2006

2006.10.0915

A Study on the InspectionAccreditationCertification system
of Seismic Isolation & Energy Dissipation Units in Taiwan

Tian-Chyuan Chan Ph.D
(President of CSSI)
(Assoc. Professor of PCCU)

E-mail: wowchan@ms32.hinet.net
Tel:0937-929-181

2006
2006.10.0915

1
2
3

()
(2005

5- 1
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1 2006.10.0915

1.



2.



3.

2006
2006.10.0915
1

4.



5.




6.

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1

7.







8.

2006
2006.10.0915
1


~2000 3:1 36-45m ()
2001~ 6:1 177.4m()

20041,284
22 (1.7%)
2088 13(15%)

~2000
2001~
2005-

5- 3
 2006
2 2006.10.0915

( 21-S.I.Buildings in Taiwan)
2005.12.19

2006
2 2006.10.0915

97
94 91
95 91
96 96
3897 96
92 96
01794
93 92
96 95
97 ()
93 96
93 ??
90
91 93

96

96

( 27-S.I.Buildings in Taiwan)
2006.10.09

5- 4
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2 2006.10.0915

()

2006
2 2006.10.0915

()

5- 5
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()

2006
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()
(93.02.17)

Damper

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2 2006.10.0915

41

83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 50%
2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 1 9 18

0 0 0 0 0 1 5 2 2 2 6 18
TMD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
TLD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

HMD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AMD 0 0 0
1 1 88/9/21
0 0 0 0 0 0 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 1 1 5 3 9 4 16 41

2006
2 2006.10.0915

20
16
15

9
10
5
5 4
3
1 1 1 1
0 0
0
83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93

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(2006)

50F

2006
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38F

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28F

2006
2 2006.10.0915

Seismic Isolation &Energy Dissipation Devices
Applied in Bridge Structures

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2006
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Bridge Applications
More than 20 highway bridges have been
constructed with lead-rubber bearing or high
damping rubber bearing for seismic isolation.
Two bridges have been conducting full scale field
tests and instrumented with seismic accelerometers.
A new bridge seismic design code is under review
which includes seismic isolation and energy
dissipation

2006
2 2006.10.0915

First Seismically Isolated Bridge in Taiwan

The Bai-Ho Bridge

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 2006
2 2006.10.0915

Field Test Program (Feb. 1999)

1. Full Scale Test of Bearings
-response under design earthquake
2. Ambient Vibration Test
-site characteristics
-response under normal traffic condition
3. Forced Vibration Test
-response under small earthquakes
-3 directions
4. Free Vibration Test
-Quick Release
-response under moderate earthquakes

2006
2 2006.10.0915

Longitudinal Acceleration at The Deck Center

Longitudinal Acceleration at The Bridge Deck (Channel 18)

200
150
100
50
Gal

0
-50
-100
-150
-200
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Time (sec)

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 2006
2 2006.10.0915

Transverse Acceleration at The Bridge Deck

Transverse Acceleration at The Bridge Deck (Channel 17)

300
250
200
150
100
50
Gal

0
-50
-100
-150
-200
-250
-300
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Time (sec)

2006
2 2006.10.0915

Field Record

0.9234Hz, 14.81% Damping

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2 2006.10.0915

Free Field Longitudinal Acceleration

Response Spectrum
Longitudinal Acceleration Response Spectrum
0.8
5%
0.7 10%
0.6 15%
0.5
Spa (g)

20%
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Period (sec)

2006
2 2006.10.0915

Free Field Transverse Acceleration

Response Spectrum
Transverse Acceleration Response Spectrum
0.8
0.7 5%
0.6 10%
0.5 15%
Spa (g)

0.4 20%
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Period (sec)

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2 2006.10.0915

Shi-Wei Bridge Damage condition

2006
2 2006.10.0915

New Shi-Wei Bridge

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2 2006.10.0915

Restrainers of New Shi-Wei Bridge

2006
2 2006.10.0915

Wu-Shi Bridge Damage Condition

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2 2006.10.0915

Seismic Isolation Bearings of New Wu-Shi Bridge

2006
2 2006.10.0915

Don-Fong Bridge Damage Condition

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2 2006.10.0915

New Don-Fong Bridge

2006
2 2006.10.0915

Restrainers of New Don-Fong Bridge

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2 2006.10.0915

609

2006
APPLICATIONS OF THE
2006.10.0915

SVPC SYSTEMS TO
BRIDGES & VIADUCTS
The new applications in the UE were
over 140 (half in Italy) in 2001 2003.

