Math 21a Triple integrals Fall 2016

RRR
1 Evaluate the integral E
(xz y 3 ) dV , where
E = {(x, y, z) : 1 x 1, 0 y 2, 0 z 1}.
Solution. We write the triple integral as an iterated integral, and evaluate:
Z 1 Z 2Z 1 Z 1Z z=1
3 xz 2 3 

xz y dz dy dx = y z dy dx
1 0 0 1 2 2 z=0
Z 2 Z 1 4 y=2
Z 
x xy y
= 11 y 3 dy dx =  dx
0 2 1 2 4 y=0
Z 1 x=1
x2 
= x 4 dx = 4x = 8.
1 2 x=1
RRR
2 Evaluate the integral E
x dV , where
E = {(x, y, z) : 0 x 1, x y x2 , y x z y + x}.
Solution. We write the triple integral as an iterated integral, and evaluate. Given the way
the solid E is described to us, the easy order of integration is dz dy dx.
Z 1 Z x2 Z y+x Z 1 Z x4
z=y+x
x dz dy dx = xz|z=yx dy dx
0 x yx 0 x
Z 1Z x2 Z
y=x2 1
2
= 2x2 y y=x dx
2x dy dx =
0 x 0
Z 1 x=1
4 3 2x5 x4  9
= 2x + 2x dx = +  = .
0 5 2 x=0 10

3 The plane cut out by the equation x + 2y + 3z = 6 passes through the points (6, 0, 0),
(0, 3, 0), and (0, 0, 2). Find the volume of the tetrahedron bounded by this plane and the
three coordinate planes.
Solution. Lets choose the order of integration to be dz dy dx this doesnt matter for this
problem. Heres how to figure out the bounds of integration:
Over the entire tetrahedron, the minimum x-coordinate is 0 and the maximum x-
coordinate is 6.
6x
For fixed x, y goes from 0 to 2
.
6x2y
For fixed x and y, z goes from 0 to 3
.
So here is the iterated integral: the volume is
Z 6 Z 6x Z 6x2y Z 6 Z 6x Z 6 2
2 3 2 6 x 2y x
1 dz dy dx = dy dx = x + 3 dx = 6.
0 0 0 0 0 3 0 12

We can verify this answer using geometry. Recall that the volume of a pyramid is one-
third the base times height, which in this case is 13 (9)(2) = 6.
 RRR
4 Evaluate the triple integral E
xy dV , where E is bounded by the parabolic cylinders
2 2
y = x and x = y , and the planes z = 0 and z = x + y.
Solution. Heres how to figure out the bounds. Recall that the innermost bounds can depend
on the other two variables, that the middle bounds can depend on the outermost variable,
and the outermost bounds must be constants.

Since z is given to us as between 0 and x + y, well use z as the innermost integral.

The order of dx dy doesnt matter, so well use dz dx dy.

If we project the entire solid to the xy-plane, its shadow is the region that is bounded

above by the curve x = y and bounded below by the curve x = y 2 , for 0 y 1.
This gives us the other bounds.

We have
Z 1 Z y Z x+y 1

y 1
y 5/2 y 3 y 7 y 6
Z Z Z
3
xy dz dx dy = xy(x + y) dx dy = + dy = .
0 y2 0 0 y2 0 3 2 3 2 26

E be the solid enclosed by the paraboloids z = x2 + y 2 and z = 8 (x2 + y 2 ).

5 Let RRR
Express E
z dV as an iterated integral in the order dz dy dx.
Solution.

Well use z as the innermost bound, and it goes from x2 + y 2 to 8 (x2 + y 2 ).

If we project the entire solid to the xy-plane, we get the disk of radius 2 centered
atthe origin. Weknow how to give bounds for such regions, e.g., 2 x 2 and
4 x2 y 4 x2 .

So heres the iterated integral:

Z 2 Z 4x2 Z 8x2 y 2

z dz dy dx
2 4x2 x2 +y 2

How might one begin to evaluate this integral? The presence of terms like x2 +y 2 and disks
might remind you of polar coordinates, and you would want convert (x, y) into polar coordi-
nates and integrate the resulting expression. But this is just the cylindrical coordinate system,
and well discuss triple integrals in cylindrical and spherical coordinates in more detail next
time!
R1RzR1
6 Rewrite the iterated integral 0 0 y2 f (x, y, z) dx dy dz

(a) In the order dx dz dy.

(b) In the order dy dx dz.

(c) In the order dz dy dx.

Solution.
(a) Here we leave the innermost bounds unchanged and swap from dy dz to dz dy. In the
yz-plane, the bounds describe a triangle:

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

So we have Z 1 Z 1 Z 1
f (x, y, z) dx dz dy.
0 y y2

(b) Starting from the original integral, we leave the outermost bounds unchanged and swap
from dx dy to dy dx, fixing z. We sketch the region:

y=z

x = y^2

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

So we have
Z 1 Z 1 Z min(x,z) Z 1 Z z2 Z
x Z 1 Z z
!
f (x, y, z) dy dx dz = f (x, y, z)dy dx + f (x, y, z) dy dx .
0 0 0 0 0 0 z2 0

(c) Its hard to swap non-adjacent integrals, so lets try switching from dx dz dy (from part
a) to dz dx dy, and then to dz dy dx. If we swap from dx dz to dz dx, holding y fixed, we
get Z Z Z 1 1 1
f (x, y, z) dz dx dy.
0 y2 y

Now swappng dx dy, we get

Z 1 Z x Z 1
f (x, y, z) dz dy dx.
0 0 y

If youre curious, heres what the 3D solid looks like: