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This chapter presents the survey of related literature and studies that provide the
Related Literature
microscope must accomplish three tasks: produce a magnified image of the specimen,
separate the details in the image, and render the details visible to the human eye or
camera. This group of instruments includes not only multiple-lens designs with objectives
and condensers but also very simple single lens devices that are often hand-held, such as
a magnifying glass.
Dendere et. al. (2015), emphasized that the expansion in global cellphone network
cellphone microscopy has also benefitted from the availability of low-cost miniature
result, researchers are developing hardware and software techniques that would enable
where there is a shortage of the skilled labor required for conventional microscopy and
where the prevalence of infectious and other diseases is still high. In this paper, we
review current techniques, clinical applications and challenges faced in the field of
cellphone microscopy.
In accordance with the previous statements, Cot and Pirnstill (2015) stated that
there is a high fidelity and high optical resolution cell-phone based polarized light
microscopy systems but at much lower cost and complexity. The detection of malaria in
fixed and stained blood smears is presented using both, a conventional polarized
microscope and our cell-phone based system. The cell-phone based polarimetric
microscopy design shows the potential to have both the resolution and specificity to
engineering and bioengineering at the UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and
Applied Science named Aydogan Ozcan, and his team have created a portable
smartphone attachment that can be used to perform sophisticated field testing to detect
viruses and bacteria without the need for bulky and expensive microscopes and lab
On the other hand, Skandarajah et. al. (2014) focused on microscopic optical
imaging using a custom mobile phone microscope that is compatible with phones from
multiple manufacturers. They used all versions of the iPhone and a selection of Android
phones released between 2007 and 2012 and showed that phones with greater than 5 MP
By accommodating the differences between mobile phone cameras and the scientific
cameras, mobile phone microscopes can be reliably used to increase access to
optical instrument using lens. Tiny things like microorganisms cannot be seen by naked
eye so the researchers conducted this study to determine if using smartphones is a good
optical instrument.