means. This qualification must be applied for the determination of % valid data
collected.
For the purpose of calculating a valid annual mean, at least 75% of the half-hour or
hourly means must be valid, that is, 6570 valid hours out of a total of 8760 hours,
are required. A valid monthly mean requires at least 23 valid daily means. A valid
24-hr mean requires at least 18 valid hours out of 24 hours. Additionally, for a good
representation of quarterly or seasonal means at least 75% of the data in each
quarter or season must be valid.
The tolerance limits for editing of hourly data are 10% of the calibration standard.
Data should be edited within 30 days of the end of the month in which it was
collected.
Zero drifts, beyond 5 ppb for SO2 and NOx and 2 ppb for TRS, require an off-set
adjustment.
All edits of continuous data must be reported to the ministry in an edit log table such as the
example shown in Appendix 4 (Table 11).

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Data Storage/Backup
The ministry requires that all continuous data for the current and previous calendar year be
stored in the data acquisition central computer. Older data should be archived in an
acceptable format, in a reliable electronic medium, and must be stored by the emitter for a
period of at least 7 years after its collection. It is recommended that the continuous data be
backed up at least weekly.
2.4.2 Non-continuous Data
The SOPs outlined in section 4.2 are based on those currently used by the ministry and are
considered to be minimum requirements. Additional guidance is also provided in field
method documents referenced in the SOPs and in the ministrys Laboratory
Methods/Procedures documents. The use of other sample and data validation procedures is
acceptable as long as the requirements for acceptable data editing and validation are met.
For air quality monitoring purposes, non-continuous data is usually obtained from the
collection of monthly (30 days) samples (e.g., dustfall, fluoridation candles) and daily (24-
hour) samples (e.g., TSP, PM10, VOCs, PAHs, etc.). The daily samples are normally
collected from midnight to midnight (EST and CST depending on the applicable
geographical time zone), and the sampling schedule for TSP and PM10 follows the standard
North American every 6th day schedule. A different schedule (every 3rd day) is sometimes
used or required to collect more samples in a given year. The sampling frequency for PAHs,
VOCs, and dioxins/furans typically occurs every 12th day on the North American schedule.
These sampling schedules, or other schedules possibly required for special studies or
assessments, need to be reviewed by the ministry for concurrence.
The following general rules apply to editing non-continuous data:
A monthly sample is considered to be valid if the exposure period is within +/- 5

days of the 30 day period (calendar month); it is also desirable to have the 'on' and
'off' dates as close as possible to the start and end of a calendar month in order to
minimize uncertainty in the determination of the exposure month.
The tolerance limit for editing daily parameters is 10% of the air flow calibration
standard.
A daily sample is considered to be valid if the sampling period is within 10% of
the required 24 hours, that is, from 21.6 to 26.4 hours. Additionally, for TSP and
PM10 hi-vol samples, the air volume sampled over this time period must be within
10% of the required theoretical total air volume of 1631 m3, that is, from 1468 m3
to 1794 m3. For PM2.5 samples collected with a discrete sampler operating with a
flow rate of 16.7 liters per minute, the air volume sampled over a 24 hour period
must also be within 10% of the required theoretical total air volume of 24 m3, that
is, from 21.6 to 26.4 m3.
A valid annual arithmetic or geometric mean requires at least 75% of the total
number of possible samples under the relevant sampling frequency to be valid.
Hence, for monthly sampling, at least nine (9) months of valid data are required,

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whereas for daily sampling the following number of valid 24-hour sample results
are required:
Sampling schedule Number of valid

samples required
Every 3rd day 90
Every 6th day 45
Every 12th day 23
For calculating quarterly or seasonal means, at least 75% of valid data for each
quarter or season of the year must be available.
All edits of non-continuous data must be reported to the ministry in an edit log table such as
the example shown in Appendix 4.
2.5 Data Reporting

This section discusses the various reporting requirements. The requirements apply to all
long-term (multi-year) monitoring and sampling. Reporting requirements and accessibility
of real-time data may vary for shorter term monitoring and sampling depending on the
purpose: This would be identified during the development of the monitoring plan.
Continuous data is to be made available to the ministry in real-time. Additionally, data
(continuous and non-continuous) along with associated reports, are to be submitted to the
ministry on a quarterly and/or annual basis as described below. Submitted monitoring data
will be uploaded into a ministry database.
For continuous and non-continuous data, the emitters shall notify the ministry, as soon as
practicable, of measured exceedences of the limits specified in O. Reg. 419/05, and forthwith
(or as required) of measured exceedences of limits in ministry Certificates of Approval,
Orders or of other statutory or regulatory limits. Section 28 of O. Reg. 419/05 contains
requirements to notify a provincial officer in writing as a result of modelled or measured
exceedences of the standards in the Regulation or of discharges that may cause an adverse
effect.
Some contaminants are not listed in Schedules 1, 2 and 3 of the Regulation, but are instead
listed as a half-hour point of impingement (POI) guidelines in the document entitled
Summary of Standards and Guidelines to support Ontario Regulation 419: Air Pollution. As
well, contaminants may be listed in the document entitled Ontarios Ambient Air Quality
Criteria. Exceedence of a POI guideline or of an AAQC may cause adverse effects and as
such would trigger the requirement to notify a provincial officer. As such, standard,
guideline and AAQC limits have been included in the Notification of Exceedence Form
(5354e) which can be found on the ministry internet site:
http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/en/air/ministry/index.php
It is an offence to have a monitored or modelled exceedence over any applicable averaging

period. For example, for a contaminant with a half-hour averaging period, it would be an
offence to have an exceedence over any half-hour period during the day. Similarly, for a

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contaminant with a 24-hr averaging period, it would be an offence to have an exceedence
over any 24-hr period; in other words, not just over a calendar day. For the purposes of
comparing monitoring data to O. Reg. 419/05 standards, POI guidelines, AAQCs, and
Certificate of Approval and Order limits, or for any other contaminant that may cause an
adverse effect, the ministry takes the following approach:
1) If a facility is monitoring a pollutant using continuous instrumentation:
- For a contaminant that has an averaging period of 1-hour or less, 5-minute
means should be used to calculate the concentration for the averaging period.
For example, the concentration of a contaminant over a half-hour averaging
period is calculated by taking the arithmetic mean of any 6 consecutive 5-
minute means.
- For contaminants that have averaging periods greater than 1 hour, hourly
means should be used to calculate the concentration for the averaging period.
For example, the concentration of a contaminant with a 24-hour averaging
period is defined as the arithmetic mean of any 24 consecutive one-hour
means.
2) When reporting the number of exceedences, there may multiple consecutive

rolling means that exceed a limit. If the consecutive averages occur within a
single clock-based averaging period, they are to be reported as a single
exceedence. If they are spread across two clock-based averaging periods, they
are to be reported as two exceedences, etc.
a. Example 1: Consecutive half-hour rolling means are noted to exceed at
2:051, 2:10 and 2:15. This would be 3-rolling half-hour means that
exceed a standard, but they all fall within a single clock-based half-hour
period (i.e., 2:00 to 2:30) and are therefore considered to be one
exceedence.
b. Example 2: Consecutive half-hour rolling means are noted to exceed at
2:05 through to 3:15. This would be 15-rolling half-hour means that
exceed, but they fall across 2.5 clock-based half-hour periods (i.e., 2:00
to 2:30, 2:30 to 3:00 and 3:00 to 3:30). Therefore three exceedences
must be reported.
With respect to Upper Risk Thresholds (URTs), section 30 (3) of O. Reg. 419/05 requires
that a person notify the ministry immediately in writing if there is reason to believe, based on
any relevant information (e.g., unrefined modelling, refined modelling, monitoring etc.), that
discharges of a contaminant may result in the concentration of the contaminant exceeding an
upper risk threshold listed in Schedule 6.
Ministry standards, AAQCs and POIs can be found in the documents entitled Summary of
Standards and Guidelines to support Ontario Regulation 419: Air Pollution and Ontarios
Ambient Air Quality Criteria, as amended from time to time. These documents can be found
at the following ministry website:
http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/en/air/ministry/index.php
1 Recall from section 2.1 that time beginning is used so that a concentration noted at 2:05 is the average
concentration of the period from 2:05 to 2:35

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2.5.1 Continuous Data
Continuous data will be made available to the ministry in real-time by the emitters in an
acceptable manner. With the reliability of current technology and the implementation of a
strong preventative maintenance program, automated continuous air quality monitoring
systems can achieve a high level of valid data collection. Based on many years of ministry
experience with the operation of such systems, a minimum target of 90% valid data
collection per quarter per parameter (i.e., at least 1966 hours of valid data out of a total
maximum of 2184 hours) can be routinely attained. Emitters and site operators should try to
better this objective and meet a desirable target of 95% valid data (at least 2075 hours of
valid data out of a total maximum of 2184 hours).
Notwithstanding the minimum 90% valid data performance measure, emitters shall notify, as
soon as practical, the ministry of any system or equipment failures resulting in missing data
of 24-hours or more in length and of the plans and schedule for repairing the failed system or
equipment. This is to be followed by a notification to the ministry when the problems have
been resolved and the annual report should detail the events and remedial actions taken.
Quarterly Data Reporting

Raw and validated (edited) data are to be submitted (electronically) quarterly to the ministry
in time series Excel or comma separated values (CSV) format as per the guidance in
Appendix 3. Prior to the initial submission of data, the ministry must be contacted to
initialize the emitter station in the database and to confirm the acceptability of the data
format (Appendix 3). The data must be submitted in a 0.5-hr resolution unless another
resolution has been agreed upon with the regional ministry office.
The data must be submitted within 45 days of the end of each quarter, based on the calendar
year, that is, first quarter by May 15th, second quarter by August 14th, third quarter by
November 14th and fourth quarter by February 14th. Edits made to the original data must be
summarized in an edit log table, as per the example in Appendix 4, and submitted with the
edited data.
The units of measurement for various continuously monitored contaminants are listed in
Table 1.
Quarterly Report
A quarterly summary report must be submitted along with the data. Do not include a hard
copy of the data with the report. The report shall include the following statistics for each
measured pollutant parameter:
Period Arithmetic Mean
Monthly Arithmetic Mean
Maximum for any averaging period used for comparison to statutory or regulatory
limits
Maximum 24-hour
% valid hours

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Table 1: Units of Measurement Associated with Continuously Monitored Parameters
Continuously monitored parameter Units of measurement
SO2, TRS parts per billion by volume ppbv
NOx/NO/NO2 parts per billion by volume ppbv
Particulate matter (TSP, PM10 and micrograms/cubic metre g/m3
PM2.5)
Wind speed2 Kilometer per hour km/hr
1,2
Wind direction Degrees clockwise from north
Temperature Degrees Celsius C
1
to be taken as the direction it is blowing from, expressed as degrees clockwise from north (i.e., north is 0/
360, east is 90, etc
2
to be computed using the equations listed in Appendix 5
Additionally, the report shall include the number times that the emitter exceeded a standard
in O.Reg. 419/05, a guideline, an AAQC, a limit in Certificates of Approval or Orders, or
any other legal limit which applies to the emitters facility. The emitter must report all
exceedences for each applicable averaging period. This would include, but is not limited to:
No. half-hour periods > O. Reg. 419/05 half-hour standards or half-hour POI
guidelines
No. 10-minute periods > O. Reg. 419/05 10-min standards
No. hours > O. Reg. 419/05 hour standards
No. 24-hour periods > O. Reg. 419/05 24-hour standards
No. hours > 1-hour AAQCs
No. 24-hour periods > 24-hour AAQCs
No. hours > 1-hour thresholds *
*Some regions require notification when concentrations are greater than a threshold. Please contact your
regional ministry office if you require additional information.
2.5.2 Non-Continuous Data
Raw and validated data from non-continuous sampling programs are also to be submitted
quarterly to the ministry in Excel or CSV format (Appendix 3, Table 10). The units of
measurement for various sampled contaminants are listed in Table 2. Data are to be
submitted electronically within 45 days of the end of each quarter, based on the calendar
year, that is, first quarter by May 15th, second quarter by August 14th, third quarter by
November 14th and fourth quarter by February 14th. If full quarter results are not available
from the laboratory, supply all data available, and provide missing results in the following
quarterly report. The monitoring schedules are specified in the respective SOPs (see Section
4.0). If any data correction was performed, an edit log table shall be submitted as per the
example in Appendix 4.
Minimum Routine Scans for Non-Continuous Parameters

The ministry may require minimum routine analytical scans for contaminants of interest or
concern such as: metals and/or anions in particulate matter (TSP, PM10 and PM2.5), speciated
VOCs, speciated PAHs, and speciated dioxins and furans. The emitter should contact their

March 2008
regional office of the ministry during the development of the monitoring plan (Section 1.5)
to establish the list of parameters to be analyzed and confirm the required MDLs.
Subsequent changes to the parameters list need to be done in consultation with the ministry.
Quarterly Report
A quarterly summary report must be submitted along with the data. These reports should be
combined with any continuous data quarterly reports. The report shall include the following
statistics for each measured pollutant parameter:
No. of valid samples
% valid data
Period arithmetic mean
Period geometric mean (TSP only)
Maximum 24-hour value
Maximum monthly value
Additionally, the report shall include the number times that the emitter exceeded a standard
in O.Reg. 419/05, a guideline, a AAQC, a limit in Certificates of Approval or Orders, or any
other legal limit which applies to the emitters facility. The emitter must report all
exceedences for each applicable averaging period. This would include, but is not limited to:
No. 24-hr periods > O. Reg. 419/05 24-hour standards or 24-hour AAQCs
No. months > O. Reg. 419/05 monthly standards or monthly AAQCs
Table 2: Units of Measurement Associated with Non-Continuous Samples
Sampled Pollutant Unit of Measurement

Dustfall grams/square metre/30 days g/m2/30d
Fluoridation rate micrograms of fluoride/100 square cm/30 g F/100 cm2/30d
days
Particulate matter (TSP, micrograms/cubic metre g/m3
PM10 and PM2.5) and its
constituents
VOCs micrograms/cubic metre g/m3
PAHs nanograms/cubic metre ng/m3
Dioxins/furans picograms/cubic metre expressed in toxicity pg/m3 TEQ
(PCDD/PCDF) equivalents
2.5.3 Annual Reports
By May 15th of each year, the emitters shall provide to the ministry an annual summary
report, with interpretation, of the results obtained in the previous calendar year. This report is
a summary of annual operations and data, along with interpretation. Do not include a copy
of the data with the report. The report shall include:
A map showing the location of emitting sources, property boundaries, and
monitoring stations, including scaling and north arrow.

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A summary of overall operations, e.g., summary of parameters monitored and
equipment/model numbers, frequency of site visits and calibrations, confirmation of
data backups and/or archiving, list of problems that resulted in significant losses of
data along with remedial actions. Do not include copies of station logbook entries.
A summary of audits and audit outcomes. Do not include copies of the audit reports.
Summary statistics, including:
- Annual Arithmetic Mean
- Annual Geometric Mean (TSP only)
- Maximum 1-hour (continuous data only)
- Maximum 24-hour
- Number of valid hours or sampling periods
- % valid data
A summary of exceedences including the number times that the emitter exceeded a
standard in O.Reg. 419/05, a guideline, an AAQC, a limit in Certificates of Approval
or Orders, or any other legal limit which applies to the emitters facility. The emitter
must report all exceedences for each applicable averaging period. This would
include, but is not limited to:
- Exceedence of annual standard
- No. months > O. Reg. 419/05 monthly standards or monthly AAQCs
- No. days > O. Reg. 419/05 24-hour standards or 24-hour AAQCs
- No. hours > O.Reg. 419/05 hourly standards or 1-hour AAQCs (continuous data
only)
- No. hours > 1-hour threshold * (continuous data only)
- No. half-hours > O. Reg. 419/05 half-hour standards or half-hour POI guidelines
(continuous data only)
- No. 10-minute periods > O. Reg. 419/05 10-min standards (continuous data only)
All exceedences of criteria, standards or reporting thresholds are to be evaluated by
wind speed/direction data for source contribution assessment: This may include
pollution rose or wind rose analysis for continuous data.
Comparison to historical data collected by emitters, (preferably using graphics), e.g.,
comparison of statistics to any previous years' statistics.
Evaluation of effects (if any) on monitoring results by abatement actions.
*Some regions require notification when concentrations are greater than a threshold. Please contact your
regional ministry office if you require additional information.
2.6 Public Reporting of Data

Monitoring data, quarterly and annual reports must be made accessible to the public upon
request in a timely and accessible manner.

