R5 6 7

DETUNED AND HARMONIC R.5/6/7.01 GB

FILTERING BANKS
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Indice
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

Introduction. What are harmonics? Page

Most usual harmonics 4
How to deal with a fault caused by harmonics or disturbances 5
Identifying the type of fault 5
Description of the faults and their causes 6
Bank resonance 6
Overload in cables, machinery and switches 8
Phase unbalance 8
Neutral overload: third harmonic 9
Interferences in electronic equipment. high frequencies 9
Solutions for ltering and disturbances
Power factor correction in presence of harmonics 10
Banks with detuned lters FR / FRE Series 11
Hybrid absorption lters FAR-Q / FARE-Q Series 16
Harmonic ltering 19
Passive or absorption lters, NETPASIVE 19
Regulated absorption lter far-h Series 20
Filter for converters lcl Series 23
Active lters 26
Multipurpose active corrector, NETACTIVE APF 28
Active correcor, NETACTIVE AF 30
Equipment for neutral unloading 32
isolation transformer TSA 32
Third harmonic lter FB3 series 34
High-frequency lters EMR series 35
where to connect ltering equipment 37
Examples of applications 39
Practical example of hybrid lter FAR-Q 39
Practical example of LCL lter for converters 40
Practical example of LCL-TH lter 41
Practical example of APF lter 42
Practical example of fb3 lter 43
Required information for studying harmonics 44
Dimensions 46

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Introduction. What are harmonics?

Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

Non lineal loads such as: rectifiers, inverters, speed drivers,
ovens, etc, absorb non senoidal, periodical currents.
These currents are formed by a fundamental frequency component
of 50 or 60 Hz, plus a series of superimposed currents in multiples
of the fundamental frequency which are called HARMONICS.
The result is a deformation of voltage and current which brings
about a series of secondary associated effects.

General concepts

A series of parameters is used to measure harmonics. A denition of some of them is given below:

Harmonic order (n):

Ratio between the harmonic frequency (fn) and the fundamental frequency (f1). Using a fundamental frequency of 50 Hz
/ 60 Hz.
Supply frequency
n (harmonic order)
50 Hz 60 Hz
5 250 Hz 300 Hz

7 350 Hz 420 Hz

11 550 Hz 660 Hz

Individual distortion rate (Un % or In %):

Ratio expressed in rates per hundred between the effective value of a current or voltage harmonic (Un o In) and the effective
value of the corresponding fundamental component.

For example:

U1 I1 U5 I5 U (%) I (%)
400 V 327 A 18 V 53 A 4,5 % 16 %

Residual harmonic:
Difference between the total voltage or current and the corresponding fundamental value.

Distortion rate THD % (U) or THD % (I):

Ratio in rates per hundred between the effective value of the residual harmonic in voltage or current and the corresponding
effective value of the fundamental component.

For example:

Fundamental 5th 7th 11th 13th THD (%)

I 327 A 224 A 159 A 33,17 A 9A 84,6 %
U 400 V 20 V 17 V 6V 2V 6,7 %

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Most common harmonics
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

The following table shows the most usual loads generating harmonics, their current waveform and their harmonic
spectrum.

Type of load Waveform Harmonic spectrum THD (I)

6 pulse converters:
Speed drivers
SAI
Three-phase rectiers
Electrolisys and
galvanie bath converters

Discharge ligthing
S i n g l e - p h a s e
converters
Lighting lines
Computer lines
Audio and video
equipment

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How to deal with a fault caused by harmonics or disturbances

Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

Guide to the selection of harmonic or disturbance ltering equipment

Measurements taken in the installation (see page 44) Installation design. Analysis of loads (see pages 37-38)

Type of ltering equipment

Fault identication Solutions for disturbance
A (page 5) B ltering (page 10)
Number of equipments

Main LV board
Installation location for equip-
C ment (page 37)
Secondary boards

Disturbing loads

A Identication of type of fault

Faults Causes Solutions Equipos

After disconnecting the

capacitors: Resonance in the Detuned lter
Overload in capacitors capacitor bank with the Resonance banks FR, FRE,
Problems with transformer as a result elimination FAR Q, FARE Q
electronic controls of existing harmonics series
Transformer vibrations

Neutral overload in lines Blocking or

for: Circulation of third correcting lter in Blocking systems
Lighting harmonic (homopolar) third harmonic Active lters
Computers
Type of faults

Overheating and
overload in:
Phase cables Absorption lters
Transformers Existence of harmonics Harmonic ltering
FAR H, LCL, FAR-Q
Motors in different ranges Active lters
Automatic circuit NETACTIVE
breakers

Existence of high
Trips in: frequency current Earth leakage Reactors LR(1)
Earth leakage circuit leakages. Caused by protection and Immunized Earth
breakers EMI lters Filtering leakage relays (2)

Active lter
Unbalanced lines + Unequal distribution of Phase balancing NETACTIVE
harmonics in neutral single phase loads and harmonic (Three phase)
ltering (Single phase)

Conducted and
Interference with radiated high High frequency EMR lters
electronic equipment frequencies ltering (EMI) LR reactors

(1) See catalogue P7 / (2) See catalogue P1

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Description of faults and their causes
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

Resonance in the bank

Connecting a capacitor bank in an installation may cause the existing harmonics to be amplied.
Amplication is understood to mean the increase in the harmonic distortion rates both in voltage and in current.
To be able to understand this phenomenon a typical installation will be studied.
In order to do this, the single wire diagram for the installation is shown for an equivalent electrical circuit with three types
of receivers:
Harmonic generators
Receivers which do not generate a disturbance in the electrical system
Capacitor banks (harmonic sinks)

Installation diagram Equivalent electrical diagram

Provision of parallel resonance

The posibility of resonance in the system depends on:

Harmonic order (n) to which the system resonates.

This is calculated by the following formula:

Scc: transformer short-circuit power

Q : capacitor bank reactive power

Existence of harmonics at the resonance frequency

Situation with other loads in the system (active power consumed)

EXAMPLE OF RESONANCE
Below are two comparative graphs of an installation with a high level of harmonics showing the situation before and after
connecting a capacitor bank.

Measurement without capacitor bank Measurement with capacitor bank

In consequence, the THD(I) and THD(U) values are increased

For more information, see FR / FRE

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Amplication

Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

Once the circuit has been designed, it is then analysed. In order to simplify the example the most unfavourable case
is shown. That is to say an installation with only one general power transformer, a capacitor bank and a harmonic
generating load.

As can be seen, the resulting circuit is for a reactor in

parallel (transformer + system) and a capacitor (bank) with
current sources (harmonics).

Under these conditions parallel resonance is produced

and as a consequence harmonics are amplied.

Causes
Parallel resonance: increase in the transformer circuit impedance + system and bank at a certain frequency level

Consequences of the amplication

Amplication: as a consequence of the resonance, increase in harmonic voltages and therefore in THD (U)
High currents in each of the L and C sections
Breakers tripping, isolation damage, etc.

The amplication is seen in the systems impedance curve

in terms of frequency.

Here a high degree of impedance with regard to the

initial system value without capacitors can be seen in the
curve.

The consequences of this are detailed in the following

sequence:

Voltage and current

signal distortion
Increase in Z5 -->
Transformer + bank Consequently an Capacitor overload
therefore increase
+5th and 7th harmo- increase in THD(U) Machine vibrations
in U5
nic injection Problems with electronic
U5 = I5 * Z5
controls
Breakers tripping, isola-
tion damage.

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Overload in cables machinery and automatic switches
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

In an installation where harmonic distortion rates are high, the real current and voltage values may be signicantly
increased in terms of the fundamental, generating overloads and consequently overheating.

In order to be able to understand this fault, the RMS value is dened, that is to say, the true effective value of the signal,
taking into account the fundamental component and the existing harmonic components.

Therefore, a clear consequence of the increase in the RMS value in current is the increase in the level of losses. There
are two types of losses:

Losses in the copper (Joule effect)

Magnetic losses (hysteresis or Foucauld)

As can be seen in the example, the RMS current value is 631 A while the fundamental component value is 536 A. This
means an 18% more current with regard to the fundamental. Furthermore, the steel used as magnetic core gets overheat
due to the existing harmonics.

See harmonic ltering

phase unbalance

The spread of single phase loads in three-phase lines always

gives rise to unbalance in the current phase. These unbalance
currents will be of more or less importance depending on the type
of distribution.

Unbalance existing in a three-phase system gives rise to the

generation of a resulting current which passes through the neutral
conductor.

Furthermore, if the value of the unbalance currents is added to the

component in the third harmonic, the RMS value passing through
neutral will be the total of both values.

See phase balance equipment

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Neutral overload: third harmonic (zero phase sequence currents)

Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

Third harmonics are added in neutral giving rise to zero phase sequence components.
These components are added to the unbalance in the consumption and may give rise to overload problems in the neutral
conductor.

Loads which cause harmonics in multiples of three are:

Electronic equipment (computers)

Single phase rectiers, loads operating with the electric arc such as discharge lamps, welding equipment etc.

These loads, normally single phase, are connected between phase and neutral and therefore close the circuit for the
return of a third harmonic through neutral.

Therefore, at these points where the loads are located at the main power transformer, neutral conductors transport the
existing third harmonic component from each of the three phases.

Taking into account that loads such as discharge lamps may generate up to 30% of its current in the third harmonic, the
neutral current value may reach values near to or above the phase current.

See equipment for neutral discharge

Interferences in electronic equipment . High frequencies (10 ... 30 kHz)

High frequency disturbances are usually produced by electronic

converters used in speed drivers, both in DC and in AC and in the
UPS.

These high frequency disturbances are called EMI disturbances and are
caused by sudden changes in voltage and current caused by transistor
switching or IGBT.

There are two types of HF disturbances:

Differential mode disturbances

The coming and going of high-frequency disturbing currents are caused

by phase and/or neutral conductors.

Common mode disturbances

Disturbing currents pass in one direction through the phases and neutral and return through the protection conductor.
These signals may cause the PLC, computers and control equipment operating with low signal levels to malfunction.

See HF lters

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B Solutions for ltering disturbances
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

Given that there are different types of faults, different types of equipment are required to neutralise them.

There are basically ve categories in which all the equipment is grouped according to the required objectives:

B.1: Power factor correction in presence of harmonic currents

B.2: Harmonic ltering
B.3: Neutral unloading
B.4: HF ltering
Phase unbalance (see MULTI-PURPOSE NETACTIVE, page 28)

B.1 Power factor correction in presence of harmonic currents

Power factor correction in systems with signicant harmonic content may be undertaken using two different objectives,
as shown in the following diagram:

Correction power facotr in presence of harmonics.

Absorption and factor

FR/FRE series detuned lters
correction lters
Elimination of resonances
FAR-Q and FARE-Q series

Fixed lters Automatic lters Automatic lters

FRM
FRF FR FRE FAR-Q FARE-Q
Automatic
Fuse With With static With With static
switch
protection contactors contactors contactors contactors
protection
(page 12) (page 11) (page 11) (page 16) (page 16)
(page 12)

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Banks with FR / FRE detuned lters

Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

Banks with FR / FRE detuned lters are designed for correcting
reactive energy in systems where the harmonic content is high
and where there is a risk of resonance.

