Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction
1.1 Introduction
a time where there is a boom in human population, where people rely heavily on
technology, automation and mass production of goods and services to live their lives.
All these developments require the extraction of natural resources such as metals,
oils, natural gas Etc. to function properly. As the result of unsustainable management
such as scarcity, environmental pollution and degradation of the quality of life arises.
ever growing issue. That is why it is important for a nation to stress out the relevance
of integrating green design and sustainability in the Economy, Ecology, Culture and
Politics for it is the only way to solve the problems of humanity and to ensure a
progressive society and economy. These qualities, when partnered with human
intellect and ingenuity, create highly capable people that will advance and mold the
irresponsibility of people, businesses and the government. Resources allocated for the
1
The Philippines is currently classified as a developing country and is ranked
Fund).Goldman Sachs estimates that by the year 2050, the Philippines will become
the 14th largest economy in the world. It is very rich in natural resources but it is very
limited. It is indeed progressive and becoming heavily industrialized but, with many
consequences. Currently the Philippines is plagued by basic 3 rd world issues such as,
poverty, high unemployment rate, slow creation of job opportunities. There is mass
pollution in the air, water and ecosystems, particularly in urban areas. Starvation and
homelessness are rampant in the country mainly due to the lack of resources that are
available, particularly food and land. And the quality of life in the Philippines is very
poor due to the unhealthy and unsanitary environment people live in. All These
because this is the only way it can ensure its longevity and survivability. The nation
efficient and smart resource minded economy, a healthier environmental habitat and a
continuously progressive society. With all these issues, what the nation needs most
are dreamers who dream big and think of new sustainable ideas that would greatly
citizen especially the youth, for these are the fundamental qualities needed to attain
who are familiar with green strategies & technologies, for what the global industry is
looking for today, is a viable and sustainable means of development. The global
industry is now primarily based on achieving maximum output with minimal resource
2
loss. This theme and mindset would lead to strong companies and local government
units, to advance new ideas and innovations in the business industries, create new
export markets, and enlarge the economic foundations of the country. This entails the
and learn new, significant technical capabilities and attain management wisdom, for
these are the traits required for global expansion and competition. All of these local
wherein technological innovation and efficiency are the core principles follow.
Initially, the country will need a platform to translate these innovative concepts and
The nation lacks the necessary resources and advocacy in attaining socio-
economic efficiency and sustainability. Monetary resources and revenue are two of
the most crucial parts for creating solutions to economic and social problems. We
need resilient Government Units and Companies that can develop innovation, new
businesses, new export markets, and can make a sturdy and stable economy.
In support to this idea, there should be a venue for trade and exposition of
different markets that emphasize on Green Planning and Sustainability, and a place
where they can showcase their products. This is to familiarize the nation with
strategies and innovations that can help the country be more maintainable.
The Philippines is one of the premiere and epicenters for destination in Asia, it
promotes tourism and local trade. Quezon City has the nations highest potential for
3
Urban development and commerce. With the increased investments in Meetings,
Incentives, Conventions & Exhibitions (MICE) in recent years, it has become one the
fastest growing industries in the world. Applying this development to Quezon City
would drastically increase national revenue and urban development, which are
The project calls for the establishment of a world class Green Expo Center
that will meet the MICE standards and be one of the most socially symbolic,
Philippines.
The study, with the goal of educating people with the relevance of Green
propose a multi-faceted project Green Expo Center that will pursue the following
project objectives:
1.4.1 Education
technologies. And educate the public on the relevance and impact of green and
country.
4
1.4.2 Business
Expos and civic centers have become an important part of human culture,
especially in recent years. They have become social institutions and leisure
destinations - sources of wonder, beauty, business and trends that promote human
museums, they have become the presenters of new content and play a big role in
Specialized Expo centers are more than just an exhibition of objects, but they
encourage vast sharing of ideas and convey a sense of time and story that links all
and scientific goal, they become the most effective way to reach out into the public
persona to promote cultural change and development. Expo centers have high marks
on social and economic impact, in comparison with other types of infrastructures, due
. The expo will teach society to cherish nature, to become cleaner and be more
efficient in dealing with its resources. It will promote sustainability as the core value
5
of Political, Economic & Cultural endeavors and by these standards will solve
limited resources.
which will create demand for green products. It will enhance the Green sector of the
and foreign companies and organizations. With these developments, there will be an
development of the nation. The nature of the Green Expo Center works in synergy
with the environmental and economic progression of a city, particularly Quezon City.
The project will aid in increasing its legacy as an intellectual and commercial center
with the likes of a Bilbao Effect, wherein one success leads to another i.e. grand-
development. It will have a great influence on the image of Quezon City and become
a center of trade and exposition that will help boost the value of the area.
with the different types of malls, trading centers, convention centers and exhibition
centers both on the local and international prospect. Through the case studies of these
6
various examples of structures the researcher will be able to establish its parameters
All the necessary facilities and spaces which support the functionality of the
Green Expo Center such as Retail stores, Museum and exhibition halls, Business
Offices, Digital auditoriums and public areas are also being studied by the researcher.
Further analysis of the site such as microanalysis of the city, weather patterns,
efficient road pathways and the immediate environment are also taken into
considerable studies.
Architectural & Technological innovations that will optimize the design of the
project will also be extensively studied, such as Green Technologies and top of the
line Informative Gadgetry, because it will pave the way for the latest trend in Modern
Design, and because in todays economy, technological innovations are what drive the
economy and society of a nation to higher echelons. Also we should consider that
Sustainable Architectural Design is the only pathway towards the salvation of the
The design and nature of the structure is a Specialized Expo Center that highly
International/World Expo and therefore will only revolve around a simpler and
focused range of themes and subjects. It entails a Mixed- use building type that will
serve as a center for trade shows, expos and retail outlets, all of which are devoted to
the vast sharing of ideas. It will be one of the most globally competent, and iconic
landmarks in the country and will pave the way for green and sustainable
7
1.7 Definition of Terms
its focal point or center. It usually contains one or more dominant public buildings,
which may also include a government building. Recently, the term "civic center" has
manufactured products
works of art, can be displayed for public viewing. It also holds events such as fairs
8
Green Architecture - Is an approach to building that minimizes harmful effects on
human health and the environment. The "green" architect or designer attempts to
safeguard air, water, and earth by choosing eco-friendly building materials and
construction practices.
Industrialization - The organized action of making of goods and services for sale.
and innovation are positioned at the center of the model rather than seen as
MICE Meetings, Incentives, Conventions & Incentives. The industry that revolves
way of viewing reality for the community that shares them, especially in an
intellectual discipline.
Science - Is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form
scale and cheaper to run for the host committee and participants because the
9
architectural fees are lower and they only have to rent the space from the host
Sustainability Is the conservative and efficient use of resources and the assurance
that our actions and decisions today do not inhibit the opportunities of future
generations.
10
Chapter II. Review of Related Literature
This chapter focuses on all the important topics that will be taken into
consideration. This will deliver discernment on all issues that need to be solved and
all the numerous factors that are directly related to the project.
In todays world, nations are growing closer to each other. This may not be
true in a traditional or societal sense, but this is highly the case in terms of cultural
and economic sense. Globalization has pushed nations to grow closer with each other
right now and allowing the sharing and mixing of cultures and ideas from every
new media, population movements etc. issues also rarely confined within states or
human developments and the damaging of the natural environment. Both of these
and resources are extremely precious and limited. In the last 300 years, we have
11
wars, particularly because of the scarcity of resources. People suffer for resources.
That is why only a sustainable and efficient solution will solve all the problems of
With the ever changing world we live in, Green technology is ever advancing
to advance the state of mankind and the ecology. The future of the planet is dependent
technology, how man currently utilizes it, and how humanity can look forward to in
the future acuminate to how we may live on a healthier, more efficient earth.
