Fem Report

ENGG942: Finite Element Methods in Engineering Due: 13/04/2017
CONTENTS
Aim
Background
A) Develop a Finite element model of the structure
Element 1
Element 2
Element 3
Element 4
Element 5
Element 6
Element 7
K Global for 7 elements
Nodal displacement
Stresses in each Element
Stress 1
Stress 2
Stress 3
Stress 4
Stress 5
Stress 6
Stress 7
B) ANSYS Workbench analysis
C) Design analysis
Conclusion
References
Appendix A
ANANDHU SAJEEVAN VARUN JAMES

AIM
The aim of this assignment is to analyse a lift platform and design the support arm AB and CD as
shown in figure by analysing stress at each elements and suggesting alternative solutions based on
the results. It is supposed to use carbon stel material for the arms of the lift and choose a cross
section area with no more than 4:1 raio of moment of inertia between the two principal direction
of cross section. This analysis is done with the help of using Finite element method and to compare
the nodal displacements obtained with the manually calculated displacements. Also, we are using
MATLAB to calculate the displacement and stresses of the elements
INTRODUCTION
Finite element analysis is the most efficient and accurate method of evaluating deformations in a component
when it is subjected to external or internal loads. It can calculates deformation at each node of an element
to form stiffness matrix for each elements and then helps in calculating the stress values. Therefore the
result yielded will be of more accurate and helps us in further analysis of the problem. Hence this method
of analysis is mostly adopted in all types of engineering fields especially in heat transfer, fluid and solid
mechanics for calculating stresses, pressure etc. Hence for our problem we tend to use Finite element
approach.
The procedure for doing the finite element analysis is described below.
A) Developing the finite element model of the lift platform
There are 7 members in this finite element lift platform model out of which members 1 to 4 are
selected as frame elements as it have displacements in x and y direction and angular displacements.
The degree of freedom for each node of frame element is three. Elements 5-6 is selected as truss
because it has no angular displacement and only has displacements in x and y directions. Element
7 is chosen as truss because it is taken as a static element.

The origin is marked in the figure below. The coordinates of all the nodes of all the elements are
found out from the dimensions given in figure 1 of each element and angles the required elements
were calculated by using trigonometry. The coordinates obtained for the nodes is showed in table.
X Y
Node 1 0 0.762
Node 2 0.8128 1.3716
Node 3 1.8288 2.133
Node 4 0 0.1524
Node 5 0.8128 0.762
Node 6 1.8288 1.5232
Node 7 1.524 0
A schematic representation of the structure is shown below.
The assumptions made for the elements are given below.

I. Element (1) is a frame as it has three degrees of freedoms. The element deforms in the X axis, Y
axis and has bending moment in the XY plane.

II. Element (2) is a frame as it has three degrees of freedoms. The element deforms in the X axis, Y
III. Element (3) is a frame as it has three degrees of freedoms. The element deforms in the X axis, Y
IV. Element (4) is a frame as it has three degrees of freedoms. The element deforms in the X axis, Y
V. Element (5) is a truss member as it has two degrees of freedoms. The element deforms in X axis
and Y axis.
VI. Element (6) is selected as a truss member as it has two degrees of freedoms. The element deforms
in X axis and Y axis.
VII. Element (7) is a truss member as it has two degrees of freedoms. The element deforms in X axis
and Y axis. The piston is assumed to be static and therefore the angle of orientation of the truss
does not change.
Hand Calculation
Now the type of cross section is selected as an I beam. The diagram and the dimensions of the I beam is
given below.
Element Value Unity
W1 0.09 m
W2 0.09 m
W3 0.093 m
t1 0.014 m
t2 0.014 m
t3 0.014 m
h 0.065 m
Ixx (For element 1, 2, 3 & 4 0.0000042933.86 m4
Ixx (For element 5, 6 & 7 0 m4
Iyy 0.000001717863.37 m4
A 0.00343 m2
E 2E+11 N/m2
I 0 m
L1 1.016 m
L2 1.27 m
L3 1.016 m
L4 1.27 m
L5 0.6098 m
L6 0.6098 m
L7 1.077 m

Consider element 1
Length of element 1:
= ( )2 + ( )2
L1 = (0.8128 0)2 + (1.3716 0.762)2
= 1.016 m
A = Area of cross section
A=W1*t1 + W2*t2 + h*t3
= 0.00343 2
Youngs modulus for carbon steel, E:

