Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1231
PubLication Date 08Apr94
Page 1 of 21
FLUOR DAMIEL
This practice establishes guidelines and reconmends procedures for design of driLLed
pier foundations.
ScOPE
This practice incLudes the foLlowing:
a Minimijii requirements from a GeotechnicaL Report and points out the inportant
role of a GeotechniceL Consultant.
Sanple conputations.
APPLICATIOW
Drilled piers should be used when reconinended by the Geotechnical Consultant for a
particular site or when they are the most economical of several alternatives alLowed
by the Geotechnical Consultant. The Lead Structural Engineer will decide when and
in which areas drilled piers wilt be used for a specific Project.
GEOTECHNICAL
COWSULTANT
The design of driLLed piers is a very coaplex subject. Successful design of deep
drilled piers requires close collaboration with the Geotechnical Consultant.
Report
The Geotechnical Report should address or provide the foLLowing:
Axial capacities, both conpression and uplift, for suitable diameters and
Lengths. These axial capacities should list separately end bearing and skin
friction capacities and factor of safety used. Estimated settlements for
these capacities, spacing, and group efficiency factors will be given. Group
effects of adjacent foundations will be addressed. Methods to conpute axial
capacities will be given.
STRUCTULP ENGINEERING
Practice 000.215.1231
PbL icat ion Date 08Apr94
Page 2 of 21
FLUOR DANIEL
Recoamiendations for Lateral toad anaLysis using nonUnear corputer program and
P-y curves if appLicable.
Soil modulus CE,), density (y), Poissons ratio (i), 50 percent strain (c50),
and undrained shear strengths (C,) for cLays.
Adhesion coefficient (a,) for cohesive soils for coaputation of skin friction
if appLicabLe.
Angle of internal friction for sand and pier () for cohesiontess soiL for
conputation of skin friction.
GENERAL
Single piers may be used to support individuaL coLLIIrIs such as pipe racks,
structures, and T supports. In seismic areas, UBC (Uniform BuiLding Code) pier cap
interconnection requirements wilt be reviewed.
A group of piers with a pier cap or grade beams may be used to support structures or
vertical and horizontal vessels similar to driven piers.
Advantages
DriLLed piers are economicaL since no forming and very Little excavation and
backfiLL are required.
Drilled piers can be designed and constructed to support large axial and
lateraL Loads. The diameter can be Large and the pier extended to great
depths requiring fewer piers. Pier caps may be eliminated.
Larger diameter driLLed piers aLLow direct inspection of bearing area and soil
at base.
a DriLLed piers eLiminate imich of the vibration and noise associated with pier
driving affecting nearby existing instaLLations.
a DriLled piers can go through a boulder soil where driven piers might be
defLected. BouLders can be removed directly or broken with speciaL tools and
then removed using teoporary casing.
Disadvantages
a UnsuitabLe soil may cave in during underream operation.
a For large diameter piers in weak soiLs, there may be ground Loss in the
vicinity of the drilled hole if adequate precautions are not taken.
DriLled piers in groups require special sequencing for drilLing and concreting
and may result in additionaL costs.
0
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Practice 000.215.1231
P.bLication Date 08Apr94
Page 3 of 21
FLUOR DANIEL
PIER DETAILS
Shaft diameters wilt be sized to agree with equipment available to the
Drilling Contractors in the vicinity of the jobsite that are likely to be
doing the work.
Belts wILL be sized in 6 inch increments. The belL to shaft diameter ratio
wiLt be a maximiin of 3. Quite often soil conditions wiLl restrict this ratio
to 2.
According to ACI (American Concrete Institute) 336.3R -72, for shafts Larger
than 30 inches, the mininun slope of the side of the bell wilt be 55 degrees.
Mininun vertical reinforcement in shafts is 0.005 times the gross area. The
reinforcement will preferably extend fuLl Length of the shaft. For very deep
shafts without tension, reinforcement may not be necessary for Lower section.
At pier caps, the shaft will extend a mininun of 4 inches into the cap. The
shaft is considered free headed for this condition.
Pipe cap edge distance from the shaft will be at least 6 inches.
For high seismic areas (Zones 3 and 4), the upper part of shaft and the cap
wilt be subjected to high moments and shear. The reinforcement splices at
this interface and the cap reinforcement require speciaL spiral and hoop
reinforcement. For additional details, refer to the Latest ACI code.