Due to the continuous exponential growth in world population, and the ever
increasing advances of Green Technology, it has become the focal point for many
pioneers of industries, such as planners, designers and scientists, who really strive and
work hard to make a better planet to live on. Green Technology is defined as:
technology whose use is intended to mitigate or reverse the effects of human activity
generations to come. The knowledge that we have obtained along with the
understanding that we are pursuing better technology, will eventually lead to a more
used when referring to green technology as well. These terms have been in the public
arena for nearly a decade, but the use or thought of clean technology has been around
12
The adoption of new, cleaner technologies is essential in reducing pollution
and other man made problems. Even if the technologies have already been developed,
the empirical technology diffusion literature has demonstrated that the diffusion of
new technologies can be slow (Bass 1969, Mahajan, Muller & Bass 1990, Hannan &
Mcdowell 1984, Mulligan 2003, Baker 2001, Engers, Hartmann & Stern 2009).
Sustainable Strategies to our culture and way of life, particularly in the Economy &
Policy. While advocacy and adoption of Green development is greatly important, the
application of these technologies is what is truly relevant for it holds the direct
to utilize and maximize the quality of the built environment while completely
important philosophy that not only promotes considerate usage and utilization of
resources, but also develops the current state of the resource or environment
The fundamental elements that can be derived from sustainable design are
renewable energy use, water conservation and gray-water reuse, habitat preservation
and restoration and healthy and productive indoor environments for people, to name a
few. Sustainable design ultimately covers and considers the big picture in planning.
One of the most rewarding things about sustainable design is its flawless and
13
unnoticeable integration with the space. It is like no person could ever tell that a
(a) Establish market research, the existing demand, likely future requirements and
(b) By means of planning investigation, find the potential of the site,traffic patterns,
proposals for changes in the area and other factors that directly affect the performance
of the building.
(c) From this assessment build up preliminary feasibility calculation which in turn
Site selection is one of the most important stages in the designing of any Civic
Exhibition Center. It has a key role in maintaining likeability with the users and
patrons. A good site is a positive factor in making it convenient for visitors to attend
and become repeat visitors or to allow visitors to combine museum attendance with
shopping, attending a library, or visiting another attraction (B. Lord, 2012). A good
14
site is that of which helps gain revenue and helps secure the income that is the life
area of a cities and towns. (Jewell, 1996). They should be located as close as possible
to city centers.
by the market, functional considerations, and funders- both private and public.
constricted and face greater challenges associated with the community priorities.
Basically these sites, if chosen, are able to get the best out of the significance from the
Often, there are wide varieties of site options that could be considered for a
new structure. It is logical to analyze many sites in contrast to analyzing just a few.
This way, it maximizes the opportunity of the building and its profound effect in a
community. However with this strategy, it is important to know all the good and bad
qualities of a site, in order to finish quickly and efficiently. Here; are compelling
Availability: The sight might have numerous strengths, but if it is really not
possible, yet one or more sites under consideration would not be available for
many years.
15
Cost of acquisition: The Expo center wishes to allocate as much of its
residents are likely to complain about too much noise or traffic associated
Exhibition centers & Museum sin our society today are heralded as Social &
centers & Museums communicate the meanings of nature and humanity past and
present to their visitors today and tomorrow (B. Lord, 2012). People always get a
sense of space and time whenever one enters the realm of Museum & Exhibition
Centers.
Also, Exhibition centers & Museums have become the presenters of new
content, they accelerate cultural change by showcasing virtuosity and artistry in the
building design and the exhibits. It always conveys a sense of beauty. With these said
qualities, Exhibition centers & Museums become mediator of cultural, social &
scientific change. Societies are greatly impacted by the capabilities of a Museum &
Exhibition Centers.
16
As such, they are a cultural trend. They are patrons of architecture, promoters
of urban renewal, & branders of cities & regions. Exhibition centers & Museums
have evolved as leisure destinations to which tourism is an inevitable effect. One keen
example would be the Guggenheim Museum & Exhibition Center at Bilbao wherein,
due to its beautiful and unique nature, has transformed its community into a tourist
The progress of the human race throughout the millennia, owes a great deal of
debt to Science. The majority of people may not know it but science greatly
influences virtually all of our day to day activities. Back in the dark ages when people
deities and entities to fill in their gap of knowledge about natural phenomena. Surely
it consoled their intellectual need but all of that was entirely illusory. Eventually the
civilizations found out that explaining the unknown by means of positing a deities
and demons did not help them through crises, especially when there were outbreaks
system that used observation and empirical evidence to solve problems and mysteries
In the modern age, Science practically controls every aspect of our lives,
From the clothes we wear, to the food we eat, to the decisions we make, everything
has science stamped on it. Technologies are what keep humans sane for it gives
purpose to their lives, which is reflected upon their dreams and aspirations. It has now
17
become the core of the world economy, wherein the progress of nations mainly rely
humanity in countless ways, it has the power of solving all known problems and
issues the world could possibly create, and it will continue to influence human
character of its interior & exterior, but rather, it is greatly based on the balance
between the two. What a great architectural characteristic of a museum has to offer is
the preserving the fine line in between Functional Based Architecture and Aesthetic
with the function of the building. For example, in exhibits, not only must there be a
logical flow of movement and pattern in the spaces but it must be complemented with
interactive and surreal interior decorative environment. These two characters should
work together to relieve the viewer of the exhibit, of their monotonous and daily
(Visser, 2011)
accessible and look accessible. With that notion, exhibits must be interactive with the
user and must emit a positive vibe. The user should not be hassled with the interior
design of the structure wherein he/she becomes confused on whether some parts of
18
the exhibits are accessible and walk-able. The Integrated Museums plan should be
inviting and the flow should effortlessly guide and nurture the viewers of the exhibit.
Integrated Museum would ultimately bridge the gap between the progression of the
nations economy, society and industry, to its crowning level. Applied Science, with
all its majesty, helps the nation in achieving its ultimate goals. In relation to
centers have a wide effect on the society, economy and the human psyche. This is
especially evident when these learning centers are built up to be symbolic works of
art & engineering in widely recognized, urban areas. Such areas where Science &
There are very few studies of the effect that science & technological centers
science activities encouraged students to study science at school and to pursue science
careers. Coventry (1997) surveyed university students. She found that 80% of
students studying for science-based careers had visited the science center in Perth,
Australia at least once whereas 64% of students who were not studying for science-
based careers had visited Scitech. Similar findings were made by Salmi (2000) in
19
Finland. There is evidence that youth programs in science & technological centers
Witschey (2001) writes of the Science Center of Virginia as the power house
of the community and describes a rich array of partnerships and programs that the
Museum undertakes with its community. This is undoubtedly the case in many
The St. Louis Science Center runs a Youth Exploring Science (YES!) program
in which the-Science Center works with Job Training groups to provide a year round
their local area. They run youth employment and volunteer schemes. They support
local clubs and societies. They develop special programs for the elderly and for
people with disabilities. They are involved with environmental rehabilitation and they
Lipardi (1997) describes how the Citt della Scienza works with local
councils, firms and research centres in order to enhance the development potential of
However, although science & technological centers have put many programs
in place that benefit society, on the whole, they have not developed the methodology
to measure the impact that they have at a societal level. Sheppard (2000) makes a
strong plea that they should do so: As museums engage more substantially in
building social capital and partnering in their communities, they need strong,
suggests that community outreach may be transforming both museums and the
20
however, museums and their publics need to test such assumptions through consistent
and methodical research. Museums have many stakeholders to convince, from their
own board and governance to public and private funders and ultimately the public
about the ways they have/ have not been able to influence government. They do not
necessarily want to publicize the means they use to gain government support.
However we can question whether it would be useful for science & technological
centers to share case studies and stories of success and failure in this area. Perhaps
there are some strategies being used by some science & technological centers that
During the past few years, a few science & technological centers have
calculated their impact on the local community in terms of the extra money brought
into the community by visitors to the science center and extra jobs created by the
science center.
For example Greene writes, For every pound sterling spent by visitors at the
spent elsewhere in the local economy. With 300,000 visitors spending 1.5 million in
2000, the contribution to the prosperity of the region was 18 million. To this can be
added the goods and services purchased by the Museum from local business, the
employment of 120 people, and the investment in new exhibitions and building
21
2.11 Importance of Scientific Literacy
stands for what the general public ought to know about science (Durant, 1993), and
science, coupled with some understanding of the more important scientic ideas
(Jenkins, 1994).
of science, and while scientic literacy is used in the United States. It is, however,
just described masks different meanings and interpretations associated with the
concept of scientic literacy because of, for example, different views of what the
public ought to know about science and who the public is.
gaps between contrasting societies, there still remains the one truthful and important
meaning of Scientific Literacy it is the currency of the present and the coming
It is the thing that makes people smarter, more aware of their environment, more in
tune with the universe. In a philosophical stand point. But in realistic application,
Scientific Literacy is the interlinking factor of all humans on earth. It binds nations
betterment of mankind. It is the one aspect of mankind that is not subject to bias and
22
method of experiments and knowledge. It is important for it is the culture of humanity
as a whole.