Their aim is to correct reactive energy by avoiding any

amplification effect in the harmonic currents, caused by
resonances between transformer and capacitors, thereby
preventing the overload of harmonics in the capacitor banks.

These lters are equipped with lter reactors, with a p = 7 % factor

to avoid the amplication of harmonics above 189 Hz and the
attenuation of existing harmonics.

To avoid frequencies lower than 189 HZ (third harmonic) we must

use p=14% lters.

Functions of a FR / FRE detuned lter

Protecting the system by displacing resonance outside frequencies

at which harmonics are injected. The amplification effect is therefore
avoided.

Protecting the capacitors against overloads generated by amplied

voltages.

Selection of an FR / FRE bank

In order to select an FR /FRE bank the following information is required:
Reactive power (histogramma)
Measurement in the installation to check:
Harmonic content or possibility of resonance
Speed of load variation. This will assist in determining the type of regulating technology (contactors or electronic using
thyristors)

Connecting an FR / FRE bank

FR/ FRE banks are connected normally on the main distribution board or on secondary boards if it is a large installation.

One step FRF /FRM xed capacitors. The usual location is mounting them on the installations power transformer
secondary.

Classication of detuned lters according to the form of correction

As with capacitor banks, detuned lters may be:
Fixed detuned lters. For correcting power transformers and motors (FRF /FRM).
Automatic detuned lters. For tracking variable loads.

Equipment will be based on the speed of load variation

FR Series. Equipped with electro-mechanical contactors.
FRE Series. Equipped with static, thyristor based contactors. This solution allows a very rapid operating speed and low
maintenance because of the absence of moving mechanical parts.

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Comments on the data tables
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

(1) Switch

The switch calibre required by the bank is supplied, but this is not included in the standard product references. This is
an optional part.

(2) Power connection cables

The recommended cable diameters for the banks are given in the following tables. Considerations used for their selection
are:

Sizing criteria 1.4 times the banks rated current

The diameters are for unipolar, copper cables with XLPE air insulation (type F, perforated band), with an ambient
temperature of 40 C and without reducing coefcients for grouping several different lines.
15 m distance between general board and bank
It is recommended that the cable diameter is calculated using actual data, both for the length and for the channel type
and cable used.

FR 12 / FRE 12 cabinets

FR 12 / FRE 12 cabinets comprise two FR 6 / FRE 6 cabinets. Therefore, two independent power cable inputs are
required.
Consequently, as they are banks equipped with switches, one is assembled in each FR 6 / FRE 6 cabinet
(total: two switches)

FRF / FRM Fix lters: FRF fuse protection/ FRM automatic switch protection

400 V / 50 Hz
FRF FRM
kvar A kg Cable diameter (2) Dimensions (mm) Type Code Type Code
20 29 78 10 490 x 960 x 420 FRF-20-400 R55150 FRM-20-400 R57150
30 43 82 16 490 x 960 x 420 FRF-30-400 R55170 FRM-30-400 R57170
40 58 85 25 490 x 960 x 420 FRF-40-400 R55180 FRM-40-400 R57180
50 72 90 35 820 x 960 x 420 FRF-50-400 R55190 FRM-50-400 R57190
60 87 96 50 820 x 960 x 420 FRF-60-400 R551A0 FRM-60-400 R571A0
80 116 110 70 820 x 960 x 420 FRF-80-400 R551B0 FRM-80-400 R571B0

480 V / 60 Hz
FRF FRM
kvar A kg Cable diameter (2) Dimensions (mm) Type Code Type Code
20 29 78 10 490 x 960 x 420 FRF-20-480 R5515700A FRM-20-480 R5715700A
30 43 82 16 490 x 960 x 420 FRF-30-480 R5517700A FRM-30-480 R5717700A
40 58 85 25 490 x 960 x 420 FRF-40-480 R5518700A FRM-40-480 R5718700A
50 72 90 35 820 x 960 x 420 FRF-50-480 R5519700A FRM-50-480 R5719700A
60 87 96 50 820 x 960 x 420 FRF-60-480 R551A700A FRM-60-480 R571A700A
80 116 110 70 820 x 960 x 420 FRF-80-480 R551B700A FRM-80-480 R571B700A

FR Automatic lters: FR with contactors

FRP 400 V / 50 Hz
Cable Weight Dimensions
kvar Composition A Switch (1) Type Code
diameter (2) Kg (mm)
105 15 + (3 x 30) 152 250 A 95 360 980x2000x520 FRP-105-400 R52405
120 4 x 30 173 400 A 95 365 980x2000x520 FRP-120-400 R52410
135 15 + (4 x 30) 195 400 A 120 385 980x2000x520 FRP-135-400 R52415
150 5 x 30 217 400 A 120 390 980x2000x520 FRP-150-400 R52420
165 15 + (5 x 30) 238 400 A 150 395 980x2000x520 FRP-165-400 R52425
180 6 x 30 260 400 A 150 415 980x2000x520 FRP-180-400 R52430

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FR Automatic lters: FR with contactor

Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

FR6 400 V / 50 Hz
Cable Weight
kvar Composition A Switch (1) Dimensions mm Type Code
diameter (2) kg
210 30 + (3 x 60) 303 630 A 185 436 1100x2000x800 FR6-210-400 R53405
240 4 x 60 347 630 A 240 460 1100x2000x800 FR6-240-400 R53410
280 40 + (3 x 80) 405 630 A 2 x 120 460 1100x2000x800 FR6-280-400 R53415
320 4 x 80 462 1000 A 2 x 150 486 1100x2000x800 FR6-320-400 R53420
360 40 + (4 x 80) 520 1000 A 2 x 185 523 1100x2000x800 FR6-360-400 R53425
400 5 x 80 578 1000 A 2 x 240 550 1100x2000x800 FR6-400-400 R53430
440 40 + (5 x 80) 636 1000 A 2 x 240 587 1100x2000x800 FR6-440-400 R53435
480 6 x 80 694 1000 A 2 x 240 614 1100x2000x800 FR6-480-400 R53440
FR8 400 V / 50 Hz
520 40 + (6 x 80) 751 1600 A 3 x 185 701 1500x2000x800 FR8-520-400 R56436
560 7 x 80 809 1600 A 3 x 185 740 1500x2000x800 FR8-560-400 R56438
600 40 + (7 x 80) 867 1600 A 3 x 240 820 1500x2000x800 FR8-600-400 R56440
640 8 x 80 925 1600 A 3 x 240 860 1500x2000x800 FR8-640-400 R56442
FR12 400 V / 50 Hz
680 40 + (8 x 80) 983 2 x 1600 A 3 x 240 1009 2200x2000x800 FR12-680-400 R54425
720 9 x 80 1040 2 x 1600 A 4 x 185 1036 2200x2000x800 FR12-720-400 R54430
760 40 + (9 x 80) 1098 2 x 1600 A 4 x 240 1073 2200x2000x800 FR12-760-400 R54435
800 10 x 80 1156 2 x 1600 A 4 x 240 1100 2200x2000x800 FR12-800-400 R54440
840 40 + (10 x 80) 1214 2 x 1600 A 4 x 300 1137 2200x2000x800 FR12-840-400 R54445
880 11 x 80 1272 2 x 1600 A 4 x 300 1164 2200x2000x800 FR12-880-400 R54450
920 40 + (11 x 80) 1329 2 x 1600 A 4 x 300 1201 2200x2000x800 FR12-920-400 R54455
960 12 x 80 1387 2 x 1600 A 4 x 300 1228 2200x2000x800 FR12-960-400 R54460

FRP 480 V / 60 Hz
Cable Weight
kvar Composition A Switch (1) Dimensions mm Type Code
diameter (2) kg
105 15 + (3 x 30) 126 200 A 70 360 980x2000x520 FRP-87,5-480 R52E150001
120 4 x 30 145 250 A 95 365 980x2000x520 FRP-100-480 R52E200001
135 15 + (4 x 30) 163 250 A 95 385 980x2000x520 FRP-112,5-480 R52E250001
150 5 x 30 181 400 A 95 390 980x2000x520 FRP-125-480 R52E300001
165 15 + (5 x 30) 199 400 A 120 395 980x2000x520 FRP-137,5-480 R52E350001
180 6 x 30 217 400 A 120 415 980x2000x520 FRP-150-480 R52E400001
FR6 480 V / 60 Hz
210 35 + 35 + (2 x 70) 253 400 A 150 460 1100x2000x800 FR6-210-480 R53E150001
245 35 + (3 x 70) 295 630 A 185 460 1100x2000x800 FR6-245-480 R53E200001
280 4 x 70 338 630 A 240 486 1100x2000x800 FR6-280-480 R53E250001
315 35 + (4 x 70) 380 630 A 2 x 120 523 1100x2000x800 FR6-315-480 R53E300001
350 5 x 70 422 630 A 2 x 150 550 1100x2000x800 FR6-350-480 R53E350001
385 35 + (5 x 70) 464 1000 A 2 x150 587 1100x2000x800 FR6-385-480 R53E400001
420 6 x 70 506 1000 A 2 x 185 614 1100x2000x800 FR6-420-480 R53E450001
FR8 480 V / 60 Hz
455 35 + (6 x 70) 548 1000 A 2 x 185 701 1500x2000x800 FR8-455-480 R56E150001
490 7 x 70 590 1000 A 2 x 240 740 1500x2000x800 FR8-490-480 R56E250001
525 35 + (7 x 70) 634 1000 A 2 x 240 820 1500x2000x800 FR8-525-480 R56E350001
560 8 x 70 674 1000 A 2 x 240 860 1500x2000x800 FR8-560-480 R56E450001
FR12 480 V / 60 Hz
595 35 + (8 x 70) 716 2 x 1000 A 3 x 185 1009 2200x2000x800 FR12-595-480 R54E150001
630 9 x 70 759 2 x 1000 A 3 x 185 1036 2200x2000x800 FR12-630-480 R54E300001
665 35 + (9 x 70) 801 2 x 1000 A 3 x 185 1073 2200x2000x800 FR12-665-480 R54E450001
700 10 x 70 843 2 x 1000 A 3 x 240 1100 2200x2000x800 FR12-700-480 R54E650001
735 35 + (10 x 70) 885 2 x 1000 A 3 x 240 1137 2200x2000x800 FR12-735-480 R54E800001
770 11 x 70 927 2 x 1000 A 3 x 240 1164 2200x2000x800 FR12-770-480 R54E900001
840 12 x 70 1012 2 x 1000 A 4 x 185 1228 2200x2000x800 FR12-840-480 R54EA00001

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FRE Automatic lters: FRE with static contactors
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