L(DING
Drilled piers wilt be designed for axial and lateral loads, including group effects.
Static
The design procedure presented herein is for static loading and repeated loading.
Live and wind loads are usually considered as static equivalents in analysis.
Seismic
In high seismic areas, cyclic loading has a severe effect on soil behavior. In
particular, the lateral capacity could be drastically reduced. The lateral subgrade
modulus could be reduced to 30 percent of the initial value. Cyclic Load cdoined
with group action may reduce the initial lateral subgrade modulus to 10 percent of
its value. Close collaboration with the Geotechnicat Engineer is required in high
seismic areas. Field tests may also be required.
STRUCTLAL ENGINEERING
Practice 000.215.1231
PibLication Date 08Apr94
Page 4 of 21
FLUOR DANIEL
CCII1UTER DESIGN
Soil pier interaction is nonlinear and semi-espiricaL. For sites with high wind
speeds or high seismic areas, some structures may require use of very deep drilled
piers. These structures may require use of nonLinear conputer programs. Use of
conputer programs, although easy to use, should be with close collaboration with the
Geotechnical Engineer. The Lead Structural Engineer wilL decide which structures
require detailed conputer analysis.
NOTATIONS
Base area.
C, Cohesive soils cohesion determined from undrained triaxial, direct shear, or vane
tests. (This is also called unconfined conpressive strength or undrained shear
strength).
Unfactored moment capacity of pier section. This should be obtained from ultimate
pier section capacity.
Ultimate lateral load at top of pier at which soil failure occurs. This is ultimate
soil resistance. It is not ultimate load for concrete design.
TC
0 Ultimate soil conpression capacity of drilled pier foundation. This is total of side
and base resistance.
STRUCTtAL ENGINEERING
Practice 000.215.1231
Pibtication Date 08Apr94
Page 5 of 21
FLUOR DAIHEL
Ultimate soil tension capacity of driLLed pier foundation. This is a totaL of side
and base resistance.
ri Cohesiontess soiL coefficient of lateral subgrade reaction for a Long pier with a
-
qb, Reduced uLtimate soiL end bearing stress. This reduction is due to Large beLt
diameter.
a Cohesive soiL for Alpha method of skin friction, this is an empirical factor that
-
y Soil density.
AXIAL
CIWRESSIOW
LOAD
Allowable axial compression Load strongly depends on allowabLe settlements.
STRUCT1AL ENGilIEERING
Practice 000.215.1231
Plication Date 08Apr94
Page 6 of 21
FLUOR DANIEL
For short rigid piers, a substantiaL portion of the Load wiLt be resisted at
base.
Cohesive SoiLs
(Clay)
Side Resistance
(Skin Friction)
a For skin friction resistance, the Alpha (a) method is used beLow.
=aCs5.5ksf
1
f
where
Q f dA
where
For Lateral defLections greater than 0.2 inches, the skin friction down to the
point of zero deflection is negLected.
Base Resistance
(End Bearing)
For end bearing resistance, the general bearing capacity equation is used
here.
,Sd+g
1
qb=5.14
0
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Practice 000.215.1231
Ptication Date 08Apr94
Page 7 of 21
FLUOR DMIEL
where
For a pier at least 2.5 beLL diameters beLow grade and using net capacities
(weight of drilled pier not considered as load).
g = 80 ksf
Reduced q, = F, q,
where
F
1 2.5
r F 10
[i2aB, + 2.5b
a=0.0071+0.0021(L/Bb) a0.015
b 0.45f 0.5b1.5
Note!!! Above reduction equation is from tests in very stiff cLays, soft clay
shates, and restricts a, to a settLement of 2.5 inches. If end bearing
constitutes more than 50 percent of design Load, a minimtin factor of
safety of 2.5 wiLL be used to restrict settlements at alLowabLe Loads
to 1 inch.
where
Cdiesiontess SoiLs
()
Side Resistance
(Skin Friction)
For skin friction, the Beta method is used here.
= 4.0 ksf
where
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Practice 000.215.1231
Piblication Date 08Apr94
Page 8 of 21
FLUOR DANIEL
f P dA
where
For lateraL deflections greater than 0.2 inches, the skin friction down to the
V point of zero deflection is negLected.