Landscape design is one of the areas where Biophilic design can make a wide
impact on a global scale. It excels in relation to the climatic changes. As people and
animals migrate from one region to another, it is wise to develop and nurture their
organism encounter places that are foreign to them. That is why it is important to
make the organism feel at home and be comfortable with his/her surroundings.
landscape or environment that suits them physically, but rather, the environment
should suit them both physically and mentally. In a sense, there must be a balance and
compromise between setting the environment and the theme of the environment.
Landscape design also has the ability to blend in together some of the disembodied
elements that has occurred due to urban sprawl. (Lefroy,1999). This in turn can help
in the site development and planning of the close vicinity of a proposed project site.
In order for the study to be accurate and within the realm of standards of
contemporary Expo centers, Convention centers and Exhibition Centers, the research
calls for the conducting and analysis of case studies regarding similar events,
23
functional and structural samples. This is to have a template and conceptual basis for
southeastern Africa that focused on the Green movement and its components. The
Expo included trades and sales of green technologies and consumer products,
The aim of the event is to promote a lifestyle choice which allows for
additional support from both the business community and government, we will
actively encourage the growth of Zambias green industry. The Green Expo Zambia
Services in late 2011 and as principal hosts and organizers of the event, it is critical
of life, demonstrating that green living can be cool and fun. In its first year, The
Green Expo Zambia 2012 received over 1000 visitors and 300 students aged 6-16
from both private and government schools to actively engage with over 30 exhibitors
from across the country. It earned over an estimated K100m (South African Currency)
24
Participation represents an opportunity to publicize your efforts in sustainable
business practices, products and services. Register now in The Green Expo Zambia
Home & Building - green building & home improvement, cleaning products &
Pet/Garden - gardening products & service, green pet products & services
nutritional supplements
Food/Beverage - organic food & wine, green cookware, healthy snacks &
deserts
Kids Zone - hands on activities, eco-friendly toys, art competition for annual
25
The Edmonton Exposition and Conference Centre, or Edmonton EXPO Centre
music venue, and for hosting trade shows and conferences. It is located in Northlands
The total area of the site is 522,000 sq ft (48,500 m2), total. This was expected
to make it the largest such facility in Canada outside of Toronto. The Alberta
government contributed $50 million to the project which led to the decision to name
A business center
As a convention and exhibition center, the EXPO Centre provides facilities for
many different purposes in a wide range of sizes. Upon completion of the expansion
in 2009, there have been eight convention halls, six ballrooms, thirteen meeting and
boardrooms, a lounge, and several smaller galleries within the building. In addition to
these rental spaces, Northlands maintains and staffs several concession stands and
26
2.13.3 Qingdao Exhibition Center
The first phase of the Qingdao Water City development at Aoshan Bay, China,
designed by the Los Angeles office of NBBJ, will include a new exposition center of
1,940,000 sf. As the ocean sits to one side of the site, and a wetland on the other, a
strong emphasis has been placed on how the exposition is shaped by its interaction
This exposition hall is an important component of the region and the architects
feel it will act as the stimulus for development within the entire city. Set for
completion in early 2011, the center will include 10 flat-floor expo halls, one multi-
purpose hall, two lobbies, retail and a central outdoor expo plaza. The hall will serve
as the center for international and domestic trade shows as well as host a variety of
associations of flowing water, while the L shaped program of the structure provides
pronounced edges along the western and southern aspects of the development.
Ultimately, the center will embody a gesture of welcoming, implicitly alluring visitors
Visitors will approach the main lobby, which leads to the different wings of
the hall, and experience the reflection of the glass facade that alludes to a deep calm
pool of water. An expansive outdoor plaza can be utilized as an exhibit for special
events and as a park at all other times. The landscape will rely on natural foliage to
minimize the need for irrigation and assist in the absorption of storm water. The
structure also applied many high performance and green strategies and technologies.
27
Construction Efficency: all exhibition halls are sized uniformly to expedite
mechanical cooling required, including the use of solar stack vents in the expo halls.
area of the roof and connect exhibition hall to district-wide Central Heat and Power
Natural Daylight: the exhibition center is designed with large windows in locations
Shanghai, China. It hosts a large number of exhibitions, including the Shanghai Motor
Show. It has also hosted the 2002 Tennis Masters Cup, where one of the halls was
temporarily converted into a tennis court. With more than 90 exhibitions per year and
a turnover rate of 32 (2011), SNIEC is one of the world's most successful exhibition
venues.
November 2, 2001. It has, as of 2012, a capacity of 200,000 square meters indoor and
130,000 square meters outdoor exhibition area. Expo Center facilities include 17
exhibition halls, conference rooms, and a business center. Hotel facilities and a
subway station are located at one of the entrance halls of the center.
The first phase investment amount was 99 million U.S. dollars. Situated in
Shanghai's Pudong district, the heart of Chinese business, SNIEC has attracted
28
worldwide attention since its opening on November 2, 2001. Featuring a prime, easily
accessible location, a pillar-free, single story structure and a wide array of expert on-
site services, SNIEC has been experiencing rapid growth. It now hosts more than 70
world-class exhibitions each year and this number is set to grow in the future.
SNIEC's future expansions will cement its market leadership in China and
secure Shanghai's position on the forefront of East Asian exhibition destinations. This
is the first exhibition center which is highly functional on the one hand, and
partners. The concept for the functionality and architecture of the new trade fair
grounds was developed by the joint venture partners together with Helmut Jahn, the
International Expo Centre, the most modern and efficient exhibition center-walls
Trade fair themes from the Munich, Duesseldorf and Hanover programmes of
trade events are being adapted for the Chinese Market. Furthermore, the exhibition
center is also available to other organizers of trade fair events. The operating and
events concept with the expertise of the Munich, Hanover and Duesseldorf trade fair
29
Chapter III. Research Methodology
first stage of the research strategy was the compiling and identifying the key
World Fairs, Convention Centers and Integrated Retail stores. The stage particularly
focuses on the internal factors of these structures and how it operates during events. It
includes all the important design guides such as circulation patterns of users in the
general facility and the showcase exhibits, the marketing statistics and implications in
relation to buyers, and how everything else comes into place. This also corresponds
with the historical method or previous experiences of similar building types within
the country.
conducting interviews with key people. The researcher will conduct a study about the
organizations and entities that guides, conducts and facilitates events in the field of
Meetings, Incentives, Conventions & Expositions. The third stage involves the
analysis of the documentary evidences and data from interviews. This stage also
narrows down the picture in terms of understanding, and gives and insight of the
nature of, the relational and functional status of the sciences and fields tackled by the
Expo and Exhibition Centers. The stage aims to identify, for each institution, the
30
nature of the process, including the main factors involved in the operation of these
structures.
The fourth stage of the research is to contextualize the data and provide a
conclusive analysis of the three previous stages. The aim of the last stage is to
summarize and analyze the gathered resources prior to the design. The four
hypotheses of the thesis can then be tested, and the core questions and problem,
answered.
