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 Winter bivouac on Mount Kanin
in Slovenia: The modules for
the Alpine shelter were trans-
ported by helicopter to its ele-
vation at 2,260 m. The cabin
designed by Ofis arhitekti was
quickly installed by assistants
on site at the rocky outcrop
(pp. 34ff.).

Editorial
Sun, Wind and Climate Zones
When we speak of the context of architecture, the term
usually refers to the built environment or the historical back-
ground of a building. But the climatic conditions of a building
site are also contextually determined. These require specific
concepts that respond to factors such as heat and cold, fluc-
tuations in temperature, and snow loads. Not only elaborate
technical solutions are needed in this regard, but also design
approaches that integrate climate considerations into the
planning and construction process.
Our May issue focuses on bioclimatic construction and
introduces projects that have developed strategies for deal-
ing with climatic conditions in order to improve the quality
of indoor and outdoor spaces. Instead of costly high-tech
solutions, we compiled examples that approach regional
conditions with carefully planned, low-tech measures to great
effect from the subtropics in Malawi to the glacier region
of Norway and Mediterranean Europe. In Hanoi, a tube-style
house by Vo Trong Nghia Architects filters strong sunlight
through concrete slats, and allows air to circulate between
the floors to ventilate its deep, narrow spaces. To protect
from monsoon rains, the Dutch firm SchilderScholte devel-
oped a prototypical concept for a community center in Bang-
ladesh, that makes use of local bamboo and drains rainwater
off wide roof overhangs, which also provide shade.
Our documentation and technology articles in this issue
take you to a variety of climatic regions and countries, from
Lebanon to the Alps, Ecuador, and the United States. They
present convincing concepts for climate-responsive building,
addressing an important aspect of sustainability that is often
overlooked. A complementary perspective on these aspects
is provided in our latest issue of Detail green, which is includ-
ed inside our May issue and focuses on timber structures.
We hope it inspires you!

Sandra Hofmeister
redaktion@detail.de
Reports
1 Editorial
Sandra Hofmeister

4 The Small Miracle of Mannheim: Spinelli Participatory Student Building Project in Mannheim
Enrico Santifaller

6 19th Century Paris: Smart City With Charm

Frank Kaltenbach

Ry R y y yy

Discussion
10 Courtyard Houses in China How Climate Influences Typology
Zhu Tan

Documentation
18 House Renovation in Hanoi
Vo Trong Nghia Architects + Takashi Niwa

22 Cabin for Trekkers in the Okstindan Mountain Range

Jarmund Vigsns Arkitekter

28 Student Residence in Mbombela

Cohen and Garson

34 Winter bivouac in the Kanin Mountains

Ofis arhitekti

38 Maternity Waiting Homes in Kasungu

Mass Design Group

44 Research Institute in Cerdanyola del Valls

Harquitectes, Dataae

52 Community Centre in Rajarhat

SchilderScholte architects

56 Residence in Chacras
Natura Futura Arquitectura

Technology
60 High Comfort Low Impact: Climate-responsive Design Strategies
Transsolar, Najjar & Najjar Architects, Studio 804

Products
68 Facades
76 Interior Design
86 Solar Power, Solar Protection
92 CAD, Software and BIM

96 Service
R y yy y
y y
104 Contributors
Report
 4 2017 4
The Small Miracle of Mannheim: Spinelli
Participatory Student Building Project in Mannheim
Architecture: Studentengruppe Atelier U20/
TU Kaiserslautern
Photos: Yannick Wegner
Text: Enrico Santifaller
The Multihalle pavilion designed by Carl-
fried Mutschler, Joachim Langner, and Frei
Otto for the 1975 Federal Garden Exhibition
(Bundesgartenschau) was quickly
dubbed the miracle of Mannheim. While a
major initiative is currently underway to pre-
serve the wood lattice gridshell structure
that is pegged for demolition by the Man-
nheim city council, in 2016 another small
architectural miracle occurred in the same
city. A group of 18 architecture students
from the Kaiserslautern Technical Universi-
ty designed and built a community center
at the Spinelli refugee camp together with
25 refugees. The result is a decidedly sim-
ple yet wonderfully refined wooden struc-
2
1
ture. And the entire process, from initial
sketches to completion, took less than eight
months.
The student construction project is multifac-
eted, but based on an ordinary concept,
that of a wooden pavilion. To formulate the
task, Stefan Krtsch, a junior professor of
tectonics in timber construction, and Tatja-
na Drr, a lecturer on building culture, con-
sulted with refugees living at the needs-
oriented preliminary reception facility
(BEA), which was established by the state
of Baden-Wrttemberg in 2015 at the for-
mer Spinelli U.S. Army barracks. The refu-
gees expressed their wishes for a both
communal area and a place of retreat.
Additionally, the construction would have to
be quick and easy, as it would be built to-
gether with its users and local craftsmen.
Of the 15 student proposals submitted, a
jury chose a design by Sandra Gressung,
Sascha Ritschel, and Tobias Vogel. Togeth-
er, the students handled all of the planning
phases and visualizations, and lived in the
BEA during the construction phase.
The 500 m2 building ensemble includes two
courtyards. One is u-shaped and can ac-
commodate events with up to 200 people.
The second is enclosed with covered seat-
ing niches and a cherry tree. A succession
of smoothly interconnecting spaces pro-
vides opportunities for various kinds of use.
 2017 4
A great deal of thought was given to the
design of the rather complex construction.
The northern wall, 22 m long, forms the
structural backbone, whereby the bulk-
heads, cantilevers, and firmly bolted cross-
laminated timber roof panels work together
to bear the load. The semipermeable lattice
walls and trusses are made from five layers
of Douglas fir battens (3 5 cm) to com-
pensate for the woods low transverse ten-
sile strength. Filigree latticework was also
applied to the girder truss.
Together with the varied play of sunlight,
the lattice walls and trusses give the struc-
ture an ornamental, Oriental appearance.
This ornamentation, which is understood as
5
Reports 5
an inviting gesture, is not imposed, but re-
sults from the construction itself.
An award recognized the participants for
their engagement beyond the scope of
their studies. The valuable experiences that
the students gained through the project
likewise went far beyond the scope of their
studies.
Photos, Video:
www.detail.de/D5_2017_Spinelli
1 Enclosed courtyard with covered seating niches
2 Community area with open courtyard
3 Isometric, large support with latticework
4 Installation of a timber frame building element
5 Axonometric of the construction 4
6 2017 4
19th Century Paris: Smart City With Charm
Text: Frank Kaltenbach
The exhibition Paris Haussmann. A Models
Relevance presented at the Pavillon de
lArsenal addresses an aspect of Paris that
has until recently received little attention.
Neither the Grand Projets nor glorified nos-
talgia are the theme of this show, but rather
the future viability of a holistic urban model
from the 19th century.
Ideal City Without a Grid
The unique flair of Paris has been described
and celebrated in countless paintings, nov-
els, and films. So it is all the more surprising
that the Paris we know today can be traced
back to a single urban planner, without in
the least appearing like a standard, grid-
based city. Between 1852 and 1869 upon
orders by Napolon III, Baron Georges-Eu-
gne Haussmann, the prefect of the Seine
Department, had entire neighborhoods de-
molished to make room for wide boulevards
that sliced through the impenetrable convo-
lution of narrow streets. These would then
directly connect magnificent new land-
2 tion at the same time.
1
marks, such as the Arc de Triomphe, the
Opra, and the Dme des Invalides. The
boulevards were not primarily intended for
pedestrian flaneurs, but they were perfect
for the swift mobilization of the military forc-
es against a latently rebellious population.
But how well conceived is the Haussmann
model in terms of quality of life and efficien-
cy in a rapidly growing metropolis with all of
its challenges? According to what rules did
the geometric sectioning of the city occur?
How were issues of access and ownership
resolved? What measures were taken to en-
sure comfortable indoor climates, and to de-
termine the necessary residential density?
How does Paris compare in terms of effi-
ciency to other major cities, such as Barce-
lona or New York? What relevance does the
Haussmann model have for urban develop-
ment today and in the future?
Cartography and Analysis
It is no coincidence that the curators of the
exhibition are architects. With the Parisian
building projects undertaken through their
firm LAN (Local Architecture Network),
Benot Jallon and Umberto Napolitano have,
like many of their colleagues, confronted the
consequences of Haussmannian urban de-
sign with its unusually angular lots and
narrow courtyards. Their scientific and very
graphically refined analysis, which they pre-
pared together with the architect and engi-
neer Franck Boutt, dismantles Hauss-
manns Paris into its typical street profiles,
plaza proportions, and building typologies.
Here, historical drawings and plans are pre-
sented alongside archival and present-day
photographs. Particular attention has been
given to the profile and organization of the
ordinary residential block, which in all its
variations seems to have resulted incidental-
ly from the large-scale connecting lines of
the boulevards that defined its every rela-
tionship, from the public space, to the build-
ing lot, and the individual apartment unit.
The visible surface of the Haussmannian
standard can be found in a catalogue of
decorative elements that includes innumera-
ble variations of cast iron railings and balco-
nies, as well as ornamental stonework to
frame portals and windows..
Representative, Sustainable, Efficient
What is revealed throughout the entire study
is summarized at the end in a chapter dedi-
cated to efficiency. From a contemporary
perspective, Haussmanns model city is not
only the formal and strategic articulation of
representational architecture by a newly as-
sertive monarchy. It is also a future city for
industrial society, a sustainable smart city
that is in many ways superior to modern
urban planning in terms of measurable crite-
ria, such as energy efficiency, space effi-
ciency, living standards, and mobility. With
pedestrians comprising 53 % of its overall
traffic, Paris surpasses other cities world-
wide. Indeed, it has always been suspected
that the charming facades of this city of fla-
neurs would harbor hidden qualities. The
exhibition and its accompanying catalogue
are thus both a revelation and a confirma-
 2017 4 Reports 7

Exhibition: Pavillon de lArsenal, Paris

until 4 June, catalogue: Park Books, Zurich,
in collaboration with Editions du Pavillon de lArsenal,
Paris:
Benot Jallon, Umberto Napolitano, Franck Boutt
(eds.), Zurich / Paris 2017,
200
text english/french, 264 pages,
ISBN 978-3-03860-052-7, 39,

1 Place Charles de Gaulle with Arc de Triomphe

186

2, 3, 5 Rue Eugne Sue et Rue Simart, 18. Arron-

dissement, 1830 and today
4 View to Arc de Triomphe

3 Photos: www.detail.de/D5_2017_Haussmann

5
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p. 14 middle: from: Qiuxiang Li, Deyin
Luo, Jun Jia: Chinese vernacular
Review of Arch tecture and Construction Details Bioclimatic Construction Vol. 2017 4
house: Vernacular houses in north
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Beijing 2010, p. 75 76 (Orig. Chin.)
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Project in Mannheim
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Discussion
 10
Courtyard Houses in China
How Climate Influences Typology
Text: Zhu Tan
Origin and Basic Elements
The courtyard house is an iconic form of
traditional Chinese housing, found predom-
inantly in the central and eastern coastal
areas of China. Originally based on the ag-
ricultural economy, the courtyard house re-
flects the close relationship between its in-
habitants and nature, with variations re-
sponding to prevailing climatic conditions.
Built around a central rectangular yard,
courtyard houses have relatively generic in-
terior spaces; their actual functions are de-
termined by their position and orientation.
In order to take advantage of sun- light and
winds, key spaces are usually located
along the main axis of the house and face
2
1
south. Less important and functional rooms
are located at lower levels and face north
the cooler and more shaded side of the
building. Secondary buildings are located
on the courtyards two long sides. In this
way, the buildings surrounding the court-
yard also constitute a hierarchical unit that
reflects the traditional Confucian social or-
der. At a larger scale, single-courtyard
dwellings are easily combined to form a
sizable compound, with the individual
courtyard building being flexible enough to
accommodate other uses not just a resi-
dence but also government offices, a
school, or temple. Able to grow in size and
complexity from a single courtyard to a
2017 4
multi-courtyard compound, and then a vil-
lage or city, the system represents a unified
organic entity. Over the centuries, waves of
migration took the courtyard building tradi-
tion from more saturated areas to the fron-
tier. While sharing a similar basic pattern,
the courtyard house varies in form, propor-
tion, and scale to reveal distinct attributes
responding to the circumstances at hand,
from geographic and climatic conditions
and the availability of local building materi-
als, to different forms of social organization.
Materials and Climate Zones
Chinas basic construction material in the
pasttime was timber. Traditionally, it was
 2017 4 Discussion 11

1 Ancient city of Beijing

2 Courtyard house in Jinshan
3, 4 Plan and perspective of a typical siheyuan
5 Siheyuan Courtyard Houses in Beijing

3 4

chosen not because the country was par-

ticularly rich in timber resources but be-
cause people believed that wood could
form the most reasonable structure.
The ancient Chinese grasped the technolo-
gy of these structures and could easily pre-
pare standardized modular components
from cut timber. A durable structure could
then be assembled very quickly using join-
ery or doweling without the need for glue or
nails. While timber was usually chosen for
the primary structure throughout different
regions, the building envelopes differ ac-
cording to the availability of local materials.
These vary according to climate and geo-
graphical conditions, the most common
materials being earth (in the form of fired
brick, adobe, or rammed earth) and stone.