Somplago was the first

isolated viaduct in Italy
(1975): it withstood the
1976 Friuli earthquake.

The Italian applications In Italy: viaduct during construction

of ED, SI and with ED systems near Livorno (Italy) in the
STs were over 150 in 1990. Cecina Livorno highway (2001)

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 2006
2006.10.0915

Elastic-plastic dampers installed

in Turkey on the Bolu viaduct
of the Istanbul-Ankara freeway.
They saved the viaduct from collapse
during the 1999 Izmit earthquake,
although its intensity (0.87 g) was more
than twice the design value (0.4 g).

2006
Italian applications
2006.10.0915

abroad : Rion-
Antirion Bridge,
Greece (2004)

20 VD (F =
3500 kN; s =
1750 2600
mm (main bridge)

168 VD (F =
300 2400 kN; s
VD = 200 420
mm (approaches)

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2 2006.10.0915

2006
2 2006.10.0915

86

88
89
89
89
89
90

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91 3 8 0910082093
41
:

()
94.7.11

94.7.01

2006
2 2006.10.0915

94 07 11
0940084267

91 3 8 0910082093

94 7 1

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2 2006.10.0915

91860910009552

1.

2.

3.


4.

1-1-30.5m

5.

2006
2 2006.10.0915

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2 2006.10.0915

2006
2 2006.10.0915

9471

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2 2006.10.0915

2006
2 2006.10.0915

88.12.29 94.07.01

2005

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2 2006.10.0915

88.12.29 94.07.01
1. 9.1
2.
3. 9.2
4. 9.3
5.
9.4
9.5
6.(
) 9.6
10.1

10.2
10.3

10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7

2006
2 2006.10.0915

9141
9471

(
)

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()
(2005

2006

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()

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1
2

1.
2.

3.

1.
2.
3.

2006
2006.10.0915

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2006
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FVDF = CV
2,000

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1
2

(
)

2006
2006.10.0915

1.-
9.5
9.5.2()
9.5.2.1
9.5.2,2
9.5.2.3
9.5.2.4
9.5.5
9.5.5.1
9.5.5.2
2.-
10.7
10.7.2 ()
10.7.3
10.7.5

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2006.10.0915

100~160 kgf/cm2
()250 kgf/cm2

G6-1000-220

(KN)
100,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
(m)
0
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50

2006
2006.10.0915

( )
V df(mm
step cycles f(Hz) P(kN)
(N/mm2) (%) )
1 1525 50 4 0.025 7050 60
2 1525 100 4 0.015 7050 120
3 1525 150 4 0.010 7050 180
4 1525 200 4 0.006 7050 240
5 1525 250 4 0.004 7050 300

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2006.10.0915

3000T BANDO

2006
2006.10.0915

3000T

64

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2006.10.0915

65

2006
2006.10.0915

HDRB

Fig. 1 Static tests on HDRB Fig. 2 Dynamic tests on HDRB

A. Marioni
The use of High Damping Rubber Bearings for the protection of the
structures from the seismic risk
Jornadas Portuguesas de Engenharia de Estruturas(1988)

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 2006

2006.10.0915

U.S.A. Fiber reinforced bearings

Photo by:James Kelly(U.C.Berkeley)2004.11.17.JSSI

2006
2006.10.0915

() JAPAN ISO 22762

DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR
ELASTOMERIC ISOLATORS :