For the study, the project used different research techniques and
methodologies to further polish and make the project sound and scientific. For the
benefit of the research, the researcher used the more practical and logical approaches
One method used in the study involves the historical method wherein
extensive studies and primary to tertiary data were gathered from of bodies or entities
related to the project such as the Center for International Trade Expositions and
Commission for Culture and the Arts, Science Education Institute of the Philippines,
The study also made use of the descriptive method wherein ocular
conditions present at the site, and the researcher shall visit exhibition and civic
31
the Philippines, The Mind Museum and the Science Education Institute, that could
fundamentally help in the development of the study regarding the feasibility, survey
among others.
conducted to obtain ideas and specific data regarding the projects operation, mission
Case studies will also be conducted to further learn about the basic systems of
a museum. Specifically local case studies of the closely related and similar buildings
Exhibition Centers such as the Science World Expo, Edmonton Expo Center and the
a. Archival
The archival information constitutes the majority of the researchs data and
comprehensive data collection to the depth and breadth of the project. It gave a
background check of the different aspects that affects and relates to the projects
32
fundamental objectives. To substantiate the ideas designed for the project, various
kinds of archival resources, from primary, secondary, and tertiary references, were
utilized. Materials from library collection were of great importance since it gave more
was an established criterion in finding references and sources for the benefit of the
research. In addition to that, materials like internet references, articles and journals,
were also utilized. The gathered knowledge helped in formulating the design
strategies and solution for the necessary development of the facilities of the project.
b. Observation
For the observation method of collecting data, the researcher studied direct
observation of current and non-current events related to the theme and focus of the
project. It basically resulted for the evaluated good and bad features of the related
building types and practices, by studying the flow and operations of similar structures
and systems. This type of instrument examined the psychological aspect and nature of
the users and groups of people who are affected by the impact and functionality of the
facilities of the project. This would help in designing the appropriate solution for the
project.
c. Personal Interview
sector assisted the researcher to be introduced to the real world of the proposed
project. Special attention was given for different technology research organizations,
33
countrys environmental degradation and seeking on improving its state. Interviews
also conducted to have a vast insight on what applications would be practical to use
with regards to the situations involved in project construction, planning and cost
computation.
34
Chapter IV. Project Site
Choosing a site requires careful observation and evaluation. Civic Centers &
Exhibition Centers are generally placed at a well populated region although there is
an issue of availability regarding the site. The researcher established that Quezon City
would preferably be a good Urban City to build the project, for it is the site could be
in a generally populous region but it must balance out with the value of the land.
The existing site is located in the Quezon City Triangle Park which is the
Central Business District of Quezon City. The site will make use of the current vacant
lot across the PSHS(Philippine Science High School) under the Triangle Exchange
portion of CBD, that are directly adjacent to Agham road and near its intersection
with North Avenue. Triangle Exchange District is primarily associated with the
35
4.1.2 Vicinity Map
36
4.1.3 Location Map
Within a 5 km radius, the site is within proximity with several well- known
Lung Center of the Philippines, Quezon City Hall and the Bureau of Internal
Revenue.
37
The climate in Quezon City is typical of Metro Manilas, which has a distinct
dry season from December to April and wet season from May to November. The
normal annual rainfall total is 2,532.3 mm with the maximum mean monthly total
rains being experienced in August with 526.8 mm and the minimum in February with
8.9 mm. The maximum number of 24-rainy days occurs in August while the
minimum of two-rainy days occurs in February. The annual total number of rainy
days is 153 while the average temperature is lowest at 20.4 C in January and highest
at 34.9C in April.
4.1.6 Transportation
linking access to major roads, that are will be used by service vehicles. Commuting is
still a viable way for transportation because sheer number of jeeps and buses that
travel along the main and secondary roads. The main roads that allow access to the
site include the Quezon City Circle, EDSA, Commonwealth Avenue, University
4.1.7 Environment
The environment of the site is very good, the whole district is kept clean and
regularly maintained. The inhabitants near the area site are mixed classes, and are
primarily composed of middle class people. Students are the most frequent users of
38
In order to determine if the land will be a viable site for the project, a SWOT
4.2.1 Strengths
with the biggest land area among the cities in Metro Manila, it holds the greatest
potential for more diverse and better-planned urban developments. It has also the
widest expanse of parks and open spaces that provides a natural setting in an urban
environment. Q.C CBD (Central Business District) has a very wide track of land
consisting of 250 hectares and about 80% of which are in current planning
2. Strategic Location
The site is located in the Central Business District of Quezon City wherein it is
with close vicinity of major institutions and developments which in turn further
stimulate the impact of the project in terms of social and economic qualities. The city
is home to major hospitals and medical centers, all the national media, and
government agencies and offices, which would account for the accommodation of a
wide variety of possible clients and partners, by the project . Quezon City has now the
fastest growing ICT industry being the location of choice of business process
outsourcing firms. The citys population is generally young, educated and employable
and it is the biggest market base among all cities in the country. Overall, Quezon City
39
is the perfect place to accommodate the project, in a social and economic aspect. And
Several major road networks and elevated light rail systems traverse across the
city including EDSA, and Quezon Avenue. The city has easy access to major
highways that lead to strategic tourism and economic hubs in the northern parts of
Luzon, including Clark, Subic, La Union, Bagiuo and Pangasinan, and to major
4.2.2 Weaknesses
Overall, the site has minimal weaknesses and disadvantages considering that it
strategically located in the Triangle Exchange District near the Downtown Hub-Zone,
of the CBD, there will be a dynamic flow of interaction and developments within the
area. One possible weakness would be the size of the lot, which is roughly 4- 5
hectares in area. This could be a deficiency to the space requirement of the project, if
4.2.3 Opportunities
The site has many opportunities. These include close vicinity to government,
healthcare buildings and commercial centers. It has the quality of being a part of the
developed Civic Center of Quezon City and in turn could make it a landmark and a
leisure destination. The site also has the opportunity to greatly help the effect of the
building, due to its close vicinity with big social and learning institutions such as the
University of the Philippines, thus making it easy to achieve one of the project
objectives, which was the promotion and education of Green development to the
40
4.2.4 Threats
The site has threats that could hinder the development of the project namely,
noise pollution due to the closeness of the Quezon Circle. Informal settlers that are
scattered within the vicinity, all of which could devaluate the worth of the project.
Lastly, flooding and waste problems are present but it is controlled to a minimal.
Also storms and typhoons pose a threat by debilitating the entire work flow of
the entire area within the CBD. This could bring about losses in financial resources
that are essential for the functionality and sustainability of the project.
The project entails for the funding from a private entity, preferably because these
entities have high monetary resources and invest much on big developments with high
private corporations will be core nature of the development of the project. The project
will have a prime funding entity, which will serve as the head financier and developer,
but will also be in partnership, or cooperation, with other corporations and companies,
41
in the lesser and smaller aspects of develop such as the urban development and
construction funding.
ADB in partnership with Ayala Land Inc. In the mean-time, the profile that
will be focused on this chapter will be the prime funding entities and partnerships
which are the ADB ( Asian Development Bank) and the real-estate developer Ayala
Land Inc, each of which will have their respective tasks in the field of Business
These two entities will be responsible for the main development of the project
considering that they have similar mindsets and core values, which are the promotion
of Asian Urban Development, Appreciation of Land and Place Value, Green and
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) bridges the development gap in Asia
and the Pacific, home to both the worlds fast-rising and most vulnerable economies.
ADF is a major instrument of concessional financing that has supported equitable and
countries, it offers loans at very low interest rates as well as grants to help reduce
poverty in ADB's poorest borrowing countries. ADB has widely helped countries
42
Long Term Goals
ADB has a proven track record in reducing poverty and improving the lives of
people in low-income and vulnerable countries in the region through ADF assistance.
Through key initiatives in energy, transport, water and sanitation, education, and
microfinance, ADF assistance has helped transform the lives of millions of poor and
vulnerable people, including women and children. Since 1973, ADF has provided
nearly $50 billion for projects and programs that helped poor families escape poverty.
In 2009-2012 alone, over 220 loan and grant projects totaling $11.8 billion were made
ADF countries. It has two mutually reinforcing objectives. First, rapid and sustainable
growth will create and expand economic opportunities. Second, broader access to
these opportunities will ensure that members of society can participate in and benefit
from growth.
create jobs, reduce poverty and promote trade and investments. Infrastructure also
economic activities and broadening their access to basic social services. In many
ADF countries, for example, developing rural infrastructure to connect the poor to
43
markets and enable them to participate in the growth process is essential. Inclusive
growth also requires greater investment in education and health, particularly for the
poor.
regions environment faces daunting threats. The decline in forest cover and the
steady rise of greenhouse gas emissions are a major challenge. The region has also
become more vulnerable to extreme weather, rising sea levels, and other phenomena
access to reliable and affordable water and sanitation; and climate-resilient and livable
cities. ADF projects also seek to improve natural resource management in rural areas,
priority issue.
plays a critical role in accelerating economic growth, reducing poverty and economic
44
building closer trade integration, intraregional supply chains, and stronger financial
With its decades of experience in the region, ADB can serve as a catalyst for
RCI, linking national and regional priorities. In South Asia, for example, the size and
scattered nature of the regions hydropower and natural gas resourcesand the
different sizes of its national economies and associated energy demand levels and
number of ADBs regional projects are also targeted to support the Millennium
and generating and sharing knowledge resources. ADF will also address energy
security and climate change issues, as well as social and environmental issues
ADB was conceived amid the postwar rehabilitation and reconstruction efforts
of the early 1960s. The vision was of a financial institution that would be Asian in
45
character and foster economic growth and cooperation in the region - then one of the
poorest in the world. A resolution passed at the first Ministerial Conference on Asian
Economic Cooperation held by the United Nations Economic Commission for Asia
and the Far East in 1963 set that vision on the way to becoming reality. Since then it
With the new century, a new focus on helping its developing members achieve
the Millennium Development Goals and making development more effective was
adopted within ADB. In 2003, a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic
hit the region, making it clear that fighting infectious diseases requires regional
cooperation. ADB began providing support at national and regional levels to help
countries more effectively respond to avian influenza and the growing threat of
HIV/AIDS.
than $850 million for recovery in areas of India, Indonesia, Maldives, and Sri Lanka
hit by the December 2004 Asian tsunami. In addition, a $1 billion line of assistance to
help victims of the October 2005 earthquake in Pakistan was set up. In 2008, ADB's
the Asian Development Bank 2008-2020, a policy document guiding its operations to
2020.
46
In 2009, ADB's Board of Governors agreed to triple ADB's capital base from
$55 billion to $165 billion, giving it much-needed resources to respond to the global
economic crisis. The 200% increase is the largest in ADB's history, and the first since
Ayala corporation is one of the largest and most respected business houses in
marginally useful tract of agricultural land into the thriving, green, and cosmopolitan
buildings, industrial business parks, and shopping and cultural enclaves at multiple
price ranges, we inspire Filipinos all over the country to achieve their dreams.
The core belief of the company is that all Filipinos, regardless of their station in life,
are entitled to a clean and sound environment and a place they can proudly call their
own.
47
5.3 Mission, Vision and Goals
The study, with the goal of educating people with the relevance of Green and
multi-faceted project Green Expo Center that will pursue the following project
objectives:
Education
general public
48
b. To promote environmental awareness and proper adoption of Green
technologies. And educate the public on the relevance and impact of green and
Business
Socio Economic
The user profile is designated to plot and identify the users of the proposed
project. This includes the study and analysis of the flow of the users and personnel
that is circulating inside and outside the vicinity of the structure. This will help
identify the major and minor users and their behavior and how they able to distinguish
49
5.4.1 Organizational Structure
50
5.4.2 Identification of Users
The users of the structure vary from different types. It includes local and
foreign spectators and may come from all the different types of people and class. The
researcher has classified the users in three levels and they are primary level users,
secondary level users and tertiary level users. These levels have their own distinctions
and definitions depending on their usage and activities inside the building.
These users are classified as the most that have total concentration and daily
activities inside the structure and are classified as having the most usage of the
facilities, regarding physical interaction and the time spent. They are the ones who
have a direct relation to the function of the facility and the ones who are always
making direct contact. These classifications of users are the people who have ample
51
visitation and normally guest of the building. The level includes facilitators and
employees of the expo, guest, touristic visitors, exhibitors, contractors, buyers & retail
renters, event organizers, event staffs, Company head or CEO, Employees of other
The role of Secondary users, are not as direct and frequent as Primary users.
These users are classified as having a passive usage of the facilities of the expo and
are usually occasional users brought about by indirect circulation and access of the
area. These include the occasional bystanders and visitors, and facility support
and Gardeners.
These classifications involve the spectators who have contact with the
structure from the outside. These users have the least interaction with the building.
Normally these people are the pedestrian people passing by the structure and vehicles
that pass by the avenues adjacent to the building. These types of users get a view of
the structure but have minimal, if any, direct physical interaction or stimulation to the
structure.
52
5.4.6 Facilities to be provided
In order to meet the goals and objectives of the project, the major types of
facilities must first be identified by the researcher, which will ultimately coincide with
1. Exhibition Areas Exhibition rooms and halls usually consist of massive space
and volume to accommodate the exhibits and displays, and is the core area of the
entire facility. These areas are the most integral part of the expo for it houses the main
attractions and is the central interaction and function point of all primary users.
2. Commercial & Retail Spaces These are leasable and rentable spaces with a wide
variety of sizes and functions, depending on the nature of the renter. Commercial &
Retail Spaces can be considered a secondary type of space in an expo due to the
indirect relationship of its function to the main facility. These include restaurants,
3. Communal/ Public Spaces Public spaces are large areas or spaces intended to
reduce the crowd level in certain areas of the structure, and to maintain a continuous
flow of activities. These spaces are basically areas where individuals and groups of
people can gather and temporarily recuperate. These areas also serve as the receiving
provide a suitable working area for corporate heads, facilitators, employees, and other
5. Landscape & Open Areas These areas are functionally similar to communal
spaces, wherein it is intended to relieve overcrowding and give a sense of relief the
53
users. On the other hand, these areas have the distinction of being and external part of
the structure and holds floral decorations and massing to accentuate both the exterior
areas with well-conditioned acoustics, with the purpose of holding oratorical and
7. General Services These spaces houses the various branches of operations which
is responsible facility support and maintenance. These usually include kitchen, storage
8. Storage Facilities These are basically large enclosed areas, with minimal
accessibility to the public, which will house the supplies and all the necessary
components of exhibits and displays. These spaces are usually near the vicinity of
9. Function Halls Function halls are large multi-functional areas that accommodate
various types of events and services. These areas, with its nature, can also serve as an
11. Amenities These are spaces which cater to the basic necessities of the users.
Target Clients/users other than the staff. Specific targets are as follows:
a. Students & Children To meet the project goals and objectives, a focus or target
market for the structure will particularly be of students and people who seek interest
54
in learning. This is to complement the goal of emphasizing on the training and
education of the youth to meet green and sustainable ideologies and methods.
the project targets businessmen and business investors that primarily revolves around
retail and sales, to complement the retail and market opportunities presented in the
c. Local Inventors Local inventors, scientists and innovators are a target market for
the project for it will give them opportunities to showcase and share ideas with other
people. The project will give these targeted markets the freedom to express their
works and investments and will also be a learning curve for aspiring future inventors
and innovators.
engineers, scientists, lawyers etc. a focus target due to the nature of their impact to
society. Targeting these people into the market sphere of the project will be a benefit
each will have the opportunity to learn new concepts regarding green design in their
practice.
The analysis and case studies of possible sponsors, market partners and
suppliers is important for the projects feasibility. It will establish a scope and
framework for the business operations of the expo and will give an understanding on
the business investment opportunities involved. These involve companies and entities
55
1. Plantex Inc.
Plantex Corporation focuses on using indigenous, easy to get and sustainable raw
Plantex-greenproducts
All their products use natural plant extracts and are without the toxic, harmful
chemicals we all are wary of. Unknown to many, some of the ingredients used in
common soaps, detergents and cleansers are harmful, some even are suspected to be
carcinogens. Some of these ingredients likewise contaminate and pollute our rivers,
Plantexs packaging is all earth-friendly. They use recycled cardboards for boxes
and the recyclable varieties of plastics for the bottles. Another good thing: the
products are manufactured in the Philippines and most of the ingredients are also
sourced locally.
56
2. Whole Foods Market Inc.
Whole Foods Market is an American
standards for being "natural", which the store defines as: minimally processed foods
that are free of hydrogenated fats as well as artificial flavors, colors, sweeteners,
the "Top 25 Green Power Partners". The company also received the EPA Green Power
Award in 2004 and 2005 and Partner of the Year award in 2006 and 2007.
unrivaled among other automobile mass production companies. Toyota has spawned
notable vehicles that are highly functional and eco-friendly. Such examples are:
Toyota Prius
It was the first automotive manufacturer to pioneer hybrid (petrol/electric)
technology and produced the worlds first mass produced eco-vehicle, the Toyota
Prius. The Prius offers Toyotas Hybrid Synergy Drive, which integrates all aspects of
57
the Toyota Hybrid System, from the electric motor and petrol engine to electricity
conventional internal combustion engines, and 2.5 times the average fuel efficiency of
conventional vehicles.