FRE P 400 V / 50 Hz
Cable Weight
kvar Composition A Switch (1) Dimensions mm Type Code
diameter (2) kg
105 15 + (3 x 30) 152 250 A 95 360 980x2000x520 FRE P-105-400 R62405
120 4 x 30 173 400 A 95 365 980x2000x520 FRE P-120-400 R62410
135 15 + (4 x 30) 195 400 A 120 385 980x2000x520 FRE P-135-400 R62415
150 5 x 30 217 400 A 120 390 980x2000x520 FRE P-150-400 R62420
165 15 + (5 x 30) 238 400 A 150 395 980x2000x520 FRE P-165-400 R62425
180 6 x 30 260 400 A 150 415 980x2000x520 FRE P-180-400 R62430
FRE6 400 V / 50 Hz
210 30 + (3 x 60) 303 630 A 185 436 1360x2000x800 FRE6-210-400 R63405
240 4 x 60 347 630 A 240 460 1360x2000x800 FRE6-240-400 R63410
280 40 + (3 x 80) 405 630 A 2 x 120 460 1360x2000x800 FRE6-280-400 R63415
320 4 x 80 462 1000 A 2 x 150 486 1360x2000x800 FRE6-320-400 R63420
360 40 + (4 x 80) 520 1000 A 2 x 185 523 1360x2000x800 FRE6-360-400 R63425
400 5 x 80 578 1000 A 2 x 240 550 1360x2000x800 FRE6-400-400 R63430
440 40 + (5 x 80) 636 1000 A 2 x 240 587 1360x2000x800 FRE6-440-400 R63435
480 6 x 80 694 1000 A 2 x 240 614 1360x2000x800 FRE6-480-400 R63440
FRE8 400 V / 50 Hz
520 40 + (6 x 80) 751 1600 A 3 x 185 701 1760x2000x800 FRE8-520-400 R65452
560 7 x 80 809 1600 A 3 x 185 740 1760x2000x800 FRE8-560-400 R65454
600 40 + (7 x 80) 867 1600 A 3 x 240 820 1760x2000x800 FRE8-600-400 R65456
640 8 x 80 925 1600 A 3 x 240 860 1760x2000x800 FRE8-640-400 R65458
FRE12 400 V / 50 Hz
680 40 + (8 x 80) 983 2 x 1600 A 3 x 240 1009 2720x2000x800 FRE12-680-400 R64425
720 9 x 80 1040 2 x 1600 A 4 x 185 1036 2720x2000x800 FRE12-720-400 R64430
760 40 + (9 x 80) 1098 2 x 1600 A 4 x 240 1073 2720x2000x800 FRE12-760-400 R64435
800 10 x 80 1156 2 x 1600 A 4 x 240 1100 2720x2000x800 FRE12-800-400 R64440
840 40 + (10 x 80) 1214 2 x 1600 A 4 x 300 1137 2720x2000x800 FRE12-840-400 R64445
880 11 x 80 1272 2 x 1600 A 4 x 300 1164 2720x2000x800 FRE12-880-400 R64450
920 40 + (11 x 80) 1329 2 x 1600 A 4 x 300 1201 2720x2000x800 FRE12-920-400 R64455
960 12 x 80 1387 2 x 1600 A 4 x 300 1228 2720x2000x800 FRE12-960-400 R64460

FRE P 480 V / 60 Hz
Cable Weight
kvar Composition A Switch (1) Dimensions mm Type Code
diameter (2) kg
105 15 + (3 x 30) 126 200 A 70 360 980x2000x520 FRE P-87,5-480 R62E150001
120 4 x 30 145 250 A 95 365 980x2000x520 FRE P-100-480 R62E200001
135 15 + (4 x 30) 163 250 A 95 385 980x2000x520 FRE P-112,5-480 R62E25001
150 5 x 30 181 400 A 95 390 980x2000x520 FRE P-125-480 R62E300001
165 15 + (5 x 30) 199 400 A 120 395 980x2000x520 FRE P-137,5-480 R62E350001
180 6 x 30 217 400 A 120 415 980x2000x520 FRE P-150-480 R62E400001
FRE6 480 V / 60 Hz
210 35 + 35 + (2 x 70) 253 400 A 150 460 1360x2000x800 FRE6-210-480 R63E150001
245 35 + (3 x 70) 295 630 A 185 460 1360x2000x800 FRE6-245-480 R63E200001
280 4 x 70 338 630 A 240 486 1360x2000x800 FRE6-280-480 R63E250001
315 35 + (4 x 70) 380 630 A 2 x 120 523 1360x2000x800 FRE6-315-480 R63E300001
350 5 x 70 422 630 A 2 x 150 550 1360x2000x800 FRE6-350-480 R63E350001
385 35 + (5 x 70) 464 1000 A 2 x150 587 1360x2000x800 FRE6-385-480 R63E400001
420 6 x 70 506 1000 A 2 x 185 614 1360x2000x800 FRE6-420-480 R63E450001
FRE8 480 V / 60 Hz
455 35 + (6 x 70) 548 1000 A 2 x 185 701 1760x2000x800 FRE8-455-480 R65E150001
490 7 x 70 590 1000 A 2 x 240 740 1760x2000x800 FRE8-490-480 R65E200001
525 35 + (7 x 70) 634 1000 A 2 x 240 820 1760x2000x800 FRE8-525-480 R65E250001
560 8 x 70 674 1000 A 2 x 240 860 1760x2000x800 FRE8-560-480 R65E300001

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FRE12 480 V / 60 Hz
Cable Weight
kvar Composition A Switch (1) Dimensions mm Type Code

Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

diameter (2) kg
595 35 + (8 x 70) 716 2 x 1000 A 3 x 185 1009 2720x2000x800 FRE12-595-480 R64E150001
630 9 x 70 759 2 x 1000 A 3 x 185 1036 2720x2000x800 FRE12-630-480 R64E200001
665 35 + (9 x 70) 801 2 x 1000 A 3 x 185 1073 2720x2000x800 FRE12-665-480 R64E250001
700 10 x 70 843 2 x 1000 A 3 x 240 1100 2720x2000x800 FRE12-700-480 R64E300001
735 35 + (10 x 70) 885 2 x 1000 A 3 x 240 1137 2720x2000x800 FRE12-735-480 R64E350001
770 11 x 70 927 2 x 1000 A 3 x 240 1164 2720x2000x800 FRE12-770-480 R64E400001
840 12 x 70 1012 2 x 1000 A 4 x 185 1228 2720x2000x800 FRE12-840-480 R64E450001

Features

Electrical features Ventilation Natural

400 V a.c. to 50 Hz Mounting Floor
Power supply voltage (phase-phase) 480 V a.c. to 60 Hz
Environmental conditions
Other voltages on request
Operating temperature -10 / +35 C
Insulation level 3 / 15 kV
Installation Indoors
Auxiliary voltage 230 V a.c.
Parts
Construction features
Capacitors CF for FR / CF-6B for FRE
Treated and painted steel
Cabinet material Frame RAL 1013 MAGIC for FR
Doors RAL 3005 Regulator
computer 8df/14df for FRE
Protection grade IP 20 IEC 61642, IEC 60831,
Standards
IEC 60439, IEC 60289
Locking system Lock and key

Reactor features Capacitor features

R / RX/ RE RB / RBX /RBE Electrical features
Electrical features Overcurrent 1,3 In permanent
400 V a.c. 10 %, 8 out of 24 hours
Voltage
480 V a.c. 15 %, up to 15 minutes out of 24 hours
Overvoltage
20 %, up to 5 minutes out of 24 hours
Frequency 50 60 Hz 30 %, up to 1 minute out of 24 hours
Power According to type Insulation level 3 / 15 kV
Permanent Tolerance -5 / +15 %
Transient 1,17 In
Overload (1 minute) 2 In Discharge resistance 75 V/3 minutes
Tolerance 3% Frequency 50 or 60 Hz
Insulating voltage 4 kV Losses:
< 0,2 W / Kvar
. Dielectric
Lineality (5% of L) 1,8 In < 0,5 W / Kvar
. Total
Construction features . . Dielectric Regeneration
Grain orientated Multiple gap grain . Internal fuse
Core material Protecciones
coating orientated coating . Over pressure system
. Vermiculite
Conductor material Copper wire Aluminium strip
Mechanical features
Insulation Vacuum vermish threatment
Casing Treated and painted steel RAL 3005
Protection grade IP 00
Protection grade IP 42 on Terminal cover
Temperature category Clase F (155C)
CEI 60831-1, CEI 70/7, UNE 20827,
Standards IEC-289, IEC-076 Standards
UNE 20010, BS 1650, VDE 560

Options
Power supply transformer
Interruptor manual
Automatic switch
Forced ventilation
Earth leakage protection
Open door direct contact protection (IP 20)
Other regulators

R5/6/7-15
 R.5/6/7
Hybrid absorption lters
FAR-Q / FARE-Q series
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

FAR-Q / FARE-Q are designed to correct reactive energy in

systems with moderate harmonic distortion, i.e. systems where
the aim is to improve power factor and at the same time lter
harmonics.

The difference with FR / FRE detuned filters stems from the

fact that this equipment is capable of absorbing the content of
harmonics in the system.

Functions of the FAR-Q / FARE-Q

FAR-Q lters operate as an automatic detuned lter bank (FR). This means that the steps are regulated by a computer
8d/14d or computer 8df/14df reactive energy regulators operating in terms of reactive power.

Also, the design of the FAR-Q capacitors and reactors facilitate the absorption of harmonic currents in the 5th and 7th range
while they are correcting.
Therefore the FAR-Q series is different because is corrects reactive together with ltering moderately contaminated
systems, whilst cleaning existing harmonic currents in the system.

Correction and Filtering Capacity

Options for correction and ltering will obviously depend on the equipments reactive power as well as the harmonic
absorbing capacity.

The following tables show the reactive power and the lter amperes in standard steps at 50 and 60 Hz.

Filtering capacity 400 V / 50 Hz Filtering capacity 480 V / 60 Hz

kvar Current 5th
Current 7 th kvar Current 5th Current 7th
(A) (A) (A) (A)
37,5 20 10 35 20 10
75 40 20 70 40 20

CONNECTION

Connection is in the same way as a capacitor bank with detuned lters would be connected. This means in the ideal
location where the reactive correction equipment is to be assembled.

Therefore, connection is on the main board or on secondary boards in large installations.

Selection of a FAR-Q lter

The following criteria have to be met when selecting a FAR-Q lter:
Determining the reactive power in the installation
5th and 7th harmonic current level in the installation

There are two options for FAR-Q lters:

FAR-Q lters operated by electro-mechanical contactors
FARE-Q lters operated by thyristors. This equipment is designed for those systems with fast load uctuations.