Siheyuan Courtyard House in Beijing

The Beijing-style siheyuan is found through-
out northern China. Siheyuan means a
quadrangle (si means four), a courtyard
surrounded by buildings on all four sides.
The city of Beijing has a long history as a
center of political activity reaching back
thousands of years. As the capital of the
Ming and Qing Dynasties from the 14th to
the 20th centuries, it was established ac-
cording to planning principles derived from
Confucian philosophy. Following these prin-
ciples, the layout of the city was built ac-
cording to a strict geometrical pattern:
centralized and symmetrical with a clear
axis (fig.1).
The Beijing siheyuan inherited the citys de-
sign principles. The standard, single-story
siheyuan has three courtyards aligned on
the vertical north-south axis and the build-
ings are arranged symmetrically. The first
and third courtyards are narrow, serving as
corridors linking the subsidiary functional
buildings on the south and north bounda-
ries (fig. 3, 4).
The second courtyard in the middle serves
as the main activity space. The building on
the axis facing south is for the family elders
with their high household status. The sec-
ondary buildings on the east and west
sides are for the younger generations. 5
 12 Courtyard Houses in China How Climate Influences Typology 2017 4

6 7

All the buildings are connected by galleries
and face the inner courtyards. The siheyu-
an is enclosed by the buildings window-
less back walls and connecting walls, pro-
viding its inhabitants with an inward-look-
ing, autonomous realm.
A vital task of housing in this region is to in-
sulate against the summer heat and winter
cold. The spaciousness of the main court-
yard welcomes sunlight during the dark
winter months, while the enclosure defends
against the cold northwest winds. Trees
planted in the courtyards offer shade in
summer. The skeleton structures of Beijing
siheyuan are made from timber, while the
brick envelope walls maintain a steady tem-
perature inside the rooms. Thick roofs pro-
vide additional insulation and slope to
quickly drain the torrential summer rains.
Zhaiyuan Narrow Courtyard House in
Jinshan
A regional variation of the siheyuan court-
yard house can be found in Jinshan, an ar-
ea in central China covering Shanxi and
Shaanxi provinces. While the courtyard
houses here preserve the organizational
pattern of the Beijing siheyuan, the propor-
tions between length and width is more
pronounced at 2:1, and sometimes even
more extreme, reaching 5:1 (fig. 6, 7).
There were different reasons to build
around a narrow courtyard. Jinshan is lo-
cated on the Loess Plateau in Chinas
monsoon climate zone, with short, hot sum-
mers with little rainfall, and cold, dry winters
with strong winds and dust storms blowing
in from the northwest. In response to the
climate, the side buildings are placed clos-
er together to protect the inner courtyard
space and the courtyard-facing facades
from the elements. In summer, the narrow-
set buildings cast their cool shadow on the
courtyard, minimizing exposure to direct
sun (fig. 8). The long, thin courtyard with its
entrance at the southeast corner allows a
refreshing breeze to enter the house, mak-
ing indoor temperatures cooler and more

8
 2017 4 Discussion 13

6, 7 Zhaiyuan, narrow courtyard house in Jinshan

floor plan and perspective
8 Zhaiyuan, narrow courtyard in Yuncheng
9 13 Sunken yaodong cave dwellings
9 Yaodong entrance

comfortable. Over time, merchants filled the

cities, which became more densely built.
Families with businesses competed for the
limited spaces facing the main street for
their shops. As a result, courtyards were re-
duced in width, and expanded in length by
adding new courtyards along the main axis.
According to architectural convention re-
flecting the social hierarchy, the further the
building from the entrance, the more impor-
tant the status of the rooms and its inhabit-
ants, and the taller they should be. The nar-
row courtyard houses of Jinshan have tim-
ber frames with envelopes made of high
quality, locally produced bricks. Roofs in
this region have a single slope that angles
into the narrow inner courtyard. This allows
rainwater to drain into the courtyard for col-
lection, while the higher outer walls protect-
ed families from harsh storms and potential
burglars.

Xiachenshi Yaodong Sunken Cave

Dwellings on the Loess Plateau
In some areas of the Loess Plateau in cen-
tral China, the loess fine soil deposited by
wind storms over millennia is hundreds of
meters thick. Commonly found in the north
central provinces such as Shanxi, Shaanxi,
Gansu and Henan, which are located on
the Loess Plateau, the cave dwelling or ya-
odong is an ancient housing method that
makes practical use of the available natural
resources. Yaodong means kiln cave,
referring to its vaulted interior that resem-
bles the inside of a kiln. There are different
types of yaodong, depending on the spe-
cific topographic conditions.
Where there are hills and valleys, dwellings
can be dug horizontally into loess slopes,
and often feature a terrace or courtyard in
front of the dwelling. Where the ground is
flat and dry, dwellings are dug down into
the earth, in sunken courtyards (fig. 9 13).
In the sunken yaodong, a deep square or
rectangle is first excavated to create a cen-
tral courtyard, often around 10 m deep with
each side 9 to 12 m long. Within this re-
cessed courtyard, each of the four vertical
side walls provides a surface into which 9
 14 Courtyard Houses in China How Climate Influences Typology 2017 4

9 13 Sunken yaodong cave dwellings

11,12 Sunken yaodong cave dwellings,
sections and floor plan
14, 15 Tianjingyuan skywell house in Jiangxi

10

one or two rooms can be dug and connect-

ed by tunnels. Separate chambers are
used as bedrooms, kitchens, toilet, storage,
and animal stalls as required. Entry from
the ground surface is along a ramp cut into
the soil. Yaodong have gained recent atten-
tion as examples of sustainable design.
Only local material is required to build
them, and none of it goes to waste. Thick
earthen walls keep rooms warm in winter,
cool in summer, and perfectly noise-proof.
In a region where farmland is limited, yao-
dong are a land-saving typology: they do
not take away potential farmland, but are
built on ground that is already unsuited for
11 12 farming.

13
 2017 4 Discussion 15

14

Tianjingyuan Skywell House in Jiangxi

The tianjingyuan or skywell house is typi-
cal of Jiangxi province, which belongs to
the middle and lower regions of the Yang-
tze River in southeast China. This type of
enclosed architecture differs from the
siheyuan, in that the skywell (fig. 15) and its
surrounding rooms is not a quadrangle of
separate buildings, but a single building.
The skywell itself is considerably smaller
than the siheyuan courtyard. Its typical
length to width ratio is 2:1 or 3:2; between
height and width it is 1:1.5 to 1:2. Jiangxi
lies in the subtropical monsoon climate
zone with substantial rainfall during the
spring and summer, causing the warm
weather seasons to be hot and humid. The
skywell plays an important role in the
houses drainage system, fosters air circu-
lation, and provides natural light. While the
skywell is too small for major outdoor activi-
ty, it is a functional space in the house. The
surrounding rooms usually have one or two
floors, and their tiled sloping roofs intersect
to tightly frame the skywell. With the visual
focus placed on the vertical axis, the sur-
rounding rooms, regardless of their impor-
tance, are usually decorated with ornate
woodwork. Because winters are not cold,
but summers are hot in this southern re-
gion, the rooms are generally designed to
open up entirely to the skywell through re-
movable doors or large windows. Exterior
windows are seldom, making the skywell
the primary source of illumination for these
rooms, with its narrow opening diffusing the
hot summer sunlight. Rainwater that pours
into the skywell from the sloping roofs is al-
lowed to permeate the soil directly or is col-
lected and channeled out of the building
through an underground drainage system.

Wufeng Lou Five Phoenix House

in Fujian
We cant forget tulou when considering ver-
nacular courtyard housing in China. From
the 3rd to 13th centuries, large clans migrat-
ed south from central China to the mountain-
ous areas of Fujian province. Here they built
enclosed residential compounds using tim- 15
 16 Courtyard Houses in China How Climate Influences Typology
Photos:
www.detail.de/D5_2017_Hofhuser_China
16, 17 Wufeng Lou, Five Phoenix House in Fujian
Zhu Tan studied architecture in Beijing and at the
Politecnico in Milan, where she lives and works today
(see p. 104).
ber from the nearby mountains and rammed
earth dug out from the building site. These
were called tulou, meaning earthen dwell-
ings, which emphasizes their strong, solid
outside walls. Tulou were built in various
shapes; the wufeng lou (fig. 16,17) is an
early prototype that strongly influenced the
dwelling typology of the southern coastal
region, and its form remained popular
throughout the region. Its site selection, plan
organization, and use of natural elements
follow the principles of feng shui, the Chi-
nese philosophical system traditionally ap-
plied to architecture that strives toward har-
mony between nature and human beings.
Its rectangular shape is an adaptation of the
17
16
northern siheyuan. Wufeng lou means five Water collected in the pond can be used for
phoenix house and refers to the perfect
unity of the five elements or virtues repre-
sented by the front, central, rear, left, and
right buildings.A good example of a classic
wufeng lou is the famous Yulong Lou in
Yongding county in southwest Fujian. It has
three central halls and two side buildings. In
accordance with feng shui, it is situated with
the hill behind it, which blocks the cold wind
in winter, while a crescent-shaped pond in
front of the compound channels a cool
breeze in summer. Vegetation on the hill
helps to conserve soil and water, optimize
the microclimate, and provides fruit and tim-
ber. Building on a slope avoids flooding.
2017 4
drinking, irrigation, aquaculture, and fire
protection. The symmetrically arranged
buildings rise up gradually, allowing the
small courtyards to receive ample sunlight.
The wufeng lou follows the Chinese archi-
tectural principles of bilateral symmetry and
social hierarchy. The most important spac-
es, being the main entrance, family hall,
family temple, and the elders rooms are on
the central axis and arranged from low to
high reflecting status, while rooms for
younger generations are located in the side
buildings.The name Tuolou emphasizes the
feature of the outside walls which are made
by earth.
Documentation
18 2017 4

House Renovation in Hanoi

Architecture: Vo Trong Nghia Architects +

Takashi Niwa
Photos: Hoang Le

Long, narrow sites determine the character
of the district of the 36 lanes in Hanois old
town. In this densely developed quarter a
renovated six-storey house on a plot only
2.80 metres wide and 33 metres deep dem-
onstrates how, despite unusual building pro-
portions, a sense of spatial generosity can
be achieved. At the same time the quality of
the living space was improved by making
optimal use of natural ventilation and green-
ing the building.In this regard the double
layers of the street faade play a most im-
portant role. Horizontal precast concrete
louvers filter the strong sunlight and hinder
views into the building. They also create an
intermediate zone up to 4 metres deep
which accommodates planting troughs that
are luxuriantly planted with shrubs and small
trees.
To improve the ventilation of this deep
house, particularly during the hot, moist
summers, the architects removed the exist-
ing reinforced concrete stairs at the centre
of the building. It had hindered the circula-
tion of air between the rooms that face the
street and the rear half of the house, which
contained dark, stuffy spaces that were un-
suitable for living or sleeping in.
The new lightweight stairs built of wood and
steel allows both air and light to flow verti-
cally through the house. A translucent glass
footbridge beside the stairs connects the
front and rear of the building and brings the
daylight that enters through the roof-light
and the glass block walls deep into the inte-
rior. The air circulation is aided by a shaft
beside the lift that extends the height of the
building. Access to the five-storey dwelling
is from the art gallery on the ground floor. A
lift and a separate single-flight staircase at
the rear of the gallery bring you to the dwell-
ing: from the entrance to the apartment you
have a view through the entire length of the
house to the planted street front with the
vertical garden that rises through several
storeys. This heightens the impression of
generosity and mediates between the intro-
verted house and the busy urban space.