Toyota iQ
In recent years, car manufacturers have been under huge pressure to increase the
fuel efficiency of their cars and cut CO2 emission rates. In 2008, Toyota introduced
the world to the iQ, which had a fuel consumption of 63mpg and CO2 emissions of
Year 2010. Now Toyota has gone one step further and is set to release an electric
version of the car. The Toyota iQ EV, which was unveiled at the Geneva Motor Show
this month, is set to go into production in 2012. The iQ EV comes with an all-electric
powertrain that uses a new compact lithium-ion battery, located under the cars floor.
To further support the objectives and to establish a more coherent system and
function of the project, the researcher needs to identify all the latest trends and
updated necessities related to the nature of the project. All the latest samples of Green
& Sustainable innovations and inventions will be studied particularly in the different
fields of professions, to complement the green expo and to gain an insight of the
In recent years, the fields of architecture and engineering have made big
58
negative environmental impacts. Such developments include the maximum utilization
of the natural environmental conditions for cooling and heating, the wide use of
photovoltaic cells in powering houses and buildings, and the use of green roof
technologies for reducing water run-off and Urban Heat Island effect. But newer and
solar panels in the current market. By mimicking and applying the micro-
physiological processes of a plant leaf, scientists were able to create a synthetic solar-
leaf material that produces 47 percent more electrical energy than the standard solar
cells. This technology also has the advantage of having a 600 percent more lighting
absorption, eliminating the problem of light energy efficiency loss. The standard solar
cells today experience a 70 percent energy efficiency loss when exposed to harsh
conditions such as bending, environmental exposure etc. but the new technology
maintains its high efficiency even with the same conditions. This technology is a great
example of the current trends that will shape Green and Sustainable construction.
59
While many designers are focusing on passive and active energy systems, the reuse of
artistic expression of sustainable design. Reusing materials from existing on site and
nearby site elements such as trees, structures, and paving is becoming a trend in the
built environment, however more unorthodox materials such as soda cans and tires are
minimize, and even to avoid the usage of combustible oils, as source of fuels and
energy. Developers sought an all-encompassing way to tackle the world oil crisis
while dealing with the product demands and environmental concerns, thus paving the
way for the development of eco-friendly fuel and most notably, Electric Powered
Vehicles.
Electric Vehicles
Battery-powered vehicles are not mainstream yet, but the demand for them is
of electric vehicles reached 100,000 in mid-2012. Electric vehicles are the next step
for green and eco-friendly transportation. They do not produce greenhouse gases that
deplete the ozone layer which contribute to Global Warming. Also, the natural
60
resources of the world can be spared by utilizing natural electrical-energy-generating
vehicles as the primary mode of transportation will yield vastly positive effects such
producing electric powered vehicles, or hybrid powered vehicles. Most notably, such
6.1 Introduction
To make a highly functional structure, the designer must meet the minimum
requirements and design standards of their respective project. To achieve this, one
61
must be fully aware of all the provisions and codes that regulate design, construction,
regarding the design of infrastructures along with its necessary facilities, based on its
The National Building Code of the Philippines allows for the regulation and
proper design of structures in the country. In relation to the project, the codes and
laws enumerated are all related to the proper design for a commercial buildings
and recreational facilities. These laws include provisions for user-space analysis,
window they replace. They shall be equipped with movable sashes or louvers of an
aggregate net area not less than that required for open-able parts in the window they
or polluted air.
62
(a) Roof Coverings. Roof coverings for all buildings shall be either fire-retardant or
Construction. The use of combustible roof insulation shall be permitted in all Types of
thereto.
(b) Roof Trusses. All roofs shall be so framed and tied into the framework and
supporting walls so as to form an integral part of the whole building. Roof trusses
shall have all joints well fitted and shall have all tension members well tightened
before any load is placed on the truss. Diagonal and sway bracing shall be used to
brace all roof trusses. The allowable working stresses of materials in trusses shall
conform to this Code. The minimum net section of the members after framing shall be
grandstands.
Posting of Room Capacity. Any room having an occupant load of more than
50 where fixed seats are not installed, and which is used for classroom,
assembly, or similar purpose, shall have the capacity of the room posted in a
conspicuous place near the main exit from the room. Approved signs shall be
maintained in a legible manner by the owner or his authorized agent, and shall
one exit. In all occupancies, floors above the first story having an occupant
load of more than 10 shall have not less than two exits. Each mezzanine used
for other than storage purposes, if greater in area than 185 square meters (2000
square feet), or if more than 18.00 meters (60 feet) in any dimension shall
63
have not less than two stairways to an adjacent floor. Every story or portion
thereof, having an occupant load of 500 to 999 shall have not less than three
occupant load served divided by 165 (in feet, by 50). Such width of exits shall
distance apart equal to not less than one-fifth of the perimeter of the area
served measured in a straight line between exits. Where three or more exits are
45.00 meters (150 feet) from an exterior exit door, a horizontal exit, exit
the installation of a door not less than 90 centimeters (3 feet) in width and not
less than 2.00 meters (6 feet, 7 inches) in height. When installed in exit
doorways, exits doors shall be capable of opening at least 90 degrees and shall
be so mounted that the clear width of the exitway is not less than 70
width.
(d) Corridors and Exterior Exit Balconies.
Width. Every corridor or exterior exit balcony shall be not less in which 1.12
64
Projections. The required width of corridors and exterior exit balconies shall
be unobstructed: Except, That trim, handrails, and doors when fully opened
when the dead ends does not exceed 6.00 meters (20 feet) in length.
that the building is highly functional and accessible to individuals and the general
to all people. This means that no criteria shall impede the use of facilities by either the
Entrances
1. Entrances should be accessible from arrival and departure points to the interior
lobby;
2. One (1) entrance level should be provided where elevators are accessible;
65
3. In case entrances are not on the same level of the site arrival grade, ramps should
material.
2. Whenever and wherever possible, walkways should have a gradient no more than
1:20 or 5%.
3. Walkways should have a maximum cross gradient of 1:100.
4. Walkways should have a minimum width of 1.20 meters.
5. If possible, gratings should never be located along walkways. When occurring
mm and shall not project more than 6.5 mm above the level of the walkway.
6. Walkways should have a continuing surface without abrupt pitches in angle or
route so that a wheelchair may pass another or turn around. These spaces should have
not only do these present a particular danger to the blind, but they also reduce the
66
11. Passageways for the disabled should not be obstructed by street furniture, bollards,
sign posts or columns along the defined route, as they can be hazardous.
on how to design structures with fire preventive measures. This is to ensure the
maximum safety of people, particularly users, and to prevent high deaths or any other
with access to any required exit or with visibility of any required exit or
of any required exit sign, nor shall any display block access to fire-fighting
equipment.
B. All displays or exhibits of combustible material or construction and all booths and
or protected as to avoid any undue hazard of fire which might endanger occupants
with a complete automatic fire suppression system, when the exhibition or display
area exceeds one thousand three hundred ninety four square meters (1394 m2). For
combustible materials not on display, storage room having an enclosure with a fire
resistance rating of at least two (2) hours and protected by an automatic fire
67
1. As assembly area of concentrated use without fixed seats such as an auditorium,
place of worship, dance floor, and lodge room: sixty-five hundredths (0.65) square
person.
4. The occupant load of an area having fixed seats shall be determined by the number
of fixed seats installed. Required aisle space serving the fixed seats shall not be used
the occupant load of the room posted in a conspicuous place near the main exit from
the room. Approved signs shall be maintained in legible manner. Signs shall be
durable and shall indicate the number of occupants permitted for each room.