R5/6/7-16
 R.5/6/7
FAR-Q

Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

FAR5-Q6 400 V / 50 Hz
th
IRMS 5 7th Weight
kvar Composition Dimensions mm Type Code
(A) (A) (A) kg
112,5 3 x 37,5 176 60 30 436 1100x2000x800 FAR5-Q6-112,5-400 R7C101
150 4 x 37,5 234 80 40 460 1100x2000x800 FAR5-Q6-150-400 R7C102
187,5 5 x 37,5 293 100 50 460 1100x2000x800 FAR5-Q6-187,5-400 R7C103
225 6 x 37,5 351 120 60 480 1100x2000x800 FAR5-Q8-225-400 R7C104
262,5 37,5 + (3 x 75) 410 140 70 460 1100x2000x800 FAR5-Q6-262,5-400 R7C105
300 4 x 75 469 160 80 486 1100x2000x800 FAR5-Q6-300-400 R7C106
337,5 37,5 + (4 x 75) 527 180 90 523 1100x2000x800 FAR5-Q6-337,5-400 R7C107
375 5 x 75 586 200 100 550 1100x2000x800 FAR5-Q6-375-400 R7C108
FAR5-Q8 400 V / 50 Hz
412,5 37,5 + (5 x 75) 644 220 110 687 1500x2000x800 FAR5-Q8-412,5-400 R7C109
450 6 x 75 703 240 120 690 1500x2000x800 FAR5-Q8-450-400 R7C110
487,5 37,5 + (6 x 75) 761 260 130 700 1500x2000x800 FAR5-Q8-487,5-400 R7C111
525 7 x 75 820 280 140 740 1500x2000x800 FAR5-Q8-525-400 R7C112
FAR5-Q12 400 V / 50 Hz
562,5 37,5 + (7 x 75) 878 300 150 950 2200x2000x800 FAR5-Q12-562,5-400 R7C113
600 8 x 75 937 320 160 980 2200x2000x800 FAR5-Q12-600-400 R7C114
637,5 37,5 + (8 x 75) 996 340 170 1009 2200x2000x800 FAR5-Q12-637,5-400 R7C115
675 9 x 75 1054 360 180 1036 2200x2000x800 FAR5-Q12-675-400 R7C116
712,5 37,5 + (9 x 75) 1113 380 190 1073 2200x2000x800 FAR5-Q12-712,5-400 R7C117
750 10 x 75 1171 400 200 1100 2200x2000x800 FAR5-Q12-750-400 R7C118

FAR6-Q6 480 V / 60 Hz
IRMS 5th 7th Weight
kvar Composition Dimensions mm Type Code
(A) (A) (A) kg
105 3 x 35 166 60 30 436 1100x2000x800 FAR6-Q6-105-480 R7C401
140 4 x 35 221 80 40 460 1100x2000x800 FAR6-Q6-140-480 R7C402
175 5 x 35 276 100 50 460 1100x2000x800 FAR6-Q6-175-480 R7C403
210 6 x 35 331 120 60 480 1100x2000x800 FAR6-Q6-210-480 R7C404
245 35 + (3 x 70) 387 140 70 460 1100x2000x800 FAR6-Q6-245-480 R7C405
280 4 x 70 442 160 80 486 1100x2000x800 FAR6-Q6-280-480 R7C406
315 35 + (4 x 70) 497 180 90 523 1100x2000x800 FAR6-Q6-315-480 R7C407
350 5 x 70 552 200 100 550 1100x2000x800 FAR6-Q6-350-480 R7C408
FAR6-Q8 480 V / 60 Hz
385 35 + (5 x 70) 608 220 110 687 1500x2000x800 FAR6-Q8-385-480 R7C409
420 6 x 70 663 240 120 690 1500x2000x800 FAR6-Q8-420-480 R7C410
455 35 + (6 x 70) 718 260 130 700 1500x2000x800 FAR6-Q8-455-480 R7C411
490 7 x 70 773 280 140 740 1500x2000x800 FAR6-Q8-490-480 R7C412
FAR6-Q12 480 V / 60 Hz
525 35 + (7 x 70) 829 300 150 950 2200x2000x800 FAR6-Q12-525-480 R7C413
560 8 x 70 884 320 160 980 2200x2000x800 FAR6-Q12-560-480 R7C414
595 35 + (8 x 70) 939 340 170 1009 2200x2000x800 FAR6-Q12-595-480 R7C415
630 9 x 70 994 360 180 1036 2200x2000x800 FAR6-Q12-630-480 R7C416
665 35 + (9 x 70) 1050 380 190 1073 2200x2000x800 FAR6-Q12-665-480 R7C417
700 10 x 70 1105 400 200 1100 2200x2000x800 FAR6-Q12-700-480 R7C418

R5/6/7-17
 R.5/6/7
FARE-Q
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

FARE5-Q6 400 V / 50 Hz
th
IRMS 5 7th Weight
kvar Composition Dimensions mm Type Code
(A) (A) (A) kg
112,5 3 x 37,5 176 60 30 436 1630x2000x800 FARE5-Q6-112,5-400 R7D101
150 4 x 37,5 234 80 40 460 1630x2000x800 FARE5-Q6-150-400 R7D102
187.5 5 x 37,5 293 100 50 460 1630x2000x800 FARE5-Q6-187,5-400 R7D103
225 6 x 37,5 351 120 60 480 1630x2000x800 FARE5-Q8-225-400 R7D104
262,5 37,5 + (3 x 75) 410 140 70 460 1630x2000x800 FARE5-Q6-262,5-400 R7D105
300 4 x 75 469 160 80 486 1630x2000x800 FARE5-Q6-300-400 R7D106
337,5 37,5 + (4 x 75) 527 180 90 523 1630x2000x800 FARE5-Q6-337,5-400 R7D107
375 5 x 75 586 200 100 550 1630x2000x800 FARE5-Q6-375-400 R7D108
FARE5-Q8 400 V / 50 Hz
412,5 37,5 + (5 x 75) 644 220 110 687 1760x2000x800 FARE5-Q8-412,5-400 R7D109
450 6 x 75 703 240 120 690 1760x2000x800 FARE5-Q8-450-400 R7D110
487,5 37,5 + (6 x 75) 761 260 130 700 1760x2000x800 FARE5-Q8-487,5-400 R7D111
525 7 x 75 820 280 140 740 1760x2000x800 FARE5-Q8-525-400 R7D112
FARE5-Q12 400 V / 50 Hz
562,5 37,5 + (7 x 75) 878 300 150 950 2720x2000x800 FARE5-Q12-562,5-400 R7D113
600 8 x 75 937 320 160 980 2720x2000x800 FARE5-Q12-600-400 R7D114
637,5 37,5 + (8 x 75) 996 340 170 1009 2720x2000x800 FARE5-Q12-637,5-400 R7D115
675 9 x 75 1054 360 180 1036 2720x2000x800 FARE5-Q12-675-400 R7D116
712,5 37,5 + (9 x 75) 1113 380 190 1073 2720x2000x800 FARE5-Q12-712,5-400 R7D117
750 10 x 75 1171 400 200 1100 2720x2000x800 FARE5-Q12-750-400 R7D118

FARE6-Q6 480 V / 60 Hz
IRMS 5th 7th Weight
kvar Composition Dimensions mm Type Code
(A) (A) (A) kg
105 3 x 32,5 166 60 30 436 1630x2000x800 FARE6-Q6-105-480 R7D401
140 4 x 32,5 221 80 40 460 1630x2000x800 FARE6-Q6-140-480 R7D402
175 5 x 32,5 276 100 50 460 1630x2000x800 FARE6-Q6-175-480 R7D403
210 6 x 32,5 331 120 60 480 1630x2000x800 FARE6-Q6-210-480 R7D404
245 32,5 + (3 x 65) 387 140 70 460 1630x2000x800 FARE6-Q6-245-480 R7D405
280 4 x 65 442 160 80 486 1630x2000x800 FARE6-Q6-280-480 R7D406
315 32,5 + (4 x 65) 497 180 90 523 1630x2000x800 FARE6-Q6-315-480 R7D407
350 5 x 65 552 200 100 550 1630x2000x800 FARE6-Q6-350-480 R7D408
FARE6-Q8 480 V / 60 Hz
385 32,5 + (5 x 65) 608 220 110 687 1760x2000x800 FARE6-Q8-385-480 R7D409
420 6 x 65 663 240 120 690 1760x2000x800 FARE6-Q8-420-480 R7D410
455 32,5 + (6 x 65) 718 260 130 700 1760x2000x800 FARE6-Q8-455-480 R7D411
490 7 x 65 773 280 140 740 1760x2000x800 FARE6-Q8-490-480 R7D412
FARE6-Q12 480 V / 60 Hz
525 32,5 + (7 x 65) 829 300 150 950 2720x2000x800 FARE6-Q12-525-480 R7D413
560 8 x 65 884 320 160 980 2720x2000x800 FARE6-Q12-560-480 R7D414
595 32,5 + (8 x 65) 939 340 170 1009 2720x2000x800 FARE6-Q12-595-480 R7D415
630 9 x 65 994 360 180 1036 2720x2000x800 FARE6-Q12-630-480 R7D416
665 32,5 + (9 x 65) 1050 380 190 1073 2720x2000x800 FARE6-Q12-665-480 R7D417
700 10 x 65 1105 400 200 1100 2720x2000x800 FARE6-Q12-700-480 R7D418

Features

See FR / FRE features on page R5/6/7-15

R5/6/7-18
 R.5/6/7
B.2 Harmonic Filtering

Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

Filters are equipments to eliminate or correct harmonic currents in an installation in order to reduce the distortion rate in
an existing current (THD I).

As can be seen in the following table, there are two different categories of lters.

Harmonic lters

Passive lters Active lters

NETPASIVE NETACTIVE

APF-4W AF3 / AF4

FAR-H AF2 2 wire
LCL Filter for six Multifunction Three-phase
Regulated single phase
pulse converters three-phase three or four
absorption lter active lter
4 wire lter wire active lter

Single-phase
Main L.V. board On load place Main L.V. board Main L.V. board
lines

The installation of one or other lter will depend on:

Type of fault in the installation

Conguration of the installation to be ltered, i.e. grade of concentration of disturbing loads
Optimal location for the assembly of ltering equipment

The following sections detail the differences between the two types of ltering as well as a technical description of the
different equipment.

NETPASIVE passive or absorption

lters
The ideal location for assembling absorption lter is in industrial installations where there is a high content of harmonics.
These lters remove different ranges of harmonic currents using absorption.
In order to do this it is necessary to have a series of reactors and capacitor sets, tuned to the frequency or frequencies of
the existing harmonic currents.
At tuned frequency, lter impedance is very low because it absorbs the harmonic currents to be removed.

There are two types of absorption lter depending on their place of use:

FAR-H: regulated absorption lter with main aim of absorbing harmonic currents. They are located in the main L.V.
board.
LCL : individual absorption lters for six pulse converters. They are assembled at the converter input.

FAR-H LCL

R5/6/7-19
 R.5/6/7
FAR-H Regulated absorption lter
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

FAR-H lters are designed to reduce harmonic levels in systems

with a high current distortion rate. However, the lter capacitors in
a system supply reactive energy. Therefore, in order to regulate
this, FAR-H absorption lters are divided into different steps which
regulate depending on the existing load.

Functions of the FAR-H

FAR-H lters are installed to absorb 5th and 7th or 5thharmonics

(the latter being the most usual).
They are designed to absorb a high degree of harmonic currents
per step. Regulation is via a ROYAL relay, up to a maximum of
four steps. In this way the capacitive energy supply to the system
is limited.

Filtering capacity

Filtering capacity depends on the number of steps in the equipment.

Also, the number of steps depends on the harmonic amperes in different Filtering capacity Filtering capacity
ranges which have to be ltered. 400 V / 50 Hz 480 V / 60 Hz
The following tables show the ltering amperes in the standard steps Current 5th / 7th kvar Current 5th / 7th kvar
at 50 and 60 Hz. The ltering capacity, maximum value of absorption
33 A 17 35 A 15
amperes, which may be in the 5th or 7th according to requirements, are
80 A 41 53 A 22
shown. The kvar column shows the reactive power to the step when
connected.