Nobuo MUROTA Bridgestone Corporation

Toshikazu YOSHIZAWA Bridgestone Corporation
Chiaki SUDOH Bridgestone Corporation
Fumihiko YAZAKI Yokohama Rubber Co.
Toshio NISHI Tokyo Institute of Technology

Photo by:Nobuo MUROTA(Bridgestone Corporation)2004.11.18. JSSI

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 2006

2006.10.0915

ISO organization and TC45/SC4/WG9

Elastomeric isolators
TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT BOARD

TECHNICAL
COMMITTEES

TC 1 TC 45 Rubber and rubber products

SC 1 SC 4 Products (other than horses)

WG 1 WG 9 Elastomeric isolators

Photo by:Nobuo MUROTA(Bridgestone Corporation)2004.11.18. JSSI

2006

2006.10.0915

Members of Working Group 9

Canada, China, Czech, India, Japan,Malaysia, Thailand,
United Kingdom, USA ,(Taiwan??)
Prof. Kelly (USA), Dr. Fuller (UK), Prof. Zhou (China)
Dr. Kamarudin (Malaysia) Prof.(Taiwan)

Japan : Chair-country (Convenor: Prof. Nishi)

Japan Rubber Manufacturer Association (JRMA)
ISO working group, consisting of isolator-, and
rubber material manufacturer, is undertaking the
task.
Photo by:Nobuo MUROTA(Bridgestone Corporation)2004.11.18. JSSI

5-35
 2006

2006.10.0915

Function of ISO 22762

Structural Engineer

Requirement

Test Method Quality Control

Program
Isolator Design

Isolator Manufacturer
Photo by:Nobuo MUROTA(Bridgestone Corporation)2004.11.18. JSSI

2006

2006.10.0915

ISO22762 and Other Standards

USA Europe

WBC, AASHTO
ISO 22762 CEN
NIST
Elastomeric
Isolators

The Building Standard

JAPAN Law of Japan
JSSI Standard
Photo by:Nobuo MUROTA(Bridgestone Corporation)2004.11.18. JSSI

5-36
 2006

2006.10.0915

Construction of Elastomeric isolators

Part-1: Test methods

Part-2: Application for bridges -

Specification

Part-3: Application for buildings-

Specification
Photo by:Nobuo MUROTA(Bridgestone Corporation)2004.11.18. JSSI

2006

2006.10.0915

Part-1: Test methods

1. Rubber material test
Tensile test(), Aging test(), Hardness(),
Adhesion property(), Shear property test(),
etc.

2. Isolator test
1) Compression-shear test()
2) Compression test()
3) Various dependence test()
4) Ultimate property test()
5) Durability test()
Photo by:Nobuo MUROTA(Bridgestone Corporation)2004.11.18. JSSI

5-37
 2006
Isolator test

2006.10.0915

Bi-axial testing machine

Load cell

Actuator
Test specimen
Load cell

Load cell

Test specimen
Actuator

Load cell
Photo by:Nobuo MUROTA(Bridgestone Corporation)2004.11.18. JSSI

2006

2006.10.0915

Definition of Isolator Properties

shear force

Q1
Compressive force

W: area of loop P1
Qd1
P0
X2
P2
shear disp.
Qd2
Q2

Q1 Q2 Y2 Y1
Shear stiffness Kh =
X1 X 2 Compressive displacement
2 W Compressive
Equivalent heq =
K h ( X 1 + X 2 )2 stiffness
damping ratio
1 Q Q Q Q P P
Post-yielding K d = 1 d1
+ 2 d2
Kv = 1 2
2 X1 X2 Y1 Y2
stiffness
Qd1 Qd 2 P1 = (1 + ) P0 , P2 = (1 ) P0
Characteristics Qd =
2
strength Photo by:Nobuo MUROTA(Bridgestone Corporation)2004.11.18. JSSI

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 2006

2006.10.0915

Definition of Isolator Properties

Shear force
(X1/2, Q1)