E=2*1011 pa
Moment of inertia of cross section across x-axis, I:
1 13 2 23 3 3
Ixx = + +
12 12 12
Ixx = 4.2393 * 106 m4

Moment of inertia of cross section across y-axis, I:
1 13 2 23 33
Iyy = + +
12 12 12
Iyy = 1.71786 * 106 m44
The frame stiffness matrix is given by

[k] =
u1 v1 1 u2 v2 2
u1 675196850.4 0 0 -675196850.4 0 0
v1 0 98249.43321 49910.71207 0 - 49910.71207
98249.43321
1 0 49910.71207 33806.18898 0 - 16903.09449
49910.71207
u2 -675196850.4 0 0 675196850.4 0 0
v2 0 -98249.43321 - 0 98249.43321 -
49910.71207 49910.71207
2 0 49910.71207 16903.09449 0 - 33806.18898
49910.71207
= 0.705133229
= -0.706261645

[]=
0.800194623 0.600377441 0 0 0 0
-0.600377441 0.800194623 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0.800194623 0.600377441 0
0 0 0 -0.600377441 0.800194623 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
[] =
0.800194623 -0.600377441 0 0 0 0
0.600377441 0.800194623 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0.800194623 -0.600377441 0
0 0 0 0.600377441 0.800194623 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
The global matrix for the element is formed by the equation
1 = [] []1 []
u1 v1 1 u2 v2 2
u1 353235509.3 264387326.5 -260564.33 - -264387326 -260564.33
353235509.3
v1 264387326.5 199221960.2 347285.161 - -199221960 347285.161
264387326.5
1 -260564.33 347285.161 293963.255 260564.3305 - 146981.627
347285.161
u2 -353235509 -264387326 260564.33 353235509.3 264387326 260564.33
v2 -264387326 -199221960 - 264387326.5 199221960 -
347285.161 347285.161
2 -260564.33 347285.161 146981.627 260564.3305 - 293963.255
347285.161

Consider element 2
= ( )2 + ( )2
L2 = 1.27m
A=W1*t1 + W2*t2 + h*t3
= 0.00343 2

E=2*1011 pa
1 13 2 23 3 3
Ixx = + +
12 12 12
Ixx = 4.2393 * 106 m4

1 13 2 23 33
Iyy = + +
12 12 12
Iyy = 1.71786 * 106 m44

[k] =
u1 v1 1 u2 v2 2
u1 440944881.9 0 0 -440944881.9 0 0
v1 0 437418.1977 277760.5555 0 -437418.1977 277760.5555
1 0 277760.5555 235170.6037 0 -277760.5555 117585.3018
u2 -440944881.9 0 0 440944881.9 0 0
v2 0 -437418.1977 -277760.5555 0 437418.1977 -277760.5555
2 0 277760.5555 117585.3018 0 -277760.5555 235170.6037
= 0.705133229
= -0.706261645
[]=
0.800194623 0.600377441 0 0 0 0
-0.600377441 0.800194623 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0.800194623 0.600377441 0
0 0 0 -0.600377441 0.800194623 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
[] =

0.800194623 -0.600377441 0 0 0 0
0.600377441 0.800194623 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0.800194623 -0.600377441 0
0 0 0 0.600377441 0.800194623 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
1 = [] []1 []
U2 V2 2 U3 V3 3
U2 - - - -
282499718. 211628067. 166761.171 282499718. 211628067. 166761.171
8 1 5 8 1 5
V2 - -
211628067. 159220020. 222262.503 211628067. 159220020. 222262.503
1 9 1 1 9 1
2 - -
166761.171 222262.503 235170.603 166761.171 222262.503 117585.301
5 1 7 5 1 8
U3 - -
282499718. 211628067. 166761.171 282499718. 211628067. 166761.171
8 1 5 8 1 5
V3 - - - -
211628067. 159220020. 222262.503 211628067. 159220020. 222262.503
1 9 1 1 9 1
3 - -
166761.171 222262.503 117585.301 166761.171 222262.503 235170.603
5 1 8 5 1 7
Consider element 3
= ( )2 + ( )2
L2 = 1.016 m
A=W1*t1 + W2*t2 + h*t3