Site plan
scale 1:1250 7
Floor plans 13
scale 1:250 14
1 Entrance 13
2 Art gallery 9
3 Lift Fifth floor
4 Balcony
5 Living room
6 Lobby
7 Void
8 Dining room
9 Glass floor 7 12
10 Kitchen
11 Bar 9 12
12 Bedroom
13 Roof terrace Third floor
14 Prayer room

7
11

10
9 8
Second floor

6 5 4
First floor

a 3

2 1
a
Ground floor
 2017 4 Documentation 19
20 House Renovation in Hanoi 2017 4

Section
scale 1:400

aa
 2017 4 Documentation 21

2
3

Vertical section
scale 1:20

1 roof terrace construction:

300/300/25 mm terracotta slabs
30 50 mm mortar
10 mm bitumen membrane sealing layer
4 60 mm concrete slab
90 mm air layer
10 mm bitumen membrane sealing layer
150 mm reinforced concrete slab
2 single glazing in aluminium frame
3 75/150/2650 mm reinforced
concrete louver
4 240/360 mm reinforced concrete beam
5 floor construction 2nd floor:
2 18 mm bamboo parquet
2 mm rubber mat
30 mm mortal levelling layer
150 mm reinforced concrete slab
9.5 mm plasterboard suspended ceiling,
painted
6 120 mm reinforced concrete parapet
10 mm bitumen membrane sealing layer
20 mm mortar; drainage
6
7 10 mm fibre cement panel
8 720 820 mm earth
5 2 mm porous membrane
25 mm drainage panel; 20 mm mortar
10 mm bitumen membrane sealing layer
150 mm reinforced concrete
planting trough

5
22
Cabin for Trekkers in the
Okstindan Mountain Range
Architecture: Jarmund Vigsns Arkitekter
Photos: Jan Inge Larsen, Svein Arne
Brygfjeld, Tommy Eliassen
In the spectacular glacier region of the Ok-
stindan Mountain Range during winter eve-
rything seems to disappear in a white land-
scape utterly devoid of shadow. Low tem-
peratures, storms and snow drifts presented
the architects with considerable difficulties
in designing a cabin for the Norwegian Trek-
king Association which those seeking shel-
ter could find even in a snow storm and
which, thanks to its aerodynamic silhouette,
presents a minimal surface area to the driv-
ing wind and snow. Two chimneys, visible
from a distance, project from the Rabot
Tourist Cabin, named after glaciologist
Charles Rabot. The extreme climatic condi-
tions exerted a strong influence on the de-
sign. The average snow loads of 9.5 kN/m2
and the heavy winds provided the basis for
dimensioning the closely spaced timber
frame. Local volunteers helped to erect the
simply detailed cabin, the individual ele-
ments were transported by helicopter from
the sawmill. The silvery grey colour of the
spruce cladding was produced by applying
a protective coating of ferrous sulphate. In
response to the frequent heavy snow drifts
two entrances, positioned opposite each
other, were made to ensure access to the
building. A mezzanine floor at the centre
with kitchen below and gallery above di-
vides the cabin into two parts, which can be
separated by means of sliding doors and
can be heated independently by one of the
wood-burning stoves. The higher communal
2017 4
spaces on either side have large windows
that offer fine views of the mountain range or
the valley. On sunny days the double glaz-
ing ensures comfortable temperatures and
plenty of light. It was originally planned to
use triple glazing throughout the building to
provide optimal insulation. Due to the differ-
ence in altitude between the location of the
production facility and the cabin, which
stands at 1200 metres above sea level,
pressure equalization would be necessary
in the cavity between the panes of glass in
order to avoid the excessive bending stress
and visual distortions that can arise particu-
larly with triple glazing. Consequently, the
architects confined the use of such glazing
to the sleeping areas.
 2017 4 Documentation 23

aa bb

13 15

14 13

13 15

16 13

11

First floor
cc

5
Site plan 5 Entrance
scale 1:1500 6 Dry toilet
6 Floor plans 7 Dining room
10 10
Sections 8 Kitchen
scale 1:250 9 Living room
10 Bedroom
1 Cabin with 11 Store
a 7 8 9 a services 12 Wood
2 Main cabin store
3 Planned 13 Void
11 rescue hut 14 Gallery
b 10 10 10 b 4 Okstindtjnna 15 Bunk bed
Lake 16 Services
12 10

Ground floor c
24 Cabin for Trekkers in the Okstindan Mountain Range 2017 4

1 22 mm impregnated pine boards in 2 32 mm pine treated with 5 15 mm pine floorboards,

different widths: 95, 145, 205 mm ferrous sulphate 22 mm chipboard, vapour barrier
22/48 mm battens 2 36/72 mm battens, wind barrier 250/48mm laminated veneer lumber
36 mm back ventilation space 9 mm vapour permeable asphalt panel joists with mineral wool insulation
36/48 mm battens 198/48 mm timber studs with mineral between them; wind barrier
waterproof roofing felt wool insulation between them 15 mm bitumen-coated fibreboard
2 12 mm chipboard vapour barrier 36/100 mm battens
36/48 mm battens 48/48 mm battens with mineral wool 6 15 mm pine treated with
vapour barrier insulation between them ferrous sulphate
12 mm chipboard 15 mm pine treated with ferrous sulphate 90/315 mm glulam joists with mineral
300/48 mm laminated veneer lumber 3 115/225 mm glulam beam wool insulation between
joists with mineral wool insulation 4 Double glazing: 15 mm pine, painted
between them; vapour barrier 12.8 mm laminated safety glass + 7 115/320 mm glulam beam
48/48 mm battens 15 mm cavity + 6 mm toughened glass 8 40 mm birch-veneered chipboard
15 mm pine treated with U = 1.1 W/m2K, sliding door
ferrous sulphate in pine / aluminium frame 9 115/180 mm glulam post

Horizontal sections 1
Vertical section
scale 1:20

9 4
8
d d
dd

e e

5
 2017 4 Documentation 25

4 2

ee
26 Cabin for Trekkers in the Okstindan Mountain Range 2017 4

6 2

ff

1
Horizontal sections
Vertical section
scale 1:20

1 22 mm impregnated pine boards mineral wool insulation

in different widths: 95, 145, between them
205 mm 15 mm pine, painted
22/48 mm battens 3 15 mm pine, painted
36 mm back ventilation space 13 mm plasterboard panel
36/48 mm battens 98/48 mm timber studs with
waterproof roofing felt mineral wool insulation
2 12 mm chipboard between them
36/48 mm battens 4 28/220 mm birch-veneered
vapour barrier plywood 2
12 mm chipboard 5 20 mm pine floorboards
300/48 mm laminated veneer 22 mm chipboard panel
lumber joists with mineral wool 250/48 mm laminated veneer
insulation between them lumber joists with mineral
vapour barrier wool insulation between them
battens 48/48 mm 48/48 mm battens
15 mm pine, painted 15 mm pine, painted
6 triple glazing: 5
2 32 mm pine treated with
ferrous sulphate 4 mm toughened glass +
2 36/72 mm battens 12 mm cavity + 4 mm toughened
wind barrier glass + 12 mm cavity +
9 mm vapour diffusing asphalt 4 mm toughened glass
panel U-value = 0.8 W/m2K
198/48 mm timber studs with in pine/aluminium frame
mineral wool insulation 7 250/700 mm reinforced concrete
between them foundation
vapour barrier 8 100 mm downpipe
48/48 mm battens with 9 anodised aluminium flashing

f f

7
 2017 4 Documentation 27

6 2 9

ff

Video: www.detail.de/D5_2017_Jarmund
28 2017 4

Student Residence in Mbombela

Architecture: Cohen and Garson

Photos: Richard Wilson

The University of Mpumalanga is one of

the two new universities founded in South
Africa since the ending of apartheid. It is 11
located on the grounds of the former tech-
nical high-school, somewhat outside Mbom-
bela, in the moist and warm eastern region
of the country. In summer the highest day-
time temperatures are generally around
30 C, in winter the thermometer can drop
occasionally to below 10 C. However, due
to the towns high altitude extreme heat is
1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1
rare as is frost.
The existing buildings of the technical high-
school dating from the 1980s were convert-
ed to serve as the university and new build-
ings, all in red brick, were designed by four
1st floor
South African architecture offices. The stu- b
dent residence by Cohen and Garson con-
sists of six individual buildings that are ac-
cessed by a network of narrow lanes and
9
external flights of steps. At the centre of the a
10 a
complex they expand to form a small public
square that is shaded by trees. In each of
the four corner buildings an open stairs
leads to two nine-person residential commu-
nities per floor. The two central buildings ac-
commodate communal and seminar rooms
on the lower floors.
From outside the complex the residences
1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1
appear closed with narrow windows and
balconies recessed in vertical incisions
made in the buildings. In contrast towards
the courtyards they open up far more, which
Upper ground floor b
ensures that the apartments can be effec-
tively cross-ventilated. The brick walls con-
sist of two leaves without internal insulation,
the ventilated cavity forming an additional
3 4
climatic buffer. All the windows have single
glazing and, as is usual in South Africa,
they open outwards, which also facilitates
3 3 3 3
natural ventilation. On the north side double
glazing would have made better sense in
energy terms but could not be afforded. In
the building complex only the seminar
rooms and the large communal room are
actively cooled. For cost reasons the apart- 5 7
1 2 1 1 2 1
ments have neither heating nor air condi-
tioning. However, the architects made provi- 6 8
sions to allow electric wall mounted heaters
to be fitted later.
Lower ground floor
 2017 4 Documentation 29

aa bb

Site plan 4 Student

scale 1:5000 centre
Floor plans 5 Meeting room
Sections 6 Box store
scale 1:750 7 Matrons office
8 Staff facility
1 Student apartment 9 Laundry
2 Courtyard 10 Games room
3 Seminar room 11 Roof terrace
30 Student Residence in Mbombela 2017 4

my *y 1
scale 1:20

3 2

c c

9
5
3

10

11

12
 2017 4 Documentation 31

1 200 mm reinforced concrete roof slab

2 300 mm reinforced concrete column
7 3 230/245 mm reinforced concrete beam
4 230/230 mm reinforced concrete beam
5 514/514/190 mm concrete frame element
without reinforcement
6 concrete window grille, mesh reinforced
7 ceramic tile cladding
5 8 350 mm brick parapet
9 75 mm brick paving, mortar bed; sealing layer
4
cement screed laid to falls 50 mm
255 mm reinforced concrete floor slab
10 25 mm cement tile flooring;
50 mm cement screed,
5
255 mm reinforced concrete floor slab
11 50 mm brick flooring
360/100 mm prefabricated reinforced concrete
6 element
12 25 mm cement tile flooring;
50 mm cement screed
85 mm reinforced concrete ground floor slab
cc
32 Student Residence in Mbombela 2017 4

Vertical section
scale 1:20

1 230/55 mm concrete coping

2 standing seam steel sheeting,
colour galvanised 4
38/50 mm pine battens
3 38/114 mm pine beam
4 70 mm thermal insulation
plasterboard suspended ceiling
5 115/110 mm prestressed
reinforced concrete lintel
(precast element) 5
6 window: single glazing in
aluminium frame
(outward opening sash)
7 10 mm black ceramic tile window sill
6
8 220/110/75 mm brick facing leaf
115 mm ventilated cavity
220/110/75 mm brick inner leaf 7
plaster
9 mortar wedge
10 25 mm ceramic tile flooring
50 mm cement screed
255 mm reinforced concrete
floor slab 8
11 75/75/5 mm steel angle
12 230 mm brick plinth 10

10

11

12
 2017 4 Documentation 33
34
Winter bivouac in the Kanin Mountains
Architecture: Ofis arhitekti
Photos: Janez Martincic
The Kanin mountain range, which straddles
the Slovenian-Italian border, is a popular
goal for both ramblers and skiing enthusi-
asts. Shimmering amidst the rocky land-
scape a small, slender volume stands on a
mountain saddle at an altitude of 2260 me-
tres a bivouac that offers shelter and
serves as very simple accommodation dur-
ing the winter months when the neighbour-
ing mountain cabin is closed. The bivouac
box is exposed to a high Alpine climate
characterized by storms, extreme differenc-
es of temperature and heavy snowfall. It is
one of several prototypes with which the ar-
chitects are researching building under ex-
treme climatic conditions and testing form,
construction and materials.
The tiny cabin on Kanin is a compact
wooden volume, clad in aluminium, only
2.40 metres wide and 4.90 metres long.
Fixed to the concrete foundation by means
of steel plates, it is additionally secured by
six steel cables. Half of the building pro-
jects above the rock face, the narrow end
wall facing down the valley is almost entire-
ly glazed. On a floor area of just 10 square
2017 4
Sections
Floor plan
scale 1:100
metres the interior consists of two distinct
spaces: the benches and shelving in the
front part are adjoined by three platforms
offering sleeping spaces for up to nine per-
sons. Through the fixed glazing in the pan-
orama window, while lying down you can
enjoy a view that on clear days extends as
far as the Adriatic.
The 6 cm thick three-ply panels with a sim-
ply sanded surface give the space a warm
and pleasant atmosphere. Opening perfo-
rated elements in the floor and on the up-
per edge of the wall opposite provide natu-
ral cross ventilation.
As this region can be reached only on foot bb
or by helicopter the bivouac had to be
transported by helicopter, which was taken
into account in calculating the size and
weight of the modules. The timber ele-
ments, the glazing and the other building
parts were flown to the location. Volunteers
put the parts together on site, fitted thermal
insulation, wind bracing and the external
envelope of composite aluminium panels,
and completed the mountain shelter in the
space of just threedays.
aa
a a
b
 2017 4 Documentation 35
36 Winter bivouac in the Kanin Mountains 2017 4