X2 (X2/2, Q4)
(X1/2, Q2) X1

Shear displacement
(X2/2, Q3)

Q2 Q3 Q1 Q 4
Kt = + 2
(
1 X X 2 ) 2 ( X 1 X2) 2

for LNR: Tangential Stiffness

Photo by:Nobuo MUROTA(Bridgestone Corporation)2004.11.18. JSSI

2006

2006.10.0915

Various dependence test

1) Strain dependence
2) Compressive force dependence
3) Frequency dependence
4) Repeated deformation dependence
5) Temperature dependence
Durability test
1) Degradation test()
2) Creep test()
3) Fatigue test()
Photo by:Nobuo MUROTA(Bridgestone Corporation)2004.11.18. JSSI

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2006.10.0915

Part 3 : Application for buildings -

Foreword specifications
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols (and abbreviated terms)
5 Classification
6 Requirements Differs in building-isolator

7 Design rules and bridge-isolator

8 Manufacturing tolerances
9 Marking and labeling
Photo by:Nobuo MUROTA(Bridgestone Corporation)2004.11.18. JSSI

2006

2006.10.0915

Classifications
by Performance

Linear Natural Rubber Bearing (LNR)

Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB)

High Damping Rubber Bearing (HDR)

Photo by:Nobuo MUROTA(Bridgestone Corporation)2004.11.18. JSSI

5-40
 2006

by Construction 2006.10.0915

Dowell Connection

Mounting flange +
Type-I
Connecting flange

Recess Connection
Isolators are
connected with either
Type-II Mounting flange directly Type-III
bonded to rubber layers dowell pins or recess
ring
Photo by:Nobuo MUROTA(Bridgestone Corporation)2004.11.18. JSSI

2006

2006.10.0915

by Ultimate Properties
Classification by maximum allowable shear strain
under;
(1) Nominal surface pressure
= design long term surface pressure 0
(2) 2 x Nominal surface pressure
= 2 x 0
Assuming increase of surface pressure by,
Overturning and vertical ground motion during
earthquake
Photo by:Nobuo MUROTA(Bridgestone Corporation)2004.11.18. JSSI

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2006.10.0915

Classification of isolators by critical stress-strain

properties
Ultimate cr150% 150% 200%cr 250%cr 300%cr 350%cr
shear cr 250% 300% 350%
200%
strain

Class A B C D E F

Critical Status= breaking() or buckling()

[Example]
In the following case,
cr = 320% under = 8 (N/mm2), : class E
cr = 240% under = 16 (N/mm2), : class C
Notation = N8E- M16C (M=????)

Photo by:Nobuo MUROTA(Bridgestone Corporation)2004.11.18. JSSI

2006

2006.10.0915

Requirements
Type test and Routine test
TYPE TEST
Assure design properties at development
: Pre-qualification, Proto-type test

Previous test results are available

ROUTINE TEST
Quality control test for individual
project

Photo by:Nobuo MUROTA(Bridgestone Corporation)2004.11.18. JSSI

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2006.10.0915

Adaptation of type test to the existing system

USA Type Test JAPAN
Pre-qualification Test
Pre-qualification Test
per
per
Each Isolator Size
Isolator Type
or Size-range
(Similar size of target
Project)
Authorization
Proto-type test By
Per Government
Project (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure
and Transport)
Photo by:Nobuo MUROTA(Bridgestone Corporation)2004.11.18. JSSI

2006
Required test for isolators 2006.10.0915

Properties Test items Test methods Routine Type

test test
Compressive Compressive(vertical) ISO/CD 22762-1 x x
properties stiffness 6.1.1
Shear stiffness ISO/CD 22762-1 x x
Post-yield stiffness 6.1.2
Shear Equivalent damping
properties ratio
Characteristics
force
Tensile Tensile fracture ISO/CD 22762-1 N.A. Opt.
properties strength 6.1.3
Tensile shear strain
Shear strain ISO/CD 22762-1 N.A. x
Dependence dependency 6.2.1
of shear Compressive stress ISO/CD 22762-1 N.A. Opt.
properties dependency 6.2.2
Frequency dependency ISO/CD 22762-1 N.A. x(m)
6.2.3