6. In theaters and similar places of assembly where person are admitted to the
building at times when seats are not available for them and are allowed to wait in a
lobby or similar space until seats are available, such use of lobby or similar spaces
shall not encroach upon the required clear width of exits. Such waiting spaces shall be
restricted to areas other than the required means of egress. Exits shall be provided for
such waiting spaces on the basis of one person for each one-fourth
(0.25) square meters of waiting space area. Such exits shall be in addition to the exits
specified for the main auditorium area and shall conform in construction and
load shall not exceed one person in forty-six tenths square meters (0.46 m2); in areas
in excess of nine hundred thirty square meters (930 m2), the occupant load shall not
68
1. All places of assembly shall have exit lighting in accordance with Section 10.2.5.11
and signs in accordance with Section 10.2.5.12 of this IRR. All places of assembly
other projections are made by means of directed light, the illumination projections are
made by means of directed light, the illumination of the floors of exit access may be
reduced during such period projection to values of not less than two ten-thousandths
place of assembly and the other occupancy provided that the assembly area and the
other occupancy considered separately each have exits sufficient to meet the
aesthetic quality, design quality, and technical specifications of all approved aspects of
Buildings
a) Mixed use commercial buildings shall be located in the Triangle Exchange and
Emporium Districts.
69
b) Minimum of two uses shall be required for commercial mixed use buildings. As the
project size increases, the ground floor uses should increase proportionally.
c) Height to bulk ratio will be in accordance with the National Building Code
d) Mixed use commercial buildings may be built to line to liven up the streetscape
where storefronts flow into the sidewalks. They can also have a front setback not
exceeding five meters from the public right of way. Where the building front is
setback from the property line the space should be landscaped or paved in order to
establish functional and visual integration with the sidewalk. Fences are not
permitted to delineate the private space from the public right of way.
e) Buildings constructed on lots with 20 meters frontage may have zero side setbacks
footprint, height and other architectural and building positioning details will be
f) In the absence of a building podium and arcade, awnings, canopies and overhangs
are encouraged at the ground floor level and shall be an integral part of the design of
the buildings they are attached and should be compatible with the overall design in
terms of material, detail, massing and form. They shall be a minimum of three
g) Mixed use commercial buildings should have at least 30% active storefronts.
Active storefront street level businesses include retail, restaurants, outdoor sales and
walls, office space and other non-active uses at street level are discouraged.
70
h) Storefront design at street level should be transparent, open and inviting. The
transparent glass area should exceed the area of the solid wall.
j) Loading docks, trash storage, service courts and mechanical equipment shall be
Dedicate at least 7-10% of total gross floor area of all buildings or at least
50% of total ground floor area in residential sub-districts for retail uses
this end, at least 50% of total gross floor areas of the first floor of all buildings
commercial establishment.
All buildings in mixed use institutional and mixed use commercial areas are
corner must front towards the pedestrian oriented street. Where a building is located
the primary entrance of the building should be recognizable through its design from
1. The visual impact of mass and height of taller buildings will be prevented by
breaking down into smaller units its various mass defining elements by
mixing materials, colors, textures, details and building form.
2. Building scale variations should relate to pedestrian oriented uses along the street
(see Section 7.9 Building Bulk). This can be achieved by articulating setbacks or
horizontal
shifts where possible.
5. Buildings should highlight primary building entrances, corners or significant
architectural features. These features will establish the unique identify of each
building and at the same time harmonize it with the rest of the sub-district because of
decorative and functional elements such as lintels, sills, muntins, pilasters, piers and
other elements.
1. Building colors should be considered in the context of the whole block and District
Triangle Exchange and Emporium Districts. These include shades of blue, gray, green
and white. Warm pastel colors are encouraged for the Residences District. In
complimentary colors to break the monotony. Warm earth colors are encouraged for
the Downtown Hub District to complement the abundant green open spaces and
integrated into the roof form. Building roof forms should consider the context from
which they will be viewed (height, proportions and views from higher buildings)
4. Tower tops of buildings in Triangle Exchange and Emporium should be expressive
of the global nature of these two districts and the flair of QC-CBD. On the other hand,
gateway and landmark buildings should be capped with distinctive roof shapes,
towers and masts that communicate the visionary aspect of QC-CBD. Icon towers
should terminate in masts at the top which seek to express the poetic, lyrical nature of
the icons.
5. In Downtown Hub Parkway Sub-District and Institutional Sub-District roof shapes
sloping, conveying a residential sense. Roof lines should be varied and massed with
other buildings so that a distinctive family of buildings can be perceived from all
73
7. In Downtown Hub Medical Sub-District, roof shapes should convey an institutional
aesthetic. Roof lines should be varied in height and be massed with other buildings so
that a distinctive family of institutional buildings that form the sub-district can be
perceived.
8. In Commons Residential Towers the tops of the four residential towers should
forms.
7.1 Introduction
In determining the type of design focus for the project, various logical thought
processes and factors were taken into consideration. Firstly, the idea for the focus
revolved around the location and environment of the project. These involved the
identification of the climate and the topography of the project site. By taking these
components into consideration, the researcher determined that the focus should be
materials, technologies and architectural systems that will prevent problems, and
74
utilize and complement the tropical climate and the conditions of the site. This way
The design should relate to the function and purpose of the structure. Since the project
like the usage of massive amounts of available resources and energy, the need for
mass lighting; such as clean water, electricity etc. Thus the logical choice for a design
focus should be materials or strategies that will eliminate the said problems.
The primary design focus for the project will be the utilization of numerous
Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Glass Windows). Solar Glass Windows are a relatively
new technology. It has the mixed advantages of a regular Window and a Solar Panel,
where in, Solar Glass Windows allows light to enter the building while gathering solar
energy from the sun at the same ratio as traditional solar panels. This technology is a
fit choice for the project for it can solve the issue of the massive electricity
consumption of the building. This way, the buildings energy source will be more
Roof. This technology drastically reduces the surface run-off that contributes to
flooding, Urban Heat Island Effect, and overall building heating itself. This green roof
technology allows for the easy cooling of the structure in warm climates and vice-
versa. The technology also employs a rain collecting system on the layers of the roof,
wherein the water can be stored and used for flushing and water usage of the building.
LEED certified it is a good design focus for the structure if it center on green
75
7.2 Discussion of the Design Focus
Brief History
converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. It is a
form of photoelectric cell (in that its electrical characteristicse.g. current, voltage,
or resistancevary when light is incident upon it) which, when exposed to light, can
generate and support an electric current without being attached to any external voltage
source.
The term "photovoltaic" comes from the Greek (phs) meaning "light",
and from "Volt", the unit of electro-motive force, the volt, which in turn comes from
the last name of the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta, inventor of the battery
(electrochemical cell). The term "photo-voltaic" has been in use in English since
1849.
used specifically to refer to the generation of electricity from sunlight. Cells can be
described as photovoltaic even when the light source is not necessarily sunlight
(lamplight, artificial light, etc.). In such cases the cell is sometimes used as a
he built the world's first photovoltaic cell. Willoughby Smith first described the
76
that was published in the 20 February 1873 issue of Nature. However, it was not until
1883 that the first solid state photovoltaic cell was built, by Charles Fritts, who coated
the semiconductor selenium with an extremely thin layer of gold to form the
junctions. The device was only around 1% efficient. In 1888 Russian physicist
Aleksandr Stoletov built the first photoelectric cell based on the outer photoelectric
Photovoltaic modules often have a sheet of glass on the front (sun up) side, allowing
light to pass while protecting the semiconductor wafers from abrasion and impact due
to wind-driven debris, rain, hail, etc. Solar cells are also usually connected in series in
energy, the electricity is most often fed into the electricity grid using inverters (grid-
the energy that is not needed immediately. Solar panels can be used to power or
The PVGU is designed around the form factor of a standard insulated glass
unit (double paned window). A system of optics and photovoltaic cells is adhered to
which it hits the glass, concentrating all direct sunlight onto PV cells which are
mounted perpendicular to the glass panes. At the same time, diffused light is
transmitted through the unit and into the building. This allows the PVGU to
77
Glazing
cells. This unique ability allows the PVGU to obtain glazing transmission metrics
unlike any product on the market today. for angles where direct sunlight would be
78
incident on the window the PVGU blocks all direct sunlight thus creating a very low
solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC). At the same time diffused light is transmitted at a
rate corresponding to the visible transmittance (VT) of the glass specified. It is this
optimization of SHGC and VT that allows the PVGU to achieve an effective light-to-
membrane. It may also include additional layers such as a root barrier and drainage
and irrigation systems. Container gardens on roofs, where plants are maintained in
pots, are not generally considered to be true green roofs, although this is debated.