Isometric
exploded view of interior
 2017 4 Documentation 37

Vertical section 4 screw to secure steel cable as

scale 1:10 wind bracing
5 60 mm three-ply cross laminated timber
1 wall construction: sleeping platform, sanded
4 mm aluminium composite panel 6 floor:
40/45 mm timber battens, between them 60 mm three-ply cross laminated timber
air cavity 7 4 mm steel sheeting
2 4 mm two-ply foil as sealing layer 8 aluminium door frame
45/50 mm timber battens, 9 door leaf:
between them 4 mm composite
50 mm mineral wool thermal insulation aluminium panel
60 m three-ply cross laminated timber, on aluminium frame with
sanded 90 mm thermal insulation
2 triple glazing U = 0.5 W/m2K, g = 33 %, in 50 mm plywood
aluminium frame 10 120 mm screw
3 100/100/8 mm steel angle and 11 200/700/4 mm flat steel fixed to
100/200 flat steel, coated black-grey reinforced concrete foundation

Video: www.detail.de / D5_2017_Ofis

7
8

6 10

11
38
Maternity Waiting Homes in Kasungu
Architecture: Mass Design Group
Photos: Iwan Baan
In Malawi in south-east Africa people spend
most of their time outdoors. It is therefore
most important that buildings should offer
sufficient protection against sun and heavy
rainfall. The Maternity Waiting Village, a vil-
lage-type complex where pregnant women
can stay while awaiting the birth of their
child, also provides basic medical care
services. The mortality rate among mothers
and newborn children in rural Malawi is
high, as pregnant women often have to trav-
el long distances to reach the nearest medi-
cal facility, in the process endangering their
own life and that of their child. The archi-
tects of the Mass Design Group, who have
been designing humanitarian facilities for a
considerable time, developed a prototype
for the Health Ministry that is influenced by
traditional building forms in the region and is
located not far from the regional hospital.
There are three groups, each consisting of
three lower buildings which accommodate
sleeping areas and sanitary facilities and
are arranged around small courtyards, the
clusters are completed by communal spac-
es. To create agreeable conditions for
spending time outdoors the steeply sloping
roofs project far beyond the walls. They are
connected with each other by gutters that
direct rainwater into a drainage system in
the ground. The timber roof construction
forms a second skin above the actual build-
2017 4
ings, which consequently hardly come into
contact with the rain or direct sunlight. Air
can circulate freely in the space in-between,
ensuring that the rooms below remain cool.
Opening louvers and brick screens with
gaps between the bricks allow the buildings
to be cross-ventilated. The solid walls are
built of unfired bricks pressed into shape on
site by local people. Load-bearing piers
projecting out of the walls create shady
niches in which benches invite people to
rest for a while. Each group of buildings has
a roofed veranda that also offers plenty of
seating. Large infiltration surfaces between
the groups of buildings prevent rainwater
from ponding on the outdoor areas.
 2017 4 Documentation 39

1 Dry toilets
2
2 Toilets/ Washing area
3 3 Bedroom
4
4 Veranda
5 5 Kitchen
10
6 7 8 6 Dining area
3 7 Consultation room
11 8 Battery store
9 Drainage system
3 10 Courtyard with
sand bed / flood zone
11 Communal courtyard
9

Site plan
scale 1:1000
X # y
scale 1:250

aa

c b

bb
2

a 3 10 3 a

3
cc

c b
40 Maternity Waiting Homes in Kasungu 2017 4

Axonometric of roof truss

X # y
scale 1:100

1
1 Truss made of pine sections
2 240/200 mm concrete ring beam
3 Concrete slab as cooking area with open fire
beneath
4 Sink
5 Tabletop for preparing food 2
6 Eating area / veranda
7 Bench, 90 mm concrete slab
8 Wall of compressed stabilised earth blocks
240/140/90 mm
9 Ventilation screen of earth blocks

7
4 4 3 8

dd

d d
6 4
4
3

7
 2017 4 Documentation 41
42 Maternity Waiting Homes in Kasungu 2017 4

1
e

5
e

7
8

10

11

14 14

12

13
16

17

15
 2017 4
5 4
Vertical section
6 scale 1:20
1 37 mm trapezoidal steel sheet,
galvanised, coated
100/50 mm timber section
150/50 mm timber section
2 150/5 mm fibre cement panel
3 2 100/50 mm timber sections
4 2 150/50 mm timber sections
5 50/100 mm timber section
on diagonal
6 2 6 mm fibre cement panels with
50/50 mm timber sections
7 between them, battens
7 240/200 mm concrete ring beam,
top finished to fall
8 8 Doubled window frame
50/20 mm blind frame, varnished
9 Mechanical louver window
ee 6 mm float glass, fixed at sides
Documentation 43
in aluminium track
10 90/300 mm concrete sill
11 wall
240/140/90 mm compressed
stabilised earth blocks (CSEB)
15 mm render
12 100 mm reinforced concrete
slab, membrane
25 mm sand bed
13 bituminous coating
14 bench seat
90/500 mm concrete slab
on compressed earth blocks
240/140/90 mm
15 700/200 mm reinforced concrete
foundation
16 concrete drainage channel
17 15 mm render with
bituminous coating
400/200 mm hollow blocks
filled with concrete
44
Research Institute in Cerdanyola del Valls
Architecture: Harquitectes, Dataae
Photos: Adri Goula
The research institute on the campus of the
University of Barcelona (UAB) focuses on
environmental sciences and palaeontology.
The demands made on the sustainability of
the new building complex, in which lecture
halls, offices and laboratories are accommo-
dated on five floors, are accordingly high.
Car parking areas and storage rooms are
organized on two further floors below ground
level. The hot, moist summers in Catalonia
and the sizable heat loads that arise in the
high-tech spaces called for a carefully con-
sidered ventilation strategy. The architects
grouped insulated wooden cubes around
four atriums that serve as buffer zones. An
economical industrial greenhouse system
encloses the entire block in polycarbonate
panels that can be opened. In summer hot
air rises in the facade and in the light-wells,
which extend the entire height of the build-
ing, and escapes at the top through roof
vents. At the same time the air that is drawn
into the building is pre-cooled in a one metre
high hollow space beneath the basement
and then directed into the atriums. In the
winter the facade vents remain closed and
the air behind the synthetic panels warms
the courtyards and the office cubes, which
are equipped with ventilation flaps. With its
thick floor slabs the reinforced concrete
structure represents a considerable thermal
mass. Thehollow tubes at the centre of the
2017 4
slabs distribute air that is conditioned by
borehole heat exchangers and also reduce
the slabs own weight. Pipes carrying water
used in thermally activating the floors and
the steel reinforcement for the slab run
above and below these tubes. The concept
is based on three differently air-conditioned
areas: zones such as the atrium or the areas
used during breaks from work, which are
conditioned by passive measures, the offic-
es, which can be additionally heated, and
the air-conditioned laboratories. At the very
top, on the fifth floor, experimental green-
houses supply the users with home-grown
plants, while luxuriant vegetation in the atri-
um helps improve the indoor climate.
 2017 4 Documentation 45

Site plan
scale 1:4000
# y X
12 scale 1:750

A Second basement
11 B Ground floor
12 11 C First floor
D Fourth floor

13

11 12
11

12

1 Storage
9 9 9 9 2 Laboratory
3 Dining room
4 Staff room
5 Atrium
9 11 6 Meeting room
11 7 Printer room
9 9 8 Lecture hall
9
9 Office
10 Management /
9 administration
9 11 Void
11 12 Experimental
9 greenhouse
11 13 Multi-purpose
space

9 9
C aa

8 9 9

7
5
6
6
8 10

6
5

4 3 10

B
a

1 1
1

1
1

2 2

1 1

2 2
A
46 Research Institute in Cerdanyola del Valls 2017 4

3
2

Video: www.detail.de/D5_2017_Harquitectes
 2017 4 Documentation 47

5
7
4 4 4 4

5 6
5
6
4 4
5

4 4

7
5 4
F G

E Diagram temperature zones 4 void to atrium

F, G Floor slabs, scale 1:1000 5 thermal activation heating/cooling pipe
F Thermal activation of building parts (red) 6 ventilation pipe
G Post-tensioning of concrete slabs (blue) 7 post-tensioning
Ventilation pipes (grey) 8 greenhouse
H Vertical cross-section climate concept 9 heating
y 10 cross-ventilation facade-atrium
11 cooling
1 intermediate spaces 16 30C 12 ventilator
2 offices 20 26C 13 parking
3 laboratories 21 24C 14 hollow space/ventilation

6 11

4
9 10

4
10 12

13 13

14 14

H
48 Research Institute in Cerdanyola del Valls 2017 4

10

9
2

11 8
3

Vertical section south-east facade

7
scale 1:20

1 2 mm galvanised steel sheet

minimum 40 mm insulation laid to falls 6
2 mm galvanised steel sheet
2 50/100 mm galvanised steel tube 13
3 greenhouse system: 5
76/16mm corrugated polycarbonate sheet 4
1 mm UV-protection; 40/30 mm galvanised steel 12
tube frame; 20/20 mm galvanised steel channel
4 toothed rack
5 sprocket with 18 mm drive pipe
6 120/100 mm rectangular steel tube as column
7 mesh as parapet
8 polyester/aluminium fabric sun blind
9 polyester/aluminium fabric folding sun
protection, running on nylon threads
10 120/100 mm galvanised steel tube as beam
11 150/150 mm galvanised steel tube as column 15
12 maintenance platform
30 mm galvanised steel grille
2 180/70mm galvanised steel channels 14
13 70 mm screed
80 + 70 mm XPS thermal insulation 16
laminated bitumen sealing layer
500 mm thermally activated 17
reinforced concrete slab
14 0.6 mm galvanised steel sheet
10 mm insulation
15 7 mm micro-perforated corrugated
aluminium sheet
16 15 mm pine plywood, PE film
2 15 mm OSB panels
between them timber studs/2 40 mm insulation
17 80 mm concrete
25 mm EPS thermal insulation, 390 mm thermally
activated reinforced concrete slab
18 120 mm cross laminated timber frame
19 2 6 mm laminated safety glass sliding door
in aluminium frame
20 100/30 mm pine boards
21 60 mm screed, 30 + 60 mm thermal insulation
250 mm reinforced concrete slab

18

19

20 21
 2017 4 Documentation 49
 50 Research Institute in Cerdanyola del Valls 2017 4

3 5

1
4

15

7
9

8 13
6

12
10

11

14

Diagram: natural lighting 8 steel sheet inspection flap

with atriums
Vertical section through
greenhouse roof
scale 1:20
1 76/16 corrugated
polycarbonate panel
1 mm UV protection
40/30 mm galvanised steel tube
20/20 mm galvanised steel
channel
7 mm micro-perforated
corrugated aluminium sheet
optional
2 100/40 mm galvanised steel
section
3 50/80 mm galvanised steel tube
4 toothed rack in sprocket with
30 mm drive pipe
5 120/200 mm flat steel
endplate
6 folding polyester / aluminium
fabric sun protection
7 120/200 mm rectangular section
steel tube as beam
9 2 12 mm aluminium-lined fibre
cement panels
10 15 mm plasterboard panel
40 + 70 mm rockwool insulation
12 mm fibre cement panel
sealing membrane
11 360 mm steel -beam,
encased
12 35 mm aerated concrete panel
60 mm XPS insulation
sealing membrane,
separating layer
130 mm reinforced concrete /
trapezoidal sheet composite
slab
13 sealing membrane
15 mm fibre cement panel
40 + 100 mm rockwool
insulation
2 12.5 mm plasterboard panels
15 mm fir plywood
14 2 15 mm plasterboard panel
15 2 mm galvanised steel sheet
16 purlin:
2 80/60 mm rectangular
section steel tubes
 2017 4 Documentation 51

16

Light distribution ground floor

( 275 lux)

