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Abstract - This article proposes a non-blind water-marking the overlapping eect between luminous adaption and
based on Human Visual System (HVS) and Fuzzy Inference spatial contrast masking. But the drawback of the
System (FIS) with Discrete Cosine transform (DCT). The image scheme is it does not consider contrast sensitivity
transformed is segmented into 8 8 non over-lapping blocks
function.A brief introduction of fuzzy logic is provided
and for each block parameters such as contrast sensitivity,
luminous sensitivity, edge sensitivity, number of on pixels and in section II. Proposed watermark embeding and
number of regions are designed and are fed to FIS. The output extraction algorithms are presented in section III.
of fuzzy system is a single value which gives a continuous value Simulation results are presented in section IV.
of analogous to each DCT coincident. A binary watermark is Conclusions are provided is in section V
set in the original image based on perpetual weight
premeditated through FIS. The robustness of proposed method
2. FUZZY LOGIC
is examined by subjecting watermarked image to several
attacks. It is institute that fuzzy based watermarking achieves
high imperceptibility and robustness to attacks. Fuzzy logic provides a means for incorporating
human knowledge in the solution of problems whose
Key Words: HVS, FIS, DCT formulation is based on vague concepts [1]. FIS is used
to map a given input to output based on fuzzy logic.
1.INTRODUCTION Unlike crisp sets, fuzzy sets are having infinite valued
membership functions. The mapping then provides a
With the increase in the availability of digital data
framework for interpreting the data from which
over internet, the images so distributed can be copied
decisions can be made.
repeatedly with or without error, putting the rights of
owner at risk. One way to arrest illegal duplication is to Principles of Fuzzy set theory: Let Z is a set of
in-sert owners identity known as watermark into elements with element of Z denoted by z. This set is
potentially vulnerable images so that watermarks are called Universe of Discourse. A fuzzy set A in Z is
inseparable from the images itself. The important denoted by A(Z) that associates each element with an
requirements of watermarking [1] are centered on interval between [0, 1].Therefore a fuzzy set is an
three main issues -These are imperceptible quality of ordered pair consists of values of z and a membership
watermarked and attacked images, robustness and function that assigns a grade of membership to each z.
embedding capacity. Among these the former two
parameters are important and these are found to be The FIS has the following blocks as given in Ref.
mutually conflicting. Because of this water-marking [2].
may be perceived as an optimization problem to obtain
Fuzzification: for each scalar input, find the corre-
robust embedding and extraction scheme. This paper
sponding fuzzy values by mapping the input to the
addresses the problem by constructing fuzzy perpet-
interval [0, 1], using applicable rules defined in
ual masks. Human Visual System is the ultimate
rule editor.
receiver of most processed images. Incorporating. Just
Noticeable Dierence (JND) provides a means to model Apply an implication method: It is way to use
perpetual redundancy that is the maximum distortion inputs and the knowledge base represented by if-
which cannot be perceived by human eye. In [6]-[8] then rules to creates the output of system. This
JND thresholds are computed based on background process is known as implication or inference.
luminance adaption and spatial contrast masking. In
[2] a more accurate JND map is deduced considering
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 233
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Defuzzification; Final step is converting fuzzy out- original image [3] without noticing distortion.
put to crisp output by computing the center of Luminous sensitivity is measure of brightness of
gravity of aggregated fuzzy set. back ground. In each block the first element (0, 0)
Pn represent DC component of block and XDCM is the
v0 = i=1 iQ(i) (1)
mean of all D.C. coecients of 8 8. It is defined
in Eqn.2.
Pn XDC,i
C = statxture(image_seg) (3)
j = graythresh(image_seg) (4)
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 234
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
v) If (luminous sensitivity is medium) and (con- ((number regions is low) then (weight is
trast sensitivity is medium) and (edge sensitiv- average) (1)
ity is low) then (weight is least) (1) xviii) If (luminous sensitivity is bright) and (con trast
vi) If (luminous sensitivity is medium) and (con- sensitivity is high) and (edge sensitivity is
trast sensitivity is high) and (edge sensitivity is medium) and (Number of on pixels is low) and
low) then (weight is least) (1) ((number of regions is high) then (weight is
vii) If (luminous sensitivity is bright) and (contrast Higher) (1)
sensitivity is low) and (edge sensitivity is low) xix) If (luminous sensitivity is bright) and (con trast
then (weight is least) (1) sensitivity is high) and (edge sensitivity is
viii) If (luminous sensitivity is bright) and (contrast medium) and (Number of on pixels is low) and
sensitivity is medium) and (edge sensitivity is ((number of regions is high) then (weight is
low) then (weight is least) (1) Higher) (1)
ix) If (luminous sensitivity is bright) and (contrast xx) . If (luminous sensitivity is dark) and (contrast
sensitivity is high) and (edge sensitivity is low sensitivity is low) and (edge sensitivity is large)
then (weight is least) (1) and (Number of on pixels is high) and ((number
x) If (luminous sensitivity is dark) and (con-trast of regions is low) then (weight is less)
sensitivity is low) and (edge sensitivity is xxi) If (luminous sensitivity is dark) and (contrast
medium) and (Number of active pixels is low) sensitivity is medium) and (edge sensitivity is
and (number of objects is high) then (weight is large) and (Number of on pixels is low) and
less.) ((number of regions is high) then (weight is
xi) If (luminous sensitivity is dark) and (contrast Higher) (1)
sensitivity is high) and (edge sensitivity is xxii) If (luminous sensitivity is dark) and (contrast
medium) and (Number of on pixels is low) and sensitivity is high) and (edge sensitivity is large)
((number of regions is high) then (weight is and (Number of on pixels is low) and ((number
Higher) (1) of regions is high) then (weight is high) (1)
xii) If (luminous sensitivity is dark) and (contrast xxiii) If (luminous sensitivity is medium) and (con
sensitivity is medium) and (edge sensitivity is trast sensitivity is low) and (edge sensitivity is
medium) and (Number of on pixels is low is low) large) and (Number of on pixels is high) and
and (number of regions is high) then (weight is ((number of regions is low) then (weight is
Higher) (1) average)
xiii) If (luminous sensitivity is medium) and (con- If (luminous sensitivity is medium) and (con
trast sensitivity is low) and (edge sensitivity is trast sensitivity is medium) and (edge sensitiv
medium) and (Number of on pixels is low) and ity is large) and (Number of on pixels is high)
((number of regions is high) then (weight is and ((number of regions is low) then (weight
less) (1) is average) (1)
xiv) If (luminous sensitivity is medium) and (con-
xxv) If (luminous sensitivity is medium) and (con-
trast sensitivity is medium) and (edge sensi-
trast sensitivity is high) and (edge sensitivity is
tivity is medium) and (Number of on pixels is
large) and (Number of on pixels is low) and
high) and ((number of regions is low) then
((number of regions is high) then (weight is
(weight is average) (1)
Higher) (1)
xv) If (luminous sensitivity is medium) and (con
xxvi) If (luminous sensitivity is bright) and (contrast
trast sensitivity is high) and (edge sensitivity is
sensitivity is low) and (edge sensitivity is large)
medium) and (Number of on pixels is high)
(weight is and ((number of regions is low) then and (Number of active pixels is high) and (num-
average) (1) ber of objects is low) then (weight is Higher) (1)
xvi) . If (luminous sensitivity is bright) and (con trast
xxvii) If (luminous sensitivity is bright) and (contrast
sensitivity is low) and (edge sensitivity is
sensitivity is low) and (edge sensitivity is large)
medium) and (Number of on pixels is high) and
and (Number of on pixels is high) and (number
((number of regions is low) then (weight is
of regions is low) then (weight is Higher) (1)
average) (1)
xxviii) If (luminous sensitivity is bright) and (contrast
xvii) If (luminous sensitivity is bright) and (contrast
sensitivity is high) and (edge sensitivity is large)
sensitivity is medium) and (edge sensitivity is
and (Number of on pixels is low) and number of
medium) and (Number of on pixels is high) and
regions is high then weight is Highest) (1)
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 235
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
4. Simulation results
4.1. Imperceptibility
2552
P SN R = 10log10 (6)
Fig. 5. Original images of lena, living room, Baboon,
M.S.E Pirate. And watermarked images of Lena, living
As scaling factor is improved the imperceptibility is in- room, Baboon and pirate.
creased but the robustness against attacks reduced. A
subjective evaluation test is conducted by 30 subjects
and it unanimously confirmed that the perpetual
invisibility of the watermark. The experimental set up
was conducted on four images which consist of two
copies of each image and the images are displayed on
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 237
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
REFERENCES
4.2. Robustness
5. CONCLUSIONS
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 238