March 2008
3. Station and Probe Siting Criteria
This section describes siting criteria applicable to ambient air monitoring stations, probes,
samplers and meteorological sensors. It is largely based on the US Code of Federal
Regulations6. The section also uses siting criteria information from the Environment Canada
document entitled National Air Pollution Surveillance Network Quality Assurance and
Control Guidelines1. Criteria for the siting and exposure of meteorological sensors are
based on USEPA7 and World Meteorological Organization (WMO)8 guidance documents.
Siting criteria are included for monitoring the following parameters: SO2, TRS, NOx,
particulate matter (TSP, PM10, PM2.5 and dustfall), PAHs, VOCs, fluoridation rate and
meteorological parameters (wind speed/direction, temperature and solar radiation).
3.1 Station Siting Criteria

Appendix D of the USEPA 1999 document6 focuses on the relationship between monitoring
objectives and the geographical location of monitoring stations. To clarify the nature of this
relationship, the concept of spatial scale of representativeness of a monitoring station is
defined. The goal in siting stations is to match correctly the spatial scale represented by the
sample of monitored air with the spatial scale most appropriate for the monitoring objective
of the station. Thus the spatial scale of representativeness is described in terms of physical
dimensions of the air parcel nearest to a monitoring station throughout which actual pollutant
concentrations are reasonably similar.
The USEPA 1999 document defines scales of representativeness ranging from microscale to
national and global scales. For the purposes of ambient air monitoring of emissions from
industrial sources, the scales of representativeness will typically range from the microscale to
possibly the urban scale. These are defined in the USEPA 1999 document as follows:
Microscale - defines concentrations in air volumes associated with area dimensions ranging
from several metres up to about 100 metres;
Middle scale - defines concentrations typical of areas up to several city blocks in size with
dimensions ranging from about 100 metres to 0.5 kilometres;
Neighbourhood scale - defines concentrations within some extended area of a city that has
relatively uniform land use with dimensions in the 0.5 to 4.0 kilometres range; and,
Urban scale - defines the overall, citywide conditions with dimensions on the order of 4.0 to
50 kilometres.
These scales of representativeness relate to the following basic monitoring objectives

typically associated with monitoring industrial sources of emissions: compliance with
regulatory requirements, population exposure and impact of emissions. Air emission
inventories, population density, climatological data, geographical/land use information
(GIS), dispersion modelling, public complaints about air quality and the results of short-term

March 2008
screening studies conducted with portable samplers, etc. are all useful in the station site
selection process.
3.2 Probe Siting Criteria

Appendix E of the USEPA 1999 document6 contains specific criteria applicable to locating
ambient air monitoring probes after the general station siting has been selected based on the
monitoring objectives and spatial scale of representation.
The probe siting criteria discussed below must be followed as closely as possible. It is
recognized that practical considerations may require some deviations from the criteria. In
such a case, the reasons must be thoroughly documented in a written request for approval by
the emitters district office of the ministry. Conditions under which the ministry may grant a
deviation from the criteria will be similar to those listed in section 11 of Appendix E of the
USEPA 1999 document.
The following is a description of the probe siting criteria by pollutant of interest for ambient
air quality monitoring of emissions from industrial point sources. A summary of the criteria,
by pollutant, is also presented in Table 3.
3.2.1 Sulphur Dioxide/Total Reduced Sulphur (SO2/TRS)
The probe must be located between 3 and 15 metres above ground and must also be at least 1
metre vertically or horizontally away from any supporting structures, walls, parapets,
penthouses, etc. Inlet probes protruding from walls are undesirable and are to be avoided. If
the probe is located near the side of a building, then it should be on the side of the building
facing the point source being monitored. No furnace, incineration flues or other sources of
SO2 should be nearby (separation distance should take into account the height of flues, type
of waste or fuel burned and the sulphur content of the fuel).
The distance from obstacles such as walls and buildings must be at least twice the height that
the obstacle protrudes above the probe. Airflow must be unrestricted in at least three of four
cardinal wind directions, and the direction leading back to the main pollution source being
monitored must be unrestricted by obstacles. Since trees can provide surfaces for adsorption
or reactions and obstruct wind flow, the probe must be more than 20 metres from trees.
3.2.2 Nitrogen Oxides (NO2)
The probe must be located between 3 and 15 metres above ground (for middle and
neighbourhood scales) and must also be at least 1 metre vertically or horizontally away from
any supporting structure, walls, parapets, penthouses, etc. Inlet probes protruding from walls
are undesirable and are to be avoided. If the probe is located near the side of a building, then
it should be on the side of the building facing the point source being monitored. No furnace,
incineration flues or other sources of NOx should be nearby (separation distance should take
into account the height of flues, type of waste or fuel burned).
The distance from obstacles such as walls and buildings must be at least twice the height that
the obstacle protrudes above the probe. Airflow must be unrestricted in at least three of four

March 2008
cardinal wind directions, and the direction leading back to the main pollution source being
monitored must be unrestricted by obstacles. Since trees can provide surfaces for adsorption
or reactions and obstruct wind flow, the probe must be more than 20 metres from trees.
In siting NO2 analyzers for industrial point source monitoring, it is important to minimize
interferences from automotive sources. For neighbourhood and urban scale monitoring, the
table below provides required minimum separation distances between a roadway and a probe
for various ranges of daily roadway traffic (smaller separation distances than listed in the
table, i.e., less than 10 metres, would classify the monitoring as middle scale).
Minimum Separation Vehicles per Day

Distance (metres)
10 < 10,000
20 15,000
30 20,000
50 40,000
100 70,000
250 110,000
3.2.3 Particulate Matter
Total Suspended Particulate (TSP)

For all spatial scales, the TSP sampler inlet must be between approximately 2 and 15 metres
above ground. When determining the sampling location, roadways need to be taken into
consideration as TSP has large horizontal and vertical concentration gradients immediately
adjacent to roadways. The sampler inlet must be at least 1 metre (vertical) and at least 2
metres (horizontal) from a supporting structure (for a rooftop location, the 2 metre separation
distance is from walls, parapets or penthouses located on the roof). No furnace or
incineration flues should be nearby.
The distance from the sampler to obstacles such as buildings must be at least twice the height
of the obstacle protruding above the sampler. The airflow around the sampler must be
unrestricted in three of the four cardinal wind directions. There must be no significant
obstruction between the sampler and the point source even though other spacing from
obstruction criteria are met. Trees provide surfaces for particulate deposition and also
restrict airflow, thus the sampler should be placed at least 20 metres from trees.
To minimize the impact of windblown dusts, the TSP sampler should not be located in an
unpaved area unless there is good vegetative ground cover. For ground level installations, it
is highly recommended to install the sampler on a stand (0.5 to 1.0 metre above ground) and
to direct the exhaust of the sampler away from the sampler using appropriate ducting.
Locations near unpaved parking lots, stockpiles or other fugitive sources are to be avoided
unless these sources are part of the monitoring objectives. Activities generating particulate
emissions, such as grass cutting near the samplers, are to be avoided on sampling dates.

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PM10 and PM2.5 (discrete sampler)
Many of the sample inlet siting criteria are similar to those for TSP sampling, and
notwithstanding the differences noted below, the criteria for TSP sampling must be followed.
Since PM10 and PM2.5 exhibit dispersion properties of both gases and settleable particulates,
they show vertical and horizontal gradients. PM10 and PM2.5 inlets should be placed at
breathing height. However, practical factors such as prevention of vandalism, security and
safety precautions must also be considered when siting a particulate sampler.
Given these considerations, the sampler inlet height for microscale PM10 and PM2.5 samplers
must be 2-7 metres above ground level. For middle or larger spatial scales, increased
diffusion results in smaller vertical concentration gradients than for the microscale, and
hence the required air intake is 2-15 metres above ground.
The sampler inlet should be at least 5 metres from the nearest natural gas combustion
exhaust. Sampler inlets should be placed at least 25 metres from major roadways to
minimize their influence when monitoring industrial sources.
PM10 and PM2.5 (continuous monitor)

Continuous PM samplers such as the TEOM, Beta Gauge (BAM), etc. require vertical
installation of an inlet probe through the roof of the shelter, and according to the instrument
operating manual, the sample line must form a straight line with the probe inlet of the sensor
unit. Other than this, the probe siting criteria are very similar to those for sampling
particulate with discrete samplers: the probe must be located 2 to 15 metres above ground, be
at least 1 metre (vertical) 2 metres (horizontal) from support structures and at least 20 metres
from trees. The distance from the probe to nearby obstacles such as buildings must be at
least twice the height of the obstacle protruding above the probe. Unrestricted airflow is
required in three of four cardinal wind directions and the separation distance requirements
for discrete particulate samplers from roads and furnace and/or incineration flues apply as
well.
Dustfall
The sampling method is described in ASTM Method D1739-98 and also in ministry Method
DF-E3043A. Dustfall consists of the very coarse particulate matter fraction that settles
quickly under the influence of gravity and can result in soiling and nuisance issues. It may
contain components of concern for human health (e.g., lead) and can cause damage to nearby
vegetation (e.g., salt cake). Although the sampling method is not considered to be rigorous,
some regulatory agencies find it useful to determine off-property impacts of coarse
particulate emissions from certain industrial source sectors (e.g., cement, aggregate and
primary wood products emitters), and have applicable guidelines/criteria. A copy of Method
DF-E3043A is available from the ministrys LaSB, Customer Services at (416) 235-6311. A
copy of ASTM Method D1739-98 is available from the ASTM web site at:
www.astm.org
The dustfall sampling method is subject to much interference, such that natural materials
(e.g., leaves, insect parts, bird droppings, etc.) not associated with the industrial emissions

March 2008
being monitored can easily bias the results. Hence, both the lab analytical method and the
siting criteria must be followed to meet the objectives of the sampling program.
The dustfall collector (polymer jar) should be held in a suitable bracket affixed to a
telephone/electrical utility pole (approval from the local utility should be obtained for
everyones safety) or other supporting device, approximately 3 metres above ground. This
vertical separation distance is to minimize re-entrainment of particulate matter from the
ground and also to minimize and prevent vandalism. Health and safety concerns regarding
the use of ladders to change the jars are best addressed by the use of a long pole equipped
with a suitable bracket.
The sampling sites should be selected to avoid unpaved roadways and parking lots,
preference being given to sites with good vegetative cover. Also any fugitive source(s)
should be documented or preferably avoided through suitable separation distances,
depending on the objective of the sampling program. The sampler should be at least 20
metres from buildings, trees and other significant obstacles. There should be unrestricted air
flow in three of the four cardinal points, especially between the sampler and the emission
source(s) being monitored. For rooftop installations, the sampler should not be near
chimneys or flues that could emit soot/coal or other coarse dust and should be positioned
away from the edges of the roof to avoid building wake wind effects.
3.2.4 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Since PAHs in ambient air are associated mostly with fine particulate matter, the sampler
inlet siting criteria is the same as for sampling particulate matter. Hence the sampler inlet
height must be 3-15 metres above ground and the separation distances from obstacles and
furnace/incineration flues etc., is as required for sampling particulate Within the scope of the
monitoring objectives, a critical consideration in siting a PAH sampler is to avoid possible
nearby PAH sources which could interfere with the sample results. Hence PAH samplers
must not be installed on asphalt rooftops and sampling should not be undertaken near sites
when rooftop tarring and roadway/parking lot paving activities are occurring.
3.2.5 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
The sampler inlet siting criteria are the same as for sampling PAHs. Within the scope of the
monitoring objectives, care must be taken to avoid nearby VOC sources (e.g., automobile
exhaust, furnace/incineration flues, etc.) which could interfere with the sample results.
Hence minimum separation distances from roadways, specified for monitoring NOx, are
required.
3.2.6 Dioxins and Furans (PCDD/DF)
The sampler inlet siting criteria are the same as for sampling PAHs and particulate matter.
Within the scope of the monitoring objectives, care must be taken to avoid possible known
nearby sources of dioxins and furans which could interfere with the sample results. Hence
minimum separation distances from such sources, using the range of criteria referenced in
this document and knowledge of local conditions are required.

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3.2.7 Fluoridation Rate
Sampler siting criteria for the use of lime candles follow the guidelines for siting particulate
samplers and trace gas monitors. The candle is usually protected from the elements using a
louvered shelter positioned 2 to 3 metres above ground, and it should be located in an area
not prone to vandalism. The sampler should be located more than 20 metres from trees and
its distance from any air flow obstacle must be greater than twice the height of the obstacle
above the sampler. There should be unrestricted air flow in three of the four wind quadrants.
Within the scope of the monitoring objectives, care must be taken to try to avoid possible
known nearby sources of fluorides which could interfere with the sample results. Hence
minimum separation distances from such sources, using the range of criteria referenced in
this document and knowledge of local conditions are required. The sampling method is
described in ASTM Method D3269-96 (2001) e1 which is available at the following URL:
www.astm.org

March 2008
Table 3: Sample Probe Siting Criteria
Height Above Distance from Supporting

Pollutant Ground Structure (metres)
Other Spacing Criteria
(metres) Vertical Horizontal1
SO2 and TRS 3 to 15 >1 >1 a. >20 metres from trees
b. Distance from the sampler to any air flow obstacle, i.e.,
buildings, must be >2x height of obstacle above the sampler
c. Unrestricted air flow in 3 of the 4 wind quadrants
d. No nearby2 furnace or incineration flues
Nitrogen Oxides (NO2) 3 to 15 >1 >1 a. >20 metres from trees
(middle scale) b. 10 metres from street intersection or at mid-block location
c. >2-10 metres from roadway
Nitrogen Oxides (NO2) 3 to 15 >1 >1 a. >20 metres from trees
(neighbourhood scale) b. Distance from the sampler to any air flow obstacle, i.e.,
d. Spacing from roadway varies with road traffic
e. No nearby furnace or incineration flues
TSP 2 to 15 >1 >2 a. >20 metres from trees
(both spatial scales) b. Distance from the sampler to any air flow obstacle, i.e.,
d. No nearby furnace or incineration flues
e. Distance of sampler from major roadways should be > 20-25
metres for sampler inlet heights of 2 to 5 metres
PM10 and PM2.5 2-73 >1 >2 a. >20 metres from trees
(discrete sampler) 2-154 >1 >2 b. Distance from the sampler to any air flow obstacle, i.e.,

March 2008
Table 3: Sample Probe Siting Criteria
Height Above Distance from Supporting

Pollutant Ground Structure (metres)
Other Spacing Criteria
(metres) Vertical Horizontal1
d. >5 metres from chimneys with natural gas combustion
emissions
e. >20-25 metres from major roadways
PM10 and PM2.5 2 to 15 >1 >2 a. >20 metres from trees
(continuous sampler) b. Distance from the sampler to any air flow obstacle, i.e.,
d. >5 metres from chimneys with natural gas combustion
emissions
e. >20-25 metres from major roadways
PAHs/Dioxins 3 to 15 >1 >2 a. No nearby sources of PAHs, dioxins and VOCs which could
VOCs interfere with sample results
Dustfall 3 a. No nearby unpaved roadways, parking lots5
b. >20 metres from obstacles (buildings, trees)
d. No nearby chimneys or flues that could emit coarse
particulate (soot/coal)
e. Avoid building wake wind effects for rooftop installations
1
When a probe is located on a rooftop, this separation distance is in reference to walls, parapets, or penthouses located on the roof
2
Distance depends on the height of furnace or incinerator flues, type of waste or fuel burned, and quality of fuel (sulphur and ash content).
This is to avoid undue influence from nearby sources
3
For microscale measurements
4
For middle or larger scale measurements
5
Separation distances from these sources depend on monitoring objectives

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3.2.8 Probe Material
In addition to the siting criteria for stations and sample inlet probes, an important
requirement is the use of acceptable probe materials. For reactive gases such as SO2 and
NO2, only Pyrex glass and FEP Teflon have been found to be acceptable for use as intake
sampling lines. For VOC sampling, FEP Teflon is unacceptable because of VOC adsorption
and desorption reactions on the Teflon. Acceptable probe materials for VOC sampling are
borosilicate glass, stainless steel or its equivalent.
3.2.9 Meteorological Measurements
The meteorological sensor siting and exposure criteria described below are largely based on
USEPA and WMO guidance documents7,8 as referenced. Meteorological measurements
include measurements of wind speed, wind direction, temperature, barometric pressure,
relative humidity and solar radiation. This document will not cover barometric pressure and
relative humidity. As a general rule, meteorological sensors should be sited at a distance,
which is beyond the influence of obstructions such as buildings and trees. The other general
rule is that the measurements should be representative of meteorological conditions in the
area of interest. A summary of the criteria for siting meteorological probes is provided in
Table 4.
Wind Speed and Direction

To meet the best exposure criteria, sensors to measure wind are usually mounted on towers
or masts. If sensors are mounted improperly, errors due to the influence of nearby obstacles
and possibly of the tower itself will be introduced into the measurements.
Except when measurements of extremely local phenomenon are required (from microscale to
neighbourhood scale), measurements representative of a fairly large area (urban to regional
scale) are desired. Care must be taken to ensure that the measurements are not adversely
influenced by nearby obstacles. The WMO has recommended that the standard height at
which surface wind measurements should be taken is 10 metres (however measurements at a
height of 2 metres are acceptable for tripod-mounted sensors). Depending on the monitoring
objectives/requirements, there may be circumstances for which wind measurements would
best be taken at elevations much higher than 10 metres (minimize topographical effects,
tracking of emissions from tall stacks, etc.). Such cases would need the approval of the
ministry. Ideally, the measurements should be taken over level, open terrain but if
obstructions, such as buildings, are present in the area where wind measurements are to be
taken, the following criteria must be observed:
a) The sensor must be located a distance upwind of a building equal to at least the
building height.
b) If the sensor is to be located on the roof of the building, it must be at least one and a
half (1.5) building heights above the roof. Wind sensors should only be located on
building rooftops as a last resort.