15 7

1
52
Community Centre in Rajarhat
Architecture/Photos:
SchilderScholte architects
The community centre in Rajarhat in north-
ern Bangladesh, built through the aid of the
Dutch Pani Foundation, is a low-tech build-
ing with a passive climate concept that uti-
lises the resources available on site. The in-
tention is that, in the long term, the project
will enable the poor population to achieve
economic independence. Adults are trained
here to produce products for the regional
market, for instance bicycles with bamboo
frames, while the children can attend kinder-
garten and play on the site. The building
and its construction method are adapted to
suit the subtropical monsoon climate. A
large roof spans the U-shaped, ground floor
slab, which is slightly higher than ground
level, and offers shade and protection from
the rain for the two buildings placed be-
neath it and for the open, veranda-like areas
lying between them. The positioning of the
volumes and the considerable distance be-
tween their ceiling slabs and the underside
of the roof ensure natural air circulation. The
northern building houses a workshop, a
shop and a storage area, while the south-
ern, two-storey building contains the class-
rooms, toilets and water tanks. An outdoor
stairs leads to the upper floor from where a
steel footbridge connects to the covered
meeting area on the roof of the workshop
opposite. The narrow slits in the south fa-
ade minimize the amount of sunshine en-
2017 4
tering the building, while still allowing suffi-
cient airflow so that, in combination with nu-
merous small openings on the northern side,
the building can be naturally cross ventilat-
ed and the temperature inside the class-
rooms reduced by several degrees. The
complex was erected by construction work-
ers trained especially for this purpose, using
mostly locally available materials. The
blocks are built of hand-made fired bricks
from a nearby brickworks; bamboo poles
were used instead of wood for the columns
and beams of the roof structure. Poles of the
same kind serve as faade cladding, rail-
ings and parapets and help give the com-
plex a homogeneous appearance.
 2017 4 Documentation 53

Diagram of the climate concept

X # y
scale 1:400

1 Shop
2 Workshop
3 Storeroom
4 Covered work
area
5 Covered plaza
6 Courtyard
7 Classroom
8 Meeting area
9 Footbridge
10 Arcade
11 Storage /
water tanks

Video: www.detail.de/D5_2017_SchilderScholte

aa cc

bb dd

a b

1 2
4 8
3

c c
5 6 9
d d

10
7 7
7 11 11 7

a b

Ground floor First floor

54 Community Centre in Rajarhat
Isometric of bamboo pole structure
Vertical section
Horizontal section
scale 1:20
1 roof construction:
0.8 mm corrugated metal
sheeting, galvanized
75/20 mm mango wood battens
top chord of beam
2 40 60 mm bamboo poles
lower chord,
40 60 mm bamboo pole
2 purlins
80 110 mm bamboo
poles
3 column 2 80 110 mm
bamboo poles
4 end of pole filled with
waterproof mortar
5 threaded rod with hexagonal
nut
6 bamboo pole 80 110 mm
7 footing:
120/5 mm steel tube in
reinforced concrete
8 construction of ceiling slab to
upper storey:
bamboo battens, halved
bamboo matt 3 mm,
from 800 mm wide roll
roof beam 80 110 mm
bamboo pole
9 lintel with steel bar
reinforcement
2017 4
10 10 mm clay render
220/100/60 mm brick
10 mm clay render
11 160 mm reinforced concrete
slab, polished
12 40 mm sealing layer 6
13 construction of ground floor:
40 mm cement screed
pigmented, polished
220/100/60 mm brick
80 mm brick chippings 14
400 mm sand bed,
compacted
14 80 110 mm bamboo pole
to strengthen column ee
 2017 4 Documentation 55

e e

10
11

6
5
4

13
7 12
56 2017 4

Residence in Chacras

Architecture: Natura Futura Arquitectura

Photos: Eduardo Cruz

Elevation
In April 2016 the clients family house was
Section
completely destroyed during one of the Floor plan
most severe earthquakes in the history of scale 1:100
Ecuador. As they had been made homeless,
1 Terrace
relatives gave them a site in Chacras, a 2 Entrance
small town directly on the Peruvian border. 3 Kitchen with
dining area
Following a construction period of just ten
4 Sleeping area,
days, thanks to efficient collaboration be- separable by
tween the local culture initiative Cronopios curtains
5 Bathroom
and the office of Natura Future Arqitectura
6 Kitchen garden
they were able to move into the new house
in May already. Presenting the design in the
social media attracted numerous donations
of materials and, under the direction of the
architects, many neighbours, civil and state-
employed earthquake helpers assisted with
the construction work. Sustainability through
recycling is the key aspect of this project,
which was developed through dialogue with
the client and the local council as a proto-
type for social buildings in the future. As the
main construction element transport palettes
were used, which were fitted together to
form modules with a chequer-board pattern
and are braced by vertical pieces of used
wood. In the closed squares of these mod-
ules the palettes were sealed with boarding, aa
while the open squares contain top-hung
elements that open outwards and are filled
with horizontal wooden strips with gaps be-
tween them, which guarantees permanent
ventilation. To ensure free circulation of air a a
and to prevent the formation of mould in the 3
moist tropical climate the house hovers 40
centimetres above the ground and the roof
4 4
is elevated above the building on columns.
This corrugated metal roof projects far be-
yond the exterior of the building, protecting
the faade from rain and providing pleasant
shade in the interior. The living area of
around 22 square metres is divided into 2
three zones: on the left and right are sleep-
ing areas which can be separated with cur-
tains. The kitchen built from palettes and
fruit crates is in the middle, adjoined by a 1 6 5
dining area for the five person family. When
needed the communal area can expand to
the terrace at the front, where the family can
join in a sing-song with friends, perform the-
atre or simply be together. MG
 2017 4 Documentation 57
58 Residence in Chacras 2017 4

1 2
3

Vertical section
scale 1:20

1 c. 0.7 mm corrugated steel sheet, 5

galvanised
2 60/80 mm purlins
3 60/80 mm rafters,
strengthened with
2 22/100 mm timber sections
4 1000/1200/145 mm
pine pallet, clad with
used timber boards,
sealed, fixed
5 opening element:
c. 22/60 mm pine frame,
filled with c. 10/12 22 mm
wooden strips
6 c. 22/200 mm floorboards
7 60/80 mm and 100/120 mm 4
pine beams
8 masonry foundation

6 7

8
Technology
 60
High Comfort Low Impact:
Climate-responsive Design Strategies
Text /Architecture: Transsolar,
Najjar & Najjar Architects, Studio 804
If you want to create positive change in the
world education is a powerful tool. But what
does high standard education need? The
educational space and the program itself
play a significant role. The four relevant de-
sign criteria for a sustainable and support-
ive environment are air quality, daylighting,
thermal comfort, and acoustics. In meeting
these exacting requirements buildings with
a high intensity of use pose a greater chal-
lenge.
The following projects showcase three ex-
amples based on comparable design prin-
ciples: Nasma School and Shams Library,
both in Lebanon, and the Forum in Marvin
Hall at the University of Kansas.
B
A
Although the three examples may appear
different at first glance, they share many
similarities. In each project the local climate
was first analyzed to understand the poten-
tial support offered by nature: sun, wind,
and earth. In all cases, the architectural de-
sign integrates the most rewarding passive
measures, daylight autonomy, and air qual-
ity without compromising thermal comfort,
while at the same time minimizing the ener-
gy required for active measures. All three
buildings take advantage of natural ventila-
tion using the physical phenomenon of the
stack effect, driven by thermal buoyancy.
The first two low-tech buildings in Lebanon
operate by pre-tempering the air in the
2017 4
ground. This low-cost passive measure can
be implemented economically by choosing
suitable building materials that are easily
obtainable locally. The first building, the
temporary refugee school, uses no me-
chanical systems at all; while the second
example, which has higher occupancy lev-
els, uses fans to supplement ventilation. In
comparison, the Forum at Marvin Hall ex-
ploits the same physical principles, but
takes a somewhat more high-tech ap-
proach. The building mechanically adapts
to outside conditions. Its double skin fa-
cade creates a buffer zone that utilizes sea-
sonal temperature differences and allows
ventilation that is, for the most part, natural.
 2017 4 Technology 61

C D

Nasma School in Borj Qalaouiye (Libanon)

All three buildings were designed and real-
ized by young architects and engineers
during their training, providing the students
with a unique interdisciplinary learning op-
portunity. This gave them useful experience
for their subsequent professional life. But
above all the project imbued them with a
sense of responsibility and offered them an
opportunity to shape their future in a posi-
tive way.
Nasma a breeze of hope
Millions of Syrians have been displaced by
the ongoing civil war; alone 1.2 million are
registered as refugees in Lebanon. Not on-
ly are these refugees traumatized, as they
have lost their homes and the basis of their
existence but educational opportunities for
the younger generation are also lacking. A
recent UNHCR educational assessment in-
dicated that 80 per cent of Syrian refugee
children do not attend school. The make-
shift schools provided face many difficul-
ties. The seasonal temperature extremes
frequently lead to cancelation of classes.
Conventional heating and cooling applianc-
es are often inefficient, costly, and difficult
to obtain. The cramped, dark spaces in the
simple buildings rarely have good ventila-
tion and the poor acoustics make it even
more difficult for the pupils to learn. Najjar
Najjar Architects, Transsolar Academy, and
Najjar & Najjar Architects
A Schematic illustration of energy and comfort
concept
B South elevation with solar collectors to
create thermal buoyancy
C Results of measuring
temperature and relative humidity
August/September 2016
D Clay plaster in the interior
E Vertical section,
scale: 1:50
F Roof insulation / construction phase
G Fitting out interior /construction phase
Transsolar KlimaEngineering operates world-
wide as consultant for climate responsive build-
ing design. Its Transsolar Academy offers one-
year educational grants for young architects and
engineers.

1 3 mm trapezoidal steel sheet,

galvanised, reflective,
roof membrane,
80 mm timber T-sections,
F
between them 80 mm pine
needle insulation, raffia mat
400 mm truss made from
timber/PVC sections
2 30 mm solar chimney, matt
black metal
3 30 mm PVC trapezoidal
sheeting, translucent
3
4 PVC-net, 100 mm pine needles
as insulation
600 mm vertical element of
frame made from timber / PVC
sections, between them PP
4 woven bag filled with 400 mm
earth
40 mm clay plaster
5 150 mm earth
200 mm hollow concrete blocks

E G
 62 High Comfort Low Impact: Climate-responsive Design Strategies
Shams Library in Majdel Anjar (Lebanon)
Najjar & Najjar Architects
H Tubular duct laid in ground, built out of barrels
J Facade of sandbags/construction phase
K North facade /construction phase
L Forecourt with sun sails/construction phase
M Energy and comfort concept
N Interior of library
H J
the Lebanese youth-oriented NGO, SAWA,
collaborated to investigate a low-cost
solution a pilot project applying climate-
responsive strategies to the design of a
model refugee school. The temporary
structure has a life span of up to five years,
and will leave no ecological footprint. The
team used traditional building methods
as a source of inspiration, employed sim-
ple, locally obtainable materials, and in-
volved the refugees in the construction
process. The initial intention was to build
on a site in the Bekaa Valley so that the
school would be close to the major refugee
camps. Consequently the design studies
were based on the valleys climate data.
K
However, acquiring an official site proved
difficult. Since the goal was to erect a low-
cost prototype quickly, it was decided to
build the school on a private site further
south. Climatic conditions on both sites are
similar and allow informative comparisons
to be made. The valley lies at the foot of the
Anti-Lebanon mountain range, at an alti-
tude of 1000 metres on a plateau in the in-
terior of the country. This dry region suffers
from seasonal extremes of temperature.
The summers are very hot with the temper-
ature reaching 40 C, while snowfall is fre-
quent during the winter. The construction,
layout and orientation of the classrooms are
based on an analysis of the local climate
2017 4
and the exclusive use of passive measures.
Exterior walls are built from stacked, recy-
cled, 30 cm-thick bags filled on site with
earth and held in position by trussed frames.
It was initially planned to use goats wool
with a minimum thickness of 10 cm as insu-
lation but in the end dried pine needles a
traditional and locally available material
were used instead. The earth-filled bags
provide thermal mass that helps reduce the
impact of the dramatic changes in the out-
door temperature on the spaces. Thermal
simulations showed that, as a result, the
room temperature in the interior can be
raised by up to 3 C in winter, and reduced
by up to 5 C in summer. The shadow cast
 2017 4 Technology 63