Connection Selection
Filters may be connected at different The following criteria have to be
points in the installation according to followed in order to select a FAR-H
the application: lter:

On the main board, only in those 5 t h and 7 t h current level in the

installations with their own power
supply transformer.
On the load to be ltered or in a
part of the installation. In order to
do this it will be necessary to have
a shock reactor in line in order to
insulate the rest of the installation
from the load to be ltered.
installation (A)
Location of the lter in installation.
Therefore, be requirement to attach
a shock reactor in line has to be
studied.

FAR-H series for absorbing the 5th harmonic

FAR-H -AP5 400 V / 50 Hz
5th Weight Dimensions
(A) Composition kvar IRMS kg mm Type Code

66 2 x 33(5th) 34 82 340 980x2000x520 FAR5-HP-AP5-66-400 R7E020

99 3 x 33(5th) 51 123 350 980x2000x520 FAR5-HP-AP5-99-400 R7E030
132 4 x 33(5 )
th
68 164 365 980x2000x520 FAR5-HP-AP5-132-400 R7E040
165 5 x 33(5th) 85 206 395 980x2000x520 FAR5-HP-AP5-165-400 R7E050
198 6 x 33(5th) 102 247 560 1100x2000x800 FAR5-H6-AP5-198-400 R7E060
231 7 x 33(5th) 119 288 670 1500x2000x800 FAR5-H8-AP5-231-400 R7E070
264 8 x 33(5th) 136 329 710 1500x2000x800 FAR5-H8-AP5-254-400 R7E080
320 4 x 80(5 )
th
164 398 486 1100x2000x800 FAR5-H6-AP5-320-400 R7E0D0
400 5 x 80(5th) 205 498 550 1100x2000x800 FAR5-H6-AP5-400-400 R7E0E0
480 6 x 80(5th) 246 597 614 1100x2000x800 FAR5-H6-AP5-480-400 R7E0F0
560 7 x 80(5th) 287 697 750 1500x2000x800 FAR5-H8-AP5-550-400 R7E0G0
640 8 x 80(5th) 328 796 870 1500x2000x800 FAR5-H8-AP5-640-400 R7E0H0

R5/6/7-20
 R.5/6/7
FAR-H -AP5 480 V / 60 Hz
5th Weight
Composition kvar IRMS Dimensions mm Type Code

Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

(A) kg
70 2 x 35(5th) 30 82 340 980x2000x520 FAR6-HP-AP5-60-480 R7F720
105 3 x 35(5th) 45 123 350 980x2000x520 FAR6-HP-AP5-90-480 R7F730
140 4 x 35(5th) 60 165 365 980x2000x520 FAR6-HP-AP5-120-480 R7F740
175 5 x 35(5th) 75 206 390 980x2000x520 FAR6-HP-AP5-150-480 R7F750
210 6 x 35(5th) 90 247 560 1100x2000x800 FAR6-H6-AP5-180-480 R7F760
245 7 x 35(5th) 105 288 670 1500x2000x800 FAR6-H8-AP5-210-480 R7F770
265 5 x 53(5th) 110 309 550 1100x2000x800 FAR6-H6-AP5-250-480 R7F7E0
280 8 x 35(5th) 120 329 710 1500x2000x800 FAR6-H8-AP5-240-480 R7F780
318 6 x 53(5th) 132 371 614 1100x2000x800 FAR6-H6-AP5-300-480 R7F7F0
371 7 x 53(5th) 154 432 750 1100x2000x800 FAR6-H6-AP5-350-480 R7F7G0
424 8 x 53(5th) 176 494 870 1500x2000x800 FAR6-H8-AP5-400-480 R7F7H0

FAR-H series for absorbing the 5th and 7th harmonic

FAR-H -AP57 400 V / 50 Hz
5th 7th Weight
Composition kvar IRMS Dimensions mm Type Code
(A) (A) kg
33 33 33(5th) + 33(7th) 34 68 340 980x2000x520 FAR5-HP-AP57-66-400 R7E011
66 33 33(5 ) + (33(5 ) + 33(7 ))
th th th
51 90 350 980x2000x520 FAR5-HP-AP57-99-400 R7E021
66 66 2 x (33(5th) + 33(7th)) 68 115 365 980x2000x520 FAR5-HP-AP57-132-400 R7E022
99 66 33(5th) + 2 x (33(5th) + 33(7th)) 85 146 390 980x2000x520 FAR5-HP-AP57-165-400 R7E032
99 99 3 x (33(5th) + 33(7th)) 102 173 560 1100x2000x800 FAR5-H6-AP57-198-400 R7E033
132 99 33(5th) + 3 x (33(5th) + 33(7th)) 119 203 670 1500x2000x800 FAR5-H8-AP57-231-400 R7E043
132 132 4 x (33(5th) + 33(7th)) 136 231 710 1500x2000x800 FAR5-H8-AP57-254-400 R7E044
160 160 2 x (80(5th) + 80(7th)) 164 279 486 1100x2000x800 FAR5-H6-AP57-320-400 R7E0BB
240 160 80(5th) + 2 x (80(5th) + 80(7th)) 205 354 550 1100x2000x800 FAR5-H6-AP57-400-400 R7E0CB
240 240 3 x (80(5th) + 80(7th)) 246 419 614 1100x2000x800 FAR5-H6-AP57-480-400 R7E0CC
320 240 80(5th) + 3 x (80(5th) + 80(7th)) 287 492 714 1500x2000x800 FAR5-H8-AP57-550-400 R7E0DC
320 320 4 x (80(5th) + 80(7th)) 328 559 870 1500x2000x800 FAR5-H8-AP57-640-400 R7E0DD
FAR-H -AP57 480 V / 60 Hz
35 35 35(5 ) + 35(7 )
th th
30 66 340 980x2000x520 FAR6-HP-AP57-60-480 R7F711
70 35 35(5th) + (35(5th) + 35(7th)) 45 102 350 980x2000x520 FAR6-HP-AP57-90-480 R7F721
70 70 2 x (35(5th) + 35(7th)) 60 132 365 980x2000x520 FAR6-HP-AP57-120-480 R7F722
105 70 35(5th) + 2 x (35(5th) + 35(7th)) 75 166 390 980x2000x520 FAR6-HP-AP57-150-480 R7F732
105 105 3 x (35(5th) + 35(7th)) 90 197 560 1100x2000x800 FAR6-H6-AP57-180-480 R7F733
140 105 35(5 ) + 3 x (35(5th) + 35(7th))
th
105 232 670 1500x2000x800 FAR6-H8-AP57-210-480 R7F743
159 106 53(5th) + 2 x (53(5th) + 53(7th)) 110 248 550 1100x2000x800 FAR6-H6-AP57-250-480 R7F7CB
140 140 4 x (35(5th) + 35(7th)) 120 263 710 1500x2000x800 FAR6-H8-AP57-240-480 R7F744
159 159 3 x (53(5th) + 53(7th)) 132 295 614 1100x2000x800 FAR6-H6-AP57-300-480 R7F7CC
212 159 53(5th) + 3 x (53(5th) + 53(7th)) 154 346 750 1100x2000x800 FAR6-H6-AP57-350-480 R7F7DC
212 212 4 x (53(5 ) + 53(7 ))
th th
176 393 870 1500x2000x800 FAR6-H8-AP57-400-480 R7H7DD

Features
Electrical features Environmental conditions
400 V a.c. (50 Hz) 480 Operating temperature -10 / +35 C
Power supply voltage (phase-phase)
V a.c. (60 Hz)
Installation Indoors
Auxiliary voltage 230 V a.c.
Parts
Construction features
Capacitors CF
Treated and painted steel
Cabinet material
Frame RAL 1013, doors 3005 Regulator ROYAL relay
Protection grade IP 20 IEC 61642, IEC 60831,
Standards
IEC 60439, IEC 60289
Locking system Lock and key
Ventilation Natural
Mounting Floor

R5/6/7-21
 R.5/6/7
Features
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

Reactor features Capacitors features

R / RX/ RE RB / RBX /RBE Electrical features

Electrical features Overcurrent 1,3 In permanent

400 V a.c. 10 %, 8 out of 24 hours

Voltage 15 %, up to 15 minutes out of 24 hours
480 V a.c. Overvoltage
20 %, up to 5 minutes out of 24 hours
Frequency 50 or 60 Hz 30 %, up to 1 minute out of 24 hours
Power Accorcing to type Insulation level 3 / 15 kV
Permanent Tolerance +10 / -5 %
Transient 1,17 In
Overload (1 minute) 2 In Discharge resistance 75 V/3 minutes

Tolerance 3% Frequency 50 or 60 Hz

Insulating voltage 4 kV Losses:

< 0,2 W / Kvar
. Dielectric
< 0,5 W / Kvar
Lineality (5% of L) 1,8 In . Total
Construction features . . Dielectric Regeneration
. Internal fuse
Grain orientated Multiple gap grain Protections . Over pressure system
Core material
coating orientated coating . Vermiculite
Conductor material Copper wire Aluminium strip
Insulation Vacuum vermish theatment Mechanical features

Protection grade IP 00 Casing Treated and painted steel RAL 3005

Temperature category Clase F (155C) Protection grade IP 42 on terminal cover

Standards IEC-289, IEC-076 CEI 60831-1, CEI 70/7, UNE 20827,

Standards
UNE 20010, BS 1650, VDE 560

Options
Power supply transformer
Interruptor manual
Automatic switch
Forced ventilation
Earth leakage protection
Open door direct contact protection (IP 20)
Other regulators

R5/6/7-22
 R.5/6/7
LCL Passive lter for converters

Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

LCL lters have been especially designed to remove harmonics
from the current absorbed by six pulse power converters, such as
frequency converters for motors, UPS, welding equipment etc.

They are essentially passive lters based on a series -- parallel

combination of inductance and capacitors suitable for ltering at
the entry to electronic converters.

LCL lters go one step beyond simple reactor ripple reduction

and are designed to reduce THD (I) to values below 10% in order
to comply with the IEC-61000-3.4 and IEEE-519 standards.

At full load conditions the THD (I) becomes lower than 5%

LCL-TH for lifting equipment or lifts

The LCL-TH is an LCL lter regulated by a static operation (thyristors), especially designed for correcting harmonics in six
pulse power converters which uctuate when operating and which require an almost instantaneous correction.

A clear example of its application is in lifts, because these have loads controlled by six pulse converters and which operate
in short time periods. By using regulated correction, the harmonic current generated by these loads is ltered. It avoid any
overcorrection effect by only acting when the load is operating.

Functions of an LCL Filter

The main function of LCLs is to lter the 5th and 7th current harmonics, and to a lesser degree the 11th and 13th generated
by six pulse converters and reducing THD (I) to levels below 10 %.
In addition the other advantages of the lter are:

Eliminating micro-cuts due to switching

Reducing consumption and increasing the operating life of the equipment
Improving energy quality
Improving the actual power factor (reactive + harmonics)

System current without LCL lter 31%

System current with LCL lter 8%

R5/6/7-23
 R.5/6/7
Selecting the LCL Filter
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

LCL lters are selected using the current consumed by the converter.

For very low power converters, an LCL lter may be used to supply several converters, whenever they are operating at
the same time.
If a large number of converters are supplied which may be separately started or stopped, a large amount of the lters
efciency is lost. In this case it is better that each converter has its own lter.

Connecting the LCL Filter

The lter must be connected individually in series with the load to be ltered just at the entry of the harmonic generating
load.