March 2008
c) The sensor must be located a distance of at least 5 to 10 building heights downwind
of the building.
For rough terrain or valley situations, local effects such as channelling, slope and valley
winds need to be considered in the design of the monitoring program. If the program focuses
on elevated sources of emissions, it may be desirable to avoid local wind influences. If the
emissions of interest are from ground level sources, local influences require careful
consideration and the siting of the wind sensors must take into account nearby topographical
features, which could unduly influence the measurements.
In addition to the general rules concerning obstructions, other considerations are important
with respect to sites near trees. Seasonal effects need to be considered for sites near
deciduous trees. For dense continuous forests where an open exposure cannot be obtained,
measurements should be taken 10 metres above the height of the general vegetative canopy.
If the anemometer and vane are to be installed on the side of a tower, then precautions must
be taken to ensure that the wind measurements are not influenced by the tower. Studies have
shown that turbulence in the wake of lattice towers is severe and in the wake of solid towers
turbulence is extreme, often with flow reversal. Open lattice towers are preferred. To
mitigate these effects, the following exposure criteria should be observed:
a) The boom should extend outward from a corner of the tower into the wind direction
of primary concern
b) The boom should place the sensor out from the tower a distance not less than the
length of a side of the tower
c) The wind sensors should be located at heights of minimum tower density, above or
below the horizontal cross members
d) If the width of the tower side is D, for a boom length of 1 tower width, i.e., 1D,
measurements of wind speed are true to within 10% for a 330o sector of arc
e) For a boom length of 2D, wind speed is accurate to within 10% for a 330o sector of
arc. It is recommended that the wind sensor be mounted on booms at a distance of at
least 2D from the tower
For these two arcs, wind direction has been found to be accurate to within 5%. On large TV
towers, the sector of arc yielding accurate wind measurements may drop to 180o for boom
lengths less than 1D. If more accurate wind measurements are required for an arc greater
than that produced by the above exposure criteria, it is recommended that two sets of speed
and direction sensors be placed 180o apart in the manner prescribed above. A wind sensor
mounted on top of a tower should be mounted at least 1D above the top of the tower
structure.
Air Temperature
The sensor must be housed in a ventilated radiation shield (aspiration velocity should exceed
3m/s) to protect the sensor from thermal radiation. The USEPA recommends the sensor be

March 2008
no closer than four times the obstructions height and at least 30 metres from large paved
areas. Other situations to avoid include: large industrial heat sources, rooftops, steep slopes,
tall vegetation, shaded areas, swamps, etc. The WMO standard for ambient air temperature
measurements is 2 metres above ground. The USEPA recommends that the sensor be
located at least 2 metres above ground, up to a maximum of 10 metres. Vandalism and
security need to be considered in the placement of these sensors. Temperature sensors on
towers should be mounted on booms at a distance of about 1D (D is the width of the tower
side).
Probe placement for temperature difference measurements depend on the application. For
use in estimating stable plume rise, temperature difference measurements should be made
across the plume rise layer and a minimum separation of 50 metres is recommended.
Solar radiation
Pyranometers used for measuring incoming solar radiation should be located with an
unrestricted view of the sky in all directions during all seasons, with the lowest solar
elevation angle possible. Sensor height is not critical for these units. A tall platform or
rooftop is a desirable location.
Net radiometers should be mounted about 1 metre above ground and in such a fashion as to
avoid obstructions to the field of view both upward and downward. The ground cover
should be representative of the general site area. The monitoring objective will govern the
collection of solar or net radiation data.

March 2008
Table 4: Meteorological Probe Siting Criteria
Height Above Exposure

Sensor Type
Ground (metres) Considerations
Wind speed and direction 101 a.
>1 building height (H) upwind of a building obstruction
>1.5H above building roof for rooftop installation2
b.
c.
>5-10H downwind of building
d.
>10 metres above dense vegetative canopy
e.
>2 tower side widths (D) for boom installations
f.
>1D above tower for tower mast installation
1
Air temperature 2 a.
Temperature sensor >4 obstruction heights and >30 metres from large
paved areas
b. >1D for tower boom installations
c. >50 metres between levels for temperature difference measurements
Solar radiation 13 a. No vertical height restriction for pyranometers (incoming solar radiation)
b. Ground cover representative of area
1
World Meteorological Organization recommendation; height can be greater depending on monitoring requirements (e.g., tall
stacks)
2
Rooftop installations not recommended
3
Height above ground for net radiometers

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4. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
The SOPs provided in this section for performing ambient air quality monitoring are,
generally, those currently used by the ministry. The current listing is the first revision to the
initial list provided in June 2003. Most of the methods described herein have been
designated as reference or equivalent methods by the USEPA. A current listing of these
methods, for criteria air contaminants, can be found at the following USEPA web site:
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/criteria.html
For the air contaminants described as air toxics by the USEPA, such as PAHs, VOCs and
dioxins/furans, the methods recommended by the USEPA, and accepted by the ministry, are
available at the following USEPA web site:
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/airtoxpg.html
It is important to note that the SOPs are not intended to provide a detailed description of the
monitoring/sampling methods. Emitters and site operators will need to review the method
reference documents for the detailed method descriptions.
Emitters/site operators using or wanting to use an air monitoring or sampling method not
listed in these SOPs, and not designated or listed by the USEPA, must contact their regional
office of the ministry at the program planning stage for approval of the method intended to
be used.
The SOPs are short documents which provide emitters and site operators with information on
reference documents, the acceptable monitoring method(s), any additional equipment
required, and instrumentation QA/QC requirements such as the type of internal/external
performance checks and calibrations, and the performance audits by the ministry. The
requirements specified in these documents are minimum requirements and site operators are
encouraged to exceed them if desired for optimal performance. The operators of the
instrumentation are required to service, operate and maintain it in accordance with the
manufacturers operating manual.
The SOPs will be revised from time to time to reflect changes and the introduction of new
technology for air monitoring/sampling methods and updated QA/QC requirements.
4.1 Standard Operating Procedure for Editing Continuous Data

This SOP establishes the procedure by which data editing will be conducted. It is intended
to:
Standardize the method by which data editing is done
Ensure consistency of application
Clearly define the expectations of the process

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4.1.1 Daily Data Check
1. Every weekday a daily data review should be conducted to check for anomalous data.
2. Instruments that do not appear to be functioning normally are to be investigated and

simple problems rectified. If major problems are noted by others they are referred to the
person assigned to that station.
3. Data is reviewed and corrections made where possible. Significant problems are flagged to
the person assigned to that station (if problem noted by another person) if it appears related
to a station related function that may need correcting.
4.1.2 Data Editing
All data should be edited within 30 days of the end of the month in which it was collected.
Data editing is any change made to raw data. It includes a check of the data and typically
involves manual verification of values against electronic charts or other secondary data
log(s) (e.g., minute data) and changing data to recover missing values, invalidating false
data, etc. To maintain edited data as current as possible, the following procedure should be
carried out after each calibration or as a minimum, monthly.
From a DAS workstation, print a monthly data report and review data looking for anomalous
readings or missing data. Highlight data or data blocks that will require editing. See Table 5
below for the general principles to ensure valid data.

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Table 5: General Principles for Data Editing - Continuous Data
Parameter Look For Action

General Preponderance of Perform Manual Poll to recover missing data.
missing values Check other parameters for interruption, if yes may be
power failure
Extreme high value(s) Check data logger configuration

Check minute data
Values look correct No action required

for pollutant
Checking calibration Ensure zero and span response not shifting much.
reports
NOx Channels balance Not every hour will balance but majority should
NO + NO2 = NOx
Channels not adding Zero reset may be needed

up at all
Long periods of zeros Station visit; possible flow problem

TRS Single hourly value View minute data and correct
too high (or low) Verify span check
compared to adjacent
readings
String of unchanging Check wind direction and speed. Apply negative offset if
elevated numbers required.
Check for SO2 breakthrough
Consistent low level Baseline noise; adjust block to zero

values
Oxidizer temperature Invalidate data for time period of failure. Note: site visit
not within maybe required to verify no connection problem (if
specifications, connection ok, invalidation not required)
typically between
8500C - 9150C

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SO2 Same as TRS
Ambient Check temperature View minute data and correct.
Temperature readings for extreme
high or low values. Check for power failures.
Check for long Check for defective temperature probe.

periods of constant
values
PM Filter loading greater Site visit to change filter (TEOM)
than 90%
PM10/ PM2.5 String of zeros for Check whether statuses are within range
PM10/PM2.5
Mass concentration Values for the same hour should be very close; if values
and PM10/PM2.5 seem to be offset by one hour, check treatment settings
Wind Check for some Aerovane turning ok?
readings >20 kph
Long periods of calm Is aerovane stuck or frozen?

or same wind
direction
Any other Establish data editing principles in consultation with local

continuously district office of the ministry.
monitored
parameter

March 2008
4.2 Standard Operating Procedure for Editing Non-Continuous Data
This SOP establishes recommended procedures by which data validation and editing will be
conducted for non-continuous data. It is intended to:
Standardize the method by which data editing is done

Ensure consistency of application
Clearly define the expectations of the process
A summary of the standard sampling schedules and general data editing and completeness
requirements was provided earlier in section 2.4. Table 6 outlines in greater detail the
general principles of data validation and editing to ensure the collection of good data.
Validation and editing of non-continuous data comprises procedures to be followed during

sample collection and handling in the field, submission to a laboratory, laboratory analyses
and analysis/screening of the data as part of the final editing process.
4.2.1 Field Procedures - sample collection and submission to a laboratory
The collection of valid field samples is the first step in ensuring the production of valid data.
Air monitoring station operators should follow the Standard Operating Procedures provided
in Section 4.3 and the principles outlined in Table 6. To assist operators in the collection of
TSP and PM10 samples, please refer to the ministry document A Guide to Air Filter (hi-vol
and PM10) Sampling and Submission which is available through your local ministry office.
Generally speaking, field operators should invalidate samples which are highly suspect. For
example, every exposed TSP or PM10 filter should show some discolouration; a filter which
is as white as an unexposed filter suggests that the sampler motor did not run or ran for a
very brief time. It is very important for field operators to document their observations at the
time of sample collection to assist in the data validation process: a lightly discoloured filter
would suggest a possible error in the determination of its tare weight in the laboratory if the
particulate loading result was determined to be very high. These observations should be
documented in writing and forwarded to the laboratory together with the sample.
Care is also required in shipping samples to the laboratory. Suitable containers are required
to avoid sample contamination, destruction, damage, etc. Also, some samples such as
VOCs, need to be kept and stored between 2C and 10C until the analysis is performed.
Other samples, such as filters exposed for PAH analysis, need to be sent to the laboratory
within 14 days of sampling. Filters exposed for dioxin and furan analysis need to be kept in
the dark to avoid sample degradation.
It is important for field operators to be familiar with, and follow, the recommended sample
collection and handling procedures as closely as possible. Field operators must also
document their observations for use by laboratory and data management staff in the data
validation process.

March 2008
4.2.2 Data screening and analysis
Another important component of the data validation process is data screening and analysis
by staff responsible for data management aspects. Screening criteria are commonly used to
flag or identify suspicious data. This comprises identifying outliers (extreme high or low
values not commonly observed or possible, such as TSP or PM10 values < 0 or > 500 g/m3,
or benzene, toluene and xylenes values all < 1 g/m3), or identifying results which are not
theoretically possible such as PM10 > TSP for collocated samplers. Data analysts can design
their own screening criteria to check suspicious data, based on their experience and
knowledge of the database for the parameters of interest.
4.2.3 Analytical data screening and analysis
The third aspect of the data validation process involves laboratory screening procedures. For
example, the determination of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 particulate loadings involves weighing
the filters in a temperature and humidity controlled room before and after the filters have
been exposed. An obvious check here is to ensure that the exposed filter weight is greater
than the tare filter weight. If this is not the case, this could result from a weighing error in
the lab, a transcription error or a damaged exposed filter for which a small piece of filter is
missing. Samples which require analysis within a time period after collection or receipt in
the laboratory, known as sample hold time, may be analyzed but the result qualified with a
remark if this time period has been exceeded. The decision as to whether or not the result is
valid will have to be made based on all the information available for that sample.
Typically, laboratories use QA/QC control limits which are quite rigorous and if properly
followed should uncover suspicious results. Analytical methods specify strict procedures for
sample preparation/storage, sample hold times and expected method performance such as
accuracy, precision and detection limits. Analytical data validation is closely linked to how
well these methods are adhered to.
In summary, these examples are only a few of many that could be provided to screen out
suspicious or invalid data. There should be good communication and documentation of
observations by all staff involved in the process. Table 6 provides additional information on
recommended checks and actions required to assist in the data validation process for non-
continuous data. If in doubt about how to handle suspect data, consult with regional ministry
personnel.

March 2008
Table 6: General Principles for Data Validating and Editing -Non-Continuous Data

Dustfall Siting criteria Regularly inspect site and surrounding area to ensure criteria
Exposure period continue to be met. Check >on= and >off= dates to confirm period is
within 5 days of start and end of calendar month and exposure
period is between 25 and 35 days; ensure sample identified with
proper exposure month
Condition of jar/liner Check for signs of vandalism/tampering; ensure integrity of both

and ensure that sample has not leaked due to liner tear/breakage
Sample condition Inspect to determine possible contamination by interfering materials

(e.g., excessive algae growth, bird droppings, other significant
objects/materials)
Sample Minimize storage period and refrigerate if sample submission to lab

storage/submission is to be delayed for some time; ensure plastic liner is well sealed for
shipment to lab
Data outliers Check for extreme values (high and low) and investigate to confirm
Identical results for Check >on= and >off= dates

consecutive months
Fluoride Siting criteria Inspect site and surrounding area to ensure criteria continue to be
candles met
Candle container Check to ensure container has not been opened prior to candle being
exposed in the field
Exposure period Check >on= and >off= dates to confirm period is within 5 days of start
and end of calendar month and exposure period is between 25 and
35 days; ensure sample identified with proper exposure month
Shelter and candle Check for signs of vandalism/tampering; ensure top of louvered
condition shelter is down and candle not exposed to precipitation; check for
good air flow through the louvers (no obstructions)
Sample Minimize storage period after exposure; ensure candle container is

storage/submission well sealed for shipment to lab
Data outliers Check for extreme values (high and low) and investigate if required
Identical results for Check >on= and >off= dates

consecutive months
TSP, PM10, Siting criteria Inspect site and surrounding area to ensure criteria continue to be
PM2.5, PAHs met
Filter and filter condition Check filter integrity (perforations, missing pieces, large cracks,
etc.); avoid contamination of exposed filter surface area while
handling; exposed filter should always be darker than new filter

March 2008
Filter cassette Check for integrity and cleanliness of screen, gasket (tight seal on
filter)
Shelter condition Check for signs of vandalism/tampering; check for accumulated

particulate and clean according to manufacturer=s instructions
(especially significant for the PM10 and PM2.5 size selective inlet
head cyclones)
Flow controller and timer Check for proper sampling run times and flow rate
Handling of exposed filter Remove from the sampler as soon as practical. Fold and store filter
in acceptable envelope (TSP), cardboard folder (PM10), or
aluminum foil (PAHs); refrigerate the filters for PAH analysis and
minimize their exposure to fluorescent light -these filters should be
analyzed within 7 days of exposure
PAH filter samples should not be handled with bare hands unless
they have been cleaned.
PUF plug cartridge Ensure container is intact (wrapped in Al foil) and sealed prior to
container sampling run; ensure plug is re-inserted in the glass container with
original aluminum foil, the container is sealed and shipped to the lab
for analysis
47 mm filter (PM2.5) Transport and expose the filters in the specially designed filter
cassettes and store these in plastic Petri dishes or cassette holders.
The filters should only be loaded/unloaded in the cassette rings in
the lab by lab staff where they weighed
Data outliers Check for extreme values (high and low) and investigate to confirm;
filter tare weight should always be less than weight of exposed filter
TSP vs PM10 and PM2.5 For collocated sites, check that TSP always greater than PM10 and
PM2.5
VOCs Cartridge container Ensure glass container still sealed, intact and refrigerated prior to
exposure of cartridge
Flow controller and timer Check both to ensure proper flow rate and sampling time
Exposed cartridge Remove cartridge from sampler as soon as practical, follow proper
storage/ refrigeration requirements and ship to lab for analysis
within required time frame after exposure
Evacuated canister Ensure the initial vacuum in the canister is -29 3 in of Hg and that
when not in use the flow controller inlet and outlet are always
capped. After the 24 hour sampling period, the final canister
pressure should be between -5 to -10 in of Hg with a flow controller
set at 3.5 mL/min for a 6 litre canister.