Rooftop ponds are another form of green roofs which are used to treat grey-water.
Green roofs serve several purposes for a building, such as absorbing rainwater,
providing insulation, creating a habitat for wildlife, and helping to lower urban air
temperatures and mitigate the heat island effect. There are two types of green roofs:
intensive roofs, which are thicker and can support a wider variety of plants but are
heavier and require more maintenance, and extensive roofs, which are covered in a
light layer of vegetation and are lighter than an intensive green roof.
79
7.2.4 Case Study: California Academy of Sciences ( Living Roof)
Francisco.
The native plants will provide habitat for a wide variety of wildlife. Beach
strawberries (Fragaria chiloensis) produce berries that attract native birds, self heal (Prunella
vulgaris) bears large tubular flowers that attract hummingbirds and bumble bees, sea pink
stonecrop (Sedum spathulitholium) produces nectar for the threatened San Bruno elfin
butterfly, tidy tips (Layia platyglossa) attract parasitic wasps and pirate bugs that feed on pest
insects, miniature lupine (Lupinus bicolor) and California poppies (Eschscholzia californica)
provide nectar for bees and butterflies, California plantain (Plantago erecta) hosts a variety of
butterfly larvae, and the bright yellow flowers produced by Goldfield plants (Lasthenia
Solar Glass Windows and Panels have a big effect in the overall performance
of the structure. By applying this technology to the facility, the design focus already
solves the main issues of the building, which is unsustainable energy consumption.
80
There will be reduced carbon emissions and reduced energy consumption once the
technology is put to the test. The building will become more efficient and will fulfill
the goals of the project which is to promote and showcase green strategies and
innovations. In this case, the design focus directly applies to the prime functions of
the building and can play an interactive part itself, as an attraction. The building can
The design focus is very applicable to the project. Considering that it basically
solves the majority of the problems in warm and humid climates such as cooling,
atmospheric humidity control, and rainwater control. With the Green Roof, the project
will not only succeed in a functional manner, but it will also succeed in an aesthetic
manner because this technology can be manipulated in a certain way that it can be
visible and interactive to the users. As a form of recreation, the green roof may also
serve as a walk able and circulatory space for the users. This way, the users can
7.4 Conclusion
The continual progress and innovation of building materials has brought
proficiency and better living environment for the people. As people continue to grow
and underlying problem continues to arise, Innovation and technology is the only real
focus it is vital that it will complement to the condition of the site area and proposed
the human species. That is why the design focus chosen about sustainable energy are
harnessing and how architecture can build up with the technology available today.
81
Application and functionality of the design focus should support the building
but must not supersede it. This will give balance and coherency for the sustainable
design solution for the building and its aesthetics. The design focus can bring design
innovation into the building and set forth a standard template where all future
developments will hold it as relevant. That is why the design focus ultimately
8.1 Introduction
The analysis of the different spaces of the desired building type will allow the
researcher to fully maximize the capacity of the structure. Particularly the relationship
of each structure based on their functionality and adjacency were examined and are
82
illustrated to give a coherent understanding of the whole framework of the spatial
design. Also as part of the space programming, all the necessary requirements and
facilities of all rooms were researched and included in the format. These included the
identification of the Users, Number of Users, Required Space Area for each user, and
the Area of furniture and fixture within the space/room. This will determine the users
primary, secondary and tertiary usage of the building, and flow of work, circulation
The users of the structure vary from different types. It includes local and
foreign spectators and may come from all the different types of people and class. The
researcher has classified the users in three levels and they are primary level users,
secondary level users and tertiary level users. These levels have their own distinctions
and definitions depending on their usage and activities inside the building.
These users are classified as the most that have total concentration and daily
activities inside the structure and are classified as having the most usage of the
facilities, regarding physical interaction and the time spent. They are the ones who
have a direct relation to the function of the facility and the ones who are always
making direct contact. These classifications of users are the people who have ample
visitation and normally guest of the building. The level includes facilitators and
83
employees of the expo, guest, touristic visitors, exhibitors, contractors, buyers & retail
renters, event organizers, event staffs, Company head or CEO, Employees of other
The role of Secondary users, are not as direct and frequent as Primary users.
These users are classified as having a passive usage of the facilities of the expo and
are usually occasional users brought about by indirect circulation and access of the
area. These include the occasional bystanders and visitors, and facility support
and Gardeners.
These classifications involve the spectators who have contact with the
structure from the outside. These users have the least interaction with the building.
Normally these people are the pedestrian people passing by the structure and vehicles
that pass by the avenues adjacent to the building. These types of users get a view of
the structure but have minimal, if any, direct physical interaction or stimulation to the
structure.
Target Clients/users other than the staff. Specific targets are as follows:
a. Students & Children To meet the project goals and objectives, a focus or target
market for the structure will particularly be of students and people who seek interest
84
in learning. This is to complement the goal of emphasizing on the training and
education of the youth to meet green and sustainable ideologies and methods.
the project targets businessmen and business investors that primarily revolves around
retail and sales, to complement the retail and market opportunities presented in the
c. Local Inventors Local inventors, scientists and innovators are a target market for
the project for it will give them opportunities to showcase and share ideas with other
people. The project will give these targeted markets the freedom to express their
works and investments and will also be a learning curve for aspiring future inventors
and innovators.
engineers, scientists, lawyers etc. a focus target due to the nature of their impact to
society. Targeting these people into the market sphere of the project will be a benefit
each will have the opportunity to learn new concepts regarding green design in their
practice.
The user behavior analysis will serve as a guide to the researcher in order to
understand the flow of activities rendered by its users. This analysis will explain the
simple flow of the users with respect to their department and involvement to the
specific area.
85
1. The Administrative Area This area is dedicated in controlling the facilities of
the building and its resources. This area is mostly focused on paper works and simple
and its processing from the raw ingredients to the signature meals served to the
guests.
86
3. Expo/Convention Centre Visitors - The common public that is guests or visitor of
a certain event.
87
8.4 User Space Function Analysis
User space function and analysis pertains to the study of the users of the
facilities and what activities are being done within the facilities. The researcher has
divided the project into five zones each with different functions and activities being
done. The following discussion and table below will explain the users of each zones
Exhibitors these are industry or companies that have rented the exhibition
spaces and have displayed activities and offered activities. The industry may
88
Buyers Buyers of the exhibits or products that can be seen in the convention
event.
Contractor The person in charge for the setting up of the exhibition
exhibitors.
Security personnel Secures the safety and security of the visitors and staff of
the events.
Business meeting people People that have regular business meetings on the
89
90
91
92
Table of Contents
Chapter I. Introduction.................................................................................................1
1.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................1
1.2 Background & Nature of the Problem.................................................................1
1.3 Statement of the Problem.....................................................................................3
1.4 Project Objectives................................................................................................4
1.4.1 Education....................................................................................................4
1.4.2 Business......................................................................................................5
93
2.13.2 Edmonton Expo Center...........................................................................25
4.2.2 Weaknesses...............................................................................................39
4.2.3 Opportunities............................................................................................40
4.2.4 Threats......................................................................................................40
6.1 Introduction............................................................................................................61
6.2 National Building Code..........................................................................................61
94
6.3 Accessibility Law...................................................................................................65
6.4 Fire Code................................................................................................................67
6.5 Additional Design Provisions.................................................................................70
Chapter VII. Design Focus..........................................................................................76
7.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................76
7.2 Discussion of the Design Focus............................................................................77
7.3 Applicability to the Project.....................................................................................82
7.4 Conclusion..............................................................................................................83
CHAPTER VIII. Space Programming and Analysis.................................................85
8.1 Introduction............................................................................................................85
8.2 User Profile & Identification..................................................................................85
8.3 User Behaviour Analysis........................................................................................88
8.4 User Space Function Analysis................................................................................90
8.5 Space Programming ( See Next Page)...................................................................91
95