L M

on the facade helps avoid excessive solar school complex, it was planned by the par- roof consists of MDF boards, waterproof-
heat gains in summer; while in winter light ticipants in the Smart Structures for Refu- ing, air layer, insulation, and roofing of
and heat from the low level sun can enter gee Facilities workshop and erected with white galvanized zinc. In this building, too,
the spaces. the help of the later users. The Transsolar the facade is made using locally available
The ventilation of the classroom is provided Academy assisted the students from the bags which were filled with sand and fixed
by ducts running in the ground, built from American University of Beiruts Department by timber sections to the vertical members
horizontally laid hourdis precast con- of Architecture and Design in devising the of the frames. On the inside the construc-
crete blocks with tubular voids , which in- energy and comfort concept. The library tion is lined with white plasterboard panels.
troduce fresh air into the space after it has serves a refugee school of 300 children Thanks to the sand-bags the construction
been cooled by the lower temperature of the and combines a frame that can be quickly has a high thermal mass and good acous-
ground. The system is based on a fresh air erected with climate-responsive passive tic qualities. Shelving between the frames
requirement of 20 m3/(h. per person) at a strategies. The three-pin arch of the frame provides space for books and toys. A trans-
low pressure loss of less than 10 Pa. The air allows a large span of 8 metres. Easy-to- lucent layer in the upper part of the north
flow in the ducts, with a very low maximum use steel parts that connect the timber ele- facade provides the room with a generous
velocity of just 1m/s, is achieved by thermal ments facilitate prefabrication and assem- amount of diffused daylight. In the library
buoyancy, created by exhaust vents in the bly on site. The construction of the pitched thermal comfort is ensured by a 40 metre
roof. The shape and orientation of the vents
accelerate the airflow by introducing a
chimney effect. Solar air collectors 10 m2 in
area and positioned close to the openings
help to warm the exhaust air. Steel sheets
on the collectors are painted black to maxi-
mize the warming effect. The reflective sur-
face of the metal on the remainder of the
roof reduces heat gain in the interior. A
translucent panel in the north side provides
additional daylight for the classroom. Fol-
lowing completion of construction the
temperature, humidity, and daylight in the
building were measured to check the effi-
ciency of the design. The measurements re-
veal that in combination with the solar chim-
ney the ground duct has a cooling effect of
up to 5 C. Thanks to passive solar gains,
the air-preconditioning, and thermal mass
thermal comfort is optimised both in sum-
mer and winter. The quality of the daylight in
the interior meets international standards.
Only the sealing of the facade and the pine
needle insulation revealed a number of
flaws, as the compacting of this layer led to
gaps in the upper area. However, by simply
adding more material this weak point could
be eliminated.

Shams Library
The experience gained from the Nasma
prototype was applied to the design of the
next project, the Shams Library in Majdel
Anjar (Bekaa Valley). Part of an existing N
 64 High Comfort Low Impact: Climate-responsive Design Strategies 2017 4

Marvin Hall, University

of Kansas
Studio 804

O Schematic illustration
of the natural cross-
ventilation
P Fitting the plenum
Q South facade
R Diagram of facade
ventilation:
summer, winter
natural cross-
ventilation
S Vertical section,
scale 1:50
T Auditorium
U Meeting room

O P

long geothermal duct running in the ground
beneath the school complex. The planners
had to dispense with hollow concrete ele-
ments in the ground, as concrete founda-
tions were to be made on the central plaza.
But the nature of ground allowed 1 m of
earth to be excavated manually so that lo-
cally available barrels could be inserted as
ventilation tubes and outlets made in the
foundations. Modelling showed a level of
efficiency comparable with that of the solu-
tion using hollow concrete blocks. Fans are
used to increase the rate of air movement,
as due to the higher occupancy levels
there is a considerably greater need for
ventilation than in the Nasma School and,
additionally, the period during which the
building is used is to be extended. They
ensure the supply of fresh air and by in-
creasing the air flow speed an additional
cooling effect can be provided in summer.
The perceptible cooling effect is up to 3 C.
Natural air exhaust is through defined fa-
cade leakage. In the future the power for
the fans is to be provided by PV panels on
the roof. These inexpensive strategies tan-
gibly improved the learning environment.
Precise measurements check the efficiency
of the concept and provide further research
insights. The use of local materials ensures
a low carbon footprint and reduces the en-
vironmental impact. Through their involve-
ment in the project the users develop a
positive attitude to learning, which is the
ultimate goal of this educational project.
Marvin Hall
In comparison to the low-budget projects in
the Lebanon the goal in designing the ex-
tension in Kansas was a building with a long
useful life and high quality interior design.
The Forum is an addition to Marvin Hall the
historical School of Architecture building at
the University of Kansas. It meets the
schools need for a central common space
and an auditorium. It was designed and
constructed by 18 post-graduate students
and participants in Studio 804, the Depart-

Q
 2017 4
ment of Architectures Design/Build pro-
gram, with support from various experts
from the field of industry. Transsolar advised
on the design and architectural integration
of the double-wall facade and the natural
ventilation strategy. The double skin creates
a buffer zone that operates to the rhythm of
seasonality. It is made of two separate
panes of insulated glass, one metre apart
from each other. The space between them
provides room for the cedar louvers that
shade the auditorium. These louvers are
controlled by a rooftop weather station, and
are programmed to adapt to the changing
position of the sun. Motorized flaps are lo-
cated at the top and bottom of the outer
1 2
4
3 5
7
6
8 4
S 10
pane. Fresh air is drawn from the area in
shade underneath the raised building. An
efficient displacement ventilation system
brings cool air into the interior, where it is
distributed through the raised floor and the
stepped seating. In winter time, the vents in
the facade are closed, cloaking the building
in a warm blanket provided by heat gained
from the sun.
In summer the vents at the top and bottom
are opened, creating thermal buoyancy and
drawing the cooler air from underneath the
raised building into the space between the
panes. It is warmed there and escapes at
the top. During the hot months additional
mechanical cooling is needed. On mild days
T
U
Technology 65
1 photovoltaics
2 TPO roof membrane; max. 220 mm tapered
PIR insulation; 19 mm OSB board
300 mm laminated veneer lumber -beams
betw. them PIR insulation; 15 mm gypsum board
38/140 mm timber framing; 25 mm acoustic panel,
50/152 mm spruce battens
3 25 mm low-e insulated glazing
4 152/305 mm automated ventilation flap
5 38/292 mm automated cedar louvers
6 76/177 mm aluminium tube frame
7 152/457 mm stainless steel clad drive box
8 4.7 mm steel plate, coated
19 mm plywood, uprights to seating steps
8 mm cement fibre board, fire rated
19 mm OSB board; 355 mm laminated veneer lum-
ber -beams between them cellulose fibre
insulation; 32 mm cavity, 19 mm OSB board
15 mm gypsum board coated
9 457/610 mm reinforced concrete
10 406 mm reinforced concrete column
 66 High Comfort Low Impact: Climate-responsive Design Strategies
V Assembling load-bearing structure
W Axonometric of auditorium / meeting space
X Mounting facade element
natural displacement ventilation is activated.
Here again fresh air flows in at the bottom of
the facade, however the upper vents remain
closed and the air is distributed in the space
through the raised floor. It escapes through
the facade opposite, which is opened at the
top. Thermal simulations confirmed the ef-
fectiveness of the facade concept. The roof
and floor frame are insulated with 30 cm
PIR-panels, which achieve an insulation val-
ue about three times the minimum required
by the energy code. The living wall of ferns
and begonias improves the acoustics in the
lecture space by absorbing and dissipating
sound. It is watered from a 1100-gallon rain-
water cistern. The lush vegetation helps to
X
2017 4
improve the quality of the indoor air by natu-
ral filtration. The integrated passive design
measures reduces space heating and cool-
ing demands, resulting in estimated energy
savings of over 50 %. In addition, a rooftop
array of 45 photovoltaic panels makes the
Forum independent of outside energy
providers. The master students agreed that
achieving the seemingly impossible task of
not only designing, but also building Marvin
Hall in the space of one year was a most re-
warding experience. The students of the
School of Architecture now have an inspiring
educational environment: a structure built
by us and for us, as the Dean of the Univer-
sity puts it. W
Products
68
Facades
Regeneration projects result in stylish developments for Tyneside and London
South Shields is benefiting from a 16 mil-
lion cultural centre featuring an iconic circu-
lar facade created with Kingspans TEK
Cladding Panels. The National Centre for
the Written Word, known simply as The
Word (above and right), is a three-storey
structure which includes library and exhibi-
tion space, IT suite, 3D printing facilities,
creative play area and a cafe.
Steve McIntyre of architects FaulknerBrowns
explained their vision for the project: The
form and design approach of this building
seeks to establish a new benchmark in
terms of quality of design, use of materials
and integration of public realm within the
wider urban fabric of South Shields. This
circular form encourages pedestrian move-
ment between town centre and riverside
as well as having a striking and contempo-
rary presence. The circular construction
achieved with the cladding panels helped
us to accomplish the concept of the spread-
ing pages of a book.
To provide a smooth, highly insulated exteri-
or envelope, the structural insulated panels
were designed and factory-cut into narrow
widths, which allowed them to be quickly
and easily fixed to the concrete frame. The
142 mm-thick panels can help to achieve
2017 4
U-values of 0.20 W/m2K or better whilst the combine brick, concrete and glass. K15
OSB/3 facing and unique jointing system Rainscreen Board was used to insulate the
help to minimise unnecessary air loss. TEK rainscreen elements of the facade whilst
Cladding Panels and TEK Building System K12 Framing Board was installed between
Panels now come in a 172-mm thickness, timber battens on masonry sections of the
designed to achieve even lower U-values of external walls. With thermal conductivities
0.17 W/m2K or better. as low as 0.020 W/m.K, the Kooltherm prod-
ucts helped to achieve excellent levels of
The companys products have also been thermal performance, states the manufactur-
used for the Fitzroy Place development on er, and also contributed to the award of
the 3-acre site of the old Middlesex Hospital credits within the BREEAM assessments for
in the Fitzrovia area of London. The original the office sections of the development.
site was completely flattened aside from the
chapel and sections of the Victorian facade. www.kingspaninsulation.co.uk
The design, by Sheppard Robson and Lif-
schutz Davidson Sandilands, includes 235
private apartments, 54 affordable homes,
two office buildings, a restaurant and retail
spaces. The domestic elements of the site
achieve an enhanced level of energy effi-
ciency when compared with the Building
Regulations, and the office blocks hold a
BREEAM rating of Excellent.
To meet these requirements, a fabric-first
approach was adopted and Kingspan
Kooltherm products were specified across
the site. Drawing inspiration from the original
redbrick hospital buildings and the white
working buildings of the area north of Ox-
ford Street, the facades, as seen below,
 2017 4
Luxury accommodation for students
Elements from all of Kawneers architectural
glazing systems portfolio have been used
for a wide range of applications in a citys
new neighbourhood the cultural, business
and leisure quarter that is the 500 million
First Street Manchester development. The
projects include the 11-storey VITA student
accommodation from Select Property
Group, with blocks of colour within the glaz-
ing emphasising the geometric design.
The building includes a 5,400 ft student
hub offering a reception, games area, gym,
movie room, lounge and group study space.
The manufacturers AA100 mullion-drained
curtain walling, swing doors and AA541
top-hung casement windows for high levels
of natural ventilation have been used on the
279 individual luxury studios.
The curtain walling has also been used,
alongside fixed lights, on the mixed-use ele-
ments of the development, comprising a
pair of retail units, a 700-space multi-storey
car park and a four-star, 208-bed hotel, the
first Innside hotel in the UK from Melia Ho-
tels International. The retail units and lobby
to the 11-storey hotel feature reverse slope
glazing, which gave the design team a
greater internal atrium space, and the glass
roof lends a much sharper and cleaner line
to the outside of the building.
Solar gain was controlled using metal solar
shading blades fitted to the curtain wall as
well as high-performance neutral glazing
units. The design allowed for high levels of
acoustic insulation and barrier loadings yet
maintaining the floor-to-ceiling glass which
gives good natural light as well as views
over the city. The windows were designed
and installed to accommodate live-load
floor-slab deflections whilst still giving the
vertical linear design intent. The Kawneer
glazing was installed by specialist sub-con-
tractor Bennett Architectural Aluminium.
www.kawneer.co.uk
Aluminium facade illuminates new performance venue in Paris region
In the southeast of Paris in Lieusaint, the
new Thtre-Snart has a striking facade of
aluminium panels manufactured by Novelis.
As well as being a local landmark, with a to-
tal area of approximately 10,600 sq.m and a
height of around 29 m, the building com-
bines sustainability and energy efficiency
with innovative design by architects Chaix &
Morel et Associs.
The new cultural centre cost 43.3 million
and boasts two event halls with 1,550 seats
and 1,126 standing places. The energy-effi-
cient and eco-friendly concept means that,
due to its lighting and ventilation system, no
additional air conditioning or further light
sources are said to be needed, even on hot
or dark days. The technical installations and
ventilation systems are hidden behind the
aluminium facade.
The flowing form of this rear-ventilated fa-
cade consists of perforated and punched
aluminium panels with a grid dimension of
1,500 1,500 mm. Further perforations of
100 100 mm and 50 50 mm, and 50 mm
square punched holes, create an apparently
random sheet pattern. The overall facade
shows eight different design variations. The
size and position of the perforations and
punched holes are designed to ensure sta-
Facades 69
bility. Due to its strength even when perfo-
rated, the Novelis AIMg3-alloy facade sheet
is able to support a higher span width than
commercial solid aluminium sheets based
on an AIMg1-alloy, claims the company. The
building skin of 2-mm ff2 coil-coated alu-
minium in the colour Sunrise Silver stands
out in both day and nighttime; additionally,
LED lights integrated into the facade create
a light spectacle at night.
The surface-coated aluminium is described
as a viable solution for building projects
worldwide because of its weather resistance
even in extreme climates and, despite the
uncoated edges resulting from the punched
holes, the material is unaffected by corro-
sion. The colour retention and low-mainte-
nance requirements will contribute to long-
standing brilliance and luminosity of the
building, says Novelis.
In October 2016, the Thtre-Snart was
awarded with the jury prize at the Trophes
Eiffel national award ceremony for outstand-
ing French architecture.
www.novelis.com
70 Facades
Mid-century homes get a facelift
For a recent social housing programme,
Stevenage Borough Council in Hertfordshire
specified Saint-Gobain Weber External Wall
Insulation (EWI). The 1940s and 1950s brick
and Wimpey No Fines system-build homes
have achieved U-values of 0.30 W/m2K,
down from the original 1.98 W/m2K rating,
using webertherm XM EWI and meshcloth-
reinforced polymer render system. Render
colours chosen from the weberplast TF
acrylic based, pre-mixed decorative finishes
were Antique Ivory, Winter White, Palest
Pink and the new Marshmallow.
The companys products were also used to
upgrade post-war and 1960s properties with
similar thermal deficiencies in North Wales,
owned by housing association CCG. Here,
webertherm XP EWI lightweight mineral ren-
der for one-coat application was chosen.
Homes in Bangor have seen U-values down
from 1.42 W/m2K to 0.28 W/m2K whilst the
1960s Trusteel frame houses in Y Bala saw
an even bigger improvement, down from
1.60 W/m2K to 0.29 W/m2K. A dash finish in
Ashton Cream was chosen to match other
homes in the region.
www.saint-gobain.co.uk
Designs aimed at making an impression on young minds
Natural and cultural themes have formed the
inspiration for Midmill Primary School in rural
Aberdeenshire, which features a facade of
Rockpanel Woods combined with colourful
Rockpanel Rockclad boards routed to de-
pict local fauna and Pictish culture. These
are all produced from compressed natural
basalt, a sustainable and readily available
volcanic rock, and bonded with an organic
binder, to combine the advantages of stone
and the workability of wood.
Built by Morrison Construction, the school
can accommodate around 540 students. It
was designed with a U-shaped footprint set
around a central courtyard and includes
high-quality teaching and sports facilities.
Said architect Craig Matheson, from Aber-
deenshire Councils design team, The
building is constructed out of timber so we
were keen to express this externally, and
Rockpanel Woods provided the opportunity
to have a visually prominent material with
strong horizontal emphasis. The subtle col-
our variation of the product allowed us to
use this to give the impression of movement
as it wraps around the building.
Claimed to be virtually indistinguishable
from real woods, the boards are available in
a variety of light, rich and muted wood col-
2017 4
ours. The council specified a mix of these
which has created a lively, contemporary
aesthetic. Rockclad boards used for areas
of the facade are in vibrant orange, yellow
and green. To help engage and inspire the
students, the project team were keen to in-
corporate art within the design and appoint-
ed surface designers Bespoke Atelier to
create the external artworks.
Said designer Marion Parola, The boards
were easy to engrave, and are a great mate-
rial to work with; a blank canvas ready to be
drawn on, with a great colour palette. The
engravings do not affect the weather resist-
ance and, over time, the routed areas will
mature to a deep brown, providing a con-
trast with the intense facade colours.
As well as for exterior cladding, the boards
are suitable for use in applications along the
roofline and for building detailing. Midmill
Primary School has been designed to
achieve a BREEAM Very Good rating, and
with the Durable and Durable ProtectPlus
boards holding a BRE Green Guide rating of
A+ these products were able to contribute
to the award of credits within the BREEAM
assessment.
www.rockpanel.co.uk
 Edition
Roland Krippner (Ed.)
NEW
u lding Integrat
ol r Technolo
Building Integrated
Solar Technology
NEW June 2017
Roland Krippner (Ed.).
144 pages with numerous
drawings and photos.
Format 21 29,7 cm.
Bilingual English/German.
ISBN 978-3-95553-362-5
Hardcover:
59.90 / 48. / US$ 84.
+ postage/packing
Green Books
+ VAT, if applicable
Green Books