Photo by:Nobuo MUROTA(Bridgestone Corporation)2004.11.18. JSSI

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 2006
2006.10.0915
Required test for isolators
Properties Test items Test methods Routine Type
test test
Repeated loading ISO/CD 22762-1 N.A. x
Dependence dependency 6.2.4
of shear Temperature ISO/CD 22762-1 N.A. x(m)
properties dependency 6.2.5
Dependence Shear strain ISO/CD 22762-1 N.A. Opt.
of dependency 6.2.6
compressive Compressive stress ISO/CD 22762-1 N.A. Opt
properties dependency 6.2.7
Ultimate Breaking strain ISO/CD 22762-1 N.A. x
properties Buckling strain 6.3
7.4.4, Annex C
Property change ISO/CD 22762-1 N.A. x(m)
Durability 6.4.1
Creep ISO/CD 22762-1 N.A. x
6.4.2

Photo by:Nobuo MUROTA(Bridgestone Corporation)2004.11.18. JSSI

2006

2006.10.0915

Design Rules
1. Shape factor
1) First shape factor
2) Second shape factor
2. Compression and shear properties
1) Compressive stiffness
2) Shear stiffness and equivalent damping ratio
3. Stability and failure properties
4. Tensile properties
5. Strength check of steel parts

Photo by:Nobuo MUROTA(Bridgestone Corporation)2004.11.18. JSSI

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2006.10.0915

Annex: Stability and failure property

P = Pcr X
P = Pcr ( 1 )
d X
Axial Load P (N)

X =d

Horizontal Displacement ( Shear Deformation) X (mm)

Photo by:Nobuo MUROTA(Bridgestone Corporation)2004.11.18. JSSI

2006
2006.10.0915

Summary
The ISO standard for elastomeric isolators is
currently being developed by TC45/SC4/WG9. The
standards consist of three parts:
Part 1: Test Methods
Part 2: Application for bridges-Specifications
Part 3: Application for buildings-Specifications

These draft-standards will be voted for FDIS, and

are expected to completion as ISO in 2005.

Photo by:Nobuo MUROTA(Bridgestone Corporation)2004.11.18. JSSI

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 2006
2006.10.0915

()
()
1.

2.
(1).
(2).
(3).
(4).
3.
(1).
(2).
(3).
(4).

2006
2006.10.0915

()
()
1. 10.5.6
(1).
(2).
(3).

(4).

2. 10.5.8

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()





1.
(1). (2).

(3). (4).

(5).
2.
(1). (2).

(3). (4).

2006
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--

2002.5.31






2002.5.31

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2006
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2006
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--

http://www.mlit.go.jp/
http://www.pref.aichi.jp/kenchikushido/jimubunsyo2.html
http://www.mlit.go.jp/koueki2/shokan.htm
http://www.mlit.go.jp/koueki2/Jutaku.htm
http://www.njr.or.jp/
http://www.hyouka.gr.jp/index.html
http://www.hyouka.gr.jp/kikan/nintei.html
http://www.hyouka.gr.jp/kikan/cgi/kikan_card.cgi?KI=14
http://www.bcj.or.jp/index.html
http://www.bcj.or.jp/c03/c03.html
http://www.bcj.or.jp/c02/c02_1.html
http://www.gbrc.or.jp/
http://www.gbrc.or.jp/contents/building_confirm/minister_authorization/high_building
_index.html
http://www.gbrc.or.jp/contents/building_confirm/gyoumu_list/gyoumu_list_index.htm
l
http://www.j-eri.co.jp/

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36460m



3623

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[]




[]
[]
)

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2006
JSSI 2006.10.0915

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2006
JSSI() 2006.10.0915

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1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

2006
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(Thank You !!!)

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