= 0.00343 2

E=2*1011 pa
1 13 2 23 3 3
Ixx = + +
12 12 12
Ixx = 4.2393 * 106 m4

1 13 2 23 33
Iyy = + +
12 12 12
Iyy = 1.71786 * 106 m44
k] =
U4 V4 4 U5 V5 5
U4 551181102.4 0 0 -551181102.4 0 0
V4 0 854332.4173 434000.868 0 -854332.4173 434000.868
4 0 434000.868 293963.2546 0 -434000.868 146981.6273
U5 -551181102.4 0 0 551181102.4 0 0
V5 0 -854332.4173 -434000.868 0 854332.4173 -434000.868
5 0 434000.868 146981.6273 0 -434000.868 293963.2546

= 0.705133229
= -0.706261645
[]=
0.800194623 0.600377441 0 0 0 0
-0.600377441 0.800194623 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0.800194623 0.600377441 0
0 0 0 -0.600377441 0.800194623 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
[] =
0.800194623 -0.600377441 0 0 0 0
0.600377441 0.800194623 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0.800194623 -0.600377441 0
0 0 0 0.600377441 0.800194623 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
1 = [] []1 []

U4 V4 4 U5 V5 5
U4 - - - -
353235509. 264387326. 260564.330 353235509. 264387326. 260564.330
3 5 5 3 5 5
V4 - -
264387326. 199221960. 264387326. 199221960.
5 2 347285.161 5 2 347285.161
4 -
260564.330 293963.254 260564.330 146981.627
5 347285.161 6 5 -347285.161 3
U5 - -
353235509. 264387326. 260564.330 353235509. 264387326. 260564.330
3 5 5 3 5 5
V5 - -
264387326. 199221960. 264387326. 199221960.
5 2 -347285.161 5 2 -347285.161
5 - -
166761.171 222262.503 117585.301 166761.171 222262.503 235170.603
5 1 8 5 1 7
Consider element 4
= ( )2 + ( )2
L2 = 1.27 m
A=W1*t1 + W2*t2 + h*t3
= 0.00343 2

E=2*1011 pa
1 13 2 23 3 3
Ixx = + +
12 12 12
Ixx = 4.2393 * 106 m4


1 13 2 23 33
Iyy = + +
12 12 12
Iyy = 1.71786 * 106 m44
[k] =
U5 V5 5 U6 V6 6
U5 440944881.9 0 0 -440944881.9 0 0
V5 0 437418.1977 277760.5555 0 -437418.1977 277760.5555
5 0 277760.5555 235170.6037 0 -277760.5555 117585.3018
U6 -440944881.9 0 0 440944881.9 0 0
V6 0 -437418.1977 -277760.5555 0 437418.1977 -277760.5555
6 0 277760.5555 117585.3018 0 -277760.5555 235170.6037

= 0.705133229
= -0.706261645
[]=
0.800194623 0.600377441 0 0 0 0
-0.600377441 0.800194623 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0.800194623 0.600377441 0
0 0 0 -0.600377441 0.800194623 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
[] =
0.800194623 -0.600377441 0 0 0 0
0.600377441 0.800194623 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0.800194623 -0.600377441 0
0 0 0 0.600377441 0.800194623 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
1 = [] []1 []
U5 V5 5 U6 V6 6
U5 - - - -
282499718. 211628067. 166761.171 282499718. 211628067. 166761.171
8 1 5 8 1 5
V5 - -
211628067. 159220020. 222262.503 211628067. 159220020. 222262.503
1 9 1 1 9 1

5 - -
166761.171 222262.503 235170.603 166761.171 222262.503 117585.301
5 1 7 5 1 8
U6 - -
282499718. 211628067. 166761.171 282499718. 211628067. 166761.171
8 1 5 8 1 5
V6 - - - -
211628067. 159220020. 222262.503 211628067. 159220020. 222262.503
1 9 1 1 9 1
6 - -
166761.171 222262.503 117585.301 166761.171 222262.503 235170.603
5 1 8 5 1 7
Consider element 5
= ( )2 + ( )2
L5 = 0.6098 m
A=W1*t1 + W2*t2 + h*t3

= 0.00343 2

E=2*1011 pa
Ixx = 0
Iyy = 0

[k] =
U2 V2 2 U5 V5 5
U2 918333880 0 0 -918333880 0 0
V2 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 0 0
U5 -918333880 0 0 918333880 0 0
V5 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 0 0 0 0 0 0
= 0.705133229
= -0.706261645

[]=
0 1 0 0 0 0
-1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 -1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
[] =
0 -1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 -1 0
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
1 = [] []1 []
U2 V2 2 U5 V5 5
U2 0 0 0 0 0 0
V2 918333880 -918333880
0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 0 0
U5 0 0 0 0 0 0
V5 0 918333880
0 -918333880 0 0
5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Consider element 6
= ( )2 + ( )2
L5 = 0.6098 m

A=W1*t1 + W2*t2 + h*t3

= 0.00343 2

E=2*1011 pa
Ixx = 0
Iyy = 0
[k] =
U2 V2 2 U5 V5 5
U2 918333880 0 0 -918333880 0 0
V2 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 0 0
U5 -918333880 0 0 918333880 0 0
V5 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 0 0 0 0 0 0
= 0.705133229
= -0.706261645
[]=
0 1 0 0 0 0
-1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 -1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
[] =
0 -1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 -1 0
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
1 = [] []1 []

U3 V3 3 U6 V6 6
U3 0 0 0 0 0 0
V3 0 918333880 -918333880
0 0 0
3 0 0 0 0 0 0
U6 0 0 0 0 0 0
V6 -918333880 918333880
0 0 0 0
6 0 0 0 0 0 0
Consider element 7
= ( )2 + ( )2
L5 = 1.077m
A=W1*t1 + W2*t2 + h*t3
= 0.00343 2

E=2*1011 pa
Ixx = 0
Iyy = 0

[k] =
U5 V5 5 U7 V7 7
U5 519962859.8 0 0 -519962859.8 0 0
V5 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 0 0 0 0 0 0
U7 -519962859.8 0 0 519962859.8 0 0
V7 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 0 0 0 0 0 0
= 0.705133229
= -0.706261645
[]=

0.705133229 -0.706261645 0 0 0 0
0.706261645 0.705133229 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0.705133229 -0.706261645 0
0 0 0 0.706261645 0.705133229 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
[] =
0.705133229 0.706261645 0 0 0 0
-0.706261645 0.705133229 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0.705133229 0.706261645 0
0 0 0 -0.706261645 0.705133229 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
1 = [] []1 []
U5 V5 5 U7 V7 7
U5 -
0 258532226.2 -258945952 0 258532226.2 258945952
V5 0 -258945952 259360340 0 258945952 -259360340
5 0 0 0 0 0 0
U7 -
0 258532226.2 258945952 0 258532226.2 -258945952
V7 0 258945952 -259360340 0 -258945952 259360340
7 0 0 0 0 0 0
The global stiffness matrix is given by

[]

The force matrix is given by

M1 0
2X 0
2Y 0
M2 0
X3 5560
Y3 4173
M3 0
O4 0
X5 0
Y5 0
M5 0
6X -5560
6Y -5508
M6 0
After gauss elimination, the inverse of the matrix is given by

[K]-1[F] = U
The Displacement Matrix is given by
1X 0.001506077 0.15060766
1Y 2.92963E-05 0.00292963
-
2X -1.65377E-05 0.001653767
2Y -0.003103164 -0.31031636
3X 0.005331932 0.533193226
-
3Y -0.007059258 0.705925846
-
4X -0.008864714 0.886471385
4Y 0.001531179 0.153117934
-
5X -8.29497E-06 0.000829497
-
5Y -1.49031E-05 0.001490308
-
6X -0.003082866 0.308286634
6Y 0.005256728 0.525672757
-
7X -0.007059986 0.705998646
-
7Y -0.008850423 0.885042344
The individual displacement for the matrixes are given by
Element 1 Element 2
u1 0 u2 2.39164E-05
v1 0 v2 -1.3501E-05
o1 0.013341497 o2 -0.026757292

u2 2.39164E-05 u3 0.045879191
v2 -1.3501E-05 v3 -0.061110104
o2 -0.026757292 o3 -0.076880778
Element 3
u4 0
v4 0
o4 0.013361991
u5 -6.77165E-06
v5 -1.2166E-05
o5 -0.026740723
Element 4 Element 5
u5 -6.77165E-06 u2 2.39164E-05
v5 -1.2166E-05 v2 -1.3501E-05
o5 -0.026740723 o2 -0.026757292
u6 0.0458178 u5 -6.77165E-06
v6 -0.061110698 v5 -1.2166E-05
o6 -0.076869114 o5 -0.026740723
Element 6 Element 7
u3 0.045879191 u5 -6.77165E-06
v3 -0.061110104 v5 -1.2166E-05
o3 -0.076880778 o5 -0.026740723
u4 0 u7 0
v4 0 v7 0
o4 0.013361991 o7 0
Finding B matrix for all elements 1-4
While considering the frame
Finding B matrix for elements 5-7 use formula for B matrix of truss

