According to Weissberg and Buker (1990), there are five elements in the introductory

sections of research paper. First stage is general statements about the field of research. Then,
state specific statements about the aspect of problem that already studied by the other
researchers. Third stage is the statement that indicates the need for more investigation. Next,
giving a very specific statement that explains the purpose of the study ensued by giving optional
statement that give a value or justification for carrying out the study

In 1990, John Swales had set up a Create-a-Research-Space model for research articles
introductions in Genre Analysis. This model was quite successful but brought some backsides
too. In this model, three major moves had been introduced to make the introduction section of
research paper well-defined which are M1 (Establishing a territory), M2 (Establishing a niche),
and M3 (Occupying the niche). To enhance this model, in term of niche establishment, Swales
(2004) replaced the previous four steps with two rhetorical steps which are in indicating a gap
and giving additional information after considering several modifications reported in past
studies (eg. Anthony, 1999; Samraj, 2002).. However, some comparisms are made with Lewin,
Fine and Young (2001). As cited in Swales (2004), which stated three part structure which is
the first move that is to claim relevance of field, secondly, to establish the gap present research
which is meant to fill, and thirdly is previewing authors new accomplishments.

However, some genre analysts have different views in regard to the extent to which his
latest model could provide more consistent and reliable scheme for analyzing niche
establishments in certain academic disciplines. They are more preferred to use Swales previous
framework and stated that the 1990 model was more universally used than the 2004 version.
Hirano (2009) indicated that its continual adoption was ascribable to the research tradition that
had developed around the 1990 model. Hirano (2009), using Swales (1990) model as an
analytical tool and explores the rhetorical organization of 20 research article Introductions in
Brazilian Portuguese and in English within a subfield of Applied Linguistics. The findings
indicate that 100 Introductions in Brazilian Portuguese tend to follow a pattern different from
that of the model, whereas Introduction in English follows it closely.

Studies into the research articles (RA) of different academic disciplines have suggested
numerous generic structures for various sections of the RA, which consists of a series of
different moves and steps. An interesting move which has been identified by past studies is a
move in which writers evaluate their own research. It was found that a form of self- evaluation
was occasionally present in RAs of different fields notably with regard to the research results
obtained and/or the overall study. (May Siaw-Mei Liu, Jason Miin-Hwa Lim, 2014). For
instance, in a study on sociology articles, Brett (1994) incorporated a communicative category
evaluation of finding, which was actually an evaluation of research findings done either by
confirming that the findings match a hypothesis or by highlighting that it was different from
the earlier assumed premise(s). Apart from Brett (1994), Lim (2005) also proposed a move
(i.e., evaluating findings) to evaluate research results in his study of management RAs. The
three constituent steps (consisting of supporting a hypothesis, rejecting a hypothesis, and
indicating mixed results) in Lims (2005) proposed move are coterminous to Bretts (1994)
rhetorical categories apart from an additional step where mixed results may be indicated.