Base Resistance
(End Bearing)
a For end bearing resistance, short term settLements are the governing criteria.
Sand tends to Loosen at the bottom of an excavation. Also there appears to
be some densification beneath the base. Since a Large amount of settLement
cannot be tolerated, the Limiting values for end bearing resistance is
restricted to a downward base movement of 5 percent of base diameter.
UlZimate end bearing stress, a,, is a function of the uncorrected field vaLues
on standard penetration tests, N.
0N75 q=1.2Nksf.
(Z
V
NTh o=90.0ksf.
Reduced q
= l2Bb
where
AXIAL
TENSION LOAD
For axial tension Load or uplift, field test results are limited. A higher
factor of safety wilL be used.
a The general equation for coffputing the uLtimate tension capacity of drilled
pier is as foLLows: V
= Q+Qi+Wc
a
.TRUCThRAL ENGINEERING
Practice 000.215.1231
Pi.blication Date 08Apr94
Page 9 of 21
FLUOR DANIEL
where
Q = + +
UpLIrr 4 3to5 1.5
Straight Pier
The uLtimate capacity is coaputed from skin resistance and weight of pier.
The coapitation of skin resistance is the same as for coppressive Loading.
Betted Pier
Fotmdation
One coninonly used method is the assLJition of a vertical fictitious cyLinder
of soil of belt diameter 8
b above the belt and then copputirig skin (frictional)
resistance along this surface. The copputation of skin resistance is same as
for conpressive Loading. By this method,
= Q+Ws+W
where
SB
0 = Ultimate capacity in friction or skin resistance using
belt diameter Bb aLong entire cylinder Length.
= Weight of concrete.
Note!!! Axial resistance due to skin friction must neglect any skin
friction for the depth of frost. Frost causes jacking forces on
piers. The minimun depth to prevent this must be 2 1/2 times
the frost depth.
LATERAL L(1)
General
The analysis of lateralLy loaded piers is a copplicated soil structure
interaction problem. Closed form solutions to predict deflection and reaction
are available. However, these solutions assi.sne a Linear elastic soil response
which may resuLt in erroneous results. In order to correctly model the soil
response, a nonlinear Load transfer method is required. One such method is
the P-y curve method.
The Lateral capacity of a pier also depends on the fixity at the top of the
pier.
Brc Method
(Hand Calculations)
This is a sinple but conprehensive method for coffputing the LateraL capacity
of piers by hand. This method uses the Linear theory of subgrade reaction and
gives an approximate solution that is good for substantiaL portion of driLled
piers designed at Fluor Daniel. The method uses uLtimate soiL resistance and
application of a factor of safety. The results are corparabLe to nonlinear
conputerized solution at Loads of one-third to one-haLf of the ultimate soiL
resistance. At these Loads, deftections at the ground Line are small and the
linear theory of subgrade reaction (P = ky) is valid.
This method characterizes pier behavior as short or Long and faiLure modes
depends on pier head fixity according to Attachment 4.
P-y curves for soil will be obtained from the GeotechnicaL Report. From
experimental results and theory, P-y curves, both for static and cyclic
Loading are available for the folLowing situations:
The Geotechnicat Report should cLarify if the above P-y curves are applicable.
C
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Practice 000.215.1231
PiELicaticn Date 08Apr94
Page 11 of 21
FLUOR DANIEL
The P-y method wiLL be used for structures carrying significant Loads. The
Lead Structural Engineer wilt decide the structures that require detailed
Lateral Load analysis. CLose coLlaboration with the
Geotechnical ConsuLtant is very essentiaL. Coaputer progr allow
investigation of the influence of a Large n4.Iiter of parameters such as
Loading, geometry, pier penetration, soil properties, pier/superstructure
interaction, and buckLing with miniasri difficulty.
LATERAL L(D
DESIGN USING
SRMS *TH
Linitatione
This method assunes a uniform soiL profile.
This method uses the Linear theory of s.tgrade reaction and is applicable to
isolated piers such as 6 to 8 pier diameter spacing.
This method wiLl be used on existing sites where previous Geotechnicat Reports
have not adequately addressed allowable lateral toad capacity.
