TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

363 P. Casal St., Quaipo, Manila

LABORATORY REPORT ON
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
EXTRACTION OF COMPONENTS OF SAMBONG LEAVES

Submitted By:
MARTI, Benedick Jayson P.
FILIPINAS, Rhocelle
ORTIZ, Bea Mirella
MOMBAY, Maika
DE GUZMAN, Kim Paulo N.
GROUP 5

Submitted To:
PROF. Anne Marie Valdez

March 24, 2017

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 TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
363 P. Casal St., Quaipo, Manila

OBJECTIVE(S):
To extract the components of sambong leaves.
To learn how to extract leaves through the use of sohxlet extraction method
and ethyl acetate as a solvent.

INTRODUCTION:
Blumea balsamifera (L) DC,
commonly known in the Philippines as
sambong, is an herb that can grow anywhere
in the Philippines and is also abundant in
other Asian countries like India, China, and
Malaysia (Quisumbing 1978). The leaves of
sambong are extensively used in folk
medicine to address various conditions
including arthritis, rheumatism, headache,
chest pains, diarrhea, dysentery, stomach
pain, cough, and fever relief. The decoction is used as a diuretic in edema, in
expelling kidney stones, and in the management of urolithiasis (Quisumbing 1978;
DOH BFAD 2005). The Philippine National Drug Formulary (PNDF) Essential
Drugs List (DOH-NFC 2005) includes sambong in its list of drugs under diuretics,
taken orally as a 250 mg or as a 500 mg tablet. Alternative preparations include
capsules and bags for infusion. The leaf infusions and dosage forms were used to
provide evidence of the pharmacologic activities of B balsamifera including
intraocular pressure lowering effect (Arroyo and others 1990), antimutagenic
activity (Lim-Sylianco and others 1987), and dissolution of calcium/urinary tract
stones (Rico 1992).
Phytochemical investigation of sambong leaves reveals a diverse list of
chemical constituents present which includes the flavonoids. The high amount of
flavonoid content of the crude methanol extracts was attributed for the xanthine
oxidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of B. balsamifera (Fazilutan and others
2003; Fazilutan and others 2004). Among the flavonoids found in the leaves of
sambong are quercetin, velutin, luteolin, luteolin-7-methyl ether, rhamnetin,
tamarixetin, ombuin, 3,3-dimethyoxyquercetin, 3,7-dimethylquercetin, quercetin-
3,7,3.-trimethyl ether, 3,7,4-trimethylquercetin, persicogenin, and 3,4,5-
trihydroxy-3,6,7- trimethoxyflavone (Barua and Sharma 1992; Fazilutan and others
2004; Ali and others 2005).

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 TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
363 P. Casal St., Quaipo, Manila

MATERIALS:
Soxhlet Extractor
Distilling Flask
Condenser
3 - 250 ml Erlenmeyer Flasks
3 - 250 ml Beakers
Mortar & Pestle
Hot Plate
Hot Bath
Iron Stand
Iron Clamp
Rubber Tubes
Cotton
250 ml Ethyl Acetate

METHOD:

Soxhlet Extraction Method is the process of

transferring the partially soluble components of a solid to the
liquid phase using a Soxhlet extractor. The solid is placed in a
filter paper thimble which is then placed into the main
chamber of the Soxhlet extractor. The solvent (heated to
reflux) travels into the main chamber and the partially soluble
components are slowly tranferred to the solvent.

SOLVENT:
Ethyl acetate is the most familiar ester to many chemistry students and
possibly the ester with the widest range of uses.
Esters are structurally derived from carboxylic acids
by replacing the acidic hydrogen by an alkyl or aryl
group. Ethyl acetate itself is a colorless liquid at room

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 TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
363 P. Casal St., Quaipo, Manila

temperature with a pleasant "fruity" smell; boiling point is 77C.

Ethyl acetate has many uses, such as artificial fruit essences and aroma
enhancers, artificial flavors for confectionery, ice cream and cakes, as a solvent in
many applications (including decaffeinating tea and coffee) for varnishes and
paints (nail varnish remover), and for the manufacture of printing inks and
perfumes.

PROCEDURES:
1. Wash and clean the sambong leaves.
2. Using mortar and pestle to grind the leaves to provide a greater surface area.
3. After grinding, use the drier to remove the moisture of the leaves for faster
extraction for 2 hours.
4. All equipment should be provided for students to assemble. Allowing
students to build the extraction apparatus may give them a greater
appreciation for the process of extraction, as opposed to testing an
antimicrobial compound out of a purchased bottle.
5. The students should begin by building a rig using stands and clamps to
support the extraction apparatus.
6. Following this, the solvent (250 ml of ethyl acetate) is added to a round
bottom flask, which is attached to a Soxhlet extractor and condenser on a hot
plate.
7. The crushed plant material is loaded into the thimble, which is placed inside
the Soxhlet extractor. The side arm is lagged with glass wool.
8. The solvent is heated using the hot plate and will begin to evaporate, moving
through the apparatus to the condenser. The condensate then drips into the
reservoir containing the thimble. Once the level of solvent reaches the
siphon it pours back into the flask and the cycle begins again. The process
should run for a total of 16 hours.
9. Once the student has set up the extraction it can be left to run without direct
supervision. It is not advised to leave the equipment completely alone due to
the mix of running water and an electrical appliance, so a technician or other
lab user should be made aware. The equipment can be turned on and off

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 TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
363 P. Casal St., Quaipo, Manila

when overnight running is not permitted, and the time split over a number of
days.
10. After the extraction using soxhlet extraction method, get a distilling flask
and a condenser to perform a distillation of the extract to remove the solvent
leaving the extract in the distilling flask.

The drying of sambong leaves in drier for 2 hours.

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 TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
363 P. Casal St., Quaipo, Manila

Performing of soxhlet extraction method of a

sambong leaves and ethyl acetate as a solvent.

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 TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
363 P. Casal St., Quaipo, Manila

DATA AND RESULTS:

TIME TABLE
PROCESSES DATE TIME
Drying March 3, 2017 2:30 PM 4:30 PM
Extraction March 8, 2017 9:30 AM 4:30 PM
March 9, 2017 7:30 AM - 3:30 PM
Distillation March 9, 2017 3:30 PM 4:30 PM

SAMBONG DATA
Mass of the clean and dried sambong 19.33 g
leaves
Mass of the extract 2.50 g
% Yield 12.93%

COMPUTATIONS:
1. Find the % Yield
Formula:

% = 100%

2.50
% = 100%
19.33

% = 12.93 %

CONCLUSION:
Our group therefore conclude in this experiment about the extraction of
component of sambong leaves that the % yield is 12.93% of extract from 19.33 g
of feed leaves to the extractor using a soxhlet extraction method and ethyl acetate
as a solvent.