March 2008
Data outliers Check for unusual and extreme values (especially high) and
investigate to confirm
Dioxins and Same as TSP, PM10 and

furans PAHs
PUF plug cartridge Ensure container is intact (wrapped in aluminum foil) and sealed
container prior to sampling run; ensure plug is re-inserted in the glass
container with original aluminum foil, the container is sealed and
shipped to the lab for analysis
Data outliers Check for unusual and extreme values and investigate to confirm
Any other Establish data editing principles in consultation with local District
sampled Office of ministry.
parameter

March 2008
4.3 Standard Operating Procedures for Air Quality Monitoring
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
POLLUTANT Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

USEPA DESIGNATED REFERENCE AND List of designated reference and equivalent methods
EQUIVALENT METHOD most recent version:
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/ambient/criteria/refere
ce-equivalent-methods-list.pdf
Automated equivalent method
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS USEPA TTNWEB (current listing)
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/ambient/criteria/refere
ce-equivalent-methods-list.pdf
METHOD Ultraviolet (UV) Fluorescent
OPERATION, SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE

Operation, service and maintenance of the analyzers should be in accordance with the INSTRUMENT
MANUFACTURERS OPERATING MANUAL unless otherwise mentioned. Data is to be collected in
standard time (EST or CST as determined by local usage).
ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT REQUIRED

Inlet line particulate filter (5 micron TFE filter element)
Remote activation of zero / span and sample valves
Zero / span and sample solenoid valves
Internal permeation span source, SO2 permeation tube, uncertified
Certified SO2 calibration unit
INSTRUMENTATION QA/QC REQUIREMENT

INTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK Daily (over a 24-hour period)
DESCRIPTION:
Internal performance check is defined as a QA/QC procedure carried out within the analyzers. Internal zero
and span checks are to be performed automatically once per day. These checks are required to assess on-
going instrument performance such as zero / span drift, sample repeatability and response time and to
ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices.

March 2008
REQUIREMENT:
Automatic internal zero / span checks are to be performed daily. The total calibration cycle should run over
two 1-hour periods (i.e., be initiated at the end of an hour and to carry over in the beginning of the next
hour) to avoid lost data as a result of the required duration of the calibration cycle. The total calibration
period is to be approximately 20 minutes, preferably commencing at 00:50 hours each day (or at 50 minutes
into another hour if more suitable or desirable) and consisting of a 5 minute zero, 10 minute span and 5
minute recovery. Zero and span values should be reviewed daily.
Note: Auto span adjustment is not recommended
EXTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK AND Monthly

CALIBRATION
DESCRIPTION:
An external performance check and calibration is defined as a QA/QC procedure carried out with a
certified calibration unit (e.g., calibrator, gas cylinder, etc., referenced to a primary standard). Ministry
will certify calibration unit annually.
REQUIREMENT:
An external performance check and calibration is to be carried out by the operator at least once per
month and before (e.g., span drift of 5% or more) the internal performance check shows that the span
values are greater than 10% of the known standard. External performance checks are also
recommended to be done after repairs are made to an analyzer, when an analyzer is installed at a station
and possibly after a pollution episode. The results of the external performance check and calibration
must be recorded and the documentation must be available for inspection and/or submission to the
ministry to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices. Calibration equipment will be
verified by the ministry at least once per year.
AUDIT Four times per year

DESCRIPTION:
An audit will be performed by the ministry at least four times per year. It will also periodically include a
check of the data flow through the telemetry system.
REQUIREMENT:
Corrective action (e.g., zero and/or span adjustments, analyzer response time, flow adjustment, data
correction, etc.) will be required by the operator if the audit results show non-conformance with acceptable
operation, service and maintenance requirements. The corrective action must be recorded and reported to
the ministry as soon as practical to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices.

March 2008
Total Reduced Sulphur (TRS)
POLLUTANT Total Reduced Sulphur (TRS)

USEPA DESIGNATED REFERENCE AND List of designated reference and equivalent methods -
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/ambient/criteria/refe
ence-equivalent-methods-list.pdf
Equivalent reference method (SO2)
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/ambient/criteria/refe
ence-equivalent-methods-list.pdf
METHOD USEPA approved U.V. Pulse Fluorescent (SO2) with
high temperature oxidizer

Operation, service and maintenance of the analyzer should be in accordance with the INSTRUMENT
MANUFACTURER OPERATING MANUAL unless otherwise mentioned. Data is to be collected in

High temperature oxidizer (850C to 915C) with SOx scrubber
Remote activation of zero / span and sample valves
Zero/span and sample solenoid valves
Internal permeation span source, H2S permeation tube, uncertified
Certified SO2 calibration source and certified H2S calibration source

INTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK Daily
DESCRIPTION:
Internal performance check is defined as a QA/QC procedure carried out within the analyzer. Internal zero
and span checks are to be performed automatically once per day. These checks are required to assess on-
going instrument performance, such as zero/span drift, sample repeatability and response time and to ensure
adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices.

March 2008
REQUIREMENT:
Automatic internal zero / span checks are to be performed daily. The total calibration cycle should run
over two 1-hour periods (i.e., be initiated at the end of an hour and carry over into the beginning of the
next hour) to avoid lost data as a result of the required duration of the calibration cycle. The total
calibration period is to be approximately 20 minutes, preferably commencing at 00:50 hours each day (or
at 50 minutes into another hour if more suitable or desirable) and consisting of a 5 minute zero, 10
minute span and 5 minute recovery. Zero and span values should be reviewed daily.
Note: Auto span adjustment is not recommended

CALIBRATION
DESCRIPTION:
An external performance check and calibration is defined as a QA/QC procedure carried out with a
certified calibration unit (e.g., calibrator, gas cylinder, etc., referenced to a primary standard). Ministry
will certify the TRS calibration unit annually.
REQUIREMENT:
An external performance check and calibration is to be carried out by the operator at least once per
month and before (e.g., span drift of 5% or more) the internal performance check shows that the span
values are greater than 10% of the known standard. External performance checks are also
recommended to be done after repairs are made to an analyzer, when an analyzer is installed at a station
and possibly after a pollution episode. The instrumentation must be challenged periodically with a
certified SO2 gas source (at least 100 ppb) to ensure proper operation of the SOx scrubber and to provide
guidance as to when to change the scrubber. The results of the external performance check and
calibration must be recorded and the documentation must be available for inspection and/or submission
to the ministry to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices. Calibration equipment
will be verified by the ministry at least once per year.
AUDIT Four Times per year

DESCRIPTION:
An audit will be performed by the ministry at least four times per year. It will also periodically include a
check of the data flow through the telemetry system.
REQUIREMENT:
Corrective action (e.g., zero and/or span adjustments, analyzer response time, flow adjustment, data
correction, etc.) will be required by the operator if the audit results show non-conformance with
acceptable operation, service and maintenance requirements. The corrective action must be recorded and
reported to the ministry as soon as practical to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting
practices.

March 2008
Nitrogen Dioxide
POLLUTANT Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

USEPA DESIGNATED REFERENCE AND List of designated reference and equivalent
EQUIVALENT METHOD methods most recent version:
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/ambient/cri
teria/reference-equivalent-methods-list.pdf
Manual equivalent method
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/ambient/cri
teria/reference-equivalent-methods-list.pdf
METHOD Chemiluminescence

Operation, service and maintenance of the analyzers should be in accordance with the INSTRUMENT
MANUFACTURERS OPERATING MANUAL unless otherwise mentioned. Data is to be collected in

Remote activation of zero/span and sample valves
Zero/span and sample solenoid valves
Internal permeation span source: NO2 permeation tube or an NO cylinder (both uncertified)
Certified NO and NO2 calibration unit

DESCRIPTION:
Internal performance check is defined as a QA/QC procedure carried out within the analyzers. Internal Zero
and Span checks are to be performed weekly. These checks are required to assess on-going instrument
performance such as zero / span drift, sample repeatability and response time and to ensure adherence to
ministry QA/QC and reporting practices.

March 2008
REQUIREMENT:
Manual zero / span checks are to be performed weekly. The total calibration cycle should run over two 1-hour
periods (i.e., initiated at the end of an hour and carried over into the beginning of the next hour) to avoid lost
data as a result of the required duration of the calibration cycle. The total calibration period is to be
approximately 20 minutes, preferably commencing 50 minutes into the hour and consisting of a 5 minute zero,
10 minute span and 5 minute recovery.
Note: Auto span adjustment not recommended

CALIBRATION
DESCRIPTION:
An external performance check and calibration is defined as a QA/QC procedure carried out with a certified
calibration unit (e.g., calibrator, gas cylinder, gas dilution system, etc., referenced to a primary standard).
Ministry will certify the gas calibration unit annually.
REQUIREMENT:
An external performance check and calibration is to be carried out by the operator at least once per month and
before (e.g., span drift of 5% or more) the internal performance check shows that the span values are greater
than 10% of the known standard. External performance checks are also recommended to be done after
repairs are made to an analyzer, when an analyzer is installed at a station and possibly after a pollution
episode. The results of the external performance check and calibration must be recorded and the
documentation must be available for inspection and/or submission to the ministry to ensure adherence to
ministry QA/QC and reporting practices. Calibration equipment will be verified by the ministry at least once
per year.
AUDIT Four Times per year

DESCRIPTION:
An audit will be performed by the ministry at least four times per year. It will also periodically include a check
of the data flow through the telemetry system.
REQUIREMENT:
Corrective action (e.g., zero and/or span adjustments, analyzer response time, flow adjustment, data correction,
etc.) will be required by the operator if the audit results show non conformance with acceptable operation,
service and maintenance requirements. The corrective action must be recorded and reported to the ministry as
soon as practical to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices.

March 2008
Total Suspended Particulate (TSP)
POLLUTANT Total Suspended Particulate (TSP)

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/ambient/crit
eria/reference-equivalent-methods-list.pdf
Designated reference method
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/ambient/crit
eria/reference-equivalent-methods-list.pdf
40 CFR Part 50 Appendix B, Vol 47 & 48
A Guide To Air Filter (TSP and PM10)
Sampling and Submission, Ministry of the
Environment, May 2003
METHOD High Volume Sampler (hi-vol)

MANUFACTURERS OPERATING MANUAL unless otherwise stated. Sampler to operate every 6th day
on the standard North American schedule, unless an alternate schedule is warranted and has been approved by
the ministry. Samples to be collected over a 24-hour period from midnight to midnight (EST or CST as
determined by local usage).

Appropriate filter for parameters to be analyzed: 8" by 10" in size
Flow controller capable of maintaining a flow of 40 cfm ( 4 cfm) over 24 hours
Certified flow calibration device

At each filter changeover (every 6th day if on a
INTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK
6 day schedule)
DESCRIPTION:
Internal performance check is defined as a QA/QC procedure carried out within the sampler. Internal checks
are to be performed manually at each filter changeover. These checks are required to assess routine
instrument performance such as proper flow controller operation and confirmation of the correct time, date
and sampling date on the flow controller/timer, and to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting

March 2008
practices.
REQUIREMENT:
These checks include visual inspection of the sampler, a check of the flow controller to ensure that the
flow is being maintained (controller alters the motor speed to maintain a constant flow rate) and
confirmation of the correct time of day (EST or CST as determined by local usage), correct sampling day
and duration (24 hours). Periodically, a check should be performed of the P from the pressure tap on the
motor casing with a digital manometer to confirm that the P is in the expected range.
EXTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK AND Quarterly

CALIBRATION
DESCRIPTION:
External performance check and calibration is defined as a QA/QC procedure carried out by the operator
with a certified calibration unit.
REQUIREMENT:
An external performance check and flow calibration is to be carried out by the operator quarterly and before
(e.g., flow deviation of 5% or more of 40 cfm) the internal performance check shows that the flow is
greater than 10% of the required flow (40 cfm). The calibration must be done in accordance with the
procedures described in the reference documents, specifically the Ministry of the Environment Guide to Air
Filter (TSP and PM10) Sampling and Submission, May 2003. The results of the external performance check
and calibration must be recorded and the documentation must be available for inspection and/or submission
to the ministry to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices. The calibration equipment
must be certified against a reference or transfer standard traceable to recognized national primary standards.
AUDIT Twice per year

DESCRIPTION:
An audit will be performed by the ministry at least twice per year.
REQUIREMENT:
Corrective action (e.g., sampler repairs/cleaning, flow adjustment, data correction, etc.) will be required by
the operator if the audit results show non-conformance with acceptable operation, service and maintenance
requirements. The corrective action must be recorded and reported to the ministry as soon as practical to

March 2008
Inhalable Particulate (PM10) Discrete Samplers
POLLUTANT Inhalable Particulate Matter (PM10)

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/ambient/criteria
reference-equivalent-methods-list.pdf
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS http://www.epa.gov/EPA-AIR/1997/July/Day-
18/a18577c.htm
40 CFR Part 50 Vol 62 Appendix M
A Guide To Air Filter (TSP and PM10) Sampling
and Submission, Ministry of the Environment, May
2003
METHOD High Volume Sampler (hi-vol) equipped with size-
selective head for PM10

MANUFACTURERS OPERATING MANUAL unless otherwise mentioned. Sampler to operate every 6th
day on the standard North American schedule, unless an alternate schedule is warranted and has been
approved by the ministry. Samples to be collected over a 24-hour period from midnight to midnight in

Appropriate filter for parameters to be analyzed: 8" by 10" in size
Flow controller capable of maintaining a flow of 40 cfm ( 4 cfm) over 24-hours

INTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK At each filter changeover (every 6th day if on a 6
day schedule)
DESCRIPTION:
instrument performance such as proper flow controller operation and confirmation of the correct time, date
and sampling day on the flow controller/timer, and to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting
practices.
REQUIREMENT:

March 2008
These checks include visual inspection of the sampler, a check of the flow controller to ensure that the flow is
being maintained (controller slows down the motor rpm to maintain a slower rpm) and confirmation of the
correct time of day (EST or CST as determined by local usage), correct sampling day and duration (24 hours).
Periodically, a check should be performed of the P from pressure tap on the motor casing with a digital
manometer to confirm that the P is in the expected range.

CALIBRATION
DESCRIPTION:
External performance check and calibration is defined as a QA/QC procedure carried out by the operator with
a certified calibration unit.
REQUIREMENT:
An external performance check and calibration is to be carried out by the operator quarterly and before (e.g.,
flow deviation of 5% or more of 40 cfm) the internal performance check shows that the flow is greater than
10% of the required flow (40 cfm). The calibration must be done in accordance with the procedures
described in the reference documents, specifically the Ministry of the Environment Guide to Air Filter (TSP
and PM10) Sampling and Submission, May 2003. The results of the external performance check and
calibration must be recorded and the documentation must be available for inspection and/or submission to the
ministry to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices. The calibration equipment must be
certified against a reference or transfer standard traceable to recognized national primary standards.

DESCRIPTION:
An audit will be performed by the ministry at least twice per year. The calibration equipment will be verified
by the ministry at least once per year.
REQUIREMENT:
the operator if the audit results show non conformance with acceptable operation, service and maintenance

March 2008
Beta Attenuation Monitor (BAM) Model 1020 (PM10)
Met One Instruments, Inc.

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/ambient/criteria/ref
rence-equivalent-methods-list.pdf
EQPM-0798-122 (Aug. 1998)
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/cfr/recent/pm10des
pdf
http://www.epa.gov/epahome/cfr40.htm
40 CFR Part 53
40 CFR Part 50, Appendix J
Operating Manual, BAM-1020-9800
Rev E

Operation, service and maintenance of the analyzer should be in accordance with the instrument
manufacturers operation manual and with the applicable requirements specified in 40 CFR Parts 50 and 53.
Samplers to use a glass fiber filter tape with a minimum filter advance frequency of one hour (on the hour)
and operated for 24-hour mean measurements.
Note: The designated method requires that the system must be operated on a PM10 concentration range of 1.0
mg/m3 and a sample pump time of 50 minutes. The unit may also be operated with PM2.5 or TSP sampling
heads, but has not been certified as a manual equivalent method by the USEPA for monitoring those
components.