LCL lter connection LCL-TH lter connection

LCL-TH for lifts

LCL-TH 400 - 415 V / 50 Hz
Load current Filtered RMS Dimensions
Type Code
Ic(A) current If (A) (mm)
10 3,6 365 x 570 x 217 LCL-TH35-10A-400 R7K105

LC L 400 - 415 V / 50 Hz
Filtered RMS Dimensions
Load current Ic (A) Cabinet Type Code
current If (A) (mm)
4 1,6 365 x 570 x 217 LCL TH LC L35-4A-400 R73102

9 3,6 365 x 570 x 217 LCL TH LC L35-9A-400 R73105

16 6,4 365 x 570 x 217 LCL TH LC L35-16A-400 R73107

22 8,8 565 x 700 x 245 LCL B LC L35-22A-400 R73108
32 12,8 565 x 700 x 245 LCL B LC L35-32A-400 R73109
40 16 565 x 700 x 245 LCL B LC L35-40A-400 R73110
47 18,8 565 x 700 x 245 LCL B LC L35-47A-400 R73111
54 21,6 565 x 700 x 245 LCL B LC L35-54A-400 R73112
64 25,6 650 x 1910 x 400 LCL C LC L35-64A-400 R73113
76 30,4 650 x 1910 x 400 LCL C LC L35-76A-400 R73114
90 36 650 x 1910 x 400 LCL C LC L35-90A-400 R73115
110 44 650 x 1910 x 400 LCL C LC L35-110A-400 R73116
150 60 850 x 1910 x 400 LCL D LC L35-150A-400 R73117
180 72 850 x 1910 x 400 LCL D LC L35-180A-400 R73118
220 88 1100 x 2000 x 800 FR6 LC L35-220A-400 R73119
260 104 1100 x 2000 x 800 FR6 LC L35-260A-400 R73120
320 128 1100 x 2000 x 800 FR6 LC L35-320A-400 R73121
400 160 1100 x 2000 x 800 FR6 LC L35-400A-400 R73122

R5/6/7-24
 R.5/6/7
LC L 460 - 480 V / 60 Hz
Load current Filtered RMS Dimensions
Cabinet Type Code

Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

Ic(A) current If (A) (mm)
4 1,6 365 x 570 x 217 LCL TH LC L35-4A-400 R73102
9 3,6 365 x 570 x 217 LCL TH LC L35-9A-400 R73105
16 6,4 365 x 570 x 217 LCL TH LC L35-16A-400 R73107
22 8,8 565 x 700 x 245 LCL B LC L35-22A-400 R73108
32 12,8 565 x 700 x 245 LCL B LC L35-32A-400 R73109
40 16 565 x 700 x 245 LCL B LC L35-40A-400 R73110
47 18,8 565 x 700 x 245 LCL B LC L35-47A-400 R73111
54 21,6 565 x 700 x 245 LCL B LC L35-54A-400 R73112
64 25,6 650 x 1910 x 400 LCL C LC L35-64A-400 R73113
76 30,4 650 x 1910 x 400 LCL C LC L35-76A-400 R73114
90 36 650 x 1910 x 400 LCL C LC L35-90A-400 R73115
110 44 650 x 1910 x 400 LCL C LC L35-110A-400 R73116
150 60 850 x 1910 x 400 LCL D LC L35-150A-400 R73117
180 72 850 x 1910 x 400 LCL D LC L35-180A-400 R73118
220 88 1100 x 2000 x 800 As FR6 LC L35-220A-400 R73119
260 104 1100 x 2000 x 800 As FR6 LC L35-260A-400 R73120
320 128 1100 x 2000 x 800 As FR6 LC L35-320A-400 R73121
400 160 1100 x 2000 x 800 As FR6 LC L35-400A-400 R73122

Options
Overcorrection regulating kit (except for LCL-TH)

On occasions, where the current level consumed by the converter is much lower than the rated current for the lter, the
LCL may overcorrect the power factor.

In order to avoid this the LC parallel branch must be disconnected. In order to solve this problem, LCL lters may be
supplied with an optional kit to stop the parallel LC branch.

The kit consist on:

Current transformer
Programmable ammeter with relay output (CMM96-MD)
Operation contactor to disconnect the parallel branch

Measurement kit

The LCL lter may be supplied with an optional measurement kit to measure current and distortion levels
(THDI) obtained with a load lter connection. The kit comprises a current transformer, used for measurement and a system
analyser the model for which depending on the type of lter.

Features

Electrical features Construction features

400 V a.c. / 480 V a.c. Treated and painted steel
Power supply voltage (phase-phase) Cabinet material Frame RAL 1013
(Other voltages on request)
Doors RAL 3005
50 Hz for LCL-35-xx
Frequency Protection grade IP 20
60 Hz for LCL-36-xx
Rated load current (Ic) See table Locking system Lock and key

1,5 Ic during 1min, follewed Ventilation Natural

Capacidad de sobrecarga by 5 min at Ic ( at working Mounting Floor
maximum temperature)
Installation Indoors
Rated lter current (If) See table
Environmental conditions
THD for residual current Approx . 8%
Operating temperature 35 C
Voltage drop at rated I < 2%
Relative humidity 80 %
EN 60439, EN 60831 ;
Standards
EN-50081-1, EN-50081-2 , class A

R5/6/7-25
 R.5/6/7
NETACTIVE active lters
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

Active filters are equipments which mainly operate to correct

harmonic currents.

Correcting harmonics
Correction is via the anti phase injection of currents equal to the
harmonic currents in installation.
This means that the signal has practically no harmonic distortion
upstream from the lter connection point.

A DSP automatically regulates the current

OPERATING PRINCIPLE

Active lters are based on the following principle:

IFILTER = IMAIN - ILOAD

That is to say they detect the difference between the required

current senoidal wave (IMAIN ) and the signal deformed by the effect
of the harmonics (ILOAD). It therefore injects the difference between
both waves (IFILTER).
The following diagram shows the wave forms for the currents
injected by the active lters.
As can be seen, the required wave form, the existing deformed
wave form and the lter current (IFILTER), are shown for three phase
and single-phase lters.

Single-phase lter Three-phase lter

When to use an active lter

An active lter is ideal for all those applications with a big load variation, a broad harmonic spectrum to be corrected and
a very wide distribution of non lineal loads divided into very small loads in the system, so that individual passive lters
cannot be used.

For either case, the most usual applications are:

Lighting lines
Computer lines
Lines with different load types (lighting, computers, variators)

That is to say, the most usual use is in ofce blocks and hospitals, etc.

R5/6/7-26
 R.5/6/7
RANGE

Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

Within the active lter range, CIRCUTOR has a wide range of equipment for all faults present in installations.

The following diagram shows these different ranges:

NETACTIVE active lters

MULTIPURPOSE Active
AF active lters (page 30)
corrector (page 28)

4 wire three 2 wire single- 3 wire three 4 wire three

phase phase phase phase

APF-4W AF-2W AF-3W AF-4W

Harmonic
- Harmonic ltering ltering with
- Phase balancing or without Harmonic ltering
- Power factor correction Power factor
correction

R5/6/7-27
 R.5/6/7
NETACTIVE Multipurpose
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

APF Active corrector

The APF-4W multipurpose active corrector is equipment designed
to solve the different faults which may occur in a four wire, three
phase installation.

It includes the following functions:

Harmonic ltering
Phase current balance in unbalanced systems
Power factor correction

This is the ideal solution for installations with a large amount of

single-phase and three-phase loads generating harmonics such
as computers, UPS, lights and lifting equipment.

These types of installations may have two important problems

which overload the neutral conductor:

The existence of the third harmonic

Unbalanced phase currents caused by single-phase loads

Phase balance

The APF-4W allows the selective removal of harmonics using the conguration of its DSP controls.

The APF-4W corrects both the existing third harmonic component in neutral and the unbalanced current itself at 50 Hz
achieving practically zero neutral currents.
In order to do this, the power module on the APF-4W corrects existing harmonics in the phases and in neutral.

Connection

Connecting the APF-4W lter must be in parallel with the loads to be corrected. The APF-4W lter requires neutral and
cannot operate in three wire systems (without neutral). For these systems see AF-3

CORRECTION CAPACITY

The correction capacity of the APF-4W is expressed as the RMS current value. The available capacity may be used for
any three functions: ltering, balancing or correcting reactive.
The APF-4W has two different correction capacities:

RMS current which the equipment is capable of injecting into phase conductors
RMS current which the equipment is capable of injecting into the neutral conductor, regardless of the phases.

The available correction capacity in the conductor is 1.5 times the phase capacity. This allows systems with high third
harmonic content to be corrected, but with insufcient content to use the AF-4 lter.

R5/6/7-28
 R.5/6/7
APF-4W 400 V / 50 Hz / 60 Hz
Weight

Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

V Phase current Neutral current Spike current Dimensions mm Type Code
kg
400 66 A RMS 90 A RMS 140 A 250 800 x 1900 x 500 APF-4W-400-66/90 R74131
400 130 A RMS 180 A RMS 280 A 540 1000 x 2100 x 800 APF-4W-400-130/180 R74132
400 200 A RMS 270 A RMS 420 A 640 1200 x 2100 x 800 APF-4W-400-200/270 R74133

Conguration

The equipment is congured using its own supplied software.

By using the available RS-232 communications port, the APF-4W

allows the priority for each possible function to be set during start
up:

Harmonic correction
Phase balancing
Power factor correction

It also allows the selection of the range of harmonics to be corrected

depending on the problem in each installation.

Parameter measurement console

The APF-4W multipurpose corrector has two power analysers from the CVM range, its shows the current distortion values
measured in each of the phases and the respective current consumption, including neutral both on the system side and
on the load side.

Remote monitoring option

And other available option is using the CVM Power analyzer to

monitor the values obtained via Ethernet from POWER STUDIO
SCADA software.

Features

Voltage circuit Measuring instruments

Power supply voltage 360 ... 440 V a.c. System side CVM-144-HAR
Frequency 47 ... 63Hz Load side CVM-144-ITF
Connection 3 phase + neutral ( 4 wire) Environmental conditions
Available functions Correction of: Operating temperature 35 C
- Harmonics of two the 21st
-Current unbalance Relative humidity 80 % without condensation
- Reactive power
Minimum correctable current 5% In
Switching frequency 10 kHz
Losses 15 W/A
EMI tests EN-50081-1, EN-50081-2 , class A

R5/6/7-29
 R.5/6/7
AF NETACTIVE Series active lter
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

AF equipment is three-phase/single-phase active lters designed

to correct harmonics.
The NETACTIVE AF-3W and AF-4W series offers different ltering
solutions for three and four wire installations respectively.

In general, they are an ideal solution for those installations

combining loads such as:

UPS
Single-phase of speed variator
Welding machinery
Computers and peripherals

NETACTIVE AF2 filters are specially designed to correct

harmonics in single-phase lines where there is a large amount
of disturbing and single-phase loads. These are normally in
installations which have a high 3rd and 5th harmonic content.

How to select an AF Series lter

Selecting the lter is simple and without complexity. No line impedance calculations or studies of the harmonic spectrum
of the currents are required.

The only thing that has to be taken into account is the effective value of the distorted harmonic current signal and the
selection of a lter with 20% more than this current (Safety factor FS = 20 %). This value is easily obtained by multiplying
the THD(I) by the fundamental current. These values are directly obtained from measuring with a system analyser.