This method will be used with cLose collaboration with the Geotechriicat
Consultant. The required parameters will be obtained from the Geotechnical
Report.
This method does not give shear, moments, and deflections along the pier
Length at allowable Loads. The method uses the concept of ultimate soil
resistance at failure and an application of factor of safety to obtain
aLLowable Lateral load. Concrete design is on the conservative side. For
additional discussion, refer to sanpLe corputations.
Cohesive SoiLs
(Clays)
General
Broms assi.anes soil and pier as elastic materials and the forimitation is based
on results from saturated cohesive cLays that are over consoLidated. The
method assi.res ultimate soil resistance as 9 times the undrained soiL shear
strength (C,) times the pier diameter CD) such as 9 C,D, regardless of depth.
Soil resistance at top 1.5 pier diameters is negLected. (Refer to Attachment
5).
The ultimate shear strength of fissured clays is less than 9 C,; hence, this
procedure may lead to sLightly unconservative answers for such soils.
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Practice 000.215.1231
PubLication Date 08Apr94
Page 12 of 21
FLUOR DANIEL
1-2 75 87
The capacity of short pier depends on soiL shear strength, whereas capacity
of Long pier depends on uLtimate concrete capacity of pier section.
Free Headed
the top wiLL be used.
For a short pier (Refer to Attachment 5, Figure 2) faiLure takes pLace when
the pier rotates and uLtimate soiL resistance has deveLoped aLong entfre pier
Length.
Point of maximun moment and zero shear is at distance (1.5D + f) beLow grade.
From statics:
9CD
- (e
1
? + i.5D + 0.5f)
2.25 CDg
2
L = 1.5D + f + g
4Pa(1 + 1.5)
kDL
Long Pier
For a Long pier (Refer to Attachment 5, Figure 3), failure occurs with the
formation of a pLastic hinge in the pier (materiaL faiLure) at a depth of
(1.50 + f) beLow ground surface.
From statics:
f = ULT
9C D
p - N_ax
(e+i.5D+O.5f
where
2P_P(e+1)
lcD
Note!!! For 1.5 < < 2.5, coepute ULT as if it were a short pier.
Then coapute maximun moment, M,,_a.,. If this exceeds pier moment
Q Fixed Headed
capacity, then use Long pier equations.
Short Pier
For a short pier (Attachment 5, Figure 4), faiLure takes place when the pier
moves horizontalLy and ultimate soiL resistance is deveLoped along entire pier
Length. (Except top 1.5 pier diameters).
From statics:
= 9D (L 1.5D)
The maximun moment occurs at the top and wilt be tess than moment capacity of
pier section.
(0.5L+0.7D) SM_ax.
7
H_a,=P
where
a
kDL
STRUCTLAL ENGINEE.. NG
Practice 000.215.1231
Publication Date 08Apr94
Page 14 of 21
FLUOR DANIEL
(___
Intermediate Pier
From statics:
DOLT
9Cd
P,,J.(1.SD + 0.5f )
2.25 Dg
2
L 1.5D + f + g
Long Pier
For a Long pier (Refer to Attachment 5, Figure 6), faiLure occurs with the
formation of a plastic hinge at the maxinun negative moment (top of pier) and
another hinge at the maximun positive moment Located at a distance (1.50 + f)
below grade. This mode of failure is material failure of pier section.
From statics:
UL?
f
SCUD
- 2M
ULT
(1.5D+0.5f)
where
yo - aP
-
Cohesionless Soils
(Sands)
General
The method is based on the assiJttion that the lateral modulus of subgrede
reaction increases linearly with depth and decreases Linearly with width
(k,, = n, z/D). Also the ultimate soiL Lateral resistance is equal to 3 times
the passive rankine earth pressure.
5
Q=3DYZK
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Practice 000.215.1231
PLicatian Date 08Apr94
Page 15 of 21
FLUOR DANIEL
where
D = Diameter of pier.
y = Unit weight of soil.
z Depth below ground surface.
Dense, N > 30 56 34
Between AL 2.0 and 4.0, pier behavior is transition for Free Headed and
Intermediate for Fixed Headed. (Refer to Attachment 9, Figure 5).
The capacity of short pier depends on soiL properties whereas capacity of Long
pier depends on uLtimate concrete capacity of pier section.
