Equilibrio L-V A Alta Presion

PJI
ELSEVIER Fluid Phase Equilibria 106 (1995) 213-282
rligh-Prm Flaid-Ph Equilibri

. ental Methodsand SystemsInmtigated(19m1-1993)
Rltlf Dohnl a'b and C.~rd Brunner a
aTheaTnische Veffahrenstechnik, 772 Hamburg-Harbueg, 21071 Hambmg, Germany

bcnrrent address: Bayer AG, ZF-TI47 5, 51368 Leverknsen, Germany; coeresponding author
Received28 December1994;acceptedin finalform4 February 1995
Mmraet
Experimental methods for the investigation of high-pressure phase equilibria are classified
and described. A review of systems for which high-pressure phase-equilibrium data have been
published between 1988 and 1993 is given. Vapor-liquid equilibria (VIE), liquid-liquid equili-
bria 0.,LE), vapor-liquid-liquid equilibria (VLLE), the solubility of high-boiling substances in
supercritical fluids and the solubilityof gases in liquids are included. For the systems inve-
stigated, the reference, the temperature and pressure range of the data, and the experimental
method used for the measurementsis given in 28 tabhs.
Keywords: experiments, data, method, VLE high pressure, hydrocarbons, non-hydrocarbons
1. Inn-oduction
For many chemical processes and separation operations that are
conducted at high pressures, knowledge of the phase behavior is of special
interest. Other examples for the need of high-pressure phase equilibrium
data are the simulation of petroleum reservoirs, enhanced oil recovery, the
transportation and storage of natural gas, and the study of geological
processes. In particular, the interest in supercritical-fluid extraction proces-
ses has lead to an increase in the number of publications concerning
high-pressure phase-equilibrium data. Fundamentals and applications of
supercritical-fluid technology have been described in several monographs,
e.g., McHugh and Krukonis 0994) and Brunner (1994).
There are many ways to obtain information about the phase behavior
of fluid mixtures. The direct measurement of phase-equilibrium data
remains an important source of information, though it is difficult and
expensive to take precise experimental data. There are several review
articles about techniques for experimental investigation, e.g., by Tsiklis
(1968), Schneider (1975), Eubank et al. (1980), Deiters and Schneider (1986)
and by Fornari et al. (1990). Information about experimental equilibrium
data is important, even when thermodynamic models are used to calculate
the phase behavior of a mixture. Thermodynamic models can help to re-
duce the number of experimental data points needed for a special design
problem. But very often, at least some experimental data points are
0378-3812/95/$09.50 1995 - Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

SSDI 0378-3812 (95) 02703-3
214 R. Dohrn, G. Brunner / Fluid Phase Equilibria 106 (1995) 213-282
needed to adjust interaction parameters of the model (Dohm, 1994).

Reviews of high-pressure phase-equilibrium data in the literature have
been published by several authors, e.g., by Hicks (1978), Knapp et al.
(1981), covering the period from 1900 to 1980, and by Fornari et al. (1990),
covering 1978 to 1987. This work gives an overview about systems for
which high-pressure phase equilibrium data have been published from 1988
to 1993, including vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE), liquid-liquid equilibria
(LLE), vapor-liquid-liquid equilibria (VLLE), the solubility of high-boiling
substances in supercritical fluids, and the solubility of gases in liquids.
This survey covers readily accessible journals, as listed in Table 1, as well
as proceedings of meetings concerning phase equilibria and supercritical
fluids. Of course, the expression high pressure is relative; we chose 1 MPa
as the lower limit: a paper was considered to contain high-pressure data if
at least one data point was measured at a pressure of 1 MPa or higher.
Table 1
Bibliographic Information
Journal Number of papers
1978 - 19870 1988 - 19932)
Fluid Phase Equilibria 69 158
Journal of Chemical Engineering Data 92 115
Journal of Supercritical Fluids 0 0 43
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 15 18
Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan a) 0 14
Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 3 13
Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft, Physical Chemistry 9 7
AIChE Journal 5 5
Journal of Physical Chemistry 3 5
Chemical Engineering Science 2 1
Journal of the Chemical Society / Faraday Transactions 1 1
1) Fornari et al. (1990); 2) This work; a) Not covered by Fornari et al. (1990)
4) The first issue of the Journal of Supercfifical Fluids appeared in 1988.
The interest in high-pressure phase equilibria, which started in the

1960s, is still increasing. In Table 1 the number of papers published from
1978 to 1987 (Fornari et al., 1990) is compared with the number published
from 1988 to 1993. While in the first period each year about 20 publications
containing phase-equilibrium data appeared, three times as many articles
were published in the second period. With 158 publications from 1988 to
1993, Plum Phase Equilibria has become the leading journal of high-
pressure phase-equilibrium data. More than 80~ of the information was
published in l;quid Phase Equih'bria, the Journal of Chemical Engineering
Data, and the Journal of Supercritical Fluids.
R. Dohrn, G. Brunner / Fluid Phase Equilibria 106 (1995) 213-282 215
Experimental methods for the investigation of high-pressure phase

equilibria can be divided into two classes, depending on how the composi-
tion is determined: analytical methods (or direct sampling methods) and
synthetic methods (or indirect methods).
2.1 An ieatl m hocls

Analytical methods involve the determination of the compositions of
the coexisting phases. This can be done by taking samples from each
phase and analyzing them outside the equilibrium cell at normal pressure
or by using physicochemical methods of analysis inside the equilibrium
cell under pressure, e.g., spectroscopic methods (designated by "$1~" in
Tables 2 - 29) (e.g., Kaiser et al., 1992).
Withdrawing a large sample from an autoclave causes a considerable
pressure drop, which disturbs the phase equilibrium significantly. This
pressure drop can be avoided by using a variable-volume cell ('Nrm') (e.g.,
Staby and MoUerup, 1991) or by blocking off ("ltlo") a sampling cell from the
equilibrium cell before pressure reduction (e.g., Dohrn et al., 1993). If only
a small sample is withdrawn or if a relatively large equilibrium cell is
used, the slight pressure drop does not affect the phase compositions
significantly. Small samples can be withdrawn using capillaries ("Cap")
(e.g., Matos et al., 1989) or special sampling valves ('%ral"), e.g., using
HPLC-valves or fast-acting pneumatic valves (Lauret et al., 1994). Often
sampling valves are directly coupled to analytical equipment, e.g., to a gas
chromatograph (e.g., Danesh and Todd, 1990). A simple method to reduce
the pressure drop during sampling by using a second autoclave has been
proposed by Brunner et al. (1993).
Depending on the attainment of equilibrium, analytical methods ("An")
can be classified as constant-temperature methods ("ANT'), constant-
pressure-and-temperature methods ( " ~ ' ) and constant-pressure methods
2.1.1 Constant-temperature methods ("ANT')

An equilibrium cell is charged with the substances of interest. After
the desired temperature has been reached, the mixture is kept at a
constant temperature. At the beginning of the experiment, the pressure is
adjusted above or below the desired equilibrium value, depending on how
equilibration will change the pressure. By stirring the mixture or by
rocking the autoclave or by recirculating one or more phases, time for
equilibration of the phases is reduced. After some time, the pressure
reaches a plateau. The pressure can be readjusted, by adding or with-
drawing material or by changing the volume of the equilibrium cell.
Usually, the equilibration is continued for at least 30 minutes after the
pressure plateau is sufficiently close to the desired value. Before analyzing

the compositions of the coexisting phases, the mixture is given some time
without stirring, rocking or recircuiation for the separation of the phases
(e.g., W'aterling et al., 1991).
Constant-temperature methods that use stirring or rocking to ensure a
rapid approach to equilibrium are often called analytical-static methods.
As opposed to recirculating methods, the mixture does not leave the equi-
librium cell during the experiment. But, since the expressions "static cell"
and "static method" are used by some authors for other experimental me-
thods (e.g. for a synthetic method in a view cell or for a synthetic method
using the material balance to determine solubilities of gases in liquids), we
avoid the expression "static" in our classification.
Recirculation of one or more phases has the advantage that the sampl-
ing volume (e.g., the loop of a six-port valve) is fiUed isobarically. In this
way problems are avoided which can be encountered when samples of
light and heavy components are taken through capillaries (Renon et al.,
1989; Brunner et al., 1994).
When only the vapor phase is recirculated ("Vt~'), the vapor phase is
withdrawn continually and passed back into the equilibrium cell through
the liquid phase by the action of a magnetic pump (e.g., Knapp et al.,
1990). Samples can be withdrawn by placing a sampling valve (e.g., Hart et
al., 1992) or a sampling autoclave (e.g., Dohrn et al., 1993) in the recircu-
lation loop. The liquid phase is usually analyzed by taking samples
through capillaries. Recirculation of both the vapor and the liquid phase
('~'Ld~') has the advantage that sampling from both phases is possible
without using capillaries (e.g., Kim et al., 1989). If a vibrating-tube densi-
meter is installed in a recirculation loop, the density of the circulated
phase can be determined easily. The pump should be turned off during
density measurement to avoid errors due to pulsation (Wendland et al.,
1993). Sometimes only the liquid phase is circulated ("Lgi~'), e.g., for the
measurement of solubilities of gases in liquids (Chang, 1992) or for the
measurement of liquid-liquid equilibria (Hooper et al., 1988).
Constant-temperature methods need relatively simple and inexpensive
laboratory equipment. If carried out carefully they can produce very
reliable results.
2.1.2 Constant-pressure-and-temperature methods ("AnP~)

In constant-pressure-and-temperature methods, often called dynamic
methods, one or more fluid streams are pumped continuously into a
thermostated equilibrium cell. The pressure is kept constant during the
experiment by controlling an effluent stream, usually of the vapor phase.
2.1.2.1 Continuous-flow methods ( ~ ~ ' )

In a typical design of a continuous-flow method, high-pressure meter-
ing pumps feed the preheated components into a mixer (often a static
mixer) where the desired temperature is attained. The feed stream from
the mixer is separated in an equilibrium cell into a vapor and a liquid
phase. Effluents from both phases are withdrawn continually, depres-
surized, accumulated and analyzed, usually after the experiment. The
pressure is adjusted by controlling the effluent stream of the top phase.
The interface level between the fluid phases in the equilibrium cell can be
adjusted with the bottom-phase expansion valve. Although the interface
level is usually determined visually, nonvisual methods were successfully
used, e.g., with an AC impedance bridge technique (Hochgeschurtz et al.,
1993).
Continuous-flow methods have the advantage that sampling does not
disturb the equilibrium. If larger samples are needed for analyses, the run
time of the experiment can be extended to accumulate more material.
Measurements at higher temperatures are possible without chemical
cracking or polymerization reactions due to the short residence time of the
components in the apparatus (Hutchenson et al., 1990). Continuous-flow
methods can be used only for systems where the time needed to attain
phase equilibrium is sufficiently short.
2.1.2.2 Semi-flow methods ('l~lPTSem')

In semi-flow methods, only one phase is flowing while the other phase
stays in an equilibrium cell. Semi-flow methods are sometimes called
single-pass flow methods or pure-gas circulation methods. For the mea-
surement of vapor-liquid equilibria, a gas stream from a high-pressure
cylinder is passed through two cells in series containing the liquid. The
first cell serves as a presaturator and the second cell is the equilibrium
cell. Upon equilibration, the effluent of the vapor phase is reduced in
pressure and directed to a trap where the condensed liquid is collected.
The quantity of the gas coming out of the trap can be determined volu-
metrically with a wet test meter. Sarnples from the liquid phase are with-
drawn through tubing, depressurized, and analyzed (Lee and Chao, 1988).
The major uncertainty is the possible lack of attainment of equilibrium.
Semi-flow methods can be also used to measure the solubility of a gas
in a liquid. The experimental procedure ( n A I ~ T ~ I ~ ' ) is similar to the
one for measuring vapor-liquid equilibria, but there is no need to deter-
mine the composition of the effluent from the vapor phase (e.g., Huang et
al., 1988c). Many investigators use a semi-flow method ( " ~ ~ " ) to
determine the solubility of a low-boiling (liquid or solid) substance in a
supercritical gas (e.g., Di Giacomo et al., 1989). Only the composition of
the vapor-phase effluent is analyzed, e.g., by using a multi-port sampling
valve (Sako et al., 1991b) or after expansion to atmospheric pressure. No

samples from the condensed phase are taken.
2.1.3 Constant-pressure methods ("AnF')

An alternative to direct measurements of pressure-temperature-liquid
mole fraction-vapor mole fraction (PTxy) data is the measurement of PTx
data followed by a thermodynamic analysis. A fast and simple way to
measure PTx data is the use of an ebulliometer, which is a one-stage
total-reflux boiler equipped with a vapor-lift pump to spray slugs of
equlibrated liquid and vapor onto a thermometer well (Olson, 1989). A
mixture of known composition is brought to boil at a controlled pressure.
The compositions of the liquid and the vapor phase change with time and
reach a steady state which should differ insignificantly from the true
equilibrium value. A thermodynamic analysis yields the phase composi-
tions. Usually ebulliometry is used to measure low-pressure data. Recently,
ebulliometers have been proposed (Olson, 1989; Wlsniewska et al., 1993)
which can be used for pressures up to 3 MPa.
2a m .xts Cs ')
The idea of synthetic methods is to prepare a mixture of known com-
position and then observe the phase behavior in an equilibrium cell. No
sampling is necessary. The problem of analyzing fluid mixtures is replaced
by the problem of "synthesizing" them (Deiters and Schneider, 1986).
After known amounts of the components have been placed into an equili-
brium cell, values of temperature and pressure are adjusted so that the
mixture is homogeneous. Then the temperature or pressure is varied until
the formation of a new phase is observed (Suppes and McHugh, 1989).
Each experiment yields one point of the P-T-x phase envelope.
Synthetic methods can be used where analytical methods fail, i.e.,
when a phase separation is difficult due to similar densities of the
coexisting phases, e.g. near or even at critical points and in barotropic
systems, where at certain conditions the coexisting phases have the same
density. Because no sampling is necessary the experimental equipment can
be rather inexpensive. Often, the experimental procedure is easy and quick
(Schneider, 1975). For multicomponent systems, experiments with synthetic
methods yield less information than with analytical methods, because the
tie lines cannot be determined without additional experiments, e.g., refrac-
tive index measurements (Bolz and Stephan, 1991).
2.2.1 Visual synthetic methods ("$yn~ff')

The appearance of a new phase is usually detected by visual observa-
tion of the resulting turbidity or meniscus in a view cell. The visual
synthetic method can be used not only for the determination of simple
vapor-liquid equilibria, but also to study complicated phase behavior, e.g.,

multiphase equilibria (Jangkamolkulchai and Luks, 1989), to measure the
solubitity of gases in electrolyte solutions (Rumpf and Maurer, 1993a), or
for solid-liquid and solid-fluid equilibria (Hammam and Sivik, 1993).
For isooptic systems where the coexisting phases have approximately
the same refractive index, visual observation is impossible.
2.2.2 Non-visual synthetic methods ("$NnNon~)

As an alternative to visual observation, other physical properties can
be monitored to detect phase transitions. If the total volume of a
variable-volume cell can be measured accurately, the appearance of a new
phase can be obtained from the abrupt change in slope on the pressure-
volume plot more accurately than by visual observation (Japas et al., 1992).
Fogh et al. (1989) used a microwave technique to detect phase transitions.
2.2.3 Synthetic methods using the material balance ("$ynMat")

For systems with two degrees of freedom (e.g., binary two-phase equili-
bria or ternary three-phase equilibria), the compositions are fixed when
temperature and pressure are given. Tanaka et al. 0993) measured the
phase densities and the total volume for different cell loads to calculate
the phase compositions using the material balance.
2.1 Other Methods

Experimental methods for the investigation of phase equilibria that do
not fall into the classification as described above shall be designated as
other methods ("Oth"). One example is the chromatographic technique
used by Bartle et al. (1990) to measure the solubility of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons in carbon dioxide.
3. smm
In Tables 2 - 29, the following information about the systems
investigated is given: the reference, the temperature and pressure range of
the data and the experimental method used for the measurements. The
abbreviations used to designate the experimental method have been
explained in the text above or are explained in the list of symbols.
Because the size of the equilibrium cell can be of importance, e.g., for
the pressure drop during sampling or for the amount of substances
needed, the volume of the equilibrium cell is also given. Tables 2 - 23
cover binary systems and Tables 24 - 28 cover ternary systems. Multicom-
ponent systems are listed in Table 29.
Table 2
Binary systems: carbon dioxide + X
X Reference Exp. Method and Temp. Pressure
Call Volume (cms) (K) (MPa)
acetic acid Laugier et al., 1990 AnTVal Var 293-333 0.6-7.4
acetone Gurdial et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 304-323 7.4-9
Traub & Stephan, 1990 AnTVal 68 308-333 0-6
Kato et al., 1991 SynVisVLcirVar 100 298 0.5-6
acetophenone Weng & Lee, 1992d AnPTSem 300 313-348 2-16_5
5-aminoindoh Nakatani et al., 1989 AnTValY n.a. 308 8.2-18.4
Ohgaki et al., 1988b AnTVaIY n.a. 308 8-17.5
2-amino-2-methyl-
1-propanol(AMP) Teng & Mather, 1989 AnTVcir 75 323.5 0-5
anisole Kim et M., 1989 AnTVLcirVal 150 343-372 2.4-16.8
Park & Kim, 1991 AnTVLcirVal 50 333-398 4.1-18.3
~-apo-8"-carotenal Jay et al., 1991 AnTSpecY 12 288-323 5-50
arachidic acid Yau et al., 1992 AnPTGon n.a. 373-473 1-5.1
arachidyl alcohol Iwai et al., 1993a AnPTSemY 315 308 8.9-23.7
barium hexafluoro-
acetylacetonate M'Hamdi et al., 1992 AnPTSemY 130 423-443 12-22
benzaldehyde Kim et al., 1989 AnTVLcirVal 150 343-372 2.8-18.3
Walther & Maurer, 1992 AnPTGon 40 313-393 6.1-22.3
Walther & Maurer, 1993 AnPTCon 40 313-393 6.1-18.3
benzonitrile Walther & Maurer, 1993 AnPTCon 40 313-393 6-18
benzophenone Graaf et al., 1992 SynNonY 508 421-565 1.9-3.1
benzylalcohol Walther & Maurer, 1993 AnPTCon 40 313-393 6-20
bibenzyl Chung & Shing, 1992 AnTVal n.a. 308-328 8.4-27.6
biphenyl Chung & Shing, 1992 AnTVal n.a. 308-328 7.9-27.1
Jan & Tsai, 1991 AnPTSemY n.a. 373-573 1-5
Zhang et al., 1991 SynVis n.a. 333-343 5.4-46.3
bixin Jay et al., 1991 AnTSpecY 12 288-323 10-70
n-butane P.de Fernandez et al., 1989 AnTVcir n.a. 277-418 0.1-8.2
Shibata & Sandler, 1989a AnTVLcirVal 100 310-410 0.3-8
Traub & Stephan, 1990 AnTVal 68 310 0-8
Weber, 1989a AnTVLcir 65 309-394 0_3-5.7
Brown et al., 1989b AnTVcir n.a. 250-270 0-2.8
1-butanol Jennings et al., 1992c AnPTCon 40 314-337 4.5-12
Jennings et al., 1991 AnPTCon 40 314-337 4.6-11.7
Chang, 1992 AnTLcirX 58~ 298 0.1-62
Gurdial et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 305-329 7.5-10.8
Wmkler & Stephan, 1991 AnTCap n.a. 313 1-8
2-butoxyethanol Chai Kao et al., 1993 AnTX n.a. 321-337 0.4-9
bromobenzene Walther & Maurer, 1992 AnIrrC,on 40 313-393 6.1-16.3
caffeine Li et aL, 1991 AnPTSemSpecY n.a. 313-368 8-29~
Li & Hartland, 1992 AnPTSemSpecYn.a. 313-368 8-30
caproic acid Bharath et al., 1993 AnTVcir n.a. 313-353 2.7-15.9
capsaicin Knez, 1992 AnTVal 500 298-333 5-40
Table 2 (matiamd) Binary systems: carbon dioxide + X