For elements 5 and 6

B matrix is the same
The B matrix for elements are given by

The stress and strain values are given below
Now finding Strain
Conclusion
The values obtained from hand calculation, ANYSYS and MATHLAB appears to be similar with
slight variations.
But in emergency case, since there is only slight variation in stresses between Matlab and ANSYS,
we can consider them to be final solution. Go with ANSYS value. So for ansys value, we advise
to reduce load applied or try to increase cross-sectional area of the elements.
Group participants:

This assignment is done by ARUN SATHISH SK and AVINASH ED. We both contributed
equally to solve this assignment. We divided the work load, ANSYS is done by Avinash ED,
Matlab is worked by Arun Sathish SK, and for hand calculations element stiffness matrix is formed
Avinash, stress calculation is done by Arun Sathish SK whereas Global stiffness matrix is
formulated by both. Final reported is completed by Arun Sathish SK.

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ENGG942: Finite Element Methods in Engineering Due: 13/04/2017

ANANDHU SAJEEVAN VARUN JAMES

ANANDHU SAJEEVAN VARUN JAMES

A schematic representation of the structure is shown below.

The assumptions made for the elements are given below.

ANANDHU SAJEEVAN VARUN JAMES

Element Value Unity

Ixx (For element 1, 2, 3 & 4 0.0000042933.86 m4

Ixx (For element 5, 6 & 7 0 m4

ANANDHU SAJEEVAN VARUN JAMES

L1 = (0.8128 0)2 + (1.3716 0.762)2

Youngs modulus for carbon steel, E:

Ixx = 4.2393 * 106 m4

Iyy = 1.71786 * 106 m44

The frame stiffness matrix is given by

ANANDHU SAJEEVAN VARUN JAMES

ANANDHU SAJEEVAN VARUN JAMES

The global matrix for the element is formed by the equation

ANANDHU SAJEEVAN VARUN JAMES

Youngs modulus for carbon steel, E:

Ixx = 4.2393 * 106 m4

Iyy = 1.71786 * 106 m44

The frame stiffness matrix is given by

ANANDHU SAJEEVAN VARUN JAMES

ANANDHU SAJEEVAN VARUN JAMES

The global matrix for the element is formed by the equation

A=W1*t1 + W2*t2 + h*t3

ANANDHU SAJEEVAN VARUN JAMES

Youngs modulus for carbon steel, E:

Ixx = 4.2393 * 106 m4

Iyy = 1.71786 * 106 m44

The frame stiffness matrix is given by

ANANDHU SAJEEVAN VARUN JAMES

The global matrix for the element is formed by the equation

ANANDHU SAJEEVAN VARUN JAMES

A=W1*t1 + W2*t2 + h*t3

Youngs modulus for carbon steel, E:

Ixx = 4.2393 * 106 m4

ANANDHU SAJEEVAN VARUN JAMES

Iyy = 1.71786 * 106 m44

The frame stiffness matrix is given by

ANANDHU SAJEEVAN VARUN JAMES

The global matrix for the element is formed by the equation

ANANDHU SAJEEVAN VARUN JAMES

A=W1*t1 + W2*t2 + h*t3

Youngs modulus for carbon steel, E:

The frame stiffness matrix is given by

ANANDHU SAJEEVAN VARUN JAMES

ANANDHU SAJEEVAN VARUN JAMES

The global matrix for the element is formed by the equation

ANANDHU SAJEEVAN VARUN JAMES

A = Area of cross section

A=W1*t1 + W2*t2 + h*t3

Youngs modulus for carbon steel, E:

The frame stiffness matrix is given by

ANANDHU SAJEEVAN VARUN JAMES

The global matrix for the element is formed by the equation

ANANDHU SAJEEVAN VARUN JAMES

A=W1*t1 + W2*t2 + h*t3

Youngs modulus for carbon steel, E:

The frame stiffness matrix is given by

ANANDHU SAJEEVAN VARUN JAMES

ANANDHU SAJEEVAN VARUN JAMES

The global matrix for the element is formed by the equation

A=W1t1 + W2t2 + h*t3

A=W1t1 + W2t2 + h*t3

A=W1t1 + W2t2 + h*t3

A=W1t1 + W2t2 + h*t3

A=W1t1 + W2t2 + h*t3