GRADE 5 SCIENCE REVIEWER Waste Management Using the 5Rs Techniques

1st Grading Period

1. Reduce - to lessen the amount of trash that will
add up to the environment.
Landfill dumping site where waste materials are
covered with layers of soil so as not to pollute the 2. Reuse - to find another use for materials that
surrounding land. have already been used or that have already
served its purpose.
Safe or Non-toxic Harmful or Toxic
Wastes Wastes 3. Recycle to create a new product out of a
Paper, clothing, plant Used batteries, rubber material that has already served its purpose.
clippings, food scraps tires, paint
4. Recover to recover the energy that comes
from the trash itself.
Properties of Materials
Incineration technology one way of
1. Physical Properties can be identified using the generating energy from wastes; this method
five senses or some measuring tools. involves burning of piles of garbage in a huge
Characteristics: incinerator to produce heat and electricity.

a. Hardness - ability to resist pressure that may
cause deformation.
Ex. metal and wood
b. Brittleness ability to break easily.
Ex. glasses and porcelain
c. Flexibility ability to bend without breaking.
Ex. metal wires and plastic strings
d. Elasticity ability to be stretched and return to
its original position.
Ex. rubber band
Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)
where garbage collected are segregated
5. Repair to fix slightly broken things to make
them useful again.
Kinds of Changes
1. Physical Change a change in the form and
appearance of a material, with its composition
remaining the same.
Phase Change: (a change in temperature)

e. Conductivity ability to let heat and electricity a. Condensation gas to liquid

to pass through. b. Deposition gas to solid
Ex. metal scraps c. Evaporation liquid to gas
d. Freezing liquid to solid
f. Malleability ability to be hammered into thin e. Melting solid to liquid
sheets. f. Precipitation water vapor to liquid
Ex. silver, iron and aluminum g. Sublimation solid to gas

g. Ductility ability to be drawn into thin wires. 2. Chemical Change a change in appearance and
Ex. electrical wirings composition.

2. Chemical Properties evident when a certain Evidences:

material reacts with another material chemically.
Characteristics:
Combustibility ability to burn.
Ex. alcohol, wood, sawdust, dried leaves, paper,
wax, gasoline, kerosene, oil, thinner and varnish
Flammability ability to ignite or catch fire easily.
Ex. alcohol and gasoline
*Not all combustible materials are flammable.
Biodegradability ability to easily decompose.
a. Biodegradable
Ex. fruit and vegetable peelings, plant clippings,
dead plants and animals
b. Non-biodegradable
Ex. water bottles, tin cans, tires
a. Formation of a new product
Oxidation a chemical reaction that is
aided by oxygen.
Ex. a nail is exposed to oxygen and water, rust
starts to form on its surface
b. Formation of gas
Ex. a material is burning; gas in the form of
smoke is released together with the formation
of ashes
c. Release or absorption of heat
Ex. a metal is soaked in an acid, heat is released
as the metal starts to corrode or wear away due
to the acids strength
d. Formation of a precipitate
Ex. solid particles (called precipitate) are form
at the bottom of the container when milk spoils