Cell Volume (cm3) (K) (MPa)
capsanthin Jay et al., 1991 AnTSpecY 12 288-323 5-50
carbon disulfide Rdff et al., 1992 AnTCap n.a. 273-473 0.4-15.8
~carotene Cygnarowicz et al., 1990 AnTVcirY n.a. 313-343 21.2-43.9
Jay & Steytler, 1 9 9 2 AnTSpecY 12 288-328 5-50
Jay et al., 1991 AnTSpecY 12 288-323 5-80
SMralrl, 1992 AnP~emValY n.a. 308-323 9.8-29.8
catechol Yau & Tsai, 1992a AnPTSem n.a. 398-473 1-5.1
cetyl alcohol Iwai et al., 1991 AnPTSemY 315 308 8.9-21.8
2-chloro-l-methyl-
bengcne Walther & Maurer, 1992 AnPTCon 40 313-393 6.1-17.3
chlorobenzene Walther & Maurer, 1992 AnPTCon 40 313-393 6.1-16.3
chlorodifluoromethane Roth et al., 1992 AnTCap n.a. 273-353 0.7-5.4
Wang et al., 1 9 9 1 AnTVdrVal 13 263-283 0.3-5
cholesterol Tun et al., 1991 2MxPTCon n.a. 313-333 10-25
cineole Matos & Azevedo, 1989 AnTVal 30 318-323 7.8-9.8
Azevedo et al., 1 9 8 8 AnTCap 30 313 7.1-8_3
cis-verbenol Richter & Sovov~, 1 9 9 3 AnPTSemY 12 313-328 5.09,9.8
citral Di Giacomo et al., 1989 AnFlX3emY 200 308-323 3-11
copper acetylacetonate M'Hamdi et M., 1 9 9 2 An_WISemY 130 423-443 12-22
m-cresol Lee & Chao, 1988 AnPTSem 300 308-328 2-24
cummin Jay et al., 1991 AnTSpecY 12 288-323 20-50
cyclohexane Shibata & Sandler, 1989b AnTVLdrVal 100 366-410 0.1-14.5
cyclohexanone Chang, 1992 AnTLcirX 58.8 298 0.1-5.5
cyclopentane Marathe & Sandier, 1991 AnTVLcirVal 100 366-412 3.6-11.9
Shah et al., 1 9 9 1 AnTVcirVal n.a. 276-493 0-12-9
n-decane Adams et al., 1 9 8 8 AnTVLdrVal n.a. 313 1.4-7.8
Han et al., 1992 AnTVcirVal 400 310 2-8
Chen et al., 1993b AnTValVar 17 344444 0-20
Gurdial et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 306-324 7.7-10
1-decanol Lain et al., 1990a SynVis 9 270-307 3.2-7.6
dibenzothiophene Mitra et al., 1 9 8 8 AnPTSemY n.a. 309-328 7.6-27.6
dichlorobenzene Walther & Maurer, 1992 AnPTCon 40 313-393 6.3-18.3
dichloroethane Sengupta et al., 1 9 9 3 AnPTCon 30 313-323 6.2-7.6
diethylene glycol Jou et al., 1989 AnTVcirBlo 150 313-333 3.4-14.1
diethylether Wu, G.-W. et al., 1 9 8 8 AnTVcir n.a. 313 1.5-7
dilaurin Ashour & Hammam, 1993 AnTValY 7.5 313-318 15-40
Hammam & Sivik, 1993 SynVis 1.62 303-333 0-20
2,6-dimethyl-
naphthalene Iwai et al., 1993b AnlY[SemY 120 308-328 7.9-14.6
2,7-dimethyl-
naphthalene Iwai et al., 1993b AnPTSemY 120 308-328 8.8-24.9
2,2-dimethylpropane Leu & Robinson, 1 9 8 8 AnTVal Vat 313-423 0.3-8.3
Shah et al., 1 9 9 0 AnTVcirVal n.a. 261-423 0-8_3
diphenyl methane Chung & Shing, 1 9 9 2 AnTVal n.a. 308-328 7.9-26.7
222 R. Dohrn, G. Brunner / Fluid Phase Equilibria 106 (1995)213-282
Table 2 ( ~ Binary systems: carbon dioxide + X

Cell Volume (cmS) CK) O~P0,)
1-dodecanol Kordikowski&Schneider1993 AnT n.0,. 353 10-252
H~Ischer et al., 1 9 8 9 AnTCap 100 333 0-30
Spee & Schneider, 1991 AnT 1"1.0.. 293-393 10-27.5
dotriacontane Spee & Schneider, 1991 AnT n.0,. 393 10-63
n-dotriacontane Tsai & Yau, 1 9 9 0 AnPTSemX n.a. 373-573 10-50
Yau & Tsai, 1993 AnTValY n.a. 318-338 4.7-20.6
n-eicosane Kordikowski&Schneider 1993 AnT n.0,. 353-393 10-32
Feng & Mather, 1992 AnTVdrX 1"1.0,. 322-423 0.4-7.7
Huang et al., 1988a AnPTSemY n.a. 373-573 0.9-5
ethane Brown et al., 1988 AnTVdrVal n.a. 207-270 0.%32
ethanol Jennings et al., 1992c AnPTCon 4O 314-337 4-11
Jennings et al., 1991 AnPTCon 4O 314-337 5-5-10.8
Gurdial et al., 1993 SynVis 1"1.0,. 305-325 7.6-9.7
Suzuki et al., 1990a AnTVLcirVal n.a. 313-333 0.5-10.8
Suzuki et al., 1991 AnPTSemY 3OO 313-333 1.1-10.2
Hirohama&Takatsuka, 1993aAnTVal n.0,. 283-308 1.1-7.1
Yoon et al., 1993a AnTVLcirVal 5O 313 0.6-7.5
Inomata et al., 1989b AnPTCon n.0,. 290-5O4 2-6-3
Feng et al., 1988 AnTVLcirVal IO0 304-308 3.3-72
M. de la Ossa et al., 1990 AntrISemY 1"1.0,. 313 2-8
Nagahama et al., 1988 AnTVal n.0,. 312-313 0.5-10.7
2-ethoxyethanol Hiflscheret al., 1989 AnTCap IO0 393 14-18
ethylbenzene Tan et al., 1991 AnTVcirCap n.0,. 308-328 1.3-8.4
ethyl stearate (C18:0) Bharath et al., 1989 AnTVdr 500 313-333 1.5-18-3
ethyl oleate (G18:1) Bharath et al., 1989 AnTVdr 500 313-333 1.1-18.6
Liong et al., 1992 AnPTSemV'mY n.0,. 313-373 10-25
ethyl linoleate (C18:2) Bharath et al., 1989 AnTVdr 500 313-333 2-17
ethyl ester (C20:3) Liong et al., 1992 AnPTSemVisY 1'1.0,. 313-373 10-25
ethyl ester (C20:4) Liong et al., 1992 AnPTSemV-mY n.a,. 313-373 10-25
ethyl ester (C20:5) Bharath et al., 1989 AnTVdr 500 313-333 2-20
ethyl ester (C22:6) Liong et al., 1991 SynVis n.0,. 304 7.4-75
Liong et al., 1992 AnPTSemV'mY n.a. 313-373 10-25
Bharath et al., 1989 AnTVcir 500 313-333 1.9-21
ethylene glycol Jou et al., 1990a AnTVdr n.0,. 298-398 0.1-20.3
Jou et al., 1989 AnTVdrBlo 150 313-333 2.4-15.1
n-formyl morpholine Jou et al., 1989 AnTVcirVal n.a. 298-403 0.5-7.1
fluorene Battle et al., 1990 OthY .008 308-323 8.3-20.7
fluorinated metal di-
ethyldithiocarbamatesLaintz et al., 1991 AnTSpec 14.8 323 102
furfural Sako et al., 1991b ~emYCal 500 343-421 2-243
henelcosafluor-
n-dcosane Wikramanayake&Enick,1991 SynVis Vat 296 3.5-62
n-heptane Gurdial et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 305-323 7.5-9.2
hexachlorobenzene Madras et al., 1 9 9 3 AnPTSemValX n.a. 298-318 11.5
Table 2 (ameamd} Binary systems: carbon dioxide + X

X Reference Exp. Method and Temp. Fressure
Call Volume (cm3) (K) (MPa)
n-hexadecane D'Souza et al., 1988 AnTVLcirVal 100 314-353 7.7-16.1
Hiflscher et al., 1989 AnTCap 100 333-393 10-25
Kordikowski&Schneider1993 AnT n.a. 353 10-252
Spee & Schneider, 1991 AnT n.a. 294-413 10.1-25.6
van der Steen et al., 1989 Syr~on n.a. 283-306 4.4-7.5
Tanaka et al., 1993 SynMatX 100 313 1.7-6.4
1-hexadecanol Kramer & Thodos, 1988 AnPTSemY n.a. 318-338 14.2.-41.5
Yau & Tsai, 1992b AnIrrSemY n.a. 308-328 5-20-3
Htilscher et al., 1989 AnTCap 100 333 0-30
n-hexane Gurdial et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 305-322 7.5-8.9
Koelliker & Thies, 1993 AnTCap 2500 293-473 1.3-22.3
1-he~anol Gurdial et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 306-312 7.7-8.4
Lain et al., 1990a SynVis 9 217-312 0.5-8.4
n-hexatriacontane Hong & Luks, 1991 SynVis 9 342-348 0.1-7.9
Yau & Tsai, 1993 AnTVaIY n.a. 318-338 3-20.7
1-hexene Jennings & Te~a, 1989 AnTVLcir 40 309-332 1.6-93
1-hexyne Jenninge & Teja, 1989 AnTVLcir 40 309-332 2.1-8.4
hydrogen sulfide Morris & Byers, 1990 AnTVcirVal 300 283 2-4
5-hydroxyindde Nakatani et al., 1989 AnTValY n.a. 308 9-19~
Ohgaki et al., 1988b AnTValY n.a. 308 7-17.5
indoh OhgakJ et al., 1988b AnTValY n.a. 308 7-20
Sako et al., 1988 Antr~emValY 100 308 5.4-20.4
Yamamoto, S. et al., 1989 SynVis 100 302-319 1.6-24.4
indohacetic acid Ohgaki et al., 1988b AnTValY n.a. 308 9-19.5
indoh-3-aldehyde Nakatani et al., 1989 AnTValY n.a. 308 7.9-15.8
Ohgaki et al., 1988b AnTVaIY n.a. 308 5-19
indole-3- Ohgaki et al., 1988b AnTValY n.a. 308 7.5-19.5
carboxylic acid Nakatani et al., 1989 AnTValY n.a. 308 9.2-19.4
lauric acid Bamberger et al., 1988 Anl~Con 69 313 7.7-24.8
Bharath et al., 1993 AnTVcir n.a. 313-353 2.6-27.6
Maheshwari et al., 1992 An_WlX3emY n.a. 308-318 13.9-20.7
Yau et al., 1992 An_WI'Con n.a. 313-473 1-5.1
limonene Matos & Azevedo,1989 AnTVal 30 318-323 8.5-9~
Di Giacomo et al., 1989 AnPTSemY 200 308-323 3-10
Azevedo et al., 1988 AnTCap 30 313 7.1-8.3
linohic acid Zou et al., 1990a AnTVLcirVal n.a. 313-333 6.3-27.1
Maheshwari et al., 1992 AntrI~emY n.a. 313-333 13~-27.6
luthein Jay et al., 1991 AnTSpecY 12 288-323 5-65
methane Adisasmito et al., 1991 AnTVal 150 273-287 1.4-10.9
Xu et al., 1992 AnTCap 500 288-293 5.1-8.1
Morris & Byers, 1991 AnTVcirVal 300 270-288 3-7.5
methanol Roskar et al., 1992 SynVis Vat 323-338 5.5-31.9
Hong & Kobayashi, 1988 AnTVcir n.a. 230-330 0.7-10.6
Schlichting et al., 1993 AnFISemBlo n.a. 241-282 0.4-2.6
Suzuki et al., 1990a AnTVLcirVal n.a. 313 0.6-7.7
Yoon et al., 1993a AnTVLcirVal 50 313 0.7-6.8
Lemert & Johnston, 1989 SynVis n.a. 380-384 8.2-21.1
Table 2 ( m a i a u ~ Binary systems: carbon dioxide + X

Call Volume (cm3) (g) (MPa)
methoxybenzene Walther & Maurer, 1993 AnPTCon 40 313-393 5.6-16~5
5-methoxyindole Ohgaki et al., 1 9 8 8 b AnTValY n.a. 308 8-17
Salm, S. et al., 1 9 8 9 AnPTSemValY 100 308 7.1-19
2-methyl anisole Park & Kim, 1 9 9 1 AnTVLcirVal 50 333-393 6.4-192
3-methyl anisole Park & Ydm, 1 9 9 1 AnTVLcirVal 50 333-393 6-1.89
4-methyl anisole Park & Kim, 1 9 9 1 AnTVLcirVal 50 333-393 6.3-18.7
methylbenzoate Weng & Lee, 1 9 9 2 c AnPTSem 300 313-348 3-13.5
methyl diethyl-
dithiocarbamates Laintz et al., 1991 AnTSpec 14.8 323 102
2-methyl butane Bian et al., 1993 AnTVal 500 377 2-9.3
methyl ester (DHA) Liong et al., 1991 SynVis n.a. 304 7.4-7.5
methyl ester (EPA) Liong et al., 1991 SynVis n.a. 304 7.4-7.5
methyl laurate Wu, A.H. et al., 1 9 8 8 ~ n 7.1 313,333 8-14
methyl linoleate Wu, A.H. et al., 1 9 8 8 ~ n 7.1 313,333 8-20
Zou et al., 1 9 9 0 a AnTVLcirVal n.a. 313-333 3.8-20.3
Adams et al., 1 9 8 8 AnTVLcirVal n.a. 313-343 4.8-12.8
methyl myristate Inomata et al., 1 9 8 9 a AnTVcirVal 500 313-333 1.2-16
Wu, AJ-I. et al., 1 9 8 8 AnPTCon 7.1 313, 333 1-14
1-methyl naphthalene Chung & Shing, 1 9 9 2 AnTVa] n.a. 308-328 7.7-27.8
Kim et al., 1 9 8 9 AnTVLcirVal 150 372 3.7-20.6
Lee & Chao, 1988 AnPTSem 300 308-328 2-24
2-methyl naphthalene (::hung & Shing, 1 9 9 2 AnTVaJ n.a. 308-328 7.7-27.8
Yanagiuchi et al., 1 9 9 1 AnTVcirVar 1000 394-435 3.7-16.6
Jan & Tsai, 1 9 9 1 AnPTSemY n.a. 373-423 1-5
methyl oleate Yu et al., 1 9 9 2 a AnTVLcirVal n.a. 313-333 2.9-13.7
Wu, AM. et al., 1 9 8 8 An]riW~n 7.1 313,333 8-15
Zou et al., 1 9 9 0 a AnTVLcirVal n.a. 313-333 4-18~
Inomata et al., 1 9 8 9 a AnTVcirVal 500 313-343 1.8-20
methyl palmitate Inomata et al., 1 9 8 9 a AnTVcirVal 500 313-343 1-18.3
2-methylpropane Weber, 1989a AnTVLdr 65 3 1 0 - 3 9 4 0.5-4.4
n-methylpyrrolidone Mm~ieta-Guevara etal.,1988 SymMatX n.a. 298-373 0,2-1.4
methyl stearate Inomata et al., 1 9 8 9 a AnTVdrVal 500 313-343 2.1-20.4
Wu, AM. et al., 1 9 8 8 ~ n 7.1 313,333 1-20
methyl tert-butylether Wu, G.-W. et al., 1988 AnTVcir n.a. 310-338 0.5-9.1
molybdenum hexa-
carbonyl Warzinski et al., 1992 SynVisY Vat 313-333 6.2-11.8
monoethano|amine Shen & Li, 1992 AnTValX n.a. 313-373 0.2-32
monolaurin Ashour ~ Hammam, 1993 AnTValY 7.5 313-318 15-40
Hammam & Sivik, 1993 SynVls 1.62 298-323 0-20
myristic acid Bamberger et al., 1988 AnPT~n 69 313 8~-24.9
Bmnetti et al., 1989 AnIYISemY n.a. 313-323 20
Iwai et al., 1991 AnPTSemY 315 308 8.1-22~
Maheshwari et al., 1992 AnPTSemY n.a. 308-333 13.9-41.9
naphthalene Battle et al., 1990 OthY .008 308-318 7-25
Jan & Tsai, 1991 AnPTSemY n.a. 373-473 1-5
T a b l e 2 (mufimmi) B i n a r y s y s t e m s : c a r b o n d i o x i d e + X
Cell Volume (cms) ('K.) (MPa)
Chung & Shing, 1992 An'Wal n.a. 308-338 6.2-26.4
Hong & Luks, 1992 SynVis 9 339-353 0.1-7.2
Iwai et al., 1991 AnPTSemY 315 308 8.5-23.8
Madras et al., 1993 AnPTSemValX n.a. 308-328 10.6-10.8
Hansen & Bruno, 1993 AnTValX n.a. 328 6.5-10.2
Mitra et al., 1988 AnFTSemY n.a. 30%328 7.7-27.6
Reverchon et a]., 1993b AnPTSemY 50 308 9,14
Richter & Sovova, 1993 AnPTSemY 12 308 6.5-12
White & Lira, 1991 AnTVal n.a. 332-340 6.9-24.9
Sako et a]., 1988 AnPTSemValY 100 308 12.2-20.4
Han et al., 1992 AnTVdrVal 400 318-328 8-30
Yanagiuchi et al., 1991 AnTVcirVar 1000 394-435 3.7-16.6
Lemert & Johnston, 1989 SynVis n.a. 325-338 10-27.5
1-naphthol Jan & Tsai, 1991 AnYISemY n.a. 393-473 1-5
2-naphthol Lemert & Johnston, 1989 SynVis n.a. 313-393 9-21
Jan & Tsai, 1991 AnFTSemY n.a. 413-473 1-5
naproxen "ling et al., 1993 AnPTCon n.a. 313-333 8.9-19.31
nitrogen Xu et al., 1992 AnTCap 500 288-293 5.1-9.7
Brown et al., 1989a AnTVcir n.a. 220-270 0.5-13
Brown et al., 1989b AnTVcir n.a. 250-270 1.8-14.1
n-nonadecane Korcllknwski&Schndder 1993 AnT n.a. 303-393 10-30.3
n-nonacosane Moradinia & Teja, 1988 AnPTSemY n.a. 308-318 6.5-16.7
n-nonane Gurdial et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 307-317 7.6-8.7
n-octacosane Reverchon et al., 1993b AnPTSemY 50 308-318 8-15
Yau & Tsai, 1993 AnTValY n.a. 308-328 4.8-20.5
Huang et al., 1988a AnP'ISemY n.a. 373-573 1-5
n-octane Gurdial et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 307-325 7.6-9.4
Weng & Lee, 1992a AnlYPSem 300 313-348 1.5-11.3
1,8-octanediol Spee & Schneider, 1991 AnT n.a. 393.2 10-98
n-octadecane Graaf et al., 1992 SynNonY n.a. 421-565 19.5-30
1-octadecanol Kramer & Thodos, 1989 A n P ~ e m Y n.a. 318.338 13.9-45.5
Yau & Tsai, 1992b AnlrPSemY n.a. 302-338 4.8-20.4
1-octanol Weng & Lee, 1992b AnlYFSem 300 313-348 4-19
Lam et al., 1990a SynVis 9 250-309 1.8-8
oleic acid Bharath et al., 1992 AnTVcir n.a. 313-353 10-30
Brunetti et al., 1989 AnPTSemY n.a. 313-333 20-30
Foster et al., 1991 ~emY n.a. 308-318 9.6-20
Yu et aL, 1992a AnTVLcirVal n.a. 313-333 3.4-31.1
Zou et al., 1990a AnTVLcirVal n.a. 313-333 7.1-28.8
Maheshwari et al., 1992 AnF~em n.a. 313-333 13.8-27.6
oxindole Nakatani et al., 1989 AnTValY n.a. 308 8.5-18.9
Ohgaki et al., 1988b AnTValY n.a. 308 9-18
palmitic acid Bamberger et al., 1988 An_PTCon 69 313 8-24.8
Bharath et al., 1993 AnTVcir n.a. 353-373 13.6-30.5
Brunetti et al., 1989 An_PTSem n.a. 308-323 20-30
Iwai et al., 1991 AnPTSemY 315 308 9.9-23
Maheshwafi et al., 1992 AnPTSem n.a. 308-328 13.9-41.2
Kramer & Thodos, 1988 AnPTSemY n.a. 318-338 14.2-57-5
Table 2 (cffi~mKl) Binary systems: carbon dioxide + X