Glass fiber filter tape, 2.0 m pore size
Zero calibration kit (BX-302); flow calibration inlet adapter (BX-305)
Certified flow (e.g., BIOS, BX-307 or TriCal), temperature, barometric pressure and relative humidity
calibration devices.

INTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK At each filter paper tape changeover (every 2 months)
or preferably every month.

March 2008
DESCRIPTION:
Internal performance check is defined as a QA/QC procedure carried out within the sampler by the operator.
Internal checks are to be performed manually at each filter changeover or preferably every month. These
checks are required to assess routine instrument performance and to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and
reporting practices.
REQUIREMENT:
Internal performance checks are to be performed at every filter tape changeover (every 2 months) or
preferably every month. These checks include visual inspection of the sampler, a check of the main screen to
ensure that there are no error/status messages, that the current time/date, sampling mode, the default flow rate
of 16.7L/min are displayed correctly. In addition, data logger verification is recommended to ensure its
current concentration value is within 2 g/m3 of the concentration displayed by the BAM 1020 LCD.
EXTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK Audits (quarterly), calibration (once per year) or sooner
(AUDIT) AND CALIBRATION as needed
DESCRIPTION:
External performance check (audit) and calibration is defined as a QA/QC procedure carried out by the
operator with a certified calibration unit.
REQUIREMENT:
An audit of the flow (single point) is to be carried out by the operator at least every quarter, i.e., on a seasonal
basis (the BAM operation manual recommends a monthly inlet flow check). A complete calibration of the
ambient temperature, pressure and flow (single-point) must be done at least once per year in accordance with
the procedures described in the INSTRUMENT OPERATING MANUAL (the BAM operation manual
recommends a semi-annual interval). The results of the external performance check and calibration must be
recorded and the documentation must be available for inspection and/or submission to the ministry to ensure
adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices. The calibration equipment must be certified annually
against a reference or transfer standard traceable to recognized national primary standards.

DESCRIPTION:
An audit of the ambient temperature, barometric pressure and flow (all single point) will be performed by the
ministry at least twice per year.
REQUIREMENT:
requirements. The corrective action must be recorded and reported in writing to the ministry as soon as
practical to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices. A follow-up audit may be
performed by the ministry as a result of an audit failure.

March 2008
PQ100 Air Sampler (PM10)
BGI Incorporated
RFPS-1298-124 (Dec. 1998)
pdf
40 CFR 40 Part 53
40 CFR Part 50, Appendix J & L
Operating Manual, Oct. 2003, version 6.21

MANUFACTURERS OPERATING MANUAL and with the requirements and sample collection filters
specified in 40 CFR Part 50 Appendix J. Sampler to operate every 6th day on the standard North American
schedule, unless an alternate schedule is warranted and has been approved by the ministry. Samples to be
collected over a 24 hour period from midnight to midnight (EST or CST as determined by local usage).

Particulate Teflon filters, 47 mm diameter, 2.0 m pore size
Reusable filter cassettes
Certified flow calibration device (e.g., Delta Cal or TriCal)

INTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK At each filter changeover (every 6th day if on a 6 day
schedule)
DESCRIPTION:
instrument performance and to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices.

March 2008
REQUIREMENT:
Internal performance checks include visual inspection of the sampler, a check of the main idle display screen
to ensure that: there are no error messages; the current time/date, sample start and stop times/dates, the
selected target flow rate of 16.7 L/min and the correct 24-hour sample volume of 24 m3 for the previous run
are correct.
DESCRIPTION:
REQUIREMENT:
An audit of the flow (single point) is to be carried out by the operator quarterly. A calibration of the flow
(three-point) must be done at least once per year in accordance with the procedures described in the
INSTRUMENT OPERATING MANUAL. The results of the external performance check and calibration
must be recorded and the documentation must be available for inspection and/or submission to the ministry to
ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices. The calibration equipment must be certified
annually against a reference or transfer standard traceable to recognized national primary standards.

DESCRIPTION:
An audit of the flow (single point), will be performed by the ministry at least twice per year and could include
collocated sampling.
REQUIREMENT:

March 2008
PQ200 Air Sampler (PM10)
BGI Incorporated

RFPS-1298-125 (Dec. 1998
pdf
40 CFR Part 53
40 CFR Part 50, Appendix J,L and M
Operating Manual, July 2002, Rev. 1.77

specified in 40 CFR Part 50 Appendix J, L and M. Sampler to operate every 6th day on the standard North
American schedule, unless an alternate schedule is warranted and has been approved by the ministry.
Samples to be collected over a 24 hour period from midnight to midnight (EST).
Note: When configured as a PM10 sampler, the WINS impactor of the PQ200 is replaced by a straight
passage.

Reusable filter cassettes and single-filter tray; impermeable membrane for internal leak check
Certified flow calibration device (e.g., Delta Cal or TriCal), certified temperature and pressure calibrators

schedule)

March 2008
DESCRIPTION:
Internal checks are to be performed manually at each filter changeover. These checks are required to assess
routine instrument performance and to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices.
REQUIREMENT:
Internal performance checks are to be performed at every filter changeover. These checks include visual
inspection of the sampler, a check of the main screen to ensure that: there are no error/status messages, the
current time/date, sample start and stop times/dates, the default flow rate of 16.7 L/min and the correct 24-
hour sample volume of 24 m3 for the previous run are correct. In addition, an external leak check and an
internal leak check are to be performed monthly.
DESCRIPTION:
REQUIREMENT:
An audit of the ambient & filter temperature, ambient pressure and flow (single point) is to be carried out by
the operator every quarter. A calibration of the ambient & filter temperature, ambient pressure and flow
must be recorded and the documentation must be available for inspection and/or submission to the ministry to

DESCRIPTION:
An audit of the ambient & filter temperature, ambient pressure and flow (single point) will be performed by
the ministry at least twice per year.
REQUIREMENT:

March 2008
Tapered Element Oscillating Micro-Balance (TEOM)
Series 1400, 1400a and 1400ab (PM10)
Thermo Electron Corporation
(Formerly Rupprecht & Patashnick Co., Inc.)

USEPA DESIGNATED REFERENCE List of designated reference and equivalent methods most
AND EQUIVALENT METHOD recent version:
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/ambient/criteria/reference-
equivalent-methods-list.pdf
EQPM-1090-079 (Oct. 1990),
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/cfr/recent/pm10des.pdf
40 CFR Part 53
40 CFR Part 50, Appendix L
Operating Manual, R & P part no. 42-003347
Recommended Operating Procedures for the TEOM,
Environment Canada, Report No. AAQD98-4, March 1999.

Operation, service and maintenance of the analyzer should be in accordance with the instrument
manufacturers operation manual and with the applicable requirements specified in 40 CFR Parts 50 and 53.
The TEOM is to be operated at a temperature of 30 C (case, air and cap temperature) to minimize the
volatilization of semi-volatile particulates and in standard time (EST or CST as determined by local usage).
The particulate concentration range is 0-200 g/m3 (in the analog range).
Note: The TEOM may also be operated with a PM2.5 sample inlet but has yet to be designated as an
automated equivalent method by the USEPA for monitoring PM2.5. The series 1400ab has also not been
designated.

Teflon-coated glass fiber filter cartridges
Calibrated multimeter (3 digit)
Mass transducer calibration verification kit
Certified flow (e.g., BIOS, BX-307 or TriCal), temperature and ambient pressure calibration devices.

INTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK Daily (telemetered status indicators), at each filter
replacement

March 2008
DESCRIPTION:
Internal checks are to be performed manually as described below. These checks are required to assess routine
instrument performance and to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices.
REQUIREMENT:
Available status watch indicators will be monitored daily with a telemetered data acquisition system.
Corrective action is required when the instrument reports a status or alarm condition. This is required to
assess on-going instrument performance such as proper flow rates and filter cartridge loading. A leak check
should be performed at each filter change. The air sample inlet should also be cleaned at that time (this
frequency can be relaxed to every 6 months depending on the particulate concentration profile at the site).
Every 6 months, the large bypass in-line filters should be replaced and the air inlet system should be cleaned.
The flow controller filters should be replaced annually.
DESCRIPTION:
operator with a certified calibration unit (flow, temperature, barometric pressure.)
REQUIREMENT:
An audit of the flows (3.0 L/min for the main flow and 16.7 L/min for the main flow plus auxiliary flow), and
a leak check, are to be carried out by the operator at least every quarter, i.e., on a seasonal basis. A complete
calibration of the ambient temperature, pressure (depending on the sampler configuration) and flow (single-
point) must be done at least once per year in accordance with the procedures described in the INSTRUMENT
OPERATING MANUAL The results of the external performance check and calibration must be recorded
and the documentation must be available for inspection and/or submission to the ministry to ensure adherence
to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices. The calibration equipment must be certified annually against a
reference or transfer standard traceable to recognized national primary standards.
AUDIT Annual
DESCRIPTION:
An audit of the ambient temperature, ambient pressure, flow (single point), microbalance K value and a
leak check will be performed by the ministry at least annually.
REQUIREMENT:

March 2008
Partisol FRM Model 2000 PM-2.5 Air Sampler (PM2.5)
Thermo Electron Corporation
Formerly Rupprecht & Patashnick Co. Inc.
POLLUTANT Respirable Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/ambient/criteria/re
erence-equivalent-methods-list.pdf
RFPS-0498-117 (April 1998), and EQPM-0202-143
(Dec 2006),
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/cfr/recent/pm25de
.pdf
40 CFR Part 53
Operating Manual, April 2002, Rev. B

specified in 40 CFR Part 50 Appendix L. Sampler to operate every 6th day on the standard North American

Reusable filter cassettes and single-filter tray; leak check disk
Certified flow calibration device (e.g., Streamline Flow Transfer Standard or TriCal), certified temperature
and pressure calibrators

schedule)
DESCRIPTION:

March 2008
REQUIREMENT:
inspection of the sampler, a check of the main display screen to ensure that: there are no status codes, the
EXTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK Audits (quarterly), calibration (once per year) or

(AUDIT) AND CALIBRATION sooner as needed
DESCRIPTION:
REQUIREMENT:
(five-point) must be done at least once per year in accordance with the procedures described in the
must be recorded and the documentation must be available for inspection and/or submission to the ministry
to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices. The calibration equipment must be certified

DESCRIPTION:
the ministry at least twice per year. The audit could also include collocated sampling.
REQUIREMENT:

March 2008
PQ200 Air Sampler (PM2.5)
BGI Incorporated

RFPS-0498-116 (April 1998), and EQPM-0202-142
(Dec 2006),
.pdf
40 CFR 40 Part 53

specified in 40 CFR Part 50 Appendix L. Sampler to operate every 6th day on the standard North American


schedule)
DESCRIPTION:

March 2008
REQUIREMENT:
current time/date, sample start and stop times/dates, the default flow rate of 16.7L/min and the correct 24-

DESCRIPTION:
REQUIREMENT:

DESCRIPTION:
the ministry at least twice per year. The audit could also include collocated sampling.
REQUIREMENT:

March 2008
PQ200-VSCC or PQ200A-VSCC Air Sampler (PM2.5)
BGI Incorporated
EQPM-0202-142 (Feb. 2002)
.pdf
40 CFR Part 53
Very Sharp Cut Cyclone(VSCC) Supplemental
Manual (Appendix M).

specified in 40 CFR Part 50 Appendix J, L and M. Sampler to operate every 6th day on the standard North
American schedule, unless an alternate schedule is warranted and has been approved by the ministry.
Samples to be collected over a 24 hour period from midnight to midnight in standard time (EST or CST as
determined by local usage).
Note: The PQ200A-VSCC is a portable audit sampler.

Transport cases for the PQ200A

schedule)

March 2008
DESCRIPTION:
REQUIREMENT:

DESCRIPTION:
REQUIREMENT:

DESCRIPTION:
the ministry at least twice per year and could include collocated sampling.
REQUIREMENT:

March 2008
AEROCET 7350 Aerosol Monitor (PM1 TO TSP)
Met One Instruments, Inc.
POLLUTANT Particulate Matter Aerosols (PM1 to TSP)
USEPA DESIGNATED REFERENCE AND Not designated by USEPA as a reference or
EQUIVALENT METHOD equivalent method.
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS Operating Manual, AEROCET-7350-9800 Rev B.

The AeroCet 7350 operates in the mass mode (measurements in g/m3 for PM1, PM2.5, PM5, PM7, PM10 and
TSP), and in the particle count mode (counts/liter for the following ranges: >0.3, >1.0, >2.5, >5, >7 and >10
m). Operation, service and maintenance of the monitor should be in accordance with the INSTRUMENT
MANUFACTURERS OPERATING MANUAL. The monitor can be programmed for continuous operation
and for timed operation (e.g. 24 hours). The monitoring schedule will depend on the data collection
requirements and must be approved by the ministry prior to start-up of the monitoring program. The monitor
is to be operated on EST or CST (as determined by local usage) time.

Particulate filters, 47 mm diameter, 2.0 m pore size (typically PTFE Teflon or quartz depending upon
subsequent lab analysis)
Reusable 47 mm filter cartridges
Certified flow (e.g., BIOS Brand or TriCal), temperature and barometric pressure calibration devices

INTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK Monthly for normal particulate levels and
considerably shorter for sampling in highly
contaminated areas (e.g. forest fires)
DESCRIPTION:
are to be performed monthly or more often if the monitor is used in areas with elevated particulate levels.
These checks are required to assess routine instrument performance and to ensure adherence to ministry
QA/QC and reporting practices.
REQUIREMENT:
These checks include visual inspection of the sampler for particle contamination, a check of the main display
screens to ensure that: there are no error messages (alarm log); the current time/date, sampling schedule and
the selected target flow rate are correct. A leak check is also to be included on a monthly basis.


March 2008
DESCRIPTION:
REQUIREMENT:
An audit of the flow (three points) is to be carried out by the operator at least quarterly (the manufacturers
operation manual recommends monthly). A factory calibration of the flow must be done every two years.
The results of the external performance check and calibration must be recorded and the documentation must
be available for inspection and/or submission to the ministry to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and
reporting practices. The calibration equipment must be certified annually against a reference or transfer
standard traceable to recognized national primary standards.

DESCRIPTION:
An audit of the flow (single point), will be performed by the ministry at least twice per year.
REQUIREMENT:

March 2008
GRIMM Model 107 Ambient Dust Monitor (PM1, PM2.5, TSP10)
GRIMM Aerosol Technik GmbH & Co., KG
POLLUTANT Particulate Matter (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10)
USEPA DESIGNATED REFERENCE AND Not designated by USEPA as a reference or
EQUIVALENT METHOD equivalent method.
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS Operating Manual, ENVIROcheck Environmental
Dust Monitoring, May 2002

The GRIMM model 107 ambient dust monitor is a portable (or stationary) unit which simultaneously
measures PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in g/m3 and particle counts (particles/liter) for particle sizes
ranging from 0.25 to 32 m. The mass concentration measurement range is 0.1 to 1500 g/m3. Operation,
service and maintenance of the monitor should be in accordance with the INSTRUMENT
MANUFACTURERS OPERATING MANUAL. The monitor can be programmed for continuous operation
and for timed operation (e.g., 1 to 60 minute intervals between measurement sets). The monitoring schedule
will depend on the data collection requirements and must be approved by the ministry prior to start-up of the
monitoring program. The monitor is to be operated on EST or CST (as determined by local usage).

Particulate filters, 47 mm diameter, 2.0 m pore size (typically PTFE Teflon) depending upon subsequent
lab analysis)
Silica gel cartridges, computer cleaning tissue, compressed air

INTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK Monthly to every 3-6 months for normal particulate
levels and considerably shorter for sampling in highly
contaminated areas (e.g. forest fires, industrial sites)
DESCRIPTION:
are to be performed monthly to every 3-6 months, or more often if the monitor is used in areas with elevated
particulate levels. These checks are required to assess routine instrument performance and to ensure
adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices.

March 2008
REQUIREMENT:
Monthly checks include visual inspection of the sampler for particle contamination, a visual check of the
silica gel cartridge (for colour change) when the sampler is used in the weather housing, a check of the main
display screens to ensure that: there are no error messages (alarm log); the current time/date, sampling
schedule and the selected target flow rate are correct. Semi-annual maintenance includes cleaning the
ventilation system of the weather housing (changing the inlet filter) and cleaning the ambient air inlet port.
The 47 mm PTFE filter, used to check the C-factor of the monitor, should be changed when the theoretical
particulate mass on the filter reaches 20 mg (about every 3 months for normal environmental monitoring
activity) or more often in high dust locations.
EXTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK Audits (quarterly), calibration (every 18 to 24 months)

(AUDIT) AND CALIBRATION or sooner as needed
DESCRIPTION:
External performance check and calibration is defined as a QA/QC procedure carried out with a certified
calibration unit.
REQUIREMENT:
The sampler is required to be factory calibrated by the manufacturer, or by an authorized firm capable of
providing this service, every 18 to 24 months. The results of the external performance check and calibration
to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices.
AUDIT Annual
DESCRIPTION:
An audit (collocated sampling) of the sampling system will be performed by the ministry at least twice per
year.
REQUIREMENT:
Corrective action (e.g., sampler repairs/cleaning, data correction, etc.) will be required by the operator if the
audit results show non conformance with acceptable operation, service and maintenance requirements. The
corrective action must be recorded and reported in writing to the ministry as soon as practical to ensure
adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices. A follow-up audit may be performed by the ministry
as a result of an audit failure.

March 2008
Total Dustfall
POLLUTANT Total Dustfall

USEPA DESIGNATED REFERENCE AND Not designated by USEPA
EQUIVALENT METHOD
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ASTM Method D 1739-98, 1998. Standard Method
for the Collection and Analysis of Settleable
Particulate, ASTM Part 26, p. 340
The Determination of Total Dustfall in Air
Emissions by Gravimetry, Ministry of the
Environment Laboratory Services Branch, Quality
Management Office, Method Catalogue Code DF-
E3043A, September 8, 1995
METHOD Standard Plastic Dustfall Jars with 4 mil
Polyethylene Liners and Exposed Without the
Addition of Water or Ethylene Glycol

Operation, service and maintenance of the sampler should be in accordance with the instructions in the
documents referenced above, and the ministrys Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario,
unless otherwise stated. Sampler should be set out for 30 day periods, preferably within a few days of the
beginning of a month, unless an alternate schedule is warranted and has been approved by the ministry.
Rainwater/snow collected in the jar must be kept in the plastic liner and submitted to the lab as part of the
sample

Appropriate collar bracket and jar picker to minimize/eliminate use of ladders
Suitable rugged containers for shipment of samples to the lab
QA/QC REQUIREMENT
INTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK At sample changeovers (every 30 days)
DESCRIPTION:
Internal performance check is defined as a QA/QC procedure carried out with the sampler. Internal checks
are to be performed at each sample changeover and are required to assess routine sampler performance.

March 2008
REQUIREMENT:
Sample changeover should be as close as possible to the beginning of a month. The exposure period should
be 30 days ( 5 days). These checks include: visual inspection of the sampler to ensure the integrity of the
plastic jar and polyethylene liner, a visual inspection of the sample to determine the possible presence of
interfering materials ( e.g., significant algae growth) which could invalidate the sample, confirmation of the
on and off sample collection dates and the correct exposure month.
EXTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK Twice per year

DESCRIPTION:
For this type of sampling activity, an external performance check is defined as a QA/QC procedure carried
out by the operator to ensure that the site is continuing to meet the overall monitoring objectives.
REQUIREMENT:
An external performance check is to be carried out by the operator at least twice per year and/or when the
internal performance check shows that the site may no longer be suitable for meeting overall monitoring
program objectives. This includes non compliance with siting criteria, unacceptable sampling interferences
from nearby air emission sources due to new point sources and/or nearby land use changes. The results of
the external performance check must be recorded and the documentation must be available for inspection
and/or submission to the ministry.
AUDIT Once per year

DESCRIPTION:
An audit will be performed by the ministry at least once per year.
REQUIREMENT:
Corrective action (e.g., sampler repairs, sampler relocation, data correction, etc.) will be required by the
operator if the audit results show non conformance with acceptable operation, service and maintenance

March 2008
Fluoridation Rate
POLLUTANT Hydrogen Fluoride

USEPA DESIGNATED REFERENCE AND Not designated by USEPA
EQUIVALENT METHOD
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ASTM Method D 3269-96 (2001) e1. Standard
Test Method for Analysis for Fluoride Content
of the Atmosphere and Plant Tissues
Ministry RECOMMENDED METHOD Lime candle

Operation, service and maintenance of the sampler should be in accordance with the instructions in the
document referenced above and in the ministrys Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario,
unless otherwise mentioned. Sampler should be set out for 30 day periods, preferably within a few days of
the beginning of a month, unless an alternate schedule is warranted and has been approved by the ministry.
Suitable containers (with proper seals) for shipment of samples to/from the lab
Suitable louvered shelter to house the lime candle
QA/QC REQUIREMENT
INTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK At each sample changeover (every 30days)

DESCRIPTION:
Internal performance check is defined as a QA/QC procedure carried out with the sampler. Internal checks
are to be performed at each sample changeover and are required to assess routine sampler performance.
REQUIREMENT:
Internal performance checks are to be performed at every sample changeover which is to be as close as
possible to the beginning of a month. The exposure period should be 30 days ( 5 days). These checks
include: visual inspection of the container used to ship the candle from the lab to ensure it has not been
opened prior to candle being exposed in the field; visual inspection of the candle to ensure its integrity;
inspection of the shelter for signs of vandalism/tampering to ensure candle was not directly exposed to the
elements; check for good air flow through the louvers (no obstructions); confirmation of the on and off
sample collection dates to meet the exposure period requirement and the correct exposure month.

March 2008
EXTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK Twice per year
DESCRIPTION:
For this type of sampling activity, an external performance check is defined as a QA/QC procedure carried
out by the operator to ensure that the site is continuing to meet the overall monitoring objectives.
REQUIREMENT:
An external performance check is to be carried out by the operator at least twice per year and/or when the
internal performance check shows that the site may no longer be suitable for meeting overall monitoring
program objectives. This includes non compliance with siting criteria, unacceptable sampling interferences
from nearby air emission sources due to new point sources and/or nearby land use changes. The results of
the external performance check must be recorded and the documentation must be available for inspection
and/or submission to the ministry.
AUDIT Once per year

DESCRIPTION:
An audit will be performed by the ministry at least once per year and could include collocated sampling.
REQUIREMENT:
Corrective action (e.g., sampler repairs, sampler relocation, data correction, etc.) will be required by the

March 2008
Volatile Organic Compounds Absorbent Cartridge (VOCs)
POLLUTANT Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

USEPA DESIGNATED REFERENCE AND Not designated
EQUIVALENT METHOD
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/airtox.html
USEPA Report EPA/625/R-96/010b,
USEPA Method TO-17
ASTM Method D6196-97, Vol. 11.03
Ministry of the Environment Laboratory Services
Branch Method E3314, June 28, 2002
MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT Determination of VOCs in Ambient Air Using
RECOMMENDED METHOD Three-Phase Adsorbent Cartridges Followed by
Thermal Desorption and GC-MS analysis

Operation, service and maintenance of the sampler should be in accordance with the INSTRUMENT
MANUFACTURERS OPERATING MANUAL unless otherwise mentioned. Data to be collected in

Solid Sorbent Tube (glass or stainless steel) 6 mm O.D. packed with greater than 200 mg of solid
adsorbent material (Supelco Carbotrap 300)
Flow controller capable of maintaining a flow of 2.5 cm3/min. ( 0.25 cm3/min) over 24 hours
Ice cooler to hold exposed cartridges between 2C and 10C during shipment to lab

INTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK every 12 days (or alternate schedule) during sample
changeover
DESCRIPTION:
Internal performance check is defined as a QA/QC procedure carried out within the sampler. Internal
checks are to be performed manually during sample collection. These checks are required to assess
instrument performance such as proper flow controller operation and confirmation of the correct time,
date and sampling date on the flow controller/timer to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC requirements
and reporting practices.

March 2008
REQUIREMENT:
Internal performance checks are to be performed during every sample changeover. These checks include
visual observation of the sampler, a check of the flow controller to ensure the correct time and date and a
check of the voltage output (if applicable) to ensure that the proper flow rate of 2.5 cm3/min ( 0.25
cm3/min) is being maintained.

CALIBRATION
DESCRIPTION:
REQUIREMENT:
An external performance check and calibration is to be carried out by the operator quarterly and before
(e.g., flow deviation of 5% or more of 2.5 cm3/min) the internal performance check shows that the flow
is greater than 10% of the required flow (2.5 cm3/min). The calibration must be done in accordance with
the procedures described in the USEPA reference documents. The results of the external performance
check and calibration must be recorded and the documentation must be available for inspection and/or
submission to the ministry to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices. The
calibration equipment must be certified annually against a reference or transfer standard traceable to
recognized national primary standards.

DESCRIPTION:
An audit will be performed by the ministry at least twice per year. And could include collocated
sampling.
REQUIREMENT:
Corrective action (e.g., sampler repairs, flow adjustment, data correction, etc.) will be required by the

March 2008
Volatile Organic Compounds Evacuated Canister (VOCs)
POLLUTANT Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
USEPA DESIGNATED REFERENCE AND

EQUIVALENT METHOD Not designated

USEPA Method TO-15
ASTM Method D5466-01 Standard Test Method for
the Determination of VOCs (Canister Sampling
Method)
Environment Canada SOP for Passive Canister
Sampling Passive FCSOP05
SAMPLING METHOD Determination of VOCs in Air Collected in
Specially-Prepared Canisters and Analyzed by GC-
MS

MANUFACTURER OPERATING MANUAL unless otherwise mentioned. Data to be collected in

Flow controller capable of maintaining a flow of 3.5 mL/min. over 24 hours
Stainless steel vacuum gauge capable of measuring 0.05 mm Hg
Crescent wrench
Inlet line (stainless steel tubing ID or 1/8 ID
Sintered stainless steel in-line filter (2 micron pore size)

INTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK every 12 days during sample collection
DESCRIPTION:
Internal performance check is defined as a QA/QC procedure carried out within the sampler. Internal
checks are to be performed manually during sample collection. These checks are required to assess
sampler performance such as proper flow controller operation to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC
requirements and reporting practices

March 2008
REQUIREMENT:
The checks include visual observation of the sampler to ensure that it is not damaged (valve opens/closes
properly), vacuum gauge is functional and flow controller is properly installed on top of the canister
valve. Sampling system must be leak free. Initial vacuum should be about -29 inches of Hg and the final
vacuum should be between -5 to -10 inches of Hg.
EXTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK AND Twice per year

CALIBRATION
DESCRIPTION:
External performance check and calibration is defined as a QA/QC procedure carried out with a certified
calibration unit.
REQUIREMENT:
An external performance check and calibration of the vacuum gauge and flow controller is to be carried
out twice per year. The calibration must be done in accordance with the procedures described in the
USEPA reference documents. The results of the external performance check and calibration must be
recorded and the documentation must be available for inspection and/or submission to the ministry to

DESCRIPTION:
An audit will be performed by the ministry at least twice per year and could include collocated sampling.
REQUIREMENT:
Corrective action (e.g., sampler repairs, flow adjustment, data correction, etc.) will be required by the

March 2008
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Filter (PAHs)
Non-Volatile Fraction
POLLUTANT Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Three

Member Rings & Up
USEPA DESIGNATED REFERENCE Not designated
AND EQUIVALENT METHOD
USEPA Report EPA/625/R-96/010/b, USEPA Method TO-13A
ASTM Method D6209-98, Vol. 11.03
Ministry of the Environment Laboratory Services Branch, Method
PAHAIR/APSD- E3124 (Oct. 2006)
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ambient Air - Standard
Operating Procedure and Technical Manual, Ministry of the
Environment, Air Resources Branch, 1992
A Guide to Air Filter (TSP and PM10) Sampling and Submission,
Ministry of the Environment, May 2003.
METHOD Determination of PAHs in Ambient Air Using the hi-vol Method
With Teflon-coated Glass Fiber Filter (without sorbent cartridge)
with Subsequent Quantitative GC/MS Detection

Operation, service and maintenance of the analyzer should in accordance with the INSTRUMENT
MANUFACTURERS OPERATING MANUAL unless otherwise mentioned. Sampler to operate every 12th
day based on the standard North American schedule, unless an alternate schedule is warranted and has been
approved by the ministry. Air samples (~610 m3) to be collected over a 24-hour period from midnight to
midnight in standard time (EST or CST as determined by local usage).

Flow controller capable of maintaining a flow of about 15 cfm ( 1.5 cfm) over 24 hours
Teflon-coated glass fibre filter (or quartz filter??) 8" by 10" in size
Ice chest to hold samples at 4C for shipment to the lab after collection
Aluminum foil to ship exposed filters to the lab
Refrigerator to keep exposed filters cool (4C) before analysis

March 2008
INTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK every 12 days (or alternate schedule) during
sample changeover
DESCRIPTION:
are to be performed manually at each filter changeover. These checks are required to assess instrument
performance such as proper flow controller operation and confirmation of the correct time, date and sampling
date on the flow controller/timer and to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC requirements and reporting
practices.
REQUIREMENT:

CALIBRATION
DESCRIPTION:
REQUIREMENT:
An external performance check and calibration is to be carried out by the operator at least quarterly and
before (e.g., flow deviation of 5% or more of 15 cfm) the internal performance check shows that the flow is
procedures described in the reference documents, specifically the Ministry of the Environment Guide to Air
Filter (TSP and PM10) Sampling and Submission, May 2003. The results of the external performance check
and calibration must be recorded and the documentation must be available for inspection and/or submission to
certified annually against a reference or transfer standard traceable to recognized national primary standards.
AUDIT Two Times per year

DESCRIPTION:
An audit will be performed by the ministry at least twice per year. The ministry may also audit the PAH
sampling program by performing collocated monitoring.
REQUIREMENT:
ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices

March 2008
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Filter & PUF Cartridge (PAHs)
VOLATILE & NON-VOLATILE FRACTIONS
POLLUTANT Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Three Member Rings & Up
USEPA DESIGNATED REFERENCE AND Not designated as a reference or equivalent
EQUIVALENT METHOD method
USEPA Report EPA/625/R-96/010/b, USEPA
Method TO-13A
ASTM Method D6209-98 (2004), Vol. 11.07
A Guide to Air Filter (TSP and PM10) Sampling
and Submission, Ministry of the Environment,
May 2003.
METHOD Determination of PAHs in Ambient Air Using the
hi-vol Method With Teflon-coated Glass Fiber
Filter and Sorbent Cartridge; Quantitative GC/MS
Detection

MANUFACTURERS OPERATING MANUAL unless otherwise mentioned. Sampler top operate every
12th day based on the standard North American schedule, unless an alternate schedule is warranted and has
been approved by the ministry. Air samples (>300 m3) to be collected over a 24-hour period from midnight
to midnight in standard time (EST or CST as determined by local usage).

Modified hi-vol with flow controller capable of maintaining a flow of about 8 cfm ( 0.8 cfm) over 24 hours
Teflon-coated glass fibre filter (or quartz filter) 8" by 10" in size
PUF or XAD-2 resin cartridge (see note 1 below)
PUF absorbent cartridge assembly and shipping container (Al canister)
Ice chest to hold samples at 4C for shipment to the lab after collection
Aluminum foil to ship exposed filters to the lab
Refrigerator to keep exposed filters in the dark and cool (4C)

March 2008
DESCRIPTION:
are to be performed manually at each filter changeover. These checks are required to assess instrument
performance and to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC requirements and reporting practices.
REQUIREMENT:
Internal performance checks are to be performed during every filter changeover. These checks include: visual
observation of the sampler, a check of the flow controller to ensure that the flow is being maintained
(controller slows down the motor rpm to maintain a slower rpm) and confirmation of the correct time of day
(EST or CST as determined by local usage), correct sampling day and duration (24 hours).
EXTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK AND Every quarter

CALIBRATION
DESCRIPTION:
REQUIREMENT:
An external performance check and calibration is to be carried out by the operator quarterly, or sooner if the
internal performance check shows that the flow controller does not appear to be functioning properly or the
P is not in the expected range. The calibration must be done in accordance with the procedures described in
the reference documents, specifically the Ministry of the Environment Guide to Air filter (TSP and PM10)
Sampling and Submission, May 2003. The results of the external performance check and calibration must be
recorded and the documentation must be available for inspection and/or submission to ministry to ensure
adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices. The calibration equipment must be certified annually
against a reference or transfer standard traceable to recognized national primary standards.

DESCRIPTION:
REQUIREMENT:

March 2008
Dioxins and Furans (PCDD/PCDF)
POLLUTANT Dioxins and Furans

EQUIVALENT METHOD
USEPA Method TO-9A, Jan 1999
Environment Canada Method 1/RM/19 and CEN-EN
1948 for PCDD/PCDFs
Ministry of the Environment, Laboratory Services
Branch, Method E3418, Jan. 2003
METHOD Determination of DIOXINS AND FURANS in Air
Using Teflon-coated Glass Fibre Filter and
Polyurethane (PUF) Plug, Followed by Soxhlet
Extraction with Toluene and GC/MS

MANUFACTURES OPERATING MANUAL unless otherwise mentioned. Data to be collected in standard
time (EST or CST as determined by local usage).

Polyurethane Foam (PUF) Plug of solid adsorbent material.
Flow controller capable of maintaining a flow of 8 cfm ( 0.8 cfm) over 24 hours.
Dry gas meter to monitor total volume of ambient air sampled.
Ice cooler to hold samples at 4C or cooler during shipment to laboratory
Teflon-coated glass fibre filter 8" by 10" in size
Aluminum foil to wrap exposed filter for shipment to lab

INTERNAL AUDIT CHECK every 12 days (or alternate schedule) during sample
changeover

March 2008
DESCRIPTION:
are to be performed manually at each sample changeover. These checks are required to assess instrument
performance such as proper flow controller operation and confirmation of the correct time, date and sampling
date on the flow controller/timer and to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC requirements and reporting
practices.
REQUIREMENT:

CALIBRATION
DESCRIPTION:
REQUIREMENT:
An external performance check and calibration is to be carried out by the operator at least quarterly and
before (e.g., flow deviation of 5% or more of 8 cfm) the internal performance check shows that the flow is
8procedures described in the USEPA reference documents. The results of the external performance check
and calibration must be recorded and the documentation must be available for inspection and/or submission to
certified against a reference or transfer standard traceable to recognized national primary standards.

DESCRIPTION:
REQUIREMENT:
requirements. The corrective action must be recorded and reported as soon as practical to the ministry to

March 2008
Wind Speed and Direction
POLLUTANT Wind Speed and Direction

USEPA DESIGNATED Not designated
REFERENCE AND
EQUIVALENT METHOD
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS http://www.epa.gov/scram001/guidance/met/mmgrma.pdf
USEPA report EPA-454/R-99-005
METHOD Determination of wind speed by (cup or propeller) anemometer and
wind direction by bi-directional wind vanes. Units with no moving
parts (ultrasonic, solid state methods) have not been commonly used
for routine monitoring but can be considered after a proper
evaluation.

Operation, service and maintenance of the anemometer and wind vanes should in accordance with the
INSTRUMENT MANUFACTURERS OPERATING MANUAL unless otherwise mentioned
ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT
Recommend a spare anemometer as a preventative maintenance measure

DESCRIPTION:
In this application, an internal performance check is defined as a QA/QC procedure carried out by inspecting
the wind speed and direction data once per day. These checks are required to remotely assess, in a qualitative
sense, performance of the wind speed and direction data measurement and collection system and to ensure
adherence to ministry QA/QC requirements and reporting practices

March 2008
REQUIREMENT:
Wind speed and direction data are to be inspected daily to check for extreme values (e.g., unusually high/low
wind speeds, constant wind directions for sustained periods, etc.), or for values which do not appear to agree
with forecasted or observed wind conditions. The results of these data checks could suggest
anemometer/wind vane failure (damaged anemometer, worn out bearings, missing cups, frozen wind vane,
etc.). Some specific data screening criteria are presented in Table 8-4 of the USEPA report EPA-454/R-99-
005. The results of these checks which could suggest system/equipment problems should be acted on as
required and documented for data validation purposes.
EXTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK AND Monthly (first level inspection) and at least
CALIBRATION once a year (second level inspection)
DESCRIPTION:
In this application, an external performance check and calibration is defined as a QA/QC procedure carried
out by the operator, such as physical inspections of the equipment (monthly), or calibration checks (once per
year or as recommended by the manufacturer, whichever comes first). It is highly recommended to change
the anemometer every year to prevent failure due to bearing ware.
REQUIREMENT:
The first level of inspection is visual (anemometer and vane can be looked at directly or through
binoculars/telescope to check for physical damage or signs of erratic behavior). The second level of
inspection is a hands on check which requires removal of the anemometer/wind vane from the tower/mast
for further testing/calibration (e.g., bearings replacement, calibration test). Conservatively, operators should
not wait for failures and as part of a preventative maintenance program and it is recommended that they have
a spare unit on hand and consider replacing/refurbishing the active unit annually. The calibration equipment
must be certified against a reference or equivalent standard, and traceable to recognized national primary
standards.
The results of the external performance check/calibration must be recorded and the documentation available
for inspection and/or submission to ministry to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices.
AUDIT Annually or bi-annually

DESCRIPTION:
An audit will be performed by the ministry every one to two years.
REQUIREMENT:
Corrective action (e.g., anemometer and/or wind vane repairs/ replacement, data correction, etc.) will be
required by the operator if the audit results show non conformance with acceptable operation, service and
maintenance requirements. The corrective action must be recorded and reported to the ministry as soon as
practical to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices.

March 2008
Ambient Temperature
POLLUTANT Ambient Temperature

USEPA DESIGNATED REFERENCE
Not designated
AND EQUIVALENT METHOD
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS http://www.epa.gov/scram001/guidance/met/mmgrma.pdf
METHOD Resistance change thermometer sensor such as a platinum or
copper resistance temperature detector (RTD), housed in a
motor aspirated solar radiation shield.

INSTRUMENT MANUFACTURERS OPERATING MANUAL unless otherwise mentioned. Data to be
collected in standard time (EST or CST as determined by local usage).
Airflow warning device in solar radiation shield
Calibrated DVM with proper input impedance
Reference temperature sensor accurate to about 1C

DESCRIPTION:
In this application, an internal performance check is defined as a QA/QC procedure carried out by
inspecting the temperature data once per day. These checks are required to remotely assess, in a
qualitative sense, performance of the ambient temperature data measurement and collection system and to
ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC requirements and reporting practices.

March 2008
REQUIREMENT:
Ambient temperature data are to be inspected daily to check for extreme values (e.g., unusually high/low
values, constant temperature readings for sustained periods, sudden and unexpected temperature changes
over a short time period, etc.), or for values which do not appear to agree with forecasted or observed
temperature conditions. The results of these data checks could suggest equipment failure (faulty temperature
sensor, failure of airflow aspiration system, etc.). Some specific data screening criteria are presented in
Table 8-4 of the USEPA report EPA-454/R-99-005. The results of these checks which could suggest
system/equipment problems should be acted on as required and documented for data validation purposes.
EXTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK AND Monthly (first level inspection) and at least
CALIBRATION once a year (second level inspection)
DESCRIPTION:
year or as recommended by the manufacturer, whichever comes first).
REQUIREMENT:
The first level of inspection is visual (solar radiation shield can be looked at directly or through
binoculars/telescope to check for physical damage or cleanliness no air flow restrictions, sound of
aspiration motor, etc.) The second level of inspection is a hands on check which requires removal of the
temperature sensor from the tower/mast for further testing/calibration (e.g., replacement/repair of the
aspiration motor, calibration testing of the temperature sensor according to the manufacturers recommended
procedures). Conservatively, operators should not wait for failures and as part of a preventative maintenance
program it is recommended that they have a spare aspiration motor/fan on hand and replace/refurbish the
active unit as recommended by the manufacturer, or at least once every 2 years. The calibration equipment
must be certified against a reference or equivalent standard, and traceable to recognized national primary
standards.
for inspection and/or submission to the ministry to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting
practices.

DESCRIPTION:
REQUIREMENT:
Corrective action (e.g., anemometer and/or wind vane repairs/ replacement, data correction, etc.) will be
required by the operator if the audit results show non conformance with acceptable operation, service and
maintenance requirements. The corrective action must be recorded and reported to the ministry as soon as
practical to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting practices.

March 2008
Solar Radiation
POLLUTANT Ambient Temperature
EQUIVALENT METHOD
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS http://www.epa.gov/scram001/guidance/met/mm
grma.pdf
METHOD Depending on the application, either a net
radiometer or a first/second class pyranometers
with WMO specifications

INSTRUMENT MANUFACTURERS OPERATING MANUAL unless otherwise mentioned. Data to be
collected in standard time (EST or CST as determined by local usage).
Electrical light bulb (100 watts or similar)
Calibrated DVM with proper input impedance
Complete opaque cover (for 0 check)

DESCRIPTION:
In this application, an internal performance check is defined as a QA/QC procedure carried out by
inspecting the solar radiation data once per day. These checks are required to remotely assess, in a
qualitative sense, performance of the radiation data measurement and collection system and to ensure
adherence to ministry QA/QC requirements and reporting practices.

March 2008
REQUIREMENT:
Solar radiation data are to be inspected daily to check for extreme values (e.g., unusually high/low values,
constant temperature readings for sustained periods, sudden and unexpected changes over a short time
period, radiation readings >0 at night, etc.), or for values which do not appear to agree with the maximum
possible value for the date and latitude. The results of these data checks could suggest equipment failure
(faulty sensor, electrical signal processing problems, etc.). Some specific data screening criteria are
presented in Table 8-4 of the USEPA report EPA-454/R-99-005. The results of these checks which could
suggest system/equipment problems should be acted on as required and documented for data validation
purposes.
EXTERNAL PERFORMANCE CHECK AND Monthly (first level inspection) and at least once
CALIBRATION a year (second level inspection)
DESCRIPTION:
year or as recommended by the manufacturer, whichever comes first).
REQUIREMENT:
The first level of inspection is visual: solar radiation sensor should be checked for physical damage/integrity
(scratches or cracks on surfaces of the hemisphere), for cleanliness (optical hemispheres should be cleaned
frequently with a soft lint-free cloth) and for any discoloration/deformation of the detectors. This level of
inspection should also include confirmation that the site is maintaining acceptable siting criteria so that the
radiation data is not adversely affected by nearby objects or surfaces. The second level of inspection is a
hands on check which requires removal of the solar radiation sensor from the field for further testing and
possible zero adjustment/calibration (e.g., calibration/testing according to the manufacturers recommended
procedures). Conservatively, operators should not wait for failures and as part of a preventative maintenance
program it is recommended that they have a spare sensor on hand and replace/refurbish the active unit as
recommended by the manufacturer, or at least once every 2 years. The calibration equipment must be
certified against a reference or equivalent standard, and traceable to recognized national primary standards.
for inspection and/or submission to the ministry to ensure adherence to ministry QA/QC and reporting
practices.

DESCRIPTION:
REQUIREMENT:
Corrective action (e.g., sensor replacement, data correction, etc.) will be required by the operator if the audit
results show non conformance with acceptable operation, service and maintenance requirements. The
corrective action must be recorded and reported to the ministry as soon as practical to ensure adherence to
ministry QA/QC and reporting practices.

March 2008
Appendices

March 2008
Appendix 1: Sample Pollutant Log

March 2008
Pollutant Log
Pollutant Page No.
Station No. Location Month Year
Instrument Make Instrument Serial No. Range ppb
Date
Time
Initials
Logger Zero Response (ppb)
Zero Response (Volts)
Logger Zero Reset (ppb)
Internal Source/Span Value (ppb)
Logger Span Response (ppb)
Span Response (Volts)
Logger Span Reset (ppb)
Zero Pot Setting II BKG (ppb)
Span Pot setting // COEF
Sample Flow (L/min)
Pressure (mm Hg)
Lamp Voltage (Volts)
Lamp Intensity (Hz)
PMT (Volts)
Mode T1 REF% // Internal (C)
Mode T2 HV% // Chamber (C)
Mode T3 CHOP% // Perm. Gas (C)
Inlet Filter Replaced
Repairs I Audits I Comments

March 2008
Appendix 2: List of Activities to be performed during Station
Visits
One of the main purposes of monitoring station visits is to verify the proper operation of the
monitoring equipment and of data acquisition systems to ensure the collection of valid and
complete data. A second important purpose is to verify the continued safe and secure
environment at the station. Diagnostic tests, which can be performed remotely on various
monitoring equipment and station parameters, complement the station visit verification.
Station visits should be documented in the site logbook. The following is a list of
recommended activities to be performed at the station:
Examine the external station conditions including the inlet probe for damage or
blockage. Periodically review the station characteristics for any change or
modification to the station to ensure that siting criteria continue to be met.
Examine the manifold, if applicable, the transfer lines (or inlet line) and the inlet filters
for dirt build-up and replace the filter or clean the lines as required. Examine the seals
in the sampling system, the scrubbing and drying agents, and replace as required.
Perform zero and span verifications on the analyzers at least monthly. Record the
values and note abnormal deviations. All adjustments need to be documented.
Perform preventative maintenance as prescribed in the instrumentation operations and

maintenance manuals.
Check the heating/cooling system to ensure that the station temperature is maintained
in the required temperature range.
Ensure that the analyzers are in the sample mode before exiting the shelter.
Ensure that the shelter door and gate (if applicable) are locked upon leaving the station.

March 2008
Appendix 3: Guidance for Electronically Submitting Validated
Data
The ministry requires electronic submission of raw and edited emitter data on a quarterly basis.
This data will then be uploaded into a database. Prior to the first submission of data, the
ministry requires that Table 7 be submitted along with a sample of the data to confirm the
format in which the data will be received so that the ministry can initialize and test the industry
station in the database.
The first column will always contain the date and the second column time. It is important that
the format be identical each quarter. Data is to be submitted as a time series, not as a monthly
matrix. Acceptable data formats include Excel, CSV (comma separated values), or Enview.
Each quarter the submission must include a separate file for each month and the files must
contain data ordered from oldest to newest, e.g., Jan 01/07 0:00 to Jan 31/07 23:00. Examples
of acceptable formats are provided in Figures 1 and 2.
If the emitter makes any changes (including service pack installation and upgrades) to their
systems after the initial acceptance of their data format by the ministry, the emitter should
verify that the formats have not changed. If the data is no longer importable into the ministrys
database, the ministry will provide guidance about the problems and the emitter may be asked
to resubmit the data.

March 2008
Table 7: Station Registration Template
Industry Name
Station Number
Station Name
Station Address/Location
Operator Contact (Name, Phone, Email)
Industry Contact (Name, Phone, Email)
Time Resolution (e.g., 5 min, 0.5 hr, 1 hr)
Start date and time of dataset
Date Format (e.g., dd/mm/yy)
End date and time of dataset

Instrument
Parameter 1 Units
range
Instrument
Parameter 2 Units
range
Instrument
Parameter 3 Units
range
Instrument
Parameter 4 Units
range
Instrument
Parameter 5 Units
range
Instrument
Parameter 6 Units
range
Instrument
Parameter 7 Units
range
Instrument
Parameter 8 Units
range
Instrument
Parameter 9 Units
range

March 2008
Table 8: Excel Data Submission
A B C D E F G
Wind Wind
Date Time TRS PM2.5 Temp Speed Direction
04/01/2006 1:00 -0.031 3.5 0.02 14.4 8
04/01/2006 1:30 -0.026 3.967 -0.148 15.067 4.2
04/01/2006 2:00 0.004 3.8 -0.114 11.467 6.6
04/01/2006 2:30 0.006 3.267 -0.249 10.533 12.9
04/01/2006 3:00 -0.002 6.867 -0.484 9.133 11.3
04/01/2006 3:30 -0.019 1.833 -0.517 5.467 10.4
04/01/2006 4:00 -0.002 5.55 -0.585 3.4 342.8
Table 9: CSV Data Submission
Date,Time,TRS,STEM,TRST
05/29/2007,00:00,1,24,913
05/29/2007,00:30,1,24,913
05/29/2007,01:00,1,23,913
05/29/2007,01:30,No Data,No Data,No Data
05/29/2007,02:00,1,24,913
05/29/2007,02:30,1,23,913
05/29/2007,03:00,1,24,913

March 2008
Table 10: Sample of Non-Continuous Data Format for Submission
City Street Monitoring Results for TSP and Metals (September 2007)
(results expressed in g/m3)
Date TSP As Cd Cr Co Cu Fe Pb Ni Se V Zn SO4
September 3, 2007
September 6, 2007
September 9, 2007
September 12, 2007
September 15, 2007
September 18, 2007
September 21, 2007
September 24, 2007
September 27, 2007
September 30, 2007
Arithmetic mean
Max. concentration
Min. concentration
Standard*
No. > Sch. 3 value*
AAQC
No. > AAQC
No. of valid samples
Detection limit
Half detection limit
% valid data
Notes:
All non detectable results were reported as 1/2 the detection limit
*
O. Reg.419/05 schedule 3, 24-hour standard

March 2008
Appendix 4: Sample Edit Log Table

March 2008
Table 11: Sample Edit Log Table
Emitters name: Greensmiths Mine and Smelter
Contact Name: Will Jones Phone: (613) 622-7183 Email: Will.Jones@Greensmiths.com
Station number: 44312 Station Name: Smelter Lane
Station address: 36 Smelter Lane, Deep River, ON Emitter address: 1 Park Lane, Deep River ON S4N6R4
Pollutant or parameter: SO2 Instrument make & model: Teco 43c s/n: 6123
Data edit period Start date: 01 January 2007 End date: 31 March 2007 EST CST (Stations in Northwest only)
Edit # Edit date Editors Edit Action Starting Ending Reason

name
Date Hour Date Hour
(dd/mon/year) (xx:xx) (dd/mon/year) (xx:xx)
1 11-Mar-06 Will Jones Add Offset 1 ppb 12/Feb/2007 21:00 19/Feb/2007 23:00 Drift
2 11-Mar-06 Will Jones Delete Hours 03/Feb/2007 18:00 03/Feb/2007 19:00 Equipment malfunction
3 11-Mar-06 Jim Dandy Delete Hours 19/Feb/2007 21:00 19/Feb/2007 22:00 Span

March 2008
Examples of Acceptable Edit Actions:
Add offset of
Delete hours
Zero Correction
Slope Correction
Manual data entry for missing, but collected data
Invalidating span & zero check data
Invalidating data due to equipment malfunctions and power failures.
Invalidating data when instrumentation off-line
Marking data as out-of-range

March 2008
Appendix 5: Wind Speed and Direction Calculations
The following equations used to calculate wind speed and wind direction values were taken
from the USEPA document entitled QA Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems,
Vol. IV: Meteorological Measurements, Version 1.0 (Draft) EPA- 454/D-06-001, October
2006. This document is available at:
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/ambient/met/draft-volume-4.pdf
Wind Speed Average Calculation
A. Horizontal wind speed (WSA) is scalar horizontal wind speed
B. Horizontal wind speed (WSA) may be averaged into 1-minute, short term (e.g., 5-minute),
and 1 -hour calculations of mean (scalar) horizontal wind speed.
C. The following is the standard form of the equation used for calculating scalar, or
horizontal wind speed (WSA):
WS i
WSA = i =1
where WSi = instantaneous horizontal wind speed (scalar)

N = number of instantaneous samples (typically 1 second)
Horizontal Wind Direction
A. Horizontal wind direction is a circular function with values limited to between 001 and
360 degrees.
B. The hourly calculation of wind direction mean is a crossover-corrected average of the

instantaneous wind direction samples.
C. A crossover algorithm for handling wind direction crossover through north is used that
compares the current instantaneous wind direction value to the average of all the preceding
wind direction values for the pertinent averaging period. If a difference of more than +180
degrees is found, 360 degrees is subtracted from the current value; or if a difference of less
than -180 degrees is found, then 360 degrees is added.
D. The following is the equation used for calculating the mean horizontal wind direction
(WDA):

March 2008
N
WD i
WDA = i =1
N
where WDi = instantaneous horizontal wind direction (scalar)

N = number of instantaneous samples
Sigma Theta Calculation
A. Sigma theta calculation is the standard deviation of the horizontal wind direction.
B. The standard deviation of the horizontal wind direction, or sigma theta, is calculated from
the instantaneous wind direction samples. An algorithm similar to the crossover algorithm
used for horizontal wind direction is used for sigma theta.
C. Sigma theta can be calculated and averaged into 1-minute, short term (e.g., 5-minute), and
1-hour means.
D. It has been suggested that the upper limit of sigma theta should be limited to 103.9
degrees (Yamartino, 1984). The equations used do not impose a limit to the range of possible
sigma theta values recorded to eliminate any bias that an upper limit may impose.
E. The following is the form of the equation used for computing sigma theta from horizontal
wind direction (WD):
0.5
N 2
(WDi WDA)
SigmaTheta = i =1
N 1

where WDA = mean horizontal wind direction

Vertical Wind Speed Calculation
A. Vertical wind speed is the vertical component of wind flow. Vertical wind flow can be
positive (upward), or negative (downward).
B. Vertical wind speed (VWSI) can be averaged into 1-minute, short term (e.g., 5-minute), and
1-hour means (VWSA).
C. The following is the form of the equation used for calculating mean vertical wind speed:

March 2008
N
VWS i
VWSA = i =1
N
where VWSi = instantaneous vertical wind speed (scalar)

Sigma w Calculation
A. Sigma w is standard deviation of the mean vertical wind speed (VWSA).
B. Sigma w can be averaged into 1-minute, short term (e.g., 5-minute), and 1-hour means.
C. The following is the form of the equation used for calculating sigma w:
0.5
N 2
(VWSi VWSA)
SigmaW = i =1
N 1

where VWSA = mean vertical wind speed (scalar)

Sigma Phi Calculation
A. Sigma phi is calculated using the Sigma w and horizontal wind speed (WSA) data
channels.
B. Sigma phi can be averaged into 1-minute, short term (e.g., 5-minute), and 1-hour means.
C. The following is the form of the equation used for calculating sigma phi:
SigmaW
SigmaPhi =
WSA
The above equation yields sigma phi in units of radians and it is converted to degrees using
the following equation:
Sigma phi (degrees) = Sigma phi (radians) * 57.2958

March 2008
Resultant, or Vector Wind Speed and Direction Calculation
A. The hourly calculation of resultant or vector wind speed and direction provide a vector
mean of all of the instantaneous samples of wind direction and wind speed sampled each
hour.
B. Sigma phi can be averaged into 1-minute, short term (e.g., 5-minute), and 1-hour
averages.
C. The following are the equations used for calculating vector wind speed and vector wind
direction:
[WS
i =1
i sin( WD i ) ]
U =
N
N
[WS
i =1
i cos( WD i ) ]
V =
N
U
WDR = arctan + Flow
V
U
+ 180 arctan < + 180
V
where : Flow =
U
180 arctan > + 180
V
WSR = (U 2
+V 2
) 0 .5
where U = east-west component of wind

V = north-south component of wind
WDR = resultant wind direction (vector average)
WSR = resultant wind speed (vector average)
Sigma v Calculation
A. Sigma v is the standard deviation of the instantaneous wind speed normal to the hourly
resultant wind direction.
B. Sigma phi can be averaged into 1-minute, short term (e.g., 5-minute), and 1-hour means.
C. The following are the equations used for the calculation of sigma v:

March 2008
N 2 N N 2 2
i
u cos 2
WDR 2 U V
i i (sin WDR )(cos WDR ) + Vi sin WDR
i =1 i =1 i =1
SigmaV =
N 1

where : u i = WS i sin WDi and Vi = WS i cos WDi

March 2008
Glossary of Terms
Audit A check by ministry staff of the performance of an air
quality monitoring system operated by the emitter or
their site operator. The field component of the audit
consists of assessing compliance/conformance of the
sites with established criteria, and in conducting
instrument performance checks with certified
calibration devices to ensure that the instruments are
operating within acceptable tolerances. The other
component consists of reviewing documents and
procedures to ensure that proper information
management practices/procedures have been
implemented by the emitter or its site operator, and
are followed.
Calibration Check A test of the accuracy of an instrument using a

certified calibration device traceable to a primary
standard. If the difference in accuracy between the
instrument and the calibration device is greater than
5%, a calibration of the instrument should be
performed.
Calibration An instrument adjustment with a certified calibration

device traceable to a primary standard following an
audit or a calibration check when the accuracy of the
instrument deviates by more than 5% from the
required set point. Instrument calibrations are
performed by site operators and not by the auditors.
Certification of calibrators A test of the accuracy of a calibration device traceable

to a primary standard. Certification of calibration
devices for gas analyzers will be done annually by the
ministry (LaSB) and by a third party for other
samplers requiring temperature, pressure and flow
calibrations.
Continuous monitoring Monitoring performed with fully automated

instrumentation that collects data on a very short time
scale (e.g., every second or minute) such as an ozone
or sulphur dioxide analyzer thereby providing real-
time data.
Emitter The person in occupation or having the charge,

management or control of a facility that emits air
contaminants into the natural environment.

March 2008
External performance check QA/QC procedure carried out external to an
instrument with a certified calibration unit (e.g.,
calibrator, gas cylinder, etc., referenced to a primary
standard). It is synonymous to a calibration check.
Internal performance check QA/QC procedure carried out within the analyzer
and, as such, consists in all instruments checks not
done with a calibrator.
Non-continuous sampling Sampling conducted with discrete samplers that

collect a sample typically over a 24-hour period such
as a hi-vol sampler. Samples are collected on a set
schedule, such as once every 6th day.
Station operator The person that performs the regular operation and
maintenance of the station. This can be the emitter or
a third party retained by the emitter.
Primary standard The reference standards used by the United States

National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST) against which other standards (secondary) are
compared with for accuracy. The certification of
calibration devices used must be traceable to a
primary standard through secondary standards.
Verification of calibrators A check of the gas calibration devices used by site

operators in the field by ministry audit staff with their
calibrators. This is to be done between the annual
formal certifications and does not constitute a
certification.

March 2008
Acronyms
AAQC Ambient Air Quality Criteria as defined and listed in O. Reg. 419/05
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
BAM Beta Attenuation Monitor, more commonly known as a beta gauge
monitor used to measure (in real-time) concentrations of particulate
matter, mostly in the PM10 and PM2.5 size fractions
BIOS Acronym for basic input/output system, the built-in software that
determines what a computer can do without accessing programs from
a disk.
CAEL Canadian Association for Environmental Analytical Laboratories
cm3/min Cubic centimeters per minute
cfm Cubic feet per minute
CFR Code of Federal Regulations (U.S.)
CST Central Standard Time
CSV Comma Separated Values. A data format with values separated by a
comma
DAS Data Acquisition System. The hardware/software of a system used to
collect data electronically
Delta Cal Trade name for a device used to calibrate flow, temperature and
ambient pressure
P Pressure differential
DVM Digital voltmeter
EMRB The Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch of the ministry
ESA Portable SO2 calibrator made by Environnement S.A.
ESDM Emission Summary and Dispersion Modelling Report. This is one of
the key documents required in the application package for an Air
Certificate of Approval from the ministry
EST Eastern Standard Time
FEP Fluorinated ethylene propylene
GC-MS Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
GIS Geographic Information System
H2S Hydrogen sulphide
I.D. Inside diameter
in. of mercury Inches of mercury (unit of barometric pressure)
km/hr Kilometres per hour
L/min Liters per minute
LaSB Laboratory Services Branch of the ministry
LCD Liquid crystal display
m3 Cubic meter
MDL Method Detection Limit (analytical lab methods). In this document it
is defined as the smallest measurable amount, where the risk of a
false positive is 1%, or conversely the confidence level is 99%.
mL/min Milliliters per minute
MOE Ministry of the Environment (Ontario)
NIST United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

March 2008
which is the source of the primary reference standards for the
monitoring/sampling methods listed in this document
NO Nitric oxide
NO2 Nitrogen dioxide
NOx Oxides of nitrogen, principally nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide
(NO2)
O.D. Outside diameter
ng/m3 nanograms per cubic metre
PAHs Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
PCDD Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, commonly known as dioxins
PCDF Polychlorinated dibenzofurans, commonly known as furans
PDF Portable document format
PM Particulate Matter which is all airborne finely divided solid or liquid
material with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than about 100
microns
PM10 Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than about 10
microns; also known as inhalable particulate matter
PM2.5 Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than about 2.5
microns; also known as fine particulate matter or respirable
particulate matter
POI Point of Impingement as defined in O. Reg. 419/05
ppbv Concentration of a gaseous contaminant expressed in parts per billion
by volume of air sampled
pg/m3 Concentration of an air contaminant expressed in picograms (10-12
gram) per cubic metre of air sampled
PUF Polyurethane Foam cartridge used for the determination of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dioxins (PCDDs) and furans
(PCDFs) in air
QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control programs to ensure the
collection and reporting of data of acceptable quality
RFP Request for proposal
RTD Resistance temperature detector
SCC Standards Council of Canada which accredits analytical laboratories
in Canada
SO2 Sulphur dioxide gas
SOP Standard Operating Procedure for monitoring/sampling of air
contaminants
TEOM Tapered Oscillating Microbalance. A particulate monitor for
determining (in real-time) concentrations of particulate matter, mostly
in the PM10 and PM2.5 size fractions
TEQ Toxicity Equivalent values are obtained by determining the relative
toxicity of a doxin or furan congener to that of 2,3,7,8-TCDD
(tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) and using these factors for each of the
members of a mixture to assign a toxicity to the whole.
TFE Tetrafluoroethylene
TriCal Trade name for a device used to calibrate flow, temperature and
ambient pressure

March 2008
TRS Total Reduced Sulphur compounds consisting mostly of hydrogen
sulphide (H2S) and mercaptans
TSP Total Suspended Particulate matter, which is all airborne finely
divided solid or liquid material with an aerodynamic diameter smaller
than about 44 microns. It includes very coarse (diameter >10
microns), PM10 and PM2.5 particles
USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency
URT Upper Risk Thresholds for air contaminants as listed in schedule 6 of
O. Reg. 419/05
UV Ultraviolet light
g/m3 Microgram (10-6 gram) per cubic metre of air sampled
m Micron which is 10-6 of a meter
VOCs Volatile Organic Compounds some of which play an important role in
the formation of ozone and smog aerosols
WINS Well Impactor Ninety Six, an impactor designed to provide a particle
cut-point of 2.5 microns
WMO World Meteorological Organization

March 2008
References
1
National Air Pollution Surveillance Network Quality Assurance and Quality Control
Guidelines, Environment Canada, Environment Protection Service, Environmental
Technology Advancement Directorate, Pollution Measurement Division, Environmental
Technology Centre, Ottawa, Ontario. Report No. AAQD 2004-1 (Originally published as
Report No. PMD 95-8, December 1995).
2
ISO/IEC17025:2005-General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and
Calibration Laboratories.
Available at: http://webstore.ansi.org/
3
Selecting an Environmental Analytical Laboratory, Ontario Ministry of the
Environment.
Available from: Ontario Ministry of Environment, Laboratory Services Branch,
125 Resources Road, Etobicoke Ontario M9P 3V6,
c/o the Assistant Director.
4
LaSBSOP.026, Revision 3.0 August 15, 2006, Ontario Ministry of the Environment.
Customer Services at (416) 235-6311.
5
Estimation of Analytical Detection Limit, Ontario Ministry of the Environment.
Customer Services at (416) 235-6311.
6
EPA. 1999. U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Volume 5, Part 58, Appendix D
(Network Design Criteria for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring) and Appendix E (Probe
and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria), Revised July 1, 1999.
Available at: http://www.epa.gov/epacfr40/chapt-I.info/chi-toc.htm
7
EPA. 2000. Meteorological Monitoring Guidance for regulatory Modeling
Applications, EPA-454/R-99-005, Section 3 (Siting and Exposure), February 2000.
Available at: http://www.epa.gov/scram001/guidance/met/mmgrma.pdf
8
WMO. 1983. Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation.
World Meteorological Organization, No. 8, 5th edition, Geneva Switzerland.
Available at: http://www.wmo.ch/pages/catalogue/

March 2008

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March 2008

Operations Manual for

Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario i

Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario ii

Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario iii

Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario

Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario iv

The Manual includes the following topics:

Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario v

Data Acquisition System (DAS):

Certification/Verification of Calibration Equipment by the Ministry:

Ministry Audit Program:

Laboratory Accreditation and Selection:

Data Validation and Reporting:

Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario vi

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs):

Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario vii

1.2 Monitoring Objectives

Measuring air contaminant concentrations for use in assessing emissions in relation

Measuring air contaminant concentrations of any contaminant that may cause an

The results of ambient air monitoring can be used to identify non-compliance/non-

Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario 1

1.3 Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) Objectives

1.4 QA/QC Program

Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario 2

The monitoring plan, as a minimum, must include the following:

1.6 Site Selection

Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario 3

1.7.1 Shelter Requirements

1.7.2 Probe Siting Criteria and Manifold Design

1.8 Site and Analyzer Operation

Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario 4

1.8.2 Data Acquisition

For continuous monitoring of air contaminants and meteorological parameters, a real-time

1.8.3 Preventative Maintenance

Preventative maintenance routines specified in the manufacturers operation and

1.9 Calibration and Reference Standards

Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario 5

1.10 Audit Program

1.10.1 What to Expect when Audited

Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario 6

1.10.2 Audit Focus and Scope

Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario 7

Site/Instrument Performance Audit

Instrument performance audits include, but are not restricted to:

A site audit will periodically be performed in conjunction with an instrument performance

Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario 8

Information Management Audit

1.11 Laboratory Accreditation/Selection

Accordingly, the ministrys LaSB has prepared a document entitled Selecting an

Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario 9

Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario 10

2.1 Data Time Stamps

2.2 Method Detection Limits

Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario 11

2.3 Meteorological Data

2.4 Data Validation/Editing

Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario 12

2.4.1 Continuous Data

The following general rules apply to editing continuous data:

Editing of continuous data, as stated above, will be done on half-hour resolution

Operations Manual for Air Quality Monitoring in Ontario 13

2.4.2 Non-continuous Data