Selection example

A set of 250 A rated harmonic loads comprising

Voltage: 400 V
3-phase system + neutral
IRMS = 250 A of the installation
THD (I): 36 %

Ilter = 101,6 A
Filter selected: AF4-150-400

NETACTIVE AF Connection

Three-phase AF3 / AF4 Single-phase AF2

Connecting 3-phase AF lters must be done in parallel with

the loads to be corrected. To correct single-phase loads
The AF3 is for three wire systems (without neutral) and the
AF4 is for 4 wire systems (with neutral).

R5/6/7-30
 R.5/6/7
CONFIGURATION

Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

NETACTIVE AF lters do not require any conguration prior to starting up. Once they are installed start-up may proceed.

AF-3W (3 wire )
400 V / 50 Hz 480 V / 60 Hz
Rated current Rated neutral Weight
Dimensions mm Type Code Type Code
per phase current kg
25 75 55 410X390X880 AF-3W5-25-400 R7G302 AF-3W6-25-400 R7G472
50 150 70 410X390X880 AF-3W5-50-400 R7G304 AF-3W6-50-400 R7G474
100 300 240 600X810X1930 AF-3W5-100-400 R7G305 AF-3W6-100-400 R7G475
150 450 260 600X810X1930 AF-3W5-150-400 R7G306 AF-3W6-150-400 R7G476
200 600 430 1200X810X1930 AF-3W5-200-400 R7G307 AF-3W6-200-400 R7G477

AF-4W (4 wire)

400 V / 50 Hz 480 V / 60 Hz

Rated current Rated neutral Weight

Dimensions mm Type Code Type Code
per phase current kg
25 75 55 410X390X880 AF-4W5-25-400 R7G502 AF-4W6-25-400 R7G672
50 150 70 410X390X880 AF-4W5-50-400 R7G504 AF-4W6-50-400 R7G674
100 300 240 600X810X1930 AF-4W5-100-400 R7G505 AF-4W6-100-400 R7G675
150 450 260 600X810X1930 AF-4W5-150-400 R7G506 AF-4W6-150-400 R7G676
200 600 430 1200X810X1930 AF-4W5-200-400 R7G507 AF-4W6-200-400 R7G677

AF-2W (2 wire) 230 V / 50 Hz / 60 Hz

Rated current Weight
Dimensions mm Type Code
per phase kg
15 40 455 x 720 x 241 AF-2W5-15-230 R7G111
30 42 455 x 720 x 241 AF-2W5-30-230 R7G113

Features

AF-2W AF-3W AF-4W

Voltage circuit
Voltage de alimentacin 230 15 V a.c 208 / 400 /480 V a.c 15%
Frequency 50 HZ & 60Hz 50 Hz or 60 Hz
phase-phase; 3 phases 3 phases +
Connetion
phase-neutral;230V (3 wire) Neutral (4 wire)
Correction of:
Harmonics up to range 21
Available functions
Reactive power
- -
(selectable)
Accuracy 1% In
Minimum correctable current 2% In
Switching frequency 12,5 KHz 10 KHz
EMI tests EN-50081-1 y 2, class A
Measuring instruments
Effective current and voltage values,
LCD Display percentage levels of THD(I) and THD(V)
in harmonic parts up to harmonic
Environmental conditions
Operating temperature 40C 35C
Relative humidity 80% without condensation

R5/6/7-31
 R.5/6/7
B.3 Equipment for neutral unloading
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

There are two options for unloading neutral cables because of the existence of the third harmonic:

Using separate transformers D-Y (TSA)

Using a blocking lter in the third harmonic (FB3)

Both solutions are suitable for those installations where distributed single-phase loads exist generating a third harmonic,
such as computer and lighting lines.

TSA isolation transformer

The TSA is a three harmonic filter based on an isolation
transformer with star triangle connection (D-Y). This removes
the third harmonic and is equipped with a passive lter in the 5th
harmonic in the secondary.
Therefore, using this conguration 3rd harmonic is eliminated from
the neutral cable and the 5th harmonic is reduced.

TSA equipment is also tted with:

Main overload/short-circuit switch
Earth Leakage relay, protecting against leakages occurring in
the transformers secondary circuit . This earth leakage relay is set
between 30 and 300 milliamps with an adjustable delay
Protection overload/short-circuit switch
5th harmonic lter

Connecting the TSA

The TSA is inserted in lines which have distributed single-phase loads between phase and neutral. A typical location would
be installations with computers and lighting.
Below an example of a distribution line for computers with a TSA inserted is shown.

Three-phase installation with single-phase load distribution

Initial installation where the three phases and neutral

conductor are distributed. In any line there is a
distribution of connected single-phase loads between
phase and neutral. Therefore two important facts
come together in this installation:

Existence of a generating loads in the third harmonic

(computers, discharge lamps, etc)
Connection between phase and neutral for the
loads therefore facilitating the circulation of the third
harmonic and in general producing a third harmonic
overload in neutral.

Three-phase installation with TSA and distribution of single-phase loads

In the following diagram a TSA has been installed and

therefore the conguration of installation has been
modied eliminating neutral and thereby eliminating
the problem.

R5/6/7-32
 R.5/6/7
Functions of the TSA

Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

The function of the TSA is based on changing the conguration of the line to which it is connected. In the primary of the
TSA the system voltage is 400 V a.c.. In the secondary, due to the star connection, voltage between phases is 230 V and
without neutral distribution.

This allows connection of single-phase loads between phases but without closing the circuit in order for the third harmonic
to circulate. Therefore, the problem of overloading and overheating neutral in lighting and computer lines is avoided.

Also, the TSA has the following additional features:

Avoids accidental tripping of overload/short-circuit protection devices

Reduces losses in the installation
Reduces the injection of the 5th harmonic as a consequence of the lter in the secondary

TSA
Weight
kVA Voltages Dimensions mm Figure Type Code
kg
10 3 x 400 / 230 V 125 505 x 780 x 590 A TSA - 10 R75101
15 3 x 400 / 230 V 160 505 x 780 x 590 A TSA - 15 R75102
20 3 x 400 / 230 V 185 505 x 780 x 590 A TSA - 20 R75103
30 3 x 400 / 230 V 265 745 x 1030 x 890 B TSA - 30 R75104
40 3 x 400 / 230 V 325 745 x 1030 x 890 B TSA - 40 R75105
50 3 x 400 / 230 V 350 745 x 1030 x 890 B TSA - 50 R75106
80 3 x 400 / 230 V 420 745 x 1030 x 890 B TSA - 80 R75107
100 3 x 400 / 230 V 460 745 x 1030 x 890 B TSA - 100 R75108

Example of selection

A TSA has to be sized to supply a set of computers spread over various

phases at 220 V. The measurements obtained are:
n

IRMS : 58.4 (A)

I1: 56.2 (A)
TDH(%) : 36.76% 2 0.0326 0.00425104

2 3.26 % 9 2.49 % 3 0.3084 0.85599504

3 30.84 % 10 1.07 % 4 0.0094 0.00141376

4 0.94 % 11 1.55 % 5 0.2362 1.394761

5 23.62 % 12 2.23 % 6 0.01 0.0036

6 1.00 % 13 1.35 % 7 0.0457 0.10233601
7 4.57 % 14 1.27 %
8 0.007 0.0036
8 0.70 % 15 1.00 %
9 0.0249 0.05022081
10 0.0107 0.011449
The result is an overload factor of 1.9
This factor would indicate that the necessary power in kVA will be 1.9 11 0.0155 0.02907025
times greater if the current was only the fundamental current. 12 0.0223 0.07160976
13 0.0135 0.03080025
The necessary power would be:
14 0.0127 0.03161284
15 0.01 0.0225

Adition 1.6164021

In this case the lter which has to be selected must be the TSA-50
Overload factor 1.900725006

R5/6/7-33
 R.5/6/7
Third harmonic lter FB3
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

FB3 lters are lters to block the third harmonic, design to reduce
currents in single-phase installations such as:

Personal computers
Lighting with electronic reactors
Dimmers
Other single-phase loads connected between phase-neutral

FB3 lters are equipped with:

Main protection automatic switch

6 shucko current sockets

FUNCTIONS OF THE FB3

The FB3 is only a third harmonic lter capable of blocking the circulation of this through neutral and ltering with a capacity
between 70% and 80% approximately. It also slightly attenuates the 5th and 7th harmonic.

Measurement before assembling an FB3 lter Measurement after assembling an FB3 lter

CONNECTING THE FB3

FB3 connection is done between phase and neutral (in

single-phase systems).

In order to give greater exibility and comfort to the user, all

types have been designed to be directly connected to loads.
They have six current sockets for six computers.

SELECTING AN FB3

Selecting the lter is done according to the current passing through neutral.

FB3
/ Neutral maximum Frequency System / Neutral maximum Weight kg Dimensions mm Type Code
6 50 Single-phase 6 8 204 x 310 x 233 FB3-5-06 R78101
Three-phase, on request

Features
Power supply voltage 110 ... 240 V a.c.
Frequency 50 Hz
Environmental conditions
Operating temperature 35 C
Relative humidity 80% without condensation
Operations IP 23 (assembled in case)
R5/6/7-34
 R.5/6/7
B.4 Hight frecuency lters, EMR

Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

EMR lters
EMR lters are designed to reduce electromagnetic interference
generated by power converters as a consequence of
semiconductor switching.

FUNCTIONS OF AN EMR FILTER

The function of an EMR lter is to reduce values of high-frequency

conducted signals to the values set in the UNE-EN 50081-1, UNE-
EN5081-2, EN-55011 and IEC 61800-3 standards.

Connection of an EMR lter

Voltage wave with H. F. interference
for three wire motor

Selection of the EMR Filter

EMR are selected by the current consumed by the converter. Depending on the type of load, the lter will be single-phase
or three-phase with three or four wires.

Single-phase converters: single-phase EMR

Motors with variators: 3 wire three-phase EMR
UPS: 4 wire three-phase EMR

Connecting the EMR Filter

The lter must be connected individually in series with a load to be ltered right at the entry of the harmonic generating
(see above diagram).

CEM shocks

Shocks to prevent radiation in motor cables. These CEM-XX shocks are located between the converter and motor.