Cell Volume (cma) (K) (MPa)
Ohgaki et al., 1 9 8 9 AnTLcirY 200 298-313 7.9-18.7
Yau et al., 1992 An_PTSem n.a. 373-473 1-5.1
pedagonic acid Peter & Jacob, 1991 AnTVal n.a. 333 2-12
Schiemann et al., 1 9 9 3 AnTVLcir 2500 313-393 0.1-23
penicillin V Ko et al., 1990 AnTSpec n.a. 313-334 7.9-28
pentachlorophenol Madras et al., 1 9 9 3 AnPTSemValX n.a. 298-318 11~5
pentacosafluor-
n-eicosane grlkramanayake&Enick, 1991 SynVis Vat 296 4.6-6.2
pentacosafluor-
n-tetracosane W'dcramanayake&Enick, 1991 SynVis Vat 296 5.8-6.3
n-pentadecane van der Steen et al., 1989 SynNon n.a. 273-308 3.5-7.8
Tanaka et al., 1 9 9 3 SynMatX 100 313 1.7-6.4
n-pentane Cheng et al., 1 9 8 9 AnTVcirVal n.a. 252-458 0.2-9.6
Wu, G.-W. et al., 1 9 8 8 AnTVcir n.a. 311,329 1-9
Lemert & Johnston, 1989 SynVis n.a. 333-337 8.8-26.3
Xu et al., 1991 AnTCap 500 343 0.6-9.1
1-pentanol Gurdial et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 307-318 7.6-9.1
Jennings et al., 1992a Anl~Con 40 314-337 5.2-11.9
Stab}, & Mollerup, 1993 AnTCap Vat 283-373 2-17.3
pentene Wu, G.-W. et al., 1 9 8 8 AnTVcir n.a. 303-329 1A-8A
phenanthrene Battle et al., 1990 OthY .008 308-328 10-24
Zhang et al., 1988 SynVis 40 353-365 3.8-24.1
Yau &Tsai, 1 9 9 2 c AnPTSem.X n.a. 423-523 1-5.1
phenol Yau & Tsai, 1992a An_W~em n.a. 348-423 1-5.1
phenylacetic acid Wells et al., 1 9 9 0 AnPTSemY n.a. 308-318 8.3-19.1
pheophyfin a Jay et al., 1991 AnTSpecY 12 288-323 5-65
ot-pinene Richter & Sovov~, 1 9 9 3 AnIrlSemY 12 295-335 3.2-9~
poly(ethylene glycol)co0Daneshvat et al., 1 9 9 0 AnTVLcirVal n.a. 323 1.4-26.4
poly(ethylene glycol)6mDaneshvar et al., 1 9 9 0 AnTVLcirVal n.a. 313-323 1.1-29
poly(ethylene glycol)m0Daneshvar et al., 1 9 9 0 AnTVLcirVal n.a. 323 1.7-26.3
1-pmpanol Suzuki et al., 1990a AnTVLcirVal n.a. 313-333 0.5-10.8
Suzuki et al., 1 9 9 1 AnPTSemY 300 313-333 1.4-10.5
Gurdial et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 307-320 7.5-9
2-pmpanol Suzuki et al., 1 9 9 1 AnIrP3emY 300 313-333 1.3-10.1
n-propylbenzene Renon et al., 1989 AnTVal n.a. 393-473 1.2-19.4
Renon et al., 1989 AnTBlo n.a. 313 1.1-6.9
Renon et al., 1989 AnTCap n.a. 313 0.5-77
Renon et al., 1989 AnT Vat 313-393 1.1-17.3
n-propylcyclohexane Richon et al., 1992 AnTBlo n.a. 313 1-7.8
Richon et al., 1992 AnTVal n.a. 391-472 2-18.4
pmpylene carbonate Murrieta-Guevara et al,1988AnT n.a. 298-373 0-2.2
pyrazine Yamamoto et al., 1 9 9 0 SynVis 100 277-332 0.9-10.5
Table 2 (tmenmd) Binary systems: carbon dioxide + X

X Reference R=n. Method and Temp. Pressure
Ceil Volume (cm3) (K) (MPa)
pyrene Battle et al., 1990 OthY .008 308-323 8~3-20.7
Yau & Tsai, 1992c _A_nlrfSemX n.a. 473-573 1-5.1
pyrimidine Yamamoto et al., 1990 SynVis 100 277-332 0.9-10.7
2-quinoline Yanagiuchi et al., 1991 AnTVcirVar 1000 394-435 4.1-15.9
quinoxaline Yamamoto, S. et al., 1989 SynVis 100 280-348 0.7-20.9
salicylic acid Reverchonet et al., 1993a An_rrISemY 50 313-333 10-35
skatoh Ohgaki et al., 1988b AnTValY n.a. 308 7-18
Sako, S. et al., 1989 AnPTSemValY 100 308 5.4-17.4
squalane Graaf et al., 1992 SynNonY n.a. 421-565 2.44.1
stearic acid Brunetti et ai., 1989 AnPTSemY n.a. 313-333 20-30
Iwai et al., 1993a AnlYlSemY 315 308 9-23.7
Maheshwafi et al., 1992 An_WISemY n.a. 308-328 13.9-412.
Schiemann et al., 1993 AnTVLcir 2500 353-393 0.I-26
stearyl alcohol Iwai et al., 1993a AnPTSemY 315 308 9-23.7
styrene Suppcs & McHugh, 1989 SynVis 45 308-373 2.7,16.2
Tan et al., 1991 AnTVdrCap n.a. 308-328 1.4-8 9
sulfolane Jou et al., 1990b AnTVdrVal n.a. 298-403 0-7.6
Murrieta-Guc~-ara et al,19$$SynMatX n.a. 303-373 0 - 2.3
Roberts & Mather, 1988 AnTVcirValX n.a. 313-373 0.1-5.9
sulfur Gu et al., 1993 AnTY n.a. 363,383 12.1-40.5
2-tert-butylphenol Wahher & Maurer, 1993 A n ! r ~ o n 40 313-393 6-20
1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-
ethane Sengupta et al., 1993 AnPTCon 30 313-323 6.2-83
n-tetracosane Kordikowski&Schneider1993 AnT n.a. 353-393 10-27
Tsai & Yau, 1990 AnP~emX n.a. 373-573 1-5
Yan & Tsai, 1993 AnTVaIY n.a. 308-318 5-20.9
n-tetradecane Laugier et al., 1990 AnTVal Vat 290-300 5.2-6.5
Gasem et al., 1989 AnT n.a. 344 7-16.3
van der Steen et al., 1989 SynNon n.a. 279-303 3.9-6.9
n-tetradecylbenzene Miller & Luks, 1989 SynVis 9 273-305 3.5-7.5
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro=
naphthalene Walter & Maurer, 1993 AnPTCon n.a. 313-393 6-20
tetralin Chou et al., 1990 AnTVcirVal 100 344-377 3.5-25
Kim et al., 1989 AnTVLcirVal 150 343-372 3.7-22.1
W~terllng et al., 1991 AnTCap n.a. 544 1~5-26.6
theobromine Li et al., 1991 ArLWISemSpecYn.a. 333-368 10-30
Li & Harfland, 1992 ArtPTSemSpecYn.a. 333-368 15-30
g-tocopherol Ohgaki et al., 1989 AnTI.drY 200 298-313 102-18.3
Pereira et al., 1993 AnTVcirVal 30 298-333 9-26
toluene Miihlbauer & Raal, 1991 AnTVal 150 352 0.8-10.9
Chang, 1992 AnTLcirX 58.8 298 0.1-5.6
Schlichting et al., 1993 AnPTSemBlo n.a. 241-282 0.5-3.5
W'~terling et al., 1991 AnTCap n.a. 476 1.7-14~
Fmk & Hershey, 1990 AnTVLcirVal 80 308-353 0.8-12.3
n-triacontane Reverchon et al., 1993b AnlYI~emY 50 308-318 9-14
Table 2 { ~ Binary systems: carbon dioxide + X

tri-n-butylphosphate Page et al., 1993 SynVis Vat 298-435 6.5-27.8
tributyrin Hammam, 1992 AntrlS3emY 7.5 313 8-35
tficapfin Hammam, 1992 ArLPTSemY 7.5 313 15-25
tricapmin Hammam, 1992 Antrl~emY 7.5 313 8-35
tficaprylin Bharath et al., 1 9 9 3 AnTVcir n.a. 313-353 5.3-25
Hammam, 1992 ArdYlSemY 7.5 313 10-35
1,1,1-tfichloroethane Fink & Hershey, 1 9 9 0 AnTVLcirVal 80 308-353 0.8-11.1
1,1,2-tfichloroethane Sengupta et al., 1 9 9 3 ArtPTCon 30 313-323 6.2-7.6
triethylene glycol Yonemoto et al., 1 9 9 0 AnTVcir n.a. 313-323 2.8-11
Kaminishi et al., 1 9 8 9 AnTVcirBlo 150 313-333 4.5-15.4
trifluoromethane Roth et al., 1992 AnTCap n.a. 254-293 1.5-5.6
tfilaurin Ashour & Hammam, 1993 AnTValY 7.5 308-333 15-40
Bamberger et at., 1 9 8 8 Antrl'Con 69 313 9.1-25.3
Bharath et al., 1 9 9 3 AnTVcir n.a. 353 10_3-31.8
Hammam, 1992 AnPTSemY 7.5 313 15-25
Pearce & Jordan, 1 9 9 1 AnTValY n.a. 308-428 9-30
Hammam & Sivik, 1 9 9 3 SynVis 1.62 298-328 0-20
trimyristin Bamberger et al., 1 9 8 8 AnPTCon 69 313 9.5-30.4
tfiolein Bharath et al., 1 9 9 2 AnTVcir n.a. 313-333 15-31
Brunetti et al., 1 9 8 9 ArdYP3emY n.a. 313-333 20-30
tripalmitin Bamberger et al., 1 9 8 8 Arffq'Con 69 313 12-9-29.7
Bharath et al., 1 9 9 3 AnTVcir n.a. 353 5.5-24_3
Ohgaki et al., 1 9 8 9 AnTLcirY 200 298-313 8.6-182
tristearin Brunetti et al., 1 9 8 9 AnPTSemY n.a. 313-333 20-30
n-tritfiacontane Moradinia & Teja, 1988 ArdYISemY n.a. 308-318 6.5-20.2
vanillan WeUs et al., 1 9 9 0 ArdYlSemY n.a. 308-318 8.3-19.5
water Crovetto & Wood, 1 9 9 2 SynNon n.a. 623-642 17.6-22.5
Dohm et al., 1 9 9 3 AnTVcirBloCapS00 323 10.1-30.4
D'Souza et al., 1 9 8 8 AnTVLcirVal 100 323-348 10.1-15.2
Inomata et al., 1989b ArtPTCon n.a. 297 0.6-7_3
King et al., 1992 AnTVLcirBlo 300 288-313 5.2-24.3
M. de la Ossa et a1.,1990 ArLPTSemY n.a. 323 0-8
Nighswander et al., 1989 AnT Vat 353-471 2-102
Sako et al., 1991b AnPTSem~Val 500 348-421 10_3-20.9
m-xylene Walther & Maurer, 1991 An_Wl'Con 40 313-392 6.1-16.3
3,4-xylenol Moil et al., 1992 AnPTSemY 100 308 8.2-16.3
2,5-xylenol Iwai et al., 1990 Antrl'Con n.a. 308 7.4-26.7
2,6-xylenol Iwai et al., 1990 AnPTCon n.a. 308 10-3-20.7
yttrium acetyl-
acetonate M'Hamdi et al., 1992 ArtPTSemY 130 423-443 12-22
y~um h~luoro-
acetylacetonate M'Hamdi et al., 1 9 9 2 Arffr~emY 130 423-443 12-22
Table 3
Binary systems: methane + X
acetone Schlichting et al., 1 9 9 3 AnPTSemBlo n.a. 246-273 1.5-9)
ammonia G1Owka, 1992 Syr~lon n.a. 298423 0.2-17.4
argon Barreiros & da Ponte, 1989 SynNon n.a. 90-150 2-120
fm et al., 1993 AnTVcir n.a. 122 0.3-1-3
benzene Rijkers et al., 1992c SynVis n.a. 264-278 0-53.9
Rijkers et al.,. 1992d AnPTSemY n.a. 278-315 0.2-25
n-butane Stenby et al., 1993 AnTVisVal 500 364.2 5-20
carbon dioxide Adisasmito et al., 1991 AnTVal 150 273-287 1.4-10.9
Morris & Byers, 1991 AnTVcirVal 300 270-288 3-7.5
Xu et al., 1992 AnTCap n.a. 288-293 5.1-82
n-decane Rijkers et al., 1992a Syn,AnPTSem n.a. 245-350 1.4-36.9
Srivastan et al., 1992 AnTVarX n.a. 310410 14.3
2,2-dimethylbutane Mehta & Sloan, 1993 SynVis n.a. 270-282 1.6-33
n-dodecane Rijkers et al., 1992b Syn,AnP~em n.a. 255-320 1.4-50.6
Srivastan et al., 1992 AnTVarX n.a. 323-373 1.3-2.6
dodecanoic acid Shy et al., 1993 AnlYl~em n.a. 373473 1-5.1
n-eicosane Darwish et al., 1993 SynMatX n.a. 323423 0.9-10.7
Huang et al., 1988b An!rI3emX n.a. 373-573 0.94.9
eicosanoic acid Shy et al., 1993 AnlYI3em n.a. 373473 1-5.1
ethanol Suzuki et al., 1990a AnTVLcirVal n.a. 313-333 1.8-10.4
n-formylmorpholine Jou et al., 1989 AnTVcirVal n.a. 298-403 0.2-13.6
n-heptane Schlichting et al., 1993 AnPTSemBlo n.a. 246-273 0.9-9.8
n-hexadecane Rijkers et al., 1993 AnirPSemY n.a. 293-313 0.1-69.5
hexadecanoic acid Shy et al., 1993 AnPTSem n.a. 373473 1-5.1
n-hexane Chylinski et at., 1992 AnTVLcirVal 500 294-299 1-7.7
Chylinski et al., 1993 AnTVLcirVal 500 298-299 1.2-7.7
Srivastan et al., 1992 AnTVarX n.a. 310-377 1-2.9
n-hexatriacontane Darwish et al., 1993 SynMatX n.a. 373423 0.9-7.9
Hong et al., 1993 SynVis 9 346-348 1-77.7
hydrogen sulfide Morris & Byers, 1991 AnTVcirVal 300 270-288 1-7
methanol Schlichting et al., 1993 AnPTSemBlo n.a. 282-241 1.3-11.2
2-methylbutane Mehta & Sloan, 1993 SynVis n.a. 275-278 2.6
methylcyclohexane Mehta & Sloan, 1993 SynVis n.a. 275-281 1.6-33
Richon et al., 1991 AnTBlo n.a. 313 2.5-38.9
Richon et al., 1991 AnTVal n.a. 394-473 2.9-27
naphthalene Hong et al., 1993 SynVis 9 351-353 1-80.9
nitrogen Jin et al., 1993 AnTVcir n.a. 122 1.4-2.8
n-nonane Schlichting et al., 1993 AnIr~emBlo n.a. 246-273 1-9.8
n-octacosane Darwish et al., 1993 SynMatX n.a. 348423 0.9-7.1
Huang et al., 1988a AnPTSemX n.a. 373-573 0.9-5
phenanthrene Malone & Kobazashi, 1990 AnTValX Vat 398473 2.6-25.2
phenyl methyl-
silicone oil Lee & Foster, 1990 SynMatX 300/1050 323-473 1-7
Table 3 (matia.~ Binary systems: m e t h a n e + X

x Reference Exp. Method and Temp. P~ssure
1-pmpanol Suzuki et al., 1990a AnTVLcirVal n.a. 313-333 2.1-10.2
n-propylbenzene Richon et al., 1991 AnTCap n.a. 313 1-5.1
Richon et al., 1991 AnTVal n.a. 472 1.9-30.9
Richon et al., 1991 AnTBIo n.a. 313-392 5.1-53.2
n-propylcydohexane Richon et al., 1991 AnTBlo n.a. 313 3.15-38.9
Richon et al., 1991 AnTVal n.a. 393-472 1.5-35.5
sulfonale Jou et al., 1990b AnTVcirVal n.a. 298-403 O.2-7.4
sulfur Gu et al., 1993 AnTY n.a. 383 20.5-50.2
n-tetmcontane Darwish et al., 1 9 9 3 SyrLMatX n.a. 373-423 0.9-5.6
n-tetmdecane De Leeuw et al., 1 9 9 2 SynVis n.a. 321-432 2.9-53.9
toluene Schfichting et al., 1 9 9 3 AnPTSemBlo n.a. 242-282 2.3-9.4
water Joffrion & Eubank, 1988 AnT n.a. 343481 0.1-10.6
Shmonov et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 626-649 22-250
Table 4
Binary systems: chlorodifluoromethane (R22) + X
Cell Volume (cma) (g) OVIPa)
carbon dioxide Roth et al., 1992 AnTCap n.a. 273-353 0.7-5.4
Wang et al., 1 9 9 1 AnTValVar 13 263-288 0.36-5.04
carbon disulfide Roth et al., 1992 AnTCap n.a. 273-473 0.11-7.90
1-chloro-l,l-difluoro-
ethane Kubota et am., 1 9 9 0 AnTVLcir n.a. 263-293 0.1-6.2
Stri~m & Gren, 1 9 9 3 AnTVcirCap n.a. 279-348 0.46-1.79
cyclohexane Xu et al., 1991 AnTCap 500 363-400 1.35-5.7
dichloro-
difluoromethane Stem et al., 1989 AnTVcir n.a. 303-329 9.8,13.95
Watanabe, 1990 SynNon n.a. 293-413 0.5-9.7
1,1-dichloro-
tetrafluomethane Stri~met al., 1989 AnTVcir n.a. 322-371 9.8,13.5
StrUm & Gren, 1 9 9 3 AnTVcirCap n.a. 323-366 1.8-2.0
Watanabe, 1990 SynNon n.a. 283-443 0.1-9.7
1,2-dichloro-l,l,2,2-
tetrafluoroethane Kubota et al., 1 9 9 0 AnTVLcir 100 253-338 0.1-2.59
1,1-difluoroethane Maezawa et al., 1 9 9 1 AnTValVis Var 280-380 0.34-4.76
StrUm & Gren, 1 9 9 3 AnTVcirCap n.a. 301-327 0.87-1.89
Wang et al., 1992 SynVis n.a. 352-386 n.m.
dimethylether Noles & Zollweg, 1 9 9 2 AnTVLcirVal n.a. 283-395 0.37-4.86
ethanol Xu et al., 1991 AnTCap 500 343-382 0.84-5.43
n-hexane Xu et al., 1991 AnTCap 500 363-400 1.74-5.41
nitrogen Wang et al., 1 9 9 1 AnTValVar 13 263-288 0.36-5.13
octafluompmpane Leu & Robinson, 1992a AnTVaIVar 45 323-348 1.65-3.84
R. Dohrn, G. Brunner / Fluid Phase Equilibria 106 (1995)213-282 231
Table 4 {amanml) Binary systems: chlorodifluoromethane (R22) + X

k Reference Exp. Method and Temp. Pressure
n-pentane Fransson et al., 1992 AnT 60 304-384 0A9-4.0
2-propanol Xu et al., 1991 AnTCap 500 364-383 0.82-5~27
tetrachlommethane Xu et al., 1991 AnTCap 500 364-383 1.5-5.4
1,1,1,2-tetra-
fluoroethane N'mhiumi et al., 1 9 9 3 AnTVa!Var 250-1000 344-372 2.14-4.98
Nishiumi et al., 1 9 9 3 SynVisTcP c 250-1000 369-374 4.04-4.98
trifluoromethane Roth et al., 1992 AnTCap n.a. 273-353 0.7-5.40
Table S
Binary systems: trifluoromethane (R23) + X
Call Volume (cms) (K) (IVIPa)
5-aminoindoh Nakatani et al., 1989 AnTValY n.a. 308 6.6-19
argon Ku|ka & Schneider, 1991 SynVis n.a. 117-210 5-209
carbon dioxide Roth et al., 1992 AnTCap n.a. 254-293 1.50-5.6
carbon sulfide Roth et al., 1992 AnTCap n.a. 273-473 0.36-2.97
chlorodifluoromethane Roth et al., 1992 AnTCap n.a. 273-353 0.7-5.4
5-hydroxyindole Nakatani et al., 1989 AnTValY n.a. 308 4.83-183
indole Ohgaki et al., 1988b AnTValY n.a. 308 5-16
indoleacetic acid Ohgaki et al., 1988b AnTValY n.a. 308 10-20
indole-3-aldehyde Nakatani et al., 1989 AnTValY n.a. 308 8.5-18.4
indole-3- Ohgaki et al., 1988b AnTValY n.a. 308 8-17
carboxylic acid Nakatani et al., 1989 AnTValY n.a. 308 8.2-17.4
isoprene Sako, T. et al., 1989 AnT n.a. 310,343 0.53-6.90
2-methylbutane Salm, T. et al., 1989 AnT n.a. 310,343 0.57-6.91
5-methoxyindole Ohgaki et al., 19881) AnTValY n.a. 308 6-18
Salm, S. et al., 1989 An_PTSemValY 100 308 5.85-19.1
nitrogen Kulka & Schneider, 1991 SynVis n.a. 102-172 10-217
n-pentane Sako, T. et al., 1989 AnT n.a. 310,343 0.54-7.15
pyrazin Yamamoto et al., 1990 SynVis 100 278-327 1.03-6.8
quinoxaline Yamamoto, S. et al., 1989 SynVis 100 288-308 0.6-262
skatole Ohgaki et al., 1988b AnTValY n.a. 308 5-17
Sako et al., 1989 AnPTSemValY 100 308 5.41-18.1
trifluommethane Chareton et al., 1990 n.a. n.a. 298-373 0.2-7.6
Table 6
Binary systems: methanol + X
Cell Volume (ms) (K) (MPa)
ammonia Inomata et a1.,1988 AnTVLcir 750 313,333 0.12-2.44
benzophenone Graaf et al., 1992 SymNon n.a. 463-544 9.6-21.4
n-butane Leu et al., 1992b AnTVarVal n.a. 469 3.78-6.91
carbon dioxide Gurdial et al., 1993 Synvis n.a. 305-320 76 2-93.5
Hung & Kobayashi, 1988 AnTVcir n.a. 230-330 0.7-10.64
Lemert & Johriston, 1989 SynVis n.a. 380-384 81.5-211
Roskar et al., 1992 SynVis Vat 323,338 54.6-319
Schlichting et aL, 1993 AnPTSemBlo n.a. 242-283 0.40-2.21
Suzuki et aJ., 1990a AnTVLcirVal n.a. 313 0.6-7.7
Yoon et al., 1993a AnTVLcirVal 50 3132 7-68.1
n-decane De Loos et al., 1988 Syn n.a. 421-539 1.3-7.66
dimethylether Holldofff & Knapp, 1988b SymMat 512 322-352 1
n-dodecane De Loos et al., 1988 Syn n.a. 421-535 1.305-8.7
ethane Lam & Luks, 1991 SynVis 7-9 263-309 18.3-513
Roskar et al., 1992 SynVis Vat 308-368 42.1-301
n-heptane De L o o s e t al., 1988 Syn n.a. 419-539 0.45-7.11
n-hexane De Loos et al., 1988 Syn n.a. 412-512 0.5-8.06
hydrogen sulfide Leu et al., 1992a AnTVal Var 298-448 0.02-II 2
methane Schlichting et al., 1993 AnPTSemBlo n.a. 242-282 2.38-9.4
methyl chloride Holldorff & Knapp, 1988c SynMat 512 322-332 1
methylcydopentane Becker & Deiters, 1990 SynVis n.a. 299-330 5-120
2-methylpropane Leu & Robinson, 1992c Val n.a[ 273-423 0.01-4.7
nitrogen Schlichting et al., 1993 An!r~emBlo n.a. 282-261 1.28-11.2
n-nonane De Loos et al., 1988 Syn n.a. 415-537 1.16-7.49
n-octane De Loos et al., 1988 Syn n.a. 419-540 1.19-7.5
propane Leu et al., 1992b AnTVal Vat 310-474 0.03-8.66
propene Ohgaki et al., 1988a AnT 100 298 0.01-1.16
squalane Graaf et al., 1992 SynNon n.a. 453-564 9.5-20-2
n-tetradecane De Loos et al., 1988 Syn n.a. 422-534 1.32-9.22
2,2,4-trimethylpentane Becker & Deiters, 1990 SynVis n.a. 306-342 5-120
Table 7
Binary systems: ethene + X
Cell Volume (cm3) ('K) (]VIPa)
acetophenone Weng & Lee, 1992d AnPTSem 300 318-338 3-19
5-aminoindole Nakatani et al., 1989 AnTValY n.a. 308 6.6-192
benzene Holder & Macaulcy, 1992 AnTValY n.a. 353-433 3-9
biphenyl Zhang et al., 1992 SynVis n.a. 314-337 1.31-22.2
~-carotene Jay & Steythr, 1992 AnTSpecY 12 308-328 20-50
cineole Azevedo et al., 1993 SynVisVar 25 288-298 3.5-6.5
n-eicosane Chou & Chao, 1989 An_VISemX n.a. 373-573 1.0-5.0
Gregg et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 423-503 15-25
Gregorowicz et al., 1993b SynthOth n.a. 244-284 1.9-5.2
ethylene-propyhne-
copolymer(PEP) 790 Gregg et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 293-475 55-69
PEP 5900 Gregg et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 308-473 89.3-108
PEP 96O00 Gregg et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 353-473 113-172
n-hexatriacontane Chou & Chao, 1989 ~emX n.a. 373-573 1.0-5.0
5-hydroxyindole Nakatani et al., 1989 AnTValY n.a. 308 9-19.8
indole Salm et al., 1988 ~emValY 100 308 5.7-20.5
indoh-3-carboxylic
acid Nakatani et al., 1989 AnTValY n.a. 308 8.1-19.2
limonene Azevedo et al., 1993 SynVisVar 25 288-308 4.1-7.8
5-methoxyindole Sako et al., 1988 AnPTSemValY 100 308 7 ~-18.5
methyl acrylate Hasch & McHugh, 1991 SynVis Var 288-393 2-12.2
methylbenzoate Weng & Lee, 1992c AnlY~em 300 318-338 2.5-15
naphthalene Sako et al., 1988 An_PTSemValY 100 308 5.9-19.75
n-octacosane Chou & Chao, 1989 AnP~emX n.a. 373-573 1.0-5.0
n-octane Weng & Lee, 1992a An_WI~em 300 318-338 1.5-9-5
1-octanol Weng & Lee, 1992b An_PTSem 300 318-338 3.0-18.0
1-pentanol Staby & MoUerup, 1991 AnTCap Vat 343-373 2.5-14.5
pyrazine Yamamoto et al., 1990 SynVis 100 280-321 1-10A
skatole Ohgald et al., 1988b AnTValY n.a. 308 5-18
Sake et al., 1988 ArffrrSemValY 100 308 7.14-19.1
terpene Azevedo et al., 1993 SynVisVar 25 285-308 5.2-7~
n-tetracontane Gregg et al., 1993 SynV'm n.a. 423-523 31.5-40
n-triacontane Gregg et al., 1993 SynV'm n.a. 423-503 25-33
Table 8
Binary systems: ethane + X
Cell Volume (cmS) ('K) (MPa)
acetophenone Weng & Lee, 1992d AnPTSem 300 318-338 2.5-18.5
5-aminoindole Nakatani et al., 1 9 8 9 AnTValY n.a. 308 7-18.3
anisole Kim et al., 1 9 8 9 AnTVLcirVal 150 372 2.4-9.6
benzaldehyde Kim et al., 1 9 8 9 AnTVLcirVal 150 372 2.4-9.6
1-butanol Lam et al., 1990c SynVis 9 312-313 5.4-5.5
carbon dioxide Brown et al., 1 9 8 8 AnTVcirVal n.a. 207-270 0.3-3~2
~-carotene Jay & Steytler, 1 9 9 2 AnTSpecY 12 288-328 3.4-35
cholesterol Singh et al., 1993 AnPTCon n.a. 313-333 7-19
m-cresol Lee & Chao, 1988 AnPTSem 300 308-328 1.5-24
1-decanol Patton & Luks, 1993 SynVis 8 275-306 2.5-4.9
Lain et al., 1990c SynVis 9 275-306 2.5-5
n-decylbenzene Fangyue et al., 1992 SynVis n.a. 310-312 5.2-5.5
Jangkamolkulchai et al,1988SynVis 8 309-312 5.2-5.5
n-docosane Patton & Luks, 1993 SynYis 8 301-308 4.4-5.1
Peters et al., 1988 SynVis n.a. 294-367 1-9.8
n-eicosane Peters et al., 1991 SynYis n.a. 264-308 0.3-5-)
ethanol Suzuki et al., 1990a AnTVLcirVal n.a. 313-333 1.4-7.9
n-heptane Beard et al., 1993 AnFTConl 100 394 5.5-8.7
n-hexadecane De Goede et al., 1989 n.a. 265-453 0.5-16.6
5-hydroxyindole Nakatani et al., 1989 AnTValY n.a. 308 5.9-18.9
indole Sako et al., 1988 AnPTSemValY 100 308 4.6-20.5
indole-3-carboxylic-
acid Nakatani et al., 1989 AnTValY n.a. 308 7.4-19.3
linoleic acid Peter & Jacob, 1991 AnTVal n.a. 313 1-9
mesitylene Richon et al., 1991 AnTBlo n.a. 313 0.5-5.1
methanol Lain & Luks, 1991 SynVis 9 295 3.8-3.9
Roskat et al., 1992 SynVis Vat 308-368 4.2-30.1
5-methoxyindole Sako et al., 1989 AnPTSemValY 100 3O8 5.2-19.2
methylbenzoate Weng & Lee, 1992 An.PTSem 300 318-338 2-13
methylcyclohexane Richon et al., 1991 AnTBlo n.a. 313 0.6-43
Richon et al., 1991 AnTVal n.a. 393-473 1-9.4
1-methylnaphthalene Lee & Chao, 1988 AnlTISem 300 308-328 1.5-14.5
Kim et al., 1989 AnTVLcirVal 150 372 3.2-12.2
naphthalene Sako et al., 1988 AnPTSemValY 100 308 4.8-21.5
Smith & Wormald, 1990 SynNon n.a. 308-338 5.99-222
nitrogen Brown et al., 1989a AnTVcir n.a. 220-270 0.5-11.9
n-nonylbenzene Jangkamolkulchai et a1,1988SynVis 8 314 5.6-5.7
n-octacosane Huang et al., 1988a AnPTSemX n.a. 373-473 0.9-4.9
Table 8 (wiam~ Binary systems: ethane + X

X Reference ETp. Method and Temp. Pressure
n-octane Weng & Lee, 1992a AnFISem 300 313-348 1.5-11.3
Fogh & Rasmussen, 1989 SynNon 10 333-393 6.2-8.5
1-octanol Weng & Lee, 1992b AnFP3em 300 313-348 4-19
L a m et al., 1990c SynVis 9 288-307 3.4-5.1
oleic acid Peter & Jacob, 1991 AnTVal n.a. 313 2-9
oxindole Nakatani et al., 1 9 8 9 AnTValY n.a. 308 4.9-19.6
perlagonic acid Peter & Jacob, 1991 AnTVal n.a. 313-353 2-12
Schiemann et al., 1 9 9 3 AnTVLcirCap 2500 313-393 0.1-23
polyethylene Hasch et al., 1 9 9 3 SynVisVar 22 383-423 100-120
propane Blanc & Setier, 1 9 8 8 AnTVcir 140 1 9 5 - 2 7 0 0.03-1.97
1-propanol Suzuki et al., 1990a AnTVLdrVal n.a. 313-333 1.3-6.7
L a m e t al., 1990c SynVis 9 313-315 5.4-5.6
n-pmpylbenzene Richon et al., 1991 AnTBlo n.a. 313 0.49-5.1
Richon et al., 1991 AnTCap n.a. 313 0.4-5
n-propylcyclohexane Richon et al., 1991 AnTVal n.a. 393-473 0.8-11.8
pyrazine Yamamoto et aL, 1 9 9 0 SynVis 100 303-322 1-20.7
pyrimidine Yamamoto et al., 1 9 9 0 SynVis 100 278-313 1.2-27.4
skatole Ohgaki et al., 1 9 8 8 b AnTValY n.a. 308 5-18
Sako, S. et al., 1 9 8 9 AnPTSemValY 100 308 4.9-18.5
stearic acid Schiemarm et al., 1 9 9 3 AnTVLcirCap 2500 353-393 0.1-23.6
sulfonale Jou et al., 1990b AnTVcirVal n.a. 298-403 0.2-6.9
n-tetradecylbenzene Jangkamolhxlchaiet al,1989SynVis 8 295-308 4.4-5.6
toluene Richon et al., 1991 AnTCap n.a. 313 0.6-1.4
triethylaluminum Beard et al., 1993 AnPTCon 100 348-423 5.5-14.7
n-undecylbenzene Jangkamolkulchaiet al,1988SynVis 8 305-310 4.7-53
valeric acid Peter & Jacob, 1991 AnTVal n.a. 313 1.5-5
m-xylene Richon et al., 1991 AnTBlo n.a. 313 0.5-4.9
Richon et al., 1991 AnTVal n.a. 393-473 0~-11.9
Table 9
Binary systems: propane + X
Cell Volume (cans) (K) (MPa)
acenaphthene Peters et al., 1989 SynVis n.a. 360-420 1.5-8.3
ammonia Nods et al., 1993 AnTVal n.a. 273-293 0.4-1.6
anthracene Dimitrelis &Prausnitz, 1989 AnTValY n.a. 419-420 4.6-5.6
biphenyl Peters et al., 1989 SynVis n.a. 340-420 0.5-7.5
Table 9 (mmiffium3 Binary systems: propane + X

Cell Vohme (cms) (K) (MPa)
1-butanol Hayduk et al., 1991 AnZ~onX n.a. 298-343 0.2-1.6
chlorobenzene Hayduk et al., 1991 An~ConX n.a. 298-343 0.2-1.9
cyclohexane Richon et al., 1991 AnTBlo n.a. 313 0.3-1.3
1,1-dichloroethane Garcia-Sanchez &Trejo,1991 SynVisTcPc n.a. 369-476 4.2-5~
2,3-dimethylbutane Churl et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 348-489 0.2-4.9
2,2-dimethylpropano Hissong et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 355-426 1.1-4.3
1,4-dioxane Christou & Young, 1991 SynVisT n.a. 403-557 n.m.
ethane Blanc & Sotier, 1988 AnTVcir 140 195-270 0.03-1.97
fluorene Peters et al., 1989 SynVis n.a. 335-385 1.5-5.5
furfural Noda et al., 1992 AnT n.a. 313 0.1-1.3
n-hexacontane Peters et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 302-431 1.1-12.9
n-h~e Chun et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 348-495 0.1-4.9
mesitylene Richon et al., 1991 AnTCap n.a. 313 0.3-1.3
methanol Leu et al., 1992b AnTVarVal n.a. 310-474 0-8.7
2,2-methylbutane Chun et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 348-476 0.2-4A
methylcyclohexane Richon et al., 1991 AnTBlo n.a. 313 02.-1.3
Richon et al., 1991 AnTVal n.a. 394-473 0.8-6Et
methyldiethanol amine Carroll et al., 1992 AnTVLcirVal n.a. 273-373 0.5-5
2-methylpentane Chun et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 348-488 0.2-4~
3-methylpentane Churl et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 348-494 0.1-4.9
n-octadecane Dimitrelis &Prausnitz, 1989 AnTValY n.a. 389-419 3.6-6.1
n-octane Hayduk et al., 1991 Anir~onX n.a. 298-343 0.2-1.7
phenanthrene Dimitrelis &Prausnitz, 1989 AnTVa!Y n.a. 389-419 3.6-5J3
Peters et al., 1989 SynVis n.a. 360-420 0.5-20
1-propanol MiLhlbauer & Raal, 1993 AnTLcir 350 353-393 0.4-4
2-propanol Zabaloy et al., 1993b AnTCap 50 313-353 0.5-2.6
Zaba]oy et al., 1991 AnTCap 50 313-353 0.1-3.1
n-propylbenzene Richon et al., 1991 AnTCap n.a. 313 0.3-12
Richon et al., 1991 AnTBlo n.a. 313 0-3-1-3
n-propylcycloh~ne Richon et al., 1991 AnTCap n.a. 313 0.3-1-3
Richon et al., 1991 AnTBlo n.a. 313 0.3-1-3
toluene Richon et al., 1991 AnTCap n.a. 313 0-3-12.
Richon et al., 1991 AnTBlo n.a. 312 03-13
tripalmitin Coorens et al., 1988 SynVis n.a. 298-370 0.3-42
moxyhne Richon et al., 1991 AnTCap n.a. 313 0.4-1-3
Richon et al., 1991 AnTBlo n.a. 313 0_3-13
water Carroll et al., 1992 AnTVLcirVal n.a. 283-373 0.55-5
Table 10
Binary systems: propanenitrile + X
n-decane Trejo & Zepeda, 1989 SynVisTcPc n.a. 560-613 2.39-4.16
n-heptane Trejo & Zepeda, 1989 SynVisTcP n.a. 530-554 2.974.38
n-hexane Trejo & Zepeda, 1989 SynVisTcPc n.a. 502-554 3.18-4.43
n-nonane Trejo & Zepeda, 1989 SynVisTcPc n.a. 555-588 2.64-4.19
n-octane Trejo & Zepeda, 1989 SynVisTcP n.a. 546-567 2.62-4.37
n-pentane Trejo & Zepeda, 1989 SynVisTcP n.a. 467-553 3.63-4.55
n-undecane Trejo & Zepeda, 1989 SynVisTcPc n.a. 569-635 2.15-4.21
Table 11
Binary systems: n-butane + X
Cell Volume (cm3) (K) (MYa)
argon Malewski & Sandhr, 1989 AnTVLcirVal 100 33%380 1.2-22.1
Marathe & Sandler, 1991 AnTVLcirVal 100 366 1.3-14.6
carbon dioxide Brown et al., 1989b AnTVcir n.a. 250-270 0-2.8
Shibata & Sandier, 1989a AnTVLcirVal 100 310-410 0.3-8
Traub & Stephan, 1990 AnTVal 68 310 0-8
Weber, 1989a AnTVLcir 65 309-394 0.3-5.7
chlorotrifluoromethane Weber, 1989b AnTVLcir 65 311-400 0.4-3~
1,1-dichloroethane Garda-Sanchez &Trejo,1991 SynVisTcP n.a. 425-517 3.82-5.17
1,4-diaxane Christou & Young, 1991 SynVisTc n.a. 450-545 nan.
dimethylether Pozo d. F. et al., 1992 AnTVcir n.a. 283-414 0.15-4.12
hydrogen sulfide Leu & Robinson, 1989 AnTVal Vat 312-418 1.35-8.1
methane Stenby et al., 1993 AnTVisVal 500 3642 5-20
methanol Leu et al., 1992b AnTVarVal n.a. 469 3.78-6.91
nitrogen Brown et al., 1989b AnTVcir n.a. 250-270 0-15
Malewski & Sandier, 1989 AnTVLdrVal 100 339-380 12-22.1
Shibata & Sandler, 1989a AnTVLcirVal 100 310-410 0.4-28.5
octylbenzene De Leeuw et al., 1994 SynVis n.a. 327-455 0.42-4.46
polystyrene Saraf & Kiran, 1988 SynVisVar 16-24 400-480 33-39
n-tetradecane De Leeuw et al., 1992 SynVis n.a. 323-454 0.12-4.4
Table 12
Binary systems: butanenitrile + X
Cell Volume (era3) (K) (MPa)
n-decane Eliosa et al., 1990 ToPc n.a. 583-617 2.1-3~2
n-dodecane Eliosa et al., 1990 TcPc n.a. 585-658 1.82-3.82
n-heptane Eliosa et al., 1990 TcPc n.a. 537-585 2.74-3.82
n-hexane Eliosa et al., 1990 TcPc n.a. 507-585 3.01-3.91
n-nonane Eliosa et al., 1990 TcPc n.a. 575-594 2.29-3.82
n-octane Ellosa et al., 1990 TcPc n.a. 562-585 2.49-3.82
n-pentane Ellosa et al., 1990 TcPc n.a. 470-585 3.37-4.34
n-undecane Eliosa et al., 1990 TcPc n.a. 584-638 1.91-3.82
Table 13
Binary systems: n-pentane + X
X Reference F.~m. Method and Temp. Fressure
Ceil Volume (cm3) (K) (MPa)
ammonia Yokoyama et al., 1990a SynVis 20 296-301 0.97-3.04
n-butanenitrile Eliosa et al., 1990 TcPc n.a. 470-585 3.37-4_34
carbon dioxide Cheng et al., 1 9 8 9 AnTVcirVal n.a. 252-458 02.-9
Lemert & Johnston, 1989 SynVis n.a. 333-337 8.8-26_3
chlorodifluommethane Framson et al., 1992 AnT 60 304-384 0.49-4.0
1,1-dichloroethane Garcia-Sanchez &Trejo,1991 SynVisTcPc n.a. 470-516 3_37-4.72
1,1-difluoroethane Fransson et al., 1992 AnT 60 304-385 0.3-2.9
1,4-dioxane Chriatou & Young, 1991 SynVisTc n.a. 486-570 nan.
1-hexanol Christou et al., 1 9 9 1 a SynVisTc n.a. 470-611 nan.
1-pentanol Christou et al., 1 9 9 1 a SynVisTc n.a. 469-588 n.m.
perfluoro-
tributyl~mlne Sadus, 1992 SynV'mTc n.a. 470-560 nan.
polystyrene Saraf & Kiran, 1988 SynVisVar 16-24 400-495 27-35
pmpanenitrile Trejo & Zepeda, 1989 SynVisTcPc n.a. 467-553 3.63-4.55
sulfur henfluoride Berg & Wagner, 1990 AnTCap n.a. 313-333 1.08-4.01
tetrulecamethylhexa--
$iloYane Chrietou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n.a. 469-649 nan.
trifluommethane Sake, T. et al., 1989 AnT n.a. 310,343 0.54-7.15
Table 14
Binary systems: cyclohexane + X
carbon dioxide Shibata & Sandier, 1989b AnTVLcirVal 100 366-410 0.1-14.5
chlomdifluoromethane Christou & Young, 1991 SynVisTc n.a. 370-540 nan.
Xu et al., 1991 AnTCap 500 363-400 1.35-5.7
dichlorodifluoro-
methane Christou & Young, 1991 SynVisT n.a. 406-535 n.m.
ethanol Connemarm et al., 1990 AnTCap n.a. 333 0.06-0.08
hexaethyldisiloxane Christou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n.a. 553-693 nan.
methyltris(trimethyl-
siloxy)silane(TM3) Christou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n.a. 553-597 nan.
naphthalene Lee & Holder, 1993 AnTVLcir n.a. 455-470 0.99-128
nitrogen Shibata & Sandler, 1989b AnTVLcirVal 100 366-410 0.1-27.5
propane Richon et al., 1991 AnTBIo n.a. 313 0.3-13
tetrakis(trimethyl-
siloxy)silane Christou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n.a. 553-622 nan.
toluene Lee & Holder, 1993 AnTVLcir n.a. 455-496 0.99-128
Table 15
Binary systems: argon + X
ammonia G16wka, 1992 SynNon n.a. 298-423 0~-16.66
n-butane Malewski & Sandler, 1989 AnTVLcirVal 100 339-380 1.2-22.1
Marathe & Sandler, 1991 AnTVLcirVal 100 366 1.3-14.66
cydopentane Marathe & Sandler, 1991 AnTVLcirVal 100 366,410 0.4-30.9
2,2-dimethylpmpane Marathe & Sandler, 1991 AnTVLcirVal 100 367,411 1.0-15.1
methane Barreiros & da Ponte, 1989 SyrnNon n.a. 91-151 2-120
fin et al., 1993 AnTVcir n.a. 122 0.3-1.3
nitrogen fin et al., 1993 AnTVcir n.a. 122 1.4-2.8
perlagonic acid Schiemarm et al., 1 9 9 3 AnTVLcirCap 2500 313-373 0.1-20.4
tfifluommethane Kulka & Schneider, 1991 SynVis n.a. 117-210 5-209
Table 16
Binary systems: hydrogen + X
benzophenone Graaf et al., 1992 SynNon n.a. 422-566 52.1-70_5
n-dccane Schofidd et al., 1 9 9 2 AnTValX n.a. 503 1.5-10.1
n-eicosane Huang et al., 1 9 8 8 c AnIYrSemX n.a. 373 573 0.9-5
n-hexatriacontane Huang et al., 1 9 8 8 c AnPTSemX n.a. 373-573 1-5
1-methylnaphthalene Liu & Lin, 1990 AnPTCon n.a. 730 10-28
n-octacosane Huang et al., 1 9 8 8 c AnPTSemX n.a. 373-573 0.%5
n-octadecane Graaf et al., 1992 SynNon n.a. 442-566 512-4>4.1
phenanthrene Malone & Kobayashi, 1990 AnTValX Vat 398-473 2.6-25.23
peffluoropmpane Japas et al., 1992 SynNonX 1-14 273-323 1-20
perfluoropropene Japas et al., 1992 SynNonX 1-14 273-323 1-20
pedagonic acid Schiemann et al., 1 9 9 3 AnTVLcixCap 2500 313-373 1-205
squalane Graaf et al., 1992 SynNon n.a. 422-564 69.6-80_5
stearic acid Schiemann et al., 1 9 9 3 AnTVLcirCap 2500 353,373 1-200
tetralin Liu & Lin, 1990 AnPTCon n.a. 621.5 5.1-25.3
white oil Schofield et al., 1 9 9 2 AnTV'alX n.a. 573-643 1_5-10.44
Table 17
Binary systems: w a t e r + X
ammonia Inomata et al.,1988 AnTVLcir 750 333 0.16-2.07
Sassen et al., 1990 SynVis n.a. 389-613 1.3-21_5
Smolen et al., 1991 SynNon n.a. 293-413 0.9-449.6
argon Wu, G. et al., 1990 SynVisOth 50 573-648 50-250
benzene Sawamura et M., 1989 AnTSpecX n.a. 298 0.1-100
benzophenone Graaf et al., 1992 SynNon n.a. 463-565 8.6-29.1
carbon dioxide Crovetto & Wood, 1992 SynNon n.a. 623-642 17.6-22_5
Dohm et al., 1993 AnTVcirBloCap800 323 10.1-30.4
D'Souza et al., 1988 AnTVLdrVal 100 323-348 10.1-15.2
Inomata et al., 1990 AnPTCon n.a. 297.7 0.6-7.3
King et al., 1992 AnTVLdrBlo 300 288-313 51.7-243
Martinez d.l. Ossa, 1990 AnPTSemY n .a. 323 0-80
Nighswander et al.,1989 AnT Vat 353-471 2.04-102
Sako et al.,1991b AnlYrSemYVal 500 348-421 10.3-20.9
chlorobenzene Hooper et al.,1988 AnTLcir 140 423-473 7.05-21.4
n-decane Wang & Chao, 1990 AnTCap(Wm) 10 573-613 1.3-23.1
dimethylether Holldorff & Knapp, 1988a SynMat 512 322-327 1-1.1
ethanol Connemarm et M., 1990 AnTCap n.a. 333.1 292-47.3
n-heptylpenta-
axyeth]ene Sassen et al.,1992 Syn~ls n.a. 340-358 1-99.35
hydrogen sulfide Carroll & Mather, 1989 AnTVcir 75 303-383 2-10
T a b l e 17 ( m a t i a m d ) B i n a r y s y s t e m s : w a t e r + X
Cell Volume (cm3) (K) (MVa)
methane Joffrion & Eubank, 1988 AnT n.a. 343-482 0.06-10.6
Shmonov et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 626-649 22-250
methyl chloride Coats et al., 1991 AnPTCon n.a. 313-333 0.72-6.99
Holldorff & Knapp, 1988a SynMat 512 322 1.1
1-methylnaphthalene Christensen&Paulaitis, 1992 SynVis--AnTVal60 5 7 3 - 6 7 3 2.9-171
natfium chloride Hovey et al., 1990 AnTVal 26.5 583-773 10-60
nitrogen v.Hindsberg,Verbrugge,1993 SynVis n.a. 630-830 100-170
nitrous oxide Jaffer et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 285-310 4.3-7.3
oleic acid Briones et al., 1 9 8 9 AnPTCam n.a. 522-590 4.51-11.5
propane Carroll et al., 1 9 9 2 AnTVLdrVal n.a. 283-373 0.55-5
sodium sulfate Tanaka et al., 1992 SynVis n.a. 263-343 0-500
squalane Graaf et al., 1992 SynNon n.a. 462-564 10.1-15.4
sulfur dioxide Rumpf & Maurer, 1992 SynVis 30 3 4 3 - 3 9 3 0.18-2.51
tetralin Christensen&Paulaitis, 1992 SynVis--AnTVal60 5 7 3 - 6 7 3 5.8-179
Table 18
B i n a r y s y s t e m s : h y d r o g e n sulfide + X
x Reference Exp. Method and Temp. Pressure
2-amino-2-methyt-
propand Teng & Mather, 1989 AnTVcir 75 323 0-1.1
n-butane Leu & Robinson, 1989 AnTVal Var 312-418 1.3-8.1
carbon dioxide Morris & Byers, 1991 AnTVdrVal 300 283.2 2-4
n-eicosane Feng & Mather, 1992 AnTVdr n.a. 323-423 0.4-7.7
n-formyl morpholine Jou et al., 1989 AnTVcirVal n.a. 298-403 0.4-67.5
n-hexadecane Feng & Mather, 1993 AnTVcirValX 2.50 323-423 0.5-7.4
methane Morris & Byers, 1991 AnTVcirVal 300 270-288 1-7
methanol Leu et al., 1992a AnTVal Var 298-448 0.02-11.2
2-methylbutane Leu & Robinson, 1992a AnTValVar 45 323-413 021-8.4
2-methylpropane Leu & Robinson, 1989 AnTVaa Var 344-398 1.1-8.9
n-methylpyrrolidone Murrieta-Guevara et a1,1988SynMatX n.a. 298-373 0.2-1.6
n-propylbenzene Richon et al., 1992 AnTVal n.a. 313-473 0.4-12.9
propylenecarbonate Murrieta-Gucvara et a1,1988SynMatX n.a. 298-373 0.08-1.6
sulfolane Jou et al., 1990b AnTVcirVal n.a. 298-403 0.002-5.9
Murrieta-Guevara et al,1988SynMatX n.a. 303-373 0.06-1.7
Roberts & Mather, 1988 AnTVcirValX n.a. 313-373 0.1-2.4
sulfur Gu et al., 1993 AnTY n.a. 363 11~-36.2
water Carroll & Mather, 1989 AnTVcir 75 303-383 2-10
T ~ l e 19
Binary systems: nitrogen + X
Cell Volume (eras) (K) 0VlPa)
acetone Schlichting et al., 1993 AnPTSemBlo n.a. 2.51-273 1.5-9.2
ammonia G16wka, 1992 SynNon n.a. 298-423 0.2-16.7
argon Jin et al., 1993 AnTVcir n.a. 122 1.4-2.8
benzene Llave & Chung, 1988 AnTVLcirVal 100 303-373 6.7-35.6
De Leeuw et al., 1989 SynVis n.a. 351-444 3.5-167.3
benzophenone Graaf et al., 1992 SynNonY n.a. 421-565 5.2-7.1
n-butane Malewski & Sandler, 1989 AnTVLcirVal 100 339-380 1.2-22.1
Shibata & Sandhr, 1989a AnTVLcirVal 100 310-410 0.4-28.5
Brown et al., 1989b AnTVLcirVal n.a. 311-344 0.8-15.8
carbon dioxide Brown et al., 1989a AnTVcir n.a. 220-270 0.5-13.0
Brown et al., 1989b AnTVcir n.a. 250-270 1.8-14.1
Xu et al., 1992 AnTCap n.a. 288-293 5.1-9.7
chlorodifluoromethane Wang et al., 1991 AnTVcirVal 13 263-288 0.4-5.1
cyclohenne Shibata & Sandier, 1989b AnTVLcirVal 100 366-410 0.1-27.5
cyclopentane Marathe & Sandler, 1991 AnTVLCIrVal 100 366,412 3.5-312.8
n-decane Llave & Chung, 1988 AnTVLcirVal 100 344 4-34.6
Pearce et al., 1993 AnlYlSemY n.a. 263-310 0.2-20.1
2-2-dimethylpropane Reisig & Schneider, 1989 SynVis n.a. 192-293 4.1-200
n-dodecane Llave & Chung, 1988 AnTVLcirVal 100 327-366 3.1-34.7
ethane Brown et al., 1989a AnTVcir n.a. 220-270 0.5-II.9
n-heptane Llave & Chung, 1988 AnTVLcirVal 100 305-366 5.5-34.9
Waterling et al., 1991 AnTCap n.a. 476 1.7-14.2
Schlichfing et al., 1993 AnPTSemBlo n.a. 252-273 1.5-9.2
mesitylene Richon et al., 1992 AnTBlo n.a. 313-393 10.1-100
Richon et al., 1992 AnTVal n.a. 472 1.1-40.5
methane fin et al., 1993 AnTVcir n.a. 123 0.42-2.58
methanol Schlichting et al., 1993 Anl~SemBlo n.a. 241-282 1.3-11.2
naphthalene De Leeuw et al., 1989 SynVis n.a. 370-443 10.9-165
n-nonane Schlichting et al., 1993 ArdrlX3emBlo n.a. 246-273 1-9.8
Llave & Chung, 1988 AnTVLcirVal 100 322-344 3.7-34.7
n-octadecane Graaf et al., 1992 SynNonY n.a. 421-565 1.9-3
n-octane Llave & Chung, 1988 AnTVLcirVal 100 322-344 3.2-35.1
perlagonic acid Schiemarm et al., 1993 AnTVLcirCap 2500 313-373 0.1-20.7
n-propylbenzene Renon et al., 1989 AnTVal n.a. 403-473 2.02-39.7
Renon et al., 1989 AnTCap n.a. 313 1-30.1
Renon et al., 1989 AntrFConVal n.a. 313 0.6-20.1
propylcyclohexane Richon et al., 1992 AnTBlo n.a. 313 9.8-100
squalane Graaf et al., 1992 SynNonY n.a. 421-565 6.9-8
n-tetradecane De Leeuw et al., 1992 SynVis n.a. 321-434 8.4-213.7
Table 19 (mnaam~Binary systems: nitrogen + X

Cell Volume (cm~) (K) (MPa)
toluene Llave & Chung, 1988 AnTVLcirVal 100 323-348 3.6-35A
Schlichting et al., 1993 AnPTSemBlo n.a. 241-282 1.3-10.4
Richon et al., 1992 AnTBlo n.a. 313 10.2-100
tfifluommethane Kulka & Schneider, 1991 SynVis n.a. 102-172 10-217
water Van Hinsberg et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 630-830 100-1700
m-xylene Richon et al., 1992 AnTVal n.a. 391-472 1.1-39.2
Richon et al., 1992 AnTBlo n.a. 313-391 5.2-100
p-xylene De Leeuw et al., 1989 SynVis n.a. 352-447 5.4-241
Table 20
Binary systems: ammonia + X
Cell Vohmae (cms) (K) (M'Pa)
argon Gl6wka, 1992 SynNon n.a. 298-423 0.2-16.6
n-decane Yokoyama et al., 1991 SynVis 20 317-353 1-3.4
trans-deca-
hydronaphthalene Maheshwari & Lenz, 1988 AnTCap 1000 323-673 1-18.85
n-dodecane Yokoyama et al., 1991 SynVis 20 317-364 1-3.5
helium G16wka, 1992 SynNon n.a. 298-423 0.2-14.5
n-heptane Yokoyama et al., 1991 SynVis 20 316-334 1-3.4
n-hexane Yokoyama et al., 1990a SynVis 20 300-314 1.06-4.05
methane G16wka, 1992 SynNon n.a. 298-423 0.2-17.4
methanol Inomata et al., 1988 AnTVLcir 750 313,333 0.12-2.44
nitrogen G16wka, 1992 SynNon n.a. 298-423 0.2-16.7
n-octane Yokoyama et al., 1990a SynVis 20 318-329 1.73-4.05
n-pentane Yokoyama et al., 1990a SynVis 20 296-301 0.97-3.04
propane Noda et al., 1993 AnTVal n.a. 273,293 0.47-1.64
propene Noda et al., 1993 AnTVal n.a. 293 0.94-1.58
n-undecane Yokoyama et al., 1991 SynVis 20 324-359 1-3.4
water Inomata et al., 1988 AnTVLcir 750 333 0.16-2.07
Sassen et al., 1990 SynVis n.a. 389-613 1.3-21.5
Smolen et al., 1991 SynNon n.a. 293-413 1-45
T ~ l e 21
Binary systems: nitrous oxide + X
Call Volume (cmS) 0c) ~Pa)
~-carotene Jay & Steythr, 1992 AnTSpecY Vat 288-313 5-50
Sakaki, 1992 ~emValY n.a. 308-323 9.64-29.5
1-decanol L a m e t al., 1990b SynVis 7-9 265-314 2.5-7.8
1-dodecanol Lain et al., 1990b SynVis 7-9 281-313 3.8-7.7
n-nonadecane Jangkamolkulchai et al,1989SynVis 9 313-315 7.7-8
l-octanol Lain et aI., 1990b SynVis 7-9 311-316 7.2-8.1
n-tetracosane Jangkamolk~Ichaiet al,1989SynVis 9 305-311 6.59-7.48
n-tetradecylbenzene Lain et al., 1989 SynVis 7-9 300-312 5.9-7.7
n-undecylbenzene Lain et al., 1989 SynVis 7-9 314-316 7.8-82
water Jaffer et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 285-310 4.3-7.3
Table
Binary systems: tetrakis(trimethylsilox-y)silane + X
Cell Volume (cmS) (K) ~Pa)
benzene Christou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n.a 562-622 nan.
cycloheptane Christou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n.a 304-622 n.m.

cyclohexane Christou et al., 1991b SynVisT n.a 553-622 n.m.
cyclooctane Christou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n.a 622-647 n.m.
cyclopentane Christou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n .a 511-622 n.m.
decamethyl-
cyclopentasHoxane Christou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n .a 621-624 n.m.
hexaethyldisiloxane Christou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n.a 622-693 n.m.
tetradecamethyl-
cycloheptasiloxane Christou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n.a 624-683 n.m.
tetramethyltin Christou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n.a 521-622 n.m.

Table 23
Binary systems: X + Y
X- Y Reference Exp. Method and Temp. ~ressure
Cell Volume (cm3) NP.)
acetone-propene Ohgaki et al., 1988a AnT 100 298 0.01-I.16
acetone-tetradeca-
methylhesmsiloxane Christou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n.a. 506-649 n.m.
benzene-peffluoro-
tributyhm~ne Sadus, 1992 SynVisTc n.a. 535-565 n.m.
benzene-propene Yamamoto, H. et al., 1989 AnT n.a. 298 n.m.
bromotrifluoromethane-
dichlorodifluoro-
methane Kubata et al., 1990 AnTVLcir 100 253-313 0.1-1
bromotrifluommethane--
1,1-dichlorotetra-
fluoroethane Watanabe, 1990 SynNon n.a. 303-443 0.5-10
1-butanol--n-hexane Gracia et al., 1992 AnT n.a. 283-323
1-butene-
n-hexatriacontane Gregg et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 353-473 1.1-37.5
1-butene-ethylene-
propylene-
copolymer(PEP) 790 Chen et al., 1993a SynVis n.a. 313-473 0.5-10
carbon monoxide-
benzophenone Graaf et al., 1992 SynNon n.a. 422-565 3.2-4.6
carbon monoxide-
n-eicosane Huang et al., 1988c AnP'P3emX n.a. 373-573 1-5
carbon monoxide
n-hexatfiacontane Huang et al., 1988c AnPTSemX n.a. 373-573 1-5
carbon monoxide-
n-octacosane Huang et al., 1988c AnPTSemX n.a. 373-573 1-5
carbon monoxide-
n-octadecane Grail et al., 1992 SynNon n.a. 432-566 3.1-3.9
carbon monoxide-
squalane Graaf et al., 1992 SynNon n.a. 422-565 2.5-3.5
g-carotene-xenon Jay & Steytler, 1992 AnTSpecY Vat 300,329 11 :)-29.6
chlorofluoromethane-
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-
methane Arita et al., 1991 AnTVal n.a. 323 1.32-1.94
cMoropent~uomethane-
1,1-dichlorotetrafluoro-
ethane Watanabe, 1990 SynNon n.a. 302-413 0.4-9~
chlorotrifluommethane--
acetonitrile Christou & Young, 1991 SynVisTc n.a. 447-537 n.m.
chlorotrilq_uoromethane-
1,4-dioxane Christou & Young, 1991 SynVisTc n.a. 495-561 n.m.
chlorotrifluoromethane--
2-methylpropane Weber, 19891) AnTVLcir 65 311-400 0.5-3.4
Table 23 (comimm0 Binary systems: X + Y

X- Y Reference Exp. Method and Temp. l~essure
Cell Volume (era3) (K) (MPa)
chlorotrifluoromethane-
methylbenzene Christou & Young, 1991 SynVisTc n.a. 382-574 n.m.
m-cresol-quinoline Niesen & Yesavage, 1988a AnPTCon n.a. 598 0.5-1.1
m-cresol-tetralin Niesen & Yesavage, 1988b AnI~Con n.a. 598 0.8-11.4
cycloheptane-
hexaethyldisiloxane Christou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n.a. 604-693 n.m.
cyclooctang--
hexaethyldisiloxane Christou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n.a. 647-693 n.m.
cyclopentane--
hexaethyldisiloxane Christou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n.a. 511.693 n.m.
decamethylcydopenta-
siloxane(DS)-TM3 Christou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n.a. 597.625 n.m.
DS-tetradeca-
methylcyclo-
heptasiloxane(D7) Christou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n.a. 624-683 n.m.
D5-tetramethyltin Christou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n.a. 521-624 nan.
n-decane-n-octacosaneLee et al., 1993 AnTVal 191 311-319 0.1-21.8
dichlorodifluorome-
thane-l,l-dichloro-
tetrafluoroethane StriSm et al., 1989 AnTVcir n.a. 296-372 0.3-1.4
dichlorodifluorome-
thane-l,4-dioxane Christou & Young, 1991 SynVisTc n.a. 403-578 n.m.
1,1-dichloroethane-
n-heptane Garcia-Sanchez &Trejo,1991 SynVisTcPc n.a. 522-540 2.71-4.47
1,1-dichloroethane-
n-hcxane Garcia-Sanchez &Trejo,1991 SynVisTc_P n.a. 507-519 3.02-4.63
1,1dichloroethane-
n-nonane Garcia-Sanchez &Trejo,1991 SynVisTcPc n.a. 531-594 2.88-4.72
1,2-dichloroethane-
tetradecamethyl-
hexasiloxane(L6) Christou et al., 1 9 9 1 b SynVisTc n.a. 560-649 n.m.
1,1-dichlom-l-fluoro-
ethane-l,l,l,2-
tetrafluoroethane Zheng et al., 1990 AnTVLcirVal n.a. 333 0.34-1_50
dichlorosilane-
trichlorosilane Olson, 1989 AnP n.a. 344-432 0.7-2.1
1,1-dichlorotetra-
fluoroethane-
1,1-difluoroethane Watanabe, 1990 SynNon n.a. 303-443 0.4-9.7
dichlorotetra-
fluoroethane-
perfluoro-2-butyl-
tetrahydrofuran Chareton et al., 1990 AnT Var 398,423 0.2-2-5
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-tfi-
fluoroethane-l,l,l,2-
tetrafluoro-ethane Kubota et al., 1991 AnT n.a. 318-332 0.28-1.50
Table 23 (matina~ Binary systems: X + Y

X- Y Reference Exp. Method and Temp. Pressure
Cell Volume (cma) (K) (MPa)
diethylether-propene Ohgaki et al., 1988a AnT 100 298 0.07-1.16
dimethylether-
methyl chloride Holldorff & Knapp, 1988c SynMat 512 322 1
dimethylether-
sulfur dioxide Noles & Zollweg, 1991 AnTVLcirVal n.a. 283-428 0.23-7.19
dimethylpropane-
tetrafluoromethane Reisig et al., 1989 AnTVisVal n.a. 203-293 0-200
dimethylsiloxane 300/
polymer--oxygen Lee & Foster, 1990 SynM atX 1050 295-473 1-7
n-dodecane-n-heptyl-
pentaoxyethylene Sassen et al., 1992 SynVis n.a. 273-292 6.15-98.3
ethylene-propylene-co-
polymer (PEP)790--
1-butene Chen et al., 1993a SynVis n.a. 313-573 2-20
PEP 790--pmpene Chen et al., 1993a SynVis n.a. 313-573 2-20
PEP 5900--1-butene Chen et al., 1993a SynVis n.a. 313-573 2-20
PEP 5900-propene Gregg et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 373-423 18-29-5
Chen et al., 1993a SynVis n.a. 313-573 2-20
PEP 26000--1-butene Chela et al., 1993a SynVis n.a. 313-573 2-20
PEP 26000--propene Chen et aJ., 1993a SynVis n.a. 313-573 2-20
PEP 96000--1-butene Chen et al., 1993a SynVis n.a. 313-573 2-20
PEP 96000--propene Gregg et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 373-423 343-42.3
Chen et al., 1993a SynVis n.a. 313-573 2-20
furfural-propene Noda et al., 1992 AnT n.a. 293-323 0.12-1.88
helium-
peflagonic acid Schiemann et al., 1993 AnTVLcirCap 2500 313-373 0.1-30.2
helium-stearic acid Schiemann et al., 1993 AnTVLcirCap 2500 353,373 0.1-25.3
n-heptane--1-hexanol Christou et al., 1991a SynVisTc n.a. 540-611 n.m.
n-heptane--perfluoro-
tributylamine Sadus, 1992 SynVisTc n.a. 530-570 n.m.
n-hexadecane-
1,8-octanediol Spee & Schneider, 1991 AnT n.a. 393 10-70
hexaethyldisiloxane-
tetramethyltin Christou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n.a. 521-693 n.m.
n-hexane-l-pentand Christou et al., 1991a SynVisTc n.a. 508-588 n.m.
n-hexane-perfluoro-
1-hexanol-nonane Christou et al., 1991a SynVisTc n.a. 5 9 4 - 6 1 1 n.m.
methylbenzene-
sulfur hmrafluoride Christou & Young, 1991 SynVisT~ n.a. 409-588 n.m.
2-methylheptane-
2-methylhexane Abara et al., 1988 SynVis n.a. 521-567 2.1-2.7
2-methylheptane-
2-methyloctane Abara et al., 1988 SynVis n.a. 556-581 2.1-2.4
248 R. Dohrn, G. Brunner / Fluid Phase Equilibria 106 (l 995) 213-282
Table 23 (mmim~I) Binary systems: X Y

Cell Volume (cm3) (~) (MPa)
2-methylheptane-
2-methylpentane Abara et al., 1988 SynVis n.a. 499-554 2.1-3.1
2-methylhexane-
2-methylpentane Abara et al., 1988 SynVis n.a. 494-528 1.9-3
2-methylhexane-
2-methyloctane Abara et al., 1988 SynVis n.a. 527-580 2.1-2.7
2-methyloctane-
2-methylpentane Abara et al., 1988 SynVis n.a. 501-578 2-3.09
2-methylpropane--
2-propanol Zabaloy et al., 1993a AnTVal 150 319-389 0.6-2.8
2-methylpropane-
tetrafluoromethaneReisig et al., 1989 AnTVisVal n.a. 180-260 0-200
naphthalene-toluene Lee & Holder, 1993 AnTVLcir n.a. 492-496 1.0-1.1
naphthalene-xenon McHugh et al., 1988 SynVisVar n.a. 308-318 10.5-23
n-nonane-l-pentanol Christou et al., 1991a SynVisT n.a. 594-588 n.m.
n-nonane-perfluoro-
oxygen-phenyl 300
methyl-silicone oil Lee & Foster, 1990 SynMatX 1050 323-473 1-7
phenanthrene-toluene Hutchenson et al., 1990 AnPTC,on 30 5 9 2 - 6 7 4 0.7-4
2-propanol-propene Zabaloy et al., 1993b AnTCap 50 3 1 3 - 3 7 0 0.5-4.1
propene-
propylene oxide Ohgaki et al., 1988a AnT 100 298 0.1-1.1
sulfuric a d d -
sulfur trioxide Schrage, 1991 SynNon n.a. 278-673 0.01-10
tetrachloromethane-
tetrafluoromethane Barber et al., 1991 Anl~ConSpec n.a. 234-249 7-30.8
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane-
1,1,1-rrifluoroethane Kubata &Matsumoto, 1993 AnT n.a. 278-333 0.3-2.9
tetralin-toluene Thies et al., 1988 An_WFCon 30 5 7 3 - 6 7 2 0.6-4.4
m-xylene-p-xylene Yokoyama et al., 1990b SynVis 20 2 8 3 - 2 9 8 0.1-200
Table 24
Ternary systems: carbon dioxide + X + Y
acenaphthene-
naphthalene White & Lira, 1992 AnTVal n.a. 311-322 0.8-7.3
acetic acid-water Laugier et al., 1990 AnTVal Vat 298-313 3.2-7~
Panagiotopoulos et al.,1988 AnTVLcir n.a. 313-333 2.1-20.3
acetone-~holesterol Foster et al., 1993 AnPTGon 101 318-338 10-22
acetone--naproxen Ting et al., 1993 An~I~on n.a. 318-333 8.9-19.31
acetone-water Tranb & Stephan, 1990 AnTVal 68 313 4-10
activated carbon--
toluene Tan & Liou, 1990 AnPTCon n.a. 308-328 7.5-13.8
AMP-hydrogen
sulfide Teng & Mather, 1989 AnTVcir 75 323 0-2.2
ammonia-water GiSppert & Maurer, 1988 AnTValY n.a. 333-393 0.1-7
ammonium sulfate--
water Rumpf & Maurer, 1993a SynVis 30 313-433 0.02-9.8
anisole-l-methyl-
naphthalene Reilly et al., 1992 AnTVLcirVal n.a. 372 3.5-23
anthracene--
naphthalene White & Lira, 1992 AnTVal n.a. 331-345 2-8.2
benzene-naphthalene A1-Sahhaf et al., 1990. SynVis Vat 313-353 0.6-12.7
benzaldehyde-
1-methylnaphthahneReilly et al., 1992 AnTVLcirVal n.a. 372 3.4-23.3
biphenyl-naphthalene Chung & Shing, 1992 AnTVal n.a. 308 7.7-28
White & Lira, 1992 AnTVal n.a. 305-325 5~2-7-5
Zhang et al., 1988 SynVis 40 306-316 3.4-33.8
Zhang et al., 1992 SynVis n.a. 295-308 1-6
n-butane--n-decane Nagarajan et al., 1990 Syn n.a. 344 9-11.5
n-butane-nitrogen Shibata & Sandler. 1989a AnTVLcirVal 100 310-410 0.3-8
1-butanol-water Wmkler & Stephan, 1991 AnTCap n.a. 313 4
n-bu.t?/Ibenzene-
n-elcosane Miller et al., 1989 SynVis 9 290-320 5-9.2
n-butyric acid--water Panagiotopoulos et al.,1988 AnTVLcir n.a. 313 2.1-19.7
carbon monoxide-
hydrogen Yokoya a et al., 1988a SynVis n.a. 253-303 4-8.6
~-carotene---ethanol Cygnarowicz et al., 1990 AnTVcirY n.a. 343 22-3-37.4
Jay et al., 1991 AnTSpecY 12 288-328 10-50
13-carotene--methanol Cygnarowicz et al., 1990 AnTVcirY n.a. 343 18-373
~-carotene-
methylene chloride Cygnarowicz et al., 1990 AnTVcirY n.a. 343 23.4-37
chlorodifluoromethane--
nitrogene Wang et al., 1991 AnTVcirVal 13 273,283 10-4.07
cholesterol--ethane Singh et al., 1993 AnPTCon n.a. 308-328 8.5-22
cholesterol--n-hexane Foster et al., 1993 An!rrCon 101 318-338 9-22
Table 24 ( ~ m ~ ) T e r n a r y systems: carbon dioxide + X + Y

Cell Volume (cms) (K.) O~Pa)
cineole-limonene Azevedo et al., 1988 AnTCap 30 313 7.4-8.3
citral-limonene Di Giacomo et al., 1989 AnPTSemY 200 323 9-5-10
cydohexane-nitmgen Shibata & Sandler, 1989b AnTVLcirVal 100 366-410 6.9-27.5
n-decane-tetralin Chou et al., 1990 AnTVcirVal 100 344-377 4-20.3
n-decane-trans-decalinRitter et al., 1990 SynVis Vat 308-318 7.4-9
1-decanol-tetradecane Patton et al., 1992 SynVis 9 293 6.2-6.3
n-decylbenzene-
ethane Shaw et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 278-310 4.1-6.5
dibenzothiophene-
naphthalene Mitra et al., 1988 AnPTSemY n.a. 309 7.7-27.7
1,2-dichloroethane-
water Sengupta et al., 1993 AnPTGon 30 313-323 9.6-16.5
2,6-dimethyl-
naphthalene--2,7-di-
methylnaphthalene Iwai et al., 1993b AmO~emY 120 3 0 8 - 3 1 8 9.0-24.7
2,6-dimethyl-
naphthalene--water Lemert & Johnston, 1990 ~emValY n.a. 303-307 24.4-31.4
diphenylmethane-
naphthalene Chung & Shing, 1992 AnTVal n.a. 308 7.7-26
1-dodecanol--eicosane Kordikowski&Schneider1993 AnT n.a. 303-393 10-27
1-dodecanol-
2-ethoxy-ethanol Hi~lscher et al., 1989 AnTCap 100 333-393 10-25
1-dodecanol- Hi51scher et al., 1989 AnTCap 100 333-393 10-26
n-hexadecane Kordikowski&Schneider1993 AnT n.a. 353 10-22
1-dodecanol--
1-hexadecanol Hiflscher et al., 1989 AnTCap 100 393 25-30
1-dodecanol--
n-nonadecane Kordikowski&Schneider1993 AnT n.a. 308-393 10-100
1-dodecanol-
1,8-octanediol Spee & Schneider, 1991 AnT n.a. 393.2 10-95
1-dodecanol-
n-tetracosane Kordikowski&Schneider1993 AnT n.a. 323-393 10-31.7
ethane-cineole Matos & Azevedo,1989 AnTVal 30 302 6.5-6.9
ethane--limonene Matos & Azevedo,1989 AnTVal 30 302 6.5-7.1
ethane-methane Knapp et al., 1990 AnTVcirGap 168 220-250 2-5
ethane-naphthahne Hollar & Ehflich, 1990 AnTY n.a. 308-318 5.9-30.2
Smith & Wormald, 1990 SynNon n.a. 308-333 6-26.2
ethane-nitrogen Brown et al., 1989a AnTVcir 97 220-270 0.8-9.6
ethane-n-tetradecyl-
benzene Miller & Luks, 1989 SynVis 9 260-310 3-7.6
ethanol-methanol Yoon et al., 1993a AnTVLcirVal 50 313 2-8
ethanol-monocrotaline Schaeffer et aL, 1988 AnTValX n.a. 300-328 8.9-27.4
ethanol-naproxen "ling et al., 1993 AnPTGon n.a. 323-333 11-17.9
Table 24 (amtiau~ Ternary systems: carbon dioxide + X Y

Cell Volume (cm3) (K) ~Pa)
ethanol-water Horizoe et al., 1 9 9 3 AnTVLcir n.a. 293-383 9.9
Ikawa et al., 1993 AnT n.a. 333 10
Hirohama&Takatsuka, 1993aAnTVal n.a. 284-292 5.4-6.7
Lahiere & Fair, 1 9 8 9 AnPTConVal n.a. 298-313 8.2-10.3
Inomata et al., 1989b AnPTCon n.a. 298-305 4.5-8.8
Feng et al., 1 9 8 8 AnTVLcirVal 100 304-308 8.2-10.6
M. de la Ossa et al., 1990 AnPTSemY n.a. 313 10-20
Nagahama et al., 1 9 8 8 AnTVal n.a. 312-313 3.9-10
ethylacetate-napmxen Ting et al., 1993 AnPTCon n.a. 333 11-17.9
ethylbenzene-styrene Tan et al., 1 9 9 1 AnTVcirCap n.a. 308-328 1.5-8.5
fatty acid ethyl ester-
ethanol Nilsson et al., 1 9 9 2 AnPTCon n.a. 333 12.5
fuffural-water Sako et al., 1 9 9 1 b AnPTSemYVal 500 343-421 19.7-20.3
Sugeta et al., 1 9 8 8 AnPTCortX 1000 353,413 10-20
glucose-water Dohm et al., 1 9 9 3 AnTVcirBloCap800 323 -343 10-30
n-hmmdecane-methaneDaridon et al., 1993 SynVis 100 295-424 15.9-35.7
n-hemadecane-
1-dodecanol Spee & Schneider, 1991 AnT n.a. 293-413 25
n-hexadecane-
n-pentadecane Tanaka et al., 1 9 9 3 SynMatX Var 313-315 1.7-6.4
n-hexadecane--
n-hexatriacontane-
n-hemane Hong & Luks, 1991 SynVis 9 323-337 4.2-6-3
hydrogen-n-octacosaneHuang et al., 1 9 8 8 c ArLPTSemY n.a. 473-573 1.9-5
hydrogen sulfide-
methane Morris &; Byers, 1 9 9 1 AnTVCIrVal 300 270 4-7
linoleic acid-
oleic acid Zou et al., 1990b AnTVLcirVal n.a. 313-333 5.8-28
methane-nitrogen A1-Sahhaf, 1990 AnTVcirVal 100 230-250 6.2-10.3
Xu et ai., 1992 AnTCap n.a. 293 6-8.2
methane--water Song & Kobayashi, 1990 AnTVal 100 289-323 5.6-13.8
Yoon et al., 1993b AnTVLcir n.a. 305-313 7-12
methanol-naproxen "ring et al., 1993 AnPTCon n.a. 323-333 11-19-3
2-methylnaphthalene-
1-methylnaphthameneChung & Shing, 1992 AnTVal n.a. 308 7.7-27.3
2-methylnaphthalene-
naphthalene Chung & Shing, 1 9 9 2 AnTVal n.a. 308 7.6-26.2
methyl oleate-
methyl linoleate Zou et al., 1990b AnTVLcirVal n.a. 313-333 4.7-21
methyl oleate-
oleic acid Yu et al., 1993 AnTVLcirVal n . a , 313-333 4~5-26.2
n-methylpyrrolidone-
monoethanolamine Murfieta-Guevara et al,1992SynMatX 190 298-373 0.3-2.1
Table 24 (omlamd) Ternary systems: carbon dioxide + X + Y

X- Y Reference Exp. Method and Temp. ~rressure
n-methylpyrrolidone-
diethanolamine Murrieta-Guevara et aJ,1992SynMatX 190 298-373 0.2-2~
monoethanolamine-
sulfolane Murrieta-Guevara et a1,1993SynMatX 190 303-373 0.1-22
naphthalene-toluene Hong & Luks, 1992 SynVis 9 312-329 6-7.3
naphthalene-quinolineYanagiuchi et al., 1991 AnTVcirVal 1000 394 4.5-16
naphthalene-
2,5-xylenol Moil et al., 1992 AnPTSemY 100 308 8.5-14.3
naphthalene- Zhang et al., 1988 SynVis 40 316-331 2.5-32
phenanthrene Sako et al., 1 9 9 1 a AnPTSemYValn.a. 308-328 10-25
naphthahne-pentane Lemert & Johnston, 1990 AnPTSemValY n.a. 308-328 9.6-19.3
naproxen-l-propanol "ring et al., 1993 AnPTCon n.a. 333 11-17.9
naproxen-2-propanol Ting et al., 1993 AnPTCon n.a. 323-333 11-17.9
ohic acid-triolein Bharath et al., 1 9 9 2 AnTVcir n.a. 313-333 20-30
palmitic acid-stearic
acid Brunetti et al., 1989 AnPTSemY n.a. 313 20
phenol-water Ghonasgi et al., 1991 AnPTCon 30 313-333 9.6-17.2
~-pinene-cis-verb enol Richter & Sovov~ 1993 AnPTSemY 12 313 6-8
propane-naphthalene Smith & Wormald, 1990 SynNon n.a. 308-328 6.08-24.3
2-propanol-water Lahiere & Fair, 1989 A_n_trlX:onVal n.a. 298-313 8.3-10.3
Wendland et al., 1993 AnTVLcirVal 30 303-333 6.8-12.4
propionic acid-water Panagiotopoulos et al.,1988 AnTVLcir n.a. 313 1.9-15.5
sodium cldoride-
water Nighswander et al., 1989 AnTVar n.a. 353-473 2-10
sodium sulfate-water Rumpf & Maurer, 1993a SynVis 30 3 1 3 - 4 3 3 0.02-9.7
1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-
ethane-water Sengupta et al., 1993 AnPTCon 30 3 1 3 - 3 2 3 9.6-16.5
theobromine--water Li & Hartland, 1992 AnPTSemSpecY n.a. 313-373 15-30
1,1,2-trichloroethane--
water Sengupta et al., 1 9 9 3 An_PTGon 30 313-323 9.6-16.5
trilaufin--trimyristin Bamberger et al., 1 9 8 8 An_PTCon 69 313 9.2-24.9
trilaurin--trip almitin Bamberger et al., 1 9 8 8 A_nPTCon 69 313 9.1-24.7
tfimyristin--tripalmitin Bamberger et al., 1 9 8 8 AnPTCon 69 313 9.2-30.4
triolein--tristearin grunetti et al., 1 9 8 9 AnPTSemY n.a. 313 20
Table 25
Ternary systems: m e t h a n e + X + Y
X-Y Reference Exp. Method and Temp. Pressure
Cell Volume (cm3)
argon--nitrogen fin et al., 1993 AnTVcir n.a. 123 0.7-2.4
n-butane-n-decane Llave & Chung, 1988 AnTVLcirVal 100 353 27.6
carbon dioxide-
ethane Knapp et al., 1990 AnTVdrCap 168 220-250 2-5
carbon dioxide-
n-hexadecane Daridon et al., 1 9 9 3 SynVisOth 100 295-424 15.9-35.7
carbon dic0dde-
hydrogen sulfide Morris & Byers, 1 9 9 1 AnTVcirVal 300 270 4-7
carbon dioxide-
nitrogen Al-Sahhaf, 1990 AnTVcirVal 100 230-250 6.2-10.3
carbon dioxide-
nitrogen Xu et al., 1992 AnTCap n.a. 293 6-8.2
carbon dioxide--
water Song & Kobayashi, 1990 AnTVal 100 289-323 5.6-13.8
n-decylbenzene-
ethane Shaw et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 288-303 4.8-6.4
diethyhneglycol-
water Yokoyama et al., 1988b AnTYdrVal 100 298-323 3-8
ethane---n-docosane Jangkamolkulchai & SynVis 7-8 295-308 4.4-5.7
Luks, 1989
ethane---n-eicosane Gregorowicz et al., 1993a SynVis n.a. 298-307 4.9-6.5
ethane- Jangkamolkulchai & Luks,
n-tetradecylbenzene 1989 SynVis 7-8 271-308 3.5-6.6
methanol-
sodium bromide Michelberger&Franck, 1990 AnTValVis 30-60 309-454 29.6-215
n-he~ane-
n-hexatriacontane Hong et al., 1993 SynVis 9 343,347 1.1-8.1
n-hexane-naphthalene Hong et al., 1993 SynVis 9 351 1.3-8.2
naphthalene-toluene Hong et al.,1993 SynVis 9 323-351 0.8-8.1
nitrogen-n-heptane Ghen et al., 1989b SynVis 12 170-192 2.3-5.1
Table ~
T e r n a r y systems: ethane + X + Y
Cell Vohme (era3) (K) (MPa)
acetone-cholesterol Foster et al., 1993 ~ n n.a. 318-338 7-19
anisole-
1-methylnaphthaleneReilly et al., 1992 AnTVLcirVal n.a. 372 0.8-9.5
bemaldhyde--
1-methylnaphthaleneReilly et al., 1992 AnTVLeirVal n.a. 372 0.8-9~
n-butane-nitrogen Chen et al., 1989a SynVis 12 118-132 2.2-4.1
carbon dioxide-
cholesterol Singh et al., 1993 Antrl'Con n.a. 308-328 8.5-22
carbon dioxide-cineoleMatos & Azevedo, 1989 AnTVal 30 302 6.5-6.9
carbon diazide--
n-decylbenzene Shaw et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 278-310 4.1-63
carbon dioxide-
limonene Matos & Azevedo,1989 AnTVal 30 302 6.5-7.1
carbon diaxide-
methane Knapp et al., 1990 AnTVcirGap 168 220-250 2-5
carbon dioxide-
naphthalene Hollar & Ehrlich, 1990 AnTY n.a. 308-318 5.9-30.2
Smith & Wormald, 1990 SynNon n.a. 308-333 6-26.2
carbon dioxide-
nitrogen Brown et al., 1989a AnTVcir 97 220-270 0.8-9.6
cholesterol-propane Singh et al., 1993 AntrrCon n.a. 313-333 7-19
cholesterol-n-hexane Foster et al., 1993 An_PTCon n.a. 318-338 7-19
1-decanot--n-docosane Patton & Luks, 1993 SynVis 7-8 298 4.1-4.2
1-decanol-methanol Lain & Luks, 1991 SynVis 7-9 295 3.8-3.9
n-decylbenzene--
ethene Shaw et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 298-306 4.6-5.6
n-decylbenzene-
methane Shaw et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 288-303 4.8-6.4
n-decylbenzene-
nitrogen Fangyue et al., 1992 SynVis n.a. 310-313 52.-5.5
Shaw et al., 1993 SynVis n.a. 248-312 5.1-11.7
n-docosane--methane Jangkamolkulchai & Luks,
1989 SynVis 7-8 295-308 4.4-5.7
n-dotriacontane--
propane Estrera & Luks, 1988 SynVis n.a. 323-343 4.2-5.2
n-eicosane-pmpane Gregorowicz et al., 1993a SynVis n.a. 310-321 5.0-5.7
methane-- Jangkamolkulchai &
n-tetradecylbenzene Luks, 1989 SynVis 7-8 271-308 3.5-6.6
polystyrene-toluene Seckner et al., 1988 SynVisVar n.a. 273-433 2-16
propionic acid--water Wdlson et al., 1991 AnTVLcirVal 150 313 13.6-16.9
sodium chloride-water Michelberger & Franck,1990AnTVal 30-60 643-676 46.8-251
Table 27
Ternary systems: w a t e r + X + Y
X-Y Reference Exp. Method and Temp. Pressure
acetic acid- Panagiotopoulos et a1.,1988 AnTVLcir n.a. 313-333 2.1-20-3
carbon dioxide Laugier et al., 1990 AnTVal Vat 293,313 3.23-7.75
acetone-
carbon dioxide Traub & Stephan, 1990 AnTVal 68 313 40,100
ammonia-
ammonium sulfate Rumpf & Maurer, 1993b SynVis 30 333-433 0.02-3.0
ammonia
carbon dioxide Gi~ppert & Maurer, 1988 AnTValY n.a. 333-393 0.1-7.02
ammonia-methanol Inomata et al., 1988 AnTVLcir 750 333-413 2
ammonia-
sodium sulfate Rumpf & Maurer, 1993b SynVis 30 333-433 0.02-2.1
benzene-ethylbenzene Sawamara et al., 1989 AnTSpecX n.a. 298 0.1-400
benzene-
n-hexadecane Brunner et al., 1993 AnTCap 1000 573 20
benzene-
n-propylbenzene S a m a r a et al., 1989 AnTSpecX n.a. 298 0.1-400
benzene-toluene Sawamura et al., 1989 AnTSpecX n.a. 298 0.1-400
n-butane-ethanol Horizoe et al., 1993 AnTVLcir n.a. 313-433 0.7-9.9
1-butanol-
carbon dioxide Wmlder & Stephan, 1991 AnTCap n.a. 313 40
1-butanol-
1,1-difluoroethane Nakayama et al., 1988a AnTCap n.a. 323 1.32
2-butoxyethanol-
n-decane Sassen et al., 1991 AnTVal 100 303-325 0.1-30
n-butyric acid-
carbon dioxide Panagiotopoulos et a1.,1988 AnTVLcir n.a. 313 2.1-19.7
carbon dioxide-
1,2-dichloroethane Sengupta et al., 1993 AnPTCon 30 313,323 9.7-16.5
carbon dioxide- Feng eta]., 1988 AnTVLcirVal 100 313-323 82-106
ethanol Hirohama&Takatsuka, 1993aAnTVal n.a. 284-292 5.4-6.7
Horizoe et al., 1 9 9 3 AnTVLcir n.a. 293-383 9.905
Ikawa et al., 1993 AnT n.a. 333 10
Inomata et al., 1 9 9 0 AnPTCon n.a. 298-305 4.5-8.8
Lahiere & Fair, 1 9 8 9 AnPTConVal n.a. 308 10.2
M. de la Ossa et al., 1990 AnYP3emY n.a. 313 10-20
Nagahama et al., 1 9 8 8 AnTVal n.a. 312-313 3.86-9.98
carbon dioxide-
furfara] Sako eta]., 1991b AnP'ISemYVal 500 343-421 19.7-20.3
Sugeta et al., 1988 AnPTConX I000 353,413 10-20
carbon dioxide-
glucose Dohm et al., 1993 AnTVcirBloCap 800 323,343 10-30
carbon dioxide hydrates-
ca]ciumdichloride Dholabhai et al., 1993 SynVisOth Var 258-282 1-4
carbon dioxide hydrates-
kalium chloride Dholabhai et al., 1993 SynVisOth Var 267-280 1-4
T a b l e 27 ( m n t i a m ~ T e r n a r y s y s t e m s : w a t e r + X + Y
carbon dioxide hydrate~-
sodium chloride Dholabhai et al., 1993 SynVisOth Vat 260-285 1-4
carbon dioxide-
2-methylpropane Wendland et al., 1993 AnTVLcirVal 30 3 0 3 - 3 3 3 6.8-12.4
carbon dioxide-
methane Song & Kobayashi, 1990 AnTVal 100 289-323 5.6-13.8
carbon dioxide-
methanol Yoon et al., 1993b AnTVLcir n.a. 305-313 7-12
carbon dioxide-
phenol Ghonasgi et al., 1991 AnPTCon 30 313,323 9.7-172.
carbon dioxide-
2-propanol Lahiere & Fair, 1989 Anlr~onVal n.a. 298,313 81.6,102
carbon dioxide-
propionic acid Panagiotopoulos et a1.,1988 AnTVLcir n.a. 313 1.9-15.5
carbon dioxide-
sodium chloride Nighswander et al., 1989 AnTVar n.a. 353-473 2.1-10
carbon diazide-
1,1,2,2-tetra-
chloroethane Sengupta et aJ., 1993 AnPTCon 30 313,323 9.7-16~5
carbon dioxide-
theobmmine Li & Hartland, 1992 AnPTSemSpecY n.a. 313-373 15-30
carbon dioxide-
1,1,2-trichloroethane Sengupta et aJ., 1993 AnlYFCon 30 3 1 3 , 3 2 3 9.7-16.5
diethylene glycol-
methane Yokoyama et al., 1988b AnTVdrVal 100 298-323 3-8
1,1-difluoroethane-
ethanol Nakayama et al., 1988b AnTCap n.a. 303-338 0.81-1.82
1,1-difluoroethane-
1-pentanol Nakayama et aL, 1988a AnTCap n.a. 323 1.32-6.08
1,1-difluoroethane-
1-propanol Nakayama et al., 1988a AnTCap n.a. 323 1-32-6.08
ethane-
propionic add Wdkson et al., 1991 AnTVLcirVal 150 313 13.6-16.9
ethane-
sodium chloride Michelberger & Franck,1990AnTVal 30-60 643-676 46.8-251
ethanol-cyclohexane Connemann et al., 1990 AnTCap n.a. 333,338 0.04-0.09
ethanol-ethene Horizoe et al., 1993 AnTVLcir n.a. 313 9.9
ethanol-propane Horizoe et al., 1993 AnTVLcir n.a. 313-403 6.6-9.9
ethanol-pmpene Horizoe et al., 1993 AnTVLcir n.a. 313-403 1.8-9.9
n-hexadecane-
n-hwrane Brunner et al., 1993 AnTGap 1000 573 20
n-hexadecane-toluene Brunner et al., 1993 AnTGap 1000 573 20
n-hexane-nitrogen Heilig & Franck, 1990 SynVisOth n.a. 563-679 252-270
n-h~l~'le.-
sodium chloride Michelberger & Franck,1990AnTVal 30-60 651-700 41.7-154
Table 27' (amaaa~ Ternary systems: water + X + Y

X- Y Reference Exp. Method and Temp. Fressure
Cell Volume (cms) (K) (MPa)
methy.ldiethanol-
amine-propane Carroll et al., 1 9 9 2 AnTVLcirVal n.a. 273-423 0.1-20.1
2-methylpropane-
2-propanol Zabaloy et al., 1 9 9 3 a AnTVal 150 3 1 % 3 6 3 6.1-17.06
penquoroethane-
propionic acid Wflhon et al., 1 9 9 1 AnTVLcirVal 150 313 14.6-16.9
phenol-toluene Hooper et al., 1988 AnTLcir 140 423-473 7.1-21.4
propionic acid
sul_fiar hexafluoride Wtllson et al., 1991 AnTVLcirVal 150 313 3.74-4.47
propionic acid-
rrifluorochlom-
methane Wdlson et al., 1991 AnTVLcirVal 150 313 13.8-16.5
propionic acid-
trifluoromethane W'fllsonet al., 1991 AnTVLcirVal 150 313 153-22.9
T a b l e 28
Ternary systems: X + Y + Z
X- Y- Z Reference Exp. Method and Temp. Pressure
acetone-n-hexane-
cyclohexane Gdral et al, 1992 n.a. n.a. 313 46.1-692.
benzene-hexane-per-
fluorotributylamine Sadus, 1992 SynVisTc n.a. 530-569 n.m.
n-butane-n-decane-
nitrogen Llave & Chung, 1988 AnTVLcirVal 100 353 27.58
1-butene-ethylene-
(Vropylen~-~opolymer
6k-ethene Chen et al., 1993a SynVis n.a. 223-473 0.1-45
1-butene--(PEP)96k-
propene Chen et al., 1993a SynVis n.a. 223-473 0.1-45
n-decane--phenan-
threne-p-xyhne Lee et al., 1993 AnTVal 191 310-319 0.1-21.8
dichloromethane-
methyl acetate-
n-pentane Acevedo et al., 1992 n.a. n.a. 298 36-78
dimethylether-
methanol-
methyl chloride Holldorff & Knapp, 1988c SymMat 512 323 1-1.1
1-dodecanol-
n-hexadecane-
n-eicosane-ethylene--
propane Gregorowicz et al., 1993b SynNon n.a. 290-310 4.8-7.3
Table 28 (omtin,d) Ternary systems: X + Y + Z

Call Volume (cm3) 0~) ~Pa)
ethylene-PEP26000--
1-hexene Chen et al., 1993a SynVis n.a. 283-473 0.5-40
heptane-nonane-per-
fluorotributy]amine Sadus, 1992 SynVisTc n.a. 551-567 n.m.
hexane-pentane-per-
fluorotributylamine Sadus, 1992 SynVisT n.a. 493-564 n.m.
hydrogen sulfide--
monoethanolamine-
sulfolane Murrieta-Guevara etal.,1993 SynMatX 190 303-373 0.02-1.3
n-octadecane-.
phenanthrene-
propane Dimitrelis & Prausnitz,1989 AnTVal n.a. 389, 420 4.3,5.5
Table 29
Muhicomponent systems
Components Reference Exp. Method and Temp. Piessure
acetaldehyde-acetic Hirohama & AnTVal n.a. 314 9.9
acid-carbon dioxide-- Takatsuka, 1993b
diacetyl ethanol-methanol-
2-pentanol-l-propanol-water
acetaldehyde-carbon Hirohama & AnTVal n.a. 294,313 6.7-10.2
dioxide-ethanol- Takatsuka, 1993b
ethylacetate-
methanol-2-p entanol--
1-propanol-water
acetaldehyde-carbon Hirohama & AnTVal n.a. 334 10
dioxide-ethanol- Takatsuka, 1993b
ethylacetate--2-pentanol-
1-propanol-water
activated alumina- Akgerman & Yeo, AnT n.a. 320-340 7-18
carbon dioxide-- 1993
naphthalene-water
activated carbon- Akgerman & Yeo, AnT n.a. 295-320 7.5-22.5
carbon dioxide- 1993
phenol-water
ammonium sulfate-carbon Rumpf & Maurer, SynVis 30 313-433 0-9.7
dioxide-sodium sulfate 1993a
anhydrous milk f a t - Yu et al., 1992a AnTVLcirVal n.a. 313-333 2.9-31.1
carbon dioxide Yu et al., 1992b AnTVLcirVal n.a. 313-333 2.9-31.1
anisole-carbon dioxide- Reilly et al., 1992 AnTVLcirVal n.a. 373 3.5-23
methanol-
1-methyhaphthalene
anisole-ethane- Reilly et al., 1992 AnTVLcirVal n.a. 372 0.9-9.3
methanol--
1-methylnaphthalene
R. Dohrn, G. Brunner / Fluid Phase Equilibria 106 (1995)213-282 259
Table 29 (matiaa~ Muhicomponent systems

Components Reference Exp. Method and Temp. Pressure
Cel] Volume (cm3) ~K) ~IPa)
benzaldehyde-carbon Reilly et al., 1992 AnTVLcirVal n.a. 373 3.5-21.9
dioxide-methanol--
1-methylnaphthahne
benzaldehyde-ethane- Reilly et al., 1992 AnTVLcirVal n.a. 372 0.9-8.1
methanol--
1-methylnaphthahne
benzene-carbon dioxide- Gupta et al., 1991 AnlYrCon 33 313-323 9-18
p-chlorophenol-
m-cresol-phenol
benzene-ethylbenzene- Ng et al., 1993 AnT n.a. 298-323 2.1-6.9
methane-toluene-
triethyhneglycol-toluene-
water-o-xylene
benzene-ethylbenzene- Ng et al., 1993 AnT n.a. 298-323 2.1-6.9
methane-toluene-
triethyhneglycol-o-xylene
n-butane--n-decane- Llave & Ghung, AnTVLcirVal 100 353 27.6
methane-nitrogen 1988
bitumen-carbon dioxide Yu et al., 1989 AnPTGon n.a. 323-523 4-16
HuangSr.Radosz, 1990An_PTCon n.a. 323-523 4-16
Eastick et al., 1990 AnTLcirBlo 6 297-399 3-2
Hart et al., 1992 AnTVcirVal 400 313-330 3-6.2
carbon dioxide-- Angelos et al., AnTVarVal n.a. 250-320 5-14
aromatics--naphthenes- 1992
paraffins g(24 components)
carbon dioxide-carbon Suzuki et al., AnTVLcirVal 500 313-333 8.1-17.4
monoxide-ethane-ethanol- 1990b
hydrogen--methane-
methanol--propane-
1-propanol-water
carbon dioxide-- Subra & Tufeu, AnTSpecVar n.a. 307,317 12-20
cMorophyRian pigments 1990
carbon dioxide-- Li & Hartland, AnPTSemSpecYn.a. 313-333 8-30
cocoa burrer 1992
carbon dioxide-- Li & Hartland, AnPTSemSpecYn.a. 333 5.5-30
cocoa burrer-ethanol 1992
carbon dioxide-- Li & Hartland, AnPTSemSpecYn.a. 333 15
cocoa nibs-ethanol 1992
carbon dioxide- Brunner et al., AnTCap n.a. 353 20
deodorizer condensates 1991
carbon dioxide- Bulley et al., AnTCap n.a. 313-353 15-36
egg yolk lipids 1992
carbon dioxide-ethanol- Inomata et al., AnPTCon n.a. 308 10
ethylene glycol-water 1990
carbon dioxide-ethanol- D'Souza & Teja, AnTVLcirVal 100 318-358 8.%16.5
fructose-glucose-water 1988
Table 29 {mmimm~Mulficomponent systems

Components Reference Exp. Method and Temp. Pressure
Cell Volume (cm3) (K) ~)
carbon dioxide-ethanol- Dohm et al., 1993 AnTVcirBloCap800 343 10-30
glucose-water
carbon dioxide-ethanol- Inomata et al., An_PTCon n.a. 308 10.15
glycerol--water 1990
carbon dioxide-ethanol- Hirohama & AnTVal n.a. 313 8-11.7
methanol-2-pentanol- Takatsuka, 1993b
1-prop anol-water
carbon dioxide-ethanol- Inomata et al., AnPTCon n.a. 304 10
1,3-propandiol 1990
carbon dioxide-ethanol- Horizoe et al., AnTVLcir n.a. 313-384 9.9
propane-water 1993
carbon dioxde-ethanol- Inomata et al., AnPTCon n.a. 306 9.9-10.3
propylene glycol-water 1990
carbon dioxide-ethanol- Jennings et al., AnPTSemY 40 318 18.2-25.7
taxus brevifolia bark 1992b
carbon dioxide-fatty acid Nilsson et al., AnPTCon n.a. 333 12.5
ethylester esters 1992
carbon dioxide-fish oil AnTby et al., 1993 AnTCapVar n.a. 283-343 2-21.5
fatty acid ethyl esters
carbon dioxide-hydrogen MacGregor & AnTVcir n.a. 313-373 0-5.5
sulfide-methyldiethanol- Mather, 1991
amine-sulfolane-water
carbon dioxide-methane- Angelos et al., AnTVarVal n.a. 320 5-14
naphthenes- 1992
paraffins (19 components)
carbon dioxide- Akgerman & Yeo, AnT n.a. 320 7-19
naphthahne-soil-water 1993
carbon dioxide-phenol- Akgerman & Yeo, AnT n.a. 320 9-24
soil-water 1993
carbon dioxide-phenolic Poop & Akgerman, AnTVal 300 298-323 6.9-27.6
mixture-water 1990
carbon dioxide-sesame oil Bharath et a1.,1992 AnTVcirVal n.a. 313-353 10-33
carbon dioxide-taxus Jennings et al., AnPTSemY 40 318 18.3-25.7
brevifolia bark 1992b
carbon dioxide hydrates- Dholabhai et al, SynVisOth Var 262-283 1-4
kalium chloride-sodium 1993
chloride-water
carbon dioxide-trilaurin- Bamberger et al., AnPTCon 69 313 9.2-25
trimyristin-tripalmitin 1988
chlorophyUian pigments- Subra & Tufeu, AnTVarSpec n.a. 307,317 12-20
n-hexane 1990
coal oil-hydrogen Wiegand & AnPTCon n.a. 452-692 5.2-30.2
Strobd, 1988
2-methylpropane- Peng et al., 1988 AnTCapVar n.a. 413-433 6.3-10.6
petroleum residue
Table 29 (mmimmt)Multicomponent systems

Components Reference Exp. Method and Temp. l~essure
natural gas mixturea-- Gu et al., 1 9 9 3 AnTY n.a. 363 11.5-34.7
sulfur
n-pentane-- Peng et al., 1988 AnTCapVar n.a. 478-508 5.9-7.9
petroleum residue
petroleum pitch-toluene Bolaflos et al., 1991AnPTCon 30 57%656 5-14
Hochgeschurtz AnPTCon 30 578-655 5.5-14
et al., 1993
Hutchenson et al., An_gI'Con 30 595-674 2.8-7.8
1991
sour natural gas Gu et al., 1 9 9 3 AnTY n.a. 283-348 2.38-8.15
miTtures--suifur
Ar.knowt lg ,.-n
The authors thankfully acknowledge the help of E. Gutierrez Sahagun,
V. Haverkamp, M. Kiss, and T. Sch6b during the collection and evaluation
of the literature data. For fruitful discussions about the classification of
experimental methods, we would like to thank H. Renon. Financial sup-
port for this work was provided by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
with grant no. Do 337/2-2.
List of Symbols:
An analytical method
AnP analytical method: constant-pressure method
AnPT analytical method: constant-pressure-and-temperature method
AnT analytical method: constant-temperature method
Blo blocking off a sampling cell from the equil, cell before sampling
Cap sampling through capillaries
Con continuous-flow method
Lcir liquid-phase recirculation
n.a. not available; information is not given in the reference
n.m. not measured: e.g. T c was determined, but the pressure was not
measured
Oth other experimental methods (neither analytical nor synthetic)
Pc the critical pressure has been measured
Vc the critical temperature has been measured
Sem semi-flow method
Spec spectroscopic analysis of phase composition
Syn synthetic method
sy at synthetic method using the material balance

SynNon synthetic method: nonvisual detection of phase transitions
SynVis synthetic method: visual observation of phase transitions
Val sampling using a special valve
Var variable-volume cell
Vcir vapor-phase recirculation
VLcir recirculation of the vapor and the liquid phase
X only the composition of the liquid phase is given, e.g., solubilities
of gases in liquids
X to designate a component in a mixture, e.g. carbon dioxide + X
Y only the composition of the vapor phase is given, e.g., solubilities
of low-boiling substances in supercritical fluids
Y to designate a component in a mixture, e.g. binary systems: X+Y
Z to designate a component in a mixture, e.g. ternary systems:
X+ Y+Z
~e.lm
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73:285 - 321
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PJI

ELSEVIER Fluid Phase Equilibria 106 (1995) 213-282

rligh-Prm Flaid-Ph Equilibri

aTheaTnische Veffahrenstechnik, 772 Hamburg-Harbueg, 21071 Hambmg, Germany

0378-3812/95/$09.50 1995 - Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

needed to adjust interaction parameters of the model (Dohm, 1994).

The interest in high-pressure phase equilibria, which started in the

Experimental methods for the investigation of high-pressure phase

2.1 An ieatl m hocls

2.1.1 Constant-temperature methods ("ANT')

pressure plateau is sufficiently close to the desired value. Before analyzing

2.1.2 Constant-pressure-and-temperature methods ("AnP~)

2.1.2.1 Continuous-flow methods ( ~ ~ ' )

2.1.2.2 Semi-flow methods ('l~lPTSem')

valve (Sako et al., 1991b) or after expansion to atmospheric pressure. No

2.1.3 Constant-pressure methods ("AnF')

2.2.1 Visual synthetic methods ("$yn~ff')

vapor-liquid equilibria, but also to study complicated phase behavior, e.g.,

2.2.2 Non-visual synthetic methods ("$NnNon~)

2.2.3 Synthetic methods using the material balance ("$ynMat")

2.1 Other Methods

Table 2 (matiamd) Binary systems: carbon dioxide + X

Table 2 ( ~ Binary systems: carbon dioxide + X

Table 2 (ameamd} Binary systems: carbon dioxide + X

Table 2 ( m a i a u ~ Binary systems: carbon dioxide + X

Table 2 (cffi~mKl) Binary systems: carbon dioxide + X

Table 2 (tmenmd) Binary systems: carbon dioxide + X

Table 2 { ~ Binary systems: carbon dioxide + X

Table 3 (matia.~ Binary systems: m e t h a n e + X

Table 4 {amanml) Binary systems: chlorodifluoromethane (R22) + X

Table 8 (wiam~ Binary systems: ethane + X

Table 9 (mmiffium3 Binary systems: propane + X

Table 19 (mnaam~Binary systems: nitrogen + X

cycloheptane Christou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n.a 304-622 n.m.

cyclopentane Christou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n .a 511-622 n.m.

hexaethyldisiloxane Christou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n.a 622-693 n.m.

tetramethyltin Christou et al., 1991b SynVisTc n.a 521-622 n.m.

Table 23 (comimm0 Binary systems: X + Y

Table 23 (matina~ Binary systems: X + Y

Table 23 (mmim~I) Binary systems: X Y

Table 24 ( ~ m ~ ) T e r n a r y systems: carbon dioxide + X + Y

Table 24 (amtiau~ Ternary systems: carbon dioxide + X Y

Table 24 (omlamd) Ternary systems: carbon dioxide + X + Y

Table 27' (amaaa~ Ternary systems: water + X + Y

Table 28 (omtin,d) Ternary systems: X + Y + Z

Table 29 (matiaa~ Muhicomponent systems

Table 29 {mmimm~Mulficomponent systems

Table 29 (mmimmt)Multicomponent systems

sy at synthetic method using the material balance

(Ed.), Proc. of the Int. Symp. on Supercnt~cal l~mds, ~hce, l~rance: 27 - 34

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