Pier behavior is governed by soil properties near the top. Average properties
at 3 to 5 pier diameters from top wilL be used.
Free Headed
Refer to Attachment 9, Figure 2 (Short) and Figure 3 (Long).
Short Pier
For a short pier (Attachment 9, Figure 2), failure takes pLace when the pier
rotates and ultimate soiL resistance has developed along entire pier Length.
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Practice 000.215.1231
PiLicatian Date 08Apr94
Page 16 of 21
FLUOR DAMIEL
From statics:
I
3
yDL
ULT
2(eL)
I
ULT
f =0 8161
yDK
- PULT(e + f) -
L=f+g
The above equations can be used for conputing and a factor of safety wILL
be appLied to obtain aLLowabLe P. AlternativeLy, Attachment 10 couLd be used.
= 18P.(1 + 1.33)
2h
L
Long Pier
For a Long pier (Attachment 9, Figure 3), faiLure occurs with the formation
of a pLastic hinge in the pier (materiaL faiLure) at a depth f beLow grade.
From statics:
ULT
f=0.816()
1/2
C
+ 0.544(_)
where
- 2.40P
y0
5
h )
1
5
(E
Note!!! For 2.0 < L < 4.0, conpute LJU and maxhm.in moment, M,,. as if
it were a short pier. If the maximun moment exceeds moment
capacity of pier, then use Long pier equations.
Fixed Headed
Refer to Attachment 9, Figure 4 (Short). Figure 5 (Intermediate), and Figure
6 (Long).
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Practice 000.215.1231
PibLicaticn Date 08Apr94
Page 17 of 21
FLUOR DAIIIEL
Short Pier
For a short pier (Refer to Attachment 9, Figure 4), failure takes place when
the pier moves horizontalLy and uLtimate soiL resistance is developed along
entire pier Length.
From statics:
1.5 y 5
DK
2
L
The maximun moment occurs at the top and wilt be Less then moment capacity of
the pier section.
= 0.67 P L
where
Y =
fl
2
L
Intermediate Pier
For an intermediate pier (Attachment 9, Figure 5), faiLure takes place with
the formation of a plastic hinge at the top (material failure) allowing the
pier to rotate.
From statics:
putr0.5YDL2K+
where
The above equation is valid only if the maximuii positive moment at distance
f below grade is less than Mma,
= P (e + 0.67f)
f = 0 (...!9L.)i/2
yDK
The above equation can be used for conputing ULT and a factor of safety will
be applied to obtain allowable P
.
1
Long Pier
For a tong pier (Attachment 9, Figure 6), faiLure occurs with the formation
of a plastic hinge at the maxinun negative moment (top of pier) and another
hinge at the maximun positive moment Located at a distance f below grade.
This mode of failure is material failure of pier section.
STRUCT1AL ENGINEERING
Practice 000.215.1231
PLbLicatiori Date 08Apr94
Page 18 of 21
FLUOR DANIEL
From statics:
2M
/ p
e + 0.544I__i_
1% yD K
where
I p \.f2
f.O.816I
ly P
The previous equation can be used to coipute PULT and a factor of safety wiLt
be applied to obtain allowable Pa. ALternativeLy, Attachment 11 couLd be used
to cocpute PUIT.
=0.93
0
Y 3 2
(EI)
atw EFFECTS
z--- The design methods outlined in previous sections are for single isoLated piers
at a spacing of 6 to 8 pier diameters. Group effects significantly reduce
aLLowable capacities and are an inortant consideration.
. The miniimzn recomended pier spacing wiLt be 3 pier diameters. This is also
the minimun for constructibitity of pier without significant problems.
AxiaL
Cohesive
For cohesive soiLs, the capacity of individual pier wilL be reduced to 0.7 at
a spacing of 3 pier diameter. For greater spacing, interpolate from 1.0 at
8 pier diameter to 0.7 at 3pier diameter spacing.
Group effects also depend on the group configuration and settlements of the
group. For exarrle, the capacity of a group of 4 by 4 piers is less than a
group of 2 by 2 piers. A sinple block method could be used to conpute group
efficiency. The Geotechnicat Report will provide recoewnendations.
Where pier caps are used, the cap will be in firm contact with the soil or
else the capacity will be further reduced to 0.67 the capacity at 3 pier
diameter spacing.
CohesionLess
For cohesionless soils, the capacity of individual piers is the same at a
spacing of 3 pier diameters as an isolated pier.
Where pier caps are used, the capacity of individual piers will be reduced to
0.67 the capacity at 3 pier diameter spacing regardless of whether the pier
cap is in firm contact with the soil.
For lesser spacing, block method could be used. The Geotechnical Report will
provide reconinendat ions.
STRUCTLAL ENGINEERING
Practice 000.215.1231
Ptthticaticn Date 08Apr94
Page 19 of 21
FLUOR DANIEL
Lateral
Group effect of lateralLy Loaded pier is a corplex problem and is a fi.riction
of geometrical Layout, pier diameter, and spacing. Using the P-y method, the
P-y curves could be modified by reducing P by a group efficiency factor. For
the Broms method, the Lateral capacity will be reduced by a group efficiency
factor.
For high seismic zone, conbination of cycLic Loading and group action could
very significantLy reduce allowable Lateral capacity. The P-y method conputer
programs are recormended for corputing the Lateral capacity for this case.
This will be done with close collaboration with the Geotechnical Consultant.
SETTLEMENTS
One of the advantages of driLLed piers is that they can carry larger Loads
with Less settLement than for instance, spread footings. However, cooputation
of a corpression Load depends on acceptable settlements. This is more
pronounced when more than 50 percent of the load is resisted by the base.
Long drilled piers resisting a good percentage of applied loads in skin
resistance tend to settle the least and are more acceptable for performance
of the structure.
The settlement at the top of the pier is due to the elastic shortening of the
shaft and the settlement at the base is due to base resistance and skin
resistance.
Both short and long term settLements are of significant irportance for a
successful design of driLled pier and close colLaboration with GeotechnicaL
Consultant is required.
PIER BUCKLING
Potential pier buckLing under high axiaL Loads in weak soil will be
investigated.
For additional details refer to: U.S. Naval Manual NAVFAC OH 7.2, May 1982.
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Practice 000.215.1231
h.blication Date 08Apr94
Page 20 of 21
FLUOR DANIEL
REFERENCES I
C)
Bowles, I.E. Foundation AnaLysis and Design, 4th Edition 1988.
Woodward, R.J., W.S. Gar&er, and D.M. Greer. DriLLed Pier Fo4xdations, 1st Edition,
1972.
Broms, B.B. Design of LateralLy Loaded Piles. SM3, May 1965: 7999.
Broms, B.B. Lateral Resistance of Piles in Cohesive SoiLs. 5142, March 1964:
27-63.
Farr, J.S., L.C. Reese. Plain Concrete Underreams for Drilled Shafts. ST6,
June 1980: 1329-1341.
Ismaet, N.A., T.bI. KLn. Behavior of Rigid Piers in Layered Cohesive Soils.
GT8, August 1978: 1061-1074.
Reese, L.C., M.W. ONeiLl. Drilled Shafts: Construction Procedures and Design
Methods. FHWA-HI-88-042, August 1988.
Structural Engineering
Practice 000.215.1207: Anchor Bolt Design Criteria
Structural Engineering
Practice 000.215.1232: Driven Pile Foundations
Structural Engineering
Specification 000.215.02380: Drilled Caissons
C
STRUCTURA. ENGINEERING
Practice 000.215.1231
Pitlication Date 08Apr94
Page 21 of 21
FLUOR DANIEL
ATTACI*IEWTS
Attach.amt 1:
TypicaL DrilLed Pier Foundation*
Attadnt 2:
Typical Underream Shape*
Attadnt 3:
Design Procedure For DrilLed Pier Foundation - Geotechnical*
AttecInt 4:
FaiLure Modes For Piles*
Attachnt 5:
Deflection, SoiL Reaction, And Bending Moment Diagram For Piles In Cohesive Soil*
Attactent 6:
Cohesive Soils - Ultimate Lateral Resistance Of Short PiLes*
Attach.ent 7:
Cohesive SoiLs - Ultimate Lateral Resistance Of Long Piles*
Attachnt 8:
Cohesive Soil - Lateral Deflection At Ground Surface*
Attachent 9:
Deflection, Soil Reaction, And Bending Moment Diagram For Piles In CohesionLess
Soils*
Attactent 10:
Cohesionless Soil - Ultimate Lateral Resistance Of Short Piles*
Attach.ent 11:
Cohesionless Soil - Ultimate Lateral Resistance Of Long PiLes*
AttacIent 12:
Cohesiontess SoiL - Lateral Deflections At Ground Surface*
Attactent 13:
Model Of A Deep PiLe Foundation Under Lateral Loading Showing Concept Of Soil
Response Curves*
Attachent 14:
Explanation Of Portions Of Drilled Pier Not Considered In Coupiting Side Resistance*
Attachent 15:
Crane Mounted Drilling Unit*
Attach.ent 16:
Sanle Design 1: Straight Pile In Cohesive Soil*
Attach.ent 17:
Sanle Design 2: BelIed Pier In Mixed Soil Profile*
Attachment 18:
Sanpie Design 3: Short Straight Pile In Sand*
Attachment 19:
Sanple Design 4: Short Bet led Pier In Clay*
* This material was not created using WordPerfect; the Central Library is the
curator of this material.
IRUCTLRAL ENGINEERING
C
C)
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000 215 1231
December 1992
ATTACHMENT 1 ...Sheet 1 of 1
FLUOR DANIEL
AXIAL LOAD
MOMENT
LATERAL LOAD
>-
z
C-)
-J REINFORCING STEEL
I
LU
I
z
LU
LU SIDE (FRICTION)
m RESISTANCE
LU
BELL MAY BE USED IF REQUIRED
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
0
C,
000 215 1231
December 1992
LUOR DANIEL- ATTACHMENT 2 ...Shee 1 of 1
NOTE:
TOE HEIGHT
PIER EXTENSION MINIMUM 6
DEPENDS ON
REAMER USED
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
C) 0
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0
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000 215 1231
December 1992
ATTACHMENT 4 ...Sheet 1 of 1
LUOR DANIEL
/ //////
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LONG SHORT
P p p
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STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
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000 215 1231
December 1992
ATTACHMENT 5 ...Sheet 1 of 3
FLUOR DANIEL-
3D
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
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000 215 1231
December 1992
ATTACHMENT 5 ...Sheet 3
FLUOR DANIEL
P Mmax Mmax
C STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
0
000 215 1231
December 1992
ATTACHMENT 6 ...Sheet 1 of 1
FLUOR DANIEL-
0
Cohesive Soils Ultimate Lateral Resistance of Short Piles
[AFTER BROMS (1964)]
:3
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Li
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000 215 1231
December 1992
KI1ACIIMENT 7 ...Sheet 1 of 1
FLUOR DANIEL
cJ
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000 215 1231
December 1992
ATTACHMENT 8 ...Sheet 1 of 1
FLUOR DANIEL
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000 215 1231
December 1992
A11ACHMENT 9 ...Sheet 1 of 3
FLUOR DANIEl.
LATERAL LOAD. P
3D7 L<
C STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
-n
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000 215 1231
December 1992
ATTACHMENT 9 ...Sheet 3
LUOR DANIEL
P Mmcx Mmcx
3D) LpK
(a) DEFLECTIONS (b) SOIL REACTION (c) BENDING
MOMENT
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
C 0 0
000 215 1231
December 1992
A11ACHMENT 10 ...Sheet 1 of 1
FLUOR DANIEL
t)
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000 215 1231
December 1992
ATIACHMENT 11 ...Sheet 1 of 1
FLUOR DANIEL
0
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000 215 1231
December 1992
ATTACHMENT 12 ...Sheet 1 of 1
FLUOR DANIEL
C) Cohesionless Soil Lateral Deflection ot Ground Surface
[AFTER BROMS (1964)]
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000 215 1231
December 1992
ATTACHMENT 13 ...Sheet 1 of 1
FLUOR DANIEL
0*
Model of a Deep Pile Foundation Under Lateral Loading
Showing Concept of Soil Response Curves
[Federol Highwoy Administrotion (1988)]
AXIAL LOAD
MOMENT
P
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000 215 1231
December 1992
AACHMENT 14 ...Sheet 1 of 1
FLUOR DANIEL
LIMITING VALUE OF
LOCATION ALONG DRILLED PIER VALUE OF az LOAD TRANSFER, f sz
(ksf)
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
0
0
000 215 1231
December 1992
ATTACHMENT 15 ...Sheet 1 of 1
LUOR DANIEL-
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
000 215 1.231
December 1991
ATTACHMENT 16 ...Sheet 1 of 6
FLUOR DAMEL
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December 1991
ATIACHMENT 16 ...Sheet 5
FLUOR DANIEL
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CALCULATIONS and SXETCHES CHD
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ATTACHMENT 17 ...Sheet 5
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December 1991
AflACRMENT 18 ...Sheet 1017
FLUOR DANIEL
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22
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25
26
33
34
I 2 3 5 9 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 4 15 6 17 8 9 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
fl
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING TECHNICAL PRACTICE
000 215 1231
December 1991
ATTACHMENT 18 ...Sheet 3
FLUOR DANIEL
FLUOR DANIEL I
CALCULATIONS Kd SKETCHES
CONrNO. 62f
5 i4 w C H K
2 AzAL MPm:
3
4
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5 D5I6(4 F. A FACTvR. op OF 3 A4A-illSr flM&g 5ofL
6 ,F.5.
7
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9
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000 215 1231
December 1991
AflACHMENT 18 ..Sheet 5
FLU3R DANIEL
FWORDANIEL o. ,igo
CALCULATIONS ond SKETCHES
CNT. NO. ,4 -
By co
jD2rtgp POMMrIA-rrnFJ
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Sugar Land, Tx.. TX USA
27
Project: 000-2151231 EX.MPLE 3 File name: EXAtIPLE3.COL
28 ateria1 Properties:
C1umn Id: 30 INCH ROUND PIER
23 3321 ksi 0.003 in/in
Engineer: E.M.K
Time: 15:06:15 = 2.55 ksi E 29000 ksj
30 Date: 11/06/90
31889 Stress Profile : Parabolic
31 Code: Ad
Reduction: 0.70 0.90
32
Version: 2.10
S1endernes not considered x-axis
33
35
36
16 14 19 20 21 22 22 24 25 26 27 26 29
I 2 3 4 56 7 8 9 a 11 2 3 4 5 7
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000 215 1231
December 1991
ATTACHMENT 19 ...Sheet 2
FLUOR DANIEL
()
FLUOR DANIEL 0A I--gp
cor. O. iS ii
CALCULATIONS 4nd SKETCHES C 1<0
9Y
n Pt- Jk(tAr7fAI
S4T NO. / C 4
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k
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12
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000 215 1231
December 1991
AflACHMENT 19 ..Sheet 4
FLUOR DANIEL
T-O
ArEr2AL L,:
I
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6 13 z @ / f O u6 C
r?ftS / uT
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(.)
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c
4
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a
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9
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Is
20
roc. Ho.r Pic, Putr =
21 242. 43-2..
22
23
M=7.- (e+I53of) = P (6s(z)--5-)
24
PqLr (q+c5)
= 225 24 x 2:I4,
25
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26
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29
30
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000 215 1231
December 1991
ATFACHMENT 19 ...Sheet 6
FLUOR DANIEL
FLUOR DANIEL
CONt. NO. 2
CALCULATIONS nd SXETCHES CN O
MK
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31
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5 z 2xcffI8.z7// 73 ,4--4.( i1r U( 3 7i6 f2 sS
I 5 5 7 5 9 5 Ii l 3 14 15 5 7 IS 9 20 21 ZZ 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
3 -
IL C .W N - CO ?st CR-CT 5
S CJ TI
CAR
3
2
PCACOL Interaction Diagram
9 T
0 I
Ii
12
600 7/.
0
4
15
6 = 3.0 ksi
P
0
1c
i f0
I
/A
fy = 60.0 ksi p
I? S
8#6 0.8%
Ast
= 3.52 in
2 200
Tied cc = 3.00 in
spacing = 5.85 in
20 a 16286 in4
21
a 0.00 in
= 16286 in4
22 = 0.00 in
22
24
25 200
25
1990 PCA
27 Licensed To: Fluor Daniel, Inc., Sugar Land, Tx., TX USA
35
36
I 0 6 7 $ 9 3 II 12 13 4 9 6 17 8 9 20 21 22 23 24 23 26 27 28 29
2 2 4