Single-phase, Power supply up to 250 V, 50 or 60 Hz

/n (A) Weight / Max. Losses Dimensions mm
leak Type Code
40 C kg (mA) (W) AxBXC
10 1,6 3,2 4 150 x 55 x 45 EMR-10-M250 R71101
15 1,6 3,2 7 150 x 55 x 45 EMR-15-M250 R71102
25 2,2 3,2 10 170 x 80 x 55 EMR-25-M250 R71103
35 2,4 3,2 15 170 x 80 x 55 EMR-35-M250 R71104
(1) Approximate indication. The lter must be chosen by the converters line current. Maximum 4 start-ups per hour

R5/6/7-35
 R.5/6/7
Three-phase without neutral, power supply up to 440 V, 50 or 60 Hz
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

Terminals
Weight / Max. Dimensions mm
In (A) leak Losses (W) and Type Code
kg (mA) AxBxC
screws
6 1,6 27 8 B: 6 mm2 250 x 110 x 60 EMR-06-T440 R71201
12 1,6 27 10 B: 6 mm2 250 x 110 x 60 EMR-12-T440 R71202
2
20 2,2 27 15 B: 10 mm 270 x 140 x 60 EMR-20-T440 R71203
40 2,4 27 30 B: 10 mm2 270 x 140 x 60 EMR-40-T440 R71204
60 3,5 27 51 B: 16 mm2 350 x 180 x 90 EMR-60-T440 R71205
70 7,5 27 44 B: 25 mm2 350 x 180 x 90 EMR-70-T440 R71206
100 13,8 130 69 B: 35 mm2 420 x 200 x 130 EMR-100-T440 R71207
120 13,8 130 45 B: 50 mm2 420 x 200 x 130 EMR-120-T440 R71208
2
170 23,5 130 80 B: 95 mm 480 x 200 x 160 EMR-170-T440 R71209
230 41 150 50 T: M12 580 x 250 x 205 EMR-230-T440 R71210
280 45 150 60 T: M12 580 x 250 x 205 EMR-280-T440 R71211
400 50 150 80 T: M12 580 x 250 x 205 EMR-400-T440 R71214
480 50 150 90 T: M12 580 x 250 x 205 EMR-480-T440 R71215

Three-phase with neutral, power supply up to 440 V, 50 or 60 Hz

Terminals
/n (A) Weight /leak Max. Dimensions mm
Losses (W) and Type Code
40 C kg (mA) AxBxC
screws
6 1,6 27 8 B: 6 mm2 250 x 110 x 60 EMR-06-N440 R71301
12 1,6 27 10 B: 6 mm2 250 x 110 x 60 EMR-12-N440 R71302
20 2,2 27 15 B: 10 mm2 270 x 140 x 60 EMR-20-N440 R71303
40 2,4 27 30 B: 10 mm2 270 x 140 x 60 EMR-40-N440 R71304
60 3,5 27 51 B: 16 mm2 270 x 140 x 90 EMR-60-N440 R71305
2
70 7,8 27 44 B: 25 mm 350 x 180 x 90 EMR-70-N440 R71306
100 13,8 130 69 B: 35 mm2 420 x 200 x 130 EMR-100-N440 R71307
120 13,8 130 45 B: 50 mm2 420 x 200 x 130 EMR-120-N440 R71308
170 23,5 130 80 B: 95 mm2 480 x 200 x 160 EMR-170-N440 R71309
(1) Approximate indication. The lter must be chosen by the converters line current. Maximum 4 start-ups per hour

CEM shocks on the motor side

Motor Power Weight Dimensions mm
int. Type Code
(kW) g AxBxC
2,2 21 mm 80 85 x 46 x 22 CEM - 21 R7Z111
15 28,5 mm 180 105 x 62 x 25 CEM - 28,5 R7Z121
45 50 mm 500 150 x 110 x 50 CEM - 50 R7Z131
>45 58 mm 1 500 200 x 170 x 65 CEM - 58 R7Z141

Features
Single-phase Three-phase
Maximum power supply voltage 250 V a.c. 440 V a.c.
Frequency 50 & 60 Hz
Dielectic rigidity 2,5 kV
Admissible current See tables
Overload conditions 1,5 In 1 min every 20 min at 40 C
Attenuation in common mode 50 ... 60 dB
Frequency range 150 kHz ... 30 MHz
Environmental conditions
Operating temperature 35 C
Relative humidity 80 % without condensation

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C Where to connect ltering equipment

Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

There are three possible points in installation to locate equipment for eliminating disturbances. These are:

At harmonic generating loads terminals

This is the most ideal location because it eliminates the disturbance where it is produced, avoiding its distribution throughout
the distribution lines in the installation.

Example: medium or large power converter (LCL lters).

ON SECONDARY BOARDS

When there are different low-power loads connected to secondary distribution boards. Their elimination allows lines going
to the general board to be discharged.

Example: computer or general and discharge lamps lines (blocking lters TSA or FB3).

ON THE GENERAL LOW VOLTAGE BOARD

When disturbances have been eliminated all attenuated in the loads themselves or on secondary boards, attaching ltering
equipment to the general board allows the remaining residues to be eliminated.
In this way the correct condition of the electrical signal at the point of connection with the power utility is guaranteed.

Example: General ltering on the main LV board in a hotel having previously discharged neutral lines (active lters
NETACTIVE)

Selecting installation point

The following has to be taken into account in order to select the correct installation point for the equipment:

The type of incident in installation and therefore the type of lter selected
The conguration of installation:
-- Existence of capacitor banks
-- Existence of large disturbing loads
-- Power and location of lighting and computer lines
-- Existence of other loads such as induction ovens, welding equipment

Table summarising the location in an installation for ltering equipment

SOLUTION MAIN LV BOARDS SECONDARY INDIVIDUAL

LV BOARDS

FR/FRE detuned lters Power Factor Correction X X

Three-phase Single-
phase active lters Harmonic correction X X

FAR regulated Harmonic ltering &

absorption lter Power Factor Correction X X

LCL lters Harmonic ltering X

LR reactors

EMI lters (EMR) High-frequency X

ltering
Blocking systems Third harmonic unloading X
(TSA, FB3)

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Examples of proposed equipment and location in the most usual different installations.
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

APPLICATIONS MAIN LV BOARD SECONDARY BOARDS LARGE LOADS

Ofce blocks. NETACTIVE FB3 -TSA
Lighting, computers, UPS, etc NETACTIVE single
Industries FAR FAR LCL
Variation, UPS, lighting NETACTIVE FB3, TSA EMI
Warehouses
Lighting NETACTIVE FB3, TSA LCL
Motors EMI
UPS
Hospitals
Lighting, NETACTIVE NETACTIVE LCL
Computers, UPS. FAR FAR EMI
Motors
EMI

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Application examples

Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

Practical example of FAR-Q Hybrid lter
The installation comprises two DC haulage machines equipped with speed drivers equipment.

The installation has the following diagram:

At the indicated measuring point, power and harmonic measurements have been made as shown below is top

Development of active and reactive powers Waveform

It is deduced from these that reactive energy correction and also signal
ltering are required.

Conclusions from the measurements are:

- FARE-Q6-337,5-400 is to be installed. Static operation allows rapid

disconnection when the load drops considerably. In this way excessive
connected capacitive is avoided.

- The computer regulator gets the current from a 750/5 TP-58 ratio split
core current transformer.

With the lter installed, the table below shows the value of the resulting harmonic currents at maximum load.

Fundamental
Current harmonics order
component
I (A) I 3(A) I 5(A) I 7(A) I 11(A) I 13(A) THDI
With lter 560 4,6 159,4 29,0 51,2 20,0 30,56%
With FAR-Q 430 3,8 0 0 38 8,7 6,99%

It can be seen that the distortion rate for a 30 at 7% has a power factor between 0.99 and 1

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Practical example of an LCL Filter for power converters
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

This is an example of a printing works comprising three rotating machines each being 130 kW at 400 V.
The following diagram shows the measurements taken at critical points:

at speed driver terminals

at the power transformer secondary

For a machine nominal current of 170 A, LCL lters 180 A are installed (product reference LCL 35 -- 180 -- 400) at each
of the machines speed drivers (power converters).

The product reference for the installed equipment is LCL35-180-400

As can be seen the initial 33% THD(I) value has been reduced to a residual 5% in the machines.

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Practical example of an LCL-TH Filter

Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

This installation has several lifts regulated by speed drivers. As can be seen these speed drivers generate harmonic
distortion concentrated on the 5th and 7th harmonic.

With the installation of an LCL- TH lter, harmonics are only ltered while the lift is working, reducing consumption and
avoiding any chance of overcorrection by the lter. This regulation is carried out via a static contactor and is controlled
with an operation board on the lift motors.

The following diagram shows how the current wave signal looks once the lters have been installed in each of the lifts.
As can be seen the THD (I) has been reduced from 41% to 8%.

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Practical example of an APF Filter
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

The following example shows a typical case of an ofce block with numerous single-phase loads such as: air-conditioning,
printers, monitors, and other three-phase loads in generating disturbances, speed drivers, inverters, PC's, etc.

Measurements were taken at point A, where a very distorted current wave can be seen, THD (I)= 41%.

By installing a lter, the current waveform will improve as shown in the following diagram.

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Practical example of an FB3 Filter

Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

The following example shows a typical case of an installation with a large number of computers, which are third harmonic
generating single-phase loads. As can be seen in the following diagram, the computers generate homopolar third harmonic
and multiples currents which return through neutral with THD(I) of 74.2%.

Once an FB3 third harmonic lter is installed, the THD(I) is reduced to 32%.
As can be seen, the FB3 lter becomes a great impedance to the third harmonic, blocking currents at that frequency.

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Required information for studying harmonics
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

Installation information

The diagram has to show:

DIAGRAM

Points where measurements have

1 been taken using the portable AR5
power analyser
Load distribution
INFORMATION

Number of power transformers

GENERAL

Single wire diagram of installation

Sn (Transformer Power) kVA
Indication of measuring points
2 Type of industrial process Transformer ratio V

Ucc (Short-circuit voltage) %

Measurings

Active and reactive power measurement

Harmonic measurement

Number of harmonics 1 3 5 7 11 13 THD

THD (U)
MAIN BOARD

THD (I)

In(A)
3
If there is a capacitor bank

With bank connected Without bank connected

THD (U) % THD (U) %
THD (I) % THD (I) %
Q (capacitor) kvar
P (instalation) kW

Measurements at power converter load terminals

Number of harmonics 1 3 5 7 11 13 THD

THD (U)

THD (I)

In(A)
LOADS

4 Measurements at other load generating terminals

Description of type of load:

Number of harmonics 1 3 5 7 11 13 THD
Discharge lighting
THD (U)
Welding machinery
Computers THD (I)
Others In(A)

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How to select ltering equipment

Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

Information about the installation

Information supplied in section Required information for studying

harmonics (page 44)

Equipment information

General features

Type

Voltage V

Frequency 50 / 60 Hz

Regulation A (if applicable)

Switchgear and control gear

Switch A

Automatic switch A

Automatic switch + A differential A

Other options

Power supply transformer

Forced ventilation

Polycarbonate board

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Dimensions
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

FRF / FRM FRP / FREP / FAR HP

FR6 / FAR-H6 / FAR-Q6 FR8 / FAR-H8 / FAR-Q8 FR12 / FAR-H12 / FAR-Q12

FRE6 / FARE-Q6 FRE8 / FARE-Q8 FRE12 / FARE-Q12

APF

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Dimensions

Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

FB LCL TH

LCL B LCL C LCL D

AF-2W

AF-3W / AF-4W

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Dimensions
Detuned and harmonic ltering banks

TSA

Figure A Figure B

EMR CEM

CIRCUTOR reserves the right to change the content of

this catalogue without prior warning.
CIRCUTOR does not assume any responsibility for any
Vial Sant Jordi s/n damage caused to persons or materials due to improper
or unsuitable use of its equipment.
08232 Viladecavalls
cod. C3R573-01

Barcelona (Spain)
Tel. (+34) 93 745 29 00
Fax: (+34) 93 745 29 14
e-mail: central@circutor.es
web: www.circutor.com
R5/6/7-48 Desing: Comunication CIRCUTOR, SA