Architectural design with photovoltaics and solar thermal

Its already impossible to imagine energy- offers abundant advice from architects on how
efcient construction without photovoltaics to successfully integrate solar systems into
and solar thermal. Yet, the EU-wide introduc- buildings. A number of chapters addresses
tion of low energy standards for new build- the economical and ecological deployment of
ings stipulates that buildings must meet their solar technology as well as issues of building
energy needs in whole or in part from the sun laws and the preservation of listed buildings.
by 2021 at the latest. Illustrated and expanded by numerous pho-
The integration of solar systems into buildings tos and detailed project documentation,
is no longer just a technical matter, but also a Building Integrated Solar Technology not
structural and aesthetic challenge. only demonstrates the tremendous variety of
This book provides the necessary expertise construction tasks and integration possibili-
for this purpose. In addition to basic physics ties, but also shows that self-sustaining build-
and technological developments in photo- ings in terms of energy can also contribute
voltaics and solar thermal, the publication signicantly to the local architectural culture.

4 Techn k und Systeme Photovoltaik 4 Technik und Systeme Photovoltaik

Overview of available technologies

bzw 72 Ze len in einem, mitunter in zwei Zellstrngen 35W 100 250 W

(Strings) elektrisch hintereinander (in Reihe) verschaltet 60 100 cm 1 kW 10 MW

15 6 cm
Geometrisch ordnet man die Solarzellen im Module hu
fig in 4 6 Ze lre hen an Sie werden im Herste lungspro
100 200 cm

46
zess zwischen einer Glassche be auf der Vorderseite und
einer Kunststoffverbundfolie (z B Tedlar) auf der Rck
seite verkapselt, indem sie beidseitig in den durchsichti
gen Kunststoff Ethylenvinylacetat (EVA) eingebettet wer
and systems
1 kW 500 kW
den und sind so vor W tterungseinflssen, mechanischen
Beanspruchungen und Feuchtigkeit geschtzt sind Als Zelle Zellstr ng Modul Strang Gene ator
Frontglas dient ein spezielles, gehrtetes Solarglas, das 45

eisenoxidarm und daher besonders lichtdurchlssig ist

Die meisten Module sind m t einem Rahmen aus Alumi
nium versehen, der die empfindlichen Glaskanten schtzt
und zur Montage genutzt wird Der Einsatz von rahmenlo
sen Modulen ist m t entsprechenden Montageklemmen
bei achtsamer Montage ebenfalls problemlos mglich
ber rckse tig aufgeklebte Anschlussdosen werden die
elektrischen Kontakte aus dem Modul herausgefhrt Die
Dosen sind standardmig mit Anschlussleitungen sowie
verpolungs und berhrungssicheren Steckkontakten ver
sehen Neben EVA bei Standardmodulen werden mitun
ter auch Polyvinylbutyral (PVB), Teflon oder Gieharz zur
Verkapselung verwendet Diese Alternativen kommen
zum Einsatz, wenn statt einer Rckseitenfolie Rckse ten
glas verwendet wird Solche Doppelglasmodule eignen
sich als berkopfverglasung und fr den Fassadenbau
So arg as Solarglas (Abb 4 6)
Ze lenverbund Zellenverbund
rckseit ger rckse tiges VSG Bei Solarmodulen unterscheidet man zwischen Standard
Fo ienverbund oder Sondermodulen Standardmodule werden von der
Stange in groen Stckzahlen preisgnstig fr Photovol
taik Anlagen hergestel t, die keine speziellen Anforderun
gen an die Module stellen Sie werden mit Standard Mon
tagesystemen auf dem Dach oder auf Fre f chen
installiert
Es g bt eine Vielzahl von Materialien und Konzepten fr
Solarzellen (Abb 4 8), die sich in Form und Farbe sowie
in ihren Eigenschaften und Leistungsdaten unterschei
So arg as
Ze lenverbund
G assche be/Folienverbund
Lu tzw schenraum
innere Isol erg assche be
So arg as
Ze lenverbund
G assche be/Fo ienverbund
Lu tzw schenraum
innere Isol erg assche be
den Im Folgenden werden einige wichtige Solarzellenty
pen vorgestellt
Mono und po ykr sta line Si izium Ze len
VSG
Solarzellen auf Basis von kristal inem Silizium (Si) domi
4 6x
nieren m t einem Anteil von 90 % den heutigen Markt Sili
45 zium ist ein ungiftiges und in der Elektronik bereits lnger
W rkungsgradrekorde [%]
schiedenen Hochofenprozessen zu monokristallinen oder
polykristallinen Solarze len verarbeiten Bei der Zel ferti
gung werden krista line Siliziumblcke (sogenannte
Hochleistungsze len
Hersteller und Forschungsinstitute arbeiten kontinuierlich
an der Verbesserung von Solarzellen Hochleistungszel
Aesthetic and structural integration
Ingots) in dnne Siliziumscheiben (Wafer) geschnitten len zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sich ihre Wirkungs
Diese werden ansch ieend mit einer weiteren phosphor
dotierten Zellschicht sowie einer Antireflexschicht
beschichtet und mit Kontakten versehen, sodass fertige
grade deutlich von der Masse abheben Sie basieren
beispielsweise auf dem Einsatz hochreinen S liziums
sowie auf besseren Zellstrukturen in Verbindung mit inno
into buildings
Solarzellen entstehen vativen Kontaktierungen, z B einer Rckseitenkontaktie
Ay X u yy rung Dadurch werden Zellwirkungsgrade von ber 22 %
yy y  y erreicht Andere Hersteller kombinieren verschiedene
y y 9yy yy u Technologien, beispielsweise indem sie monokristalline
betrgt 12,5 oder 15 cm Weil das Zellmaterial aus nur
einem Kristall besteht, ist die Oberflche der Zellen
homogen dunkelblau bis schwarz Die elektrische Qua
itt von monokristallinen Solarzellen ist sehr hoch Sie
Wafer mit einer zustzlichen amorphen S liziumschicht
beschichten und so die Zellwirkungsgrade ber 21 %
erhhen Eine Mglichke t, Hochleistungszellen kosten
gnstig zu fertigen, bietet das sogenannte PERC Kon
Economy and ecology of solar systems
erreichen Wirkungsgrade zwischen 15 und 19 % (Abb zept, bei dem polykristalline Zellen in automatisierten
4 7) Standardprozessen weiterverarbeitet werden PERC steht
Ry u y fr Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell, Emitter und
blau schimmernden Krista lstruktur zu erkennen Sie Rckseite der Zelle sind durch eine Schutzschicht so
yy 9y
oder 15 bzw 15,6 cm Die blichen Wirkungsgrade lie
gen zwischen 14 und 17 % Polykrista lines Silizium ist
beschaffen, dass auftreffendes Licht gespiegelt und zum
Wafer zurck reflektiert wird Auf diese Weise kann
zustzliche Energie nutzbar gemacht werden Es sind
Integration into power supply systems
einfacher und kostengnstiger herzustellen als mono damit Wirkungsgrade um 19 % mglich
krista lines Polykristalline PV Module dominieren des
halb zu 50 % den Weltmarkt
kr stall ne
S lizium Solarzellen
Dnnsch cht
Solarzellen
organische
Solarzellen Detailed, project-specic solutions
monok is al in po ykrista lin auf Glasscheibe
Fol en und Streifen
Fol en /G assubstrat
Solarzellen

Sondertypen amorphes S l zium CdTe amorphes S lizium #y X y

40 Hochleistungsze len mikromorphes Si i CIS C GS CIGS R X y
bekanntes sowie erprobtes Material Nach Sauerstoff ist Hybridzel en zium G Xy
es das zweithufigste Element auf der Erde und dam t
30 reichlich verfgbar Es kommt jedoch nicht in Reinform
vor, sondern muss aus eingeschmolzenem Quarzsand
20
unter hohen Temperaturen gewonnen werden In chemi
schen Verfahren wird das Rohsilizium so lange gereinigt,
bis ein nahezu hundertprozentiger Reinheitsgrad erreicht
10
ist Anschlieend sst sich das hochreine Silizium in ver

0 4 5 modularer Aufbau des Solargenera ors ny yy  Vakuumtechnik Ga vanik n der Regel voll lchige Substratbesch ch Druckverfahren o
4 6 Schnitt durch gerahmtes Standardso armodul scheiben tung By
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Sche bendicke 0 2 mm Kanten nge Schichtd cke 0 5 5 0 m Zel bre te 0 5 17 0 mm bzw Bandbreite Pi otstadium
4 6x typische Sch ch en olge (von auen nach innen) bei Photovo ta k
Stape zellen (Konzen rator) CIS CIGS modulen zur Gebudeintegration 10 0 15 6 cm 1 36 cm 2 3 % Wirkungsgrad
S lizium monokris al in CdTe 4 7 Wirkungsgradentwicklung verif zierte Rekorde von aborge ert gten ca 85 % Marktanteil ausgereifte Techno ogie ca 15 % Marktan eil ste gend
S lizium polykr stal in Farbstof zellen Mini So arzel en 13 17 % 8 14 %
S lizium mikro /amorph organische Ze len 4 8 Typologie und Merkma e der drei Solarze lengenerationen Zellwi kungsgrad Modu wirkungsgrad
47 48

2 3

detail.de/solar-technology
72 Facades
Cladding panels shine like a beacon
Rainscreen cladding by Rodeca features on
a new performing arts building in Romford,
Essex. The translucent polycarbonate pan-
els were specified for the Box Theatre at
Redbridge College for their transparency,
light weight, ability to be back-lit and range
of colours available. More than 300 m2 of
40 mm PC 2540 wall cladding panels in
Kristall and Bi-Colors Kristall/yellow and
Kristall/green were used to vertically clad
the first floor of the 5 million new building.
Bi-Colors have differently coloured internal
and external panel layers for a 3D effect.
Designed by architects Ayre Chamberlain
Gaunt as part of a masterplan study for the
college, the performing arts centre is one of
two new standalone BREEAM Excellent
buildings (the other being a teaching block)
at its Chadwell Heath campus.
The theatre comprises music recording stu-
dios, teaching spaces and a 264-seat per-
formance space, which doubles as a multi-
purpose hall with retractable seating for en-
rolment, exhibitions and gatherings. The
building is conceived as an elevated trans-
lucent box sitting on a plinth of black brick-
work. Rodeca glazing creates a vibrant fa-
cade back-lit with low-level lighting.
A 15-m high redundant boiler chimney on
the site could not be removed so it was de-
cided to make it a positive feature and turn it
into a marker beacon. The top is clad in the
bright-coloured panels whilst the brickwork
is painted dark grey to complement other
rainscreen cladding on the theatre.
The 500 mm-wide Rodeca panels are said
to be 200 times tougher than glass and to
perform up to 43 dB of sound insulation and
down to 0.35 W/m2K of thermal insulation.
Giving up to 80 % light transmission, they
are installed using a simple tongue-and-
groove system.
www.rodeca.co.uk
2017 4
University building benefits from contemporary curtain walling design
Technals MX curtain walling, together with configurations and include both single- and
the companys FXi65 window system and double-leaf options. With a flush threshold,
CD doors, feature on the Engineering Build- the doors are double glazed to BS6262.
ing at Lancaster University, designed by
John McAslan + Partners. The facility com- From an installation perspective, the new
prises 4,701 sq.m of workshop, laboratory Engineering Building is situated within a
and office space in two concrete-framed tight site, which meant close co-ordination
blocks either side of a four-storey atrium. between fabricator LDG Contracts and main
The building was designed in line with the contractor Eric Wright Construction prior to,
universitys sustainability and carbon reduc- and during, work on site to ensure the pro-
tion targets and has achieved a BREEAM ject progressed smoothly.
Outstanding rating.
As a result of stage one being managed
The MX Visible Grid capped curtain walling successfully, the same team is currently
features throughout. It was selected for its working on the phased refurbishment of the
contemporary aesthetics, and the system in- universitys 1960s-built Physics Building,
cludes concealed vents to allow for natural which will also feature Technal systems.
ventilation without compromising the archi-
tectural integrity of the facade. Natural light www.technal.com/en/uk
was a key specification requirement, and
this curtain walling system allowed larger
and heavier glazing units to be installed due
to its superior load distribution, says the
company.
With the capability of realising Uw values
as low as 1.3 W/m2K, the Fxi65 casement
window system has also been installed
throughout the building. Featuring a stylish
visible opening frame with an infill of up to
52 mm for a contemporary finish, windows
appear as both punched hole and inserts
within curtain walling in varying configura-
tions, whilst giving a visually consistent look
across the building.
Installed to the entrance, 160 sq.m of MX
Trame Verticale curtain walling also comple-
ments the buildings design. Its projecting
aerofoil transom caps add depth to the fa-
cade and the slender face trim gaskets are
flush with the front face of the infill, softening
the corresponding sections.
Finally, CD heavy-duty doors were chosen
for ground-floor thoroughfare locations. De-
signed to handle the demands of high traffic
areas, they were specified here as hinged
 2017 4

Daylight and ventilation are key

The development of a highly sustainable ed-

ucation facility in Flintshire, Wales offering
courses for the 16 19 age group has made
extensive use of glazing solutions by Sapa
Building System. The Post 16 Education
Hideaway
Centre at Connahs Quay was constructed Parking is beautiful with WHR
at a cost of 13.75 million as a joint develop-
ment by Coleg Cambria and Flintshire
County Council.

It was designed to exceed BREEAM Excel-

lent standards, including promoting the use
of natural daylighting and ventilation. The
layout creates a mix of open-plan and small-
er spaces where sunlight is transmitted
through the Elegance 52 ST curtain walling,
Dualframe 75 Si windows and ST11 com-
mercial doors. The externally capped, ther-
mally broken curtain walling system offers
many options with the use of different mul-
lions and cover caps for slim sightlines.

The Dualframe aluminium windows are de-

signed to achieve an A++ Window Energy
Rating, and Sapa states that high standards
of security and performance, including With the WHR product ranges Parklift 461 463 as well as
achieving PAS 24 performance requirement Slim- and Crossparker, cars disappear, safe and hidden underground.
for the doors and windows, were empha-
The parking spaces are harmoniously integrated into the complete
sised throughout the build.
object and may only be raised briefly to enter or exit the parking
www.sapabuildingsystem.com/en/uk space. In this way, you gain more space to live with the Hideaways.

For refurbishments and new buildings and everywhere else where

space is limited and surface areas should be preserved.

OTTO WHR GMBH AUTO-PARKSYSTEME | D-71292 Friolzheim | woehr.de

International partner in more than 50 countries worldwide.

We compact parking space.

74 Facades 2017 4

Custom colours enhance zinc appeal

VMZINC has introduced bespoke colours

into its Pigmento range, already available in
shades of red, green, blue and brown. The
new finishes are orange, beige, yellow, grey
and purple, and a colour matching service
is also offered for specific projects against
any RAL reference from the Classic Palette:
a recent example was a special grey pro-
duced for West Londons extensive Fulham
Wharf development.

The company states that these subtle col-

ours are visually distinctive and provide a
finish unlike other metals. This is not a paint-
ed finish and by virtue of natural patination it
is said to provide a virtually maintenance-
free facade. The naturally grained texture of
pre-weathered zinc can be seen through the
colour and ensures that the ageing has a
greater degree of consistency.
www.vmzinc.co.uk
Meeting the production challenges of a brick-clad concrete design scheme
Although steel and concrete have tended to
be the natural choice for high-rise construc-
tion, the visual appeal of brick remains, and
the precast concrete industry has respond-
ed to this in the shape of brick-clad panels.
The panels, which are able to include pre-
installed doors, windows and insulation, can
be clad using either 22 mm brick slips, cut
perforated bricks or solid bricks with a
dovetailed slot cut into the rear of the brick.
An example of what can be achieved is
seen in the Victoria Gate Arcade in Leeds.
Designed by ACME to link the old Victorian
quarter with the entrance to the new John
Lewis Partnership department store, this
development has some interesting details
realised by Thorp Precast.
The 6,000 m brick-faced facade pattern
features six different width pleats, each with
a 250-mm overall projection. The North
Block has white recon stone (precast con-
crete) columns with an acid-etched finish at
ground-floor level, and brick-faced panels
above with white recon stone pier infills. The
South Block has black recon stone columns
with a polished finish at ground-floor level
and brick-faced panels above incorporating
pier infills clad with terracotta tiles.
cope with a high degree of exposure to the
weather. From amongst the suppliers willing
to guarantee all faces, in particular the ex-
posed projecting brick on bed faces, a UK-
manufactured Staffordshire Smooth Red
facing brick was selected.
As well as being entirely fit for purpose, the
chosen brick also allowed Thorp Precast to
develop a special positive key for casting, to
minimise cutting and produce two suitably
keyed snap headers with barely any waste.
The panels have been designed to prevent
pigeons roosting on the exposed decorative
brickwork ledges.
Very few cladding panels have been dupli-
cated across this design scheme; therefore,
to eliminate what would have been the pro-
hibitive cost of making so many individual
moulds using traditional mould materials, a
series of profiled formers were made from
polystyrene. These were not only cost-effec-
tive but proved robust enough to be used
several times over.
www.thorpprecast.co.uk

Most of the panels were designed by Thorp

with an emphasis on stacking, so that the
only restraint was taken off the primary
structural steelwork frame, all dead loads
being transferred directly into the founda-
tions. There were some exceptions where
steel stubs were welded to the primary
frame to provide means of support for the
precast panels where the load paths back
to the ground were interrupted.

One of the key issues for the company was

sourcing brick material that would meet
the architectural and planning requirements
for the old Victorian quarter of the city and,
equally importantly, that would have the
appropriate technical characteristics to
 Edition

NEW

Herzog & de Meuron

NEW July 2017
Sandra Hofmeister (Ed).
192 pages. Format 23 32 cm.
Bilingual English/German
ISBN 978-3-95553-378-6
Hardcover: 49.90 / 40. / US$ 70.
+ postage/packing
+ VAT, if applicable

Architecture and construction details

Who hasnt heard of the internationally designs? How detailed is the planning at
renowned architecture rm Herzog & de Herzog & de Meuron?
Meuron of Switzerland, and its unprecedented We scoured our archives at DETAIL and un-
rise since its founding in 1978? covered more than 25 publications since
How do these architects always succeed with 2000, including reports, interviews, technical
innovative approaches, forging individuality contributions and several project les. This
and employing classical materials in hereto- monograph from the DETAIL publishing house
fore unknown ways in their designs? about Herzog & de Meuron delves, as usual,
Where do they nd the inspiration for a bit deeper behind the scenes and describes
their unique ideas, and how do they achieve processes, all while highlighting one thing:
such a condent implementation of their plenty of construction details.

Kettenhemd aus Ziegelstein Tate Modern Switch House Text

Frank Kaltenbach

Die Londoner haben sich fast schon ge zw ngt die Mauer den Besucher zu einer um Sensation: Herzog & de Meuron entkernen
whnt an ihren neuesten Museumsbau laut kreisenden Bewegung hlt ihn zunchst auf die 200 Meter lange fnf Geschosse hohe
dem neuen Brgermeister Sadiq Kahn der Distanz und macht ihm so d e optischen Ver Turbinenhalle zu einem leeren Raum der
bedeutendste Kulturbau Grobritanniens schneidungen der scharfkantigen H le des selbst zum Exponat w rd und als Foyer Vor
der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte Denn obwohl er
Turms bewusst auf der das Licht sekunden tragssaal und Ausstellungsf che genutzt
m t seinen schmalen Sehschlitzen und der schnell wie auf einer kinetischen Leinwand werden kann Nicht zuletzt der Bau von Nor
vorgehngten perforierten Ziegelfassade
etwas dster wirkt und entfernt an das Ket
tenhemd einer R tterrstung erinnert haben
d e Arch tekten die wicht gste Zielvorgabe
spielt und sich bricht Im Inneren wird es zum
Abenteuer we ter hinaufzusteigen kein
Grundriss gle cht dem anderen und auch die
Geschosshhen var ieren Durch das groz
man Fosters Millennium Br dge die die
Blick achse von St Paul s Cathedral zur Tate
fr Fugnger begehbar macht sorgt fr
we tere Besucherstrme nicht nur entlang
Herzog & de Meuron in DETAIL
der Tate bravours gemeistert: Eine einzigar
gige Foyer das mit se nem schluchtartigen der Southbank Promenade sondern direkt
tige knstler sch inspirierte Architekturspra
Luftraum dem Besucher noch einmal Atem aus der C ty
che zu erf nden und gleichzeitig ein Ensemb
verschafft geht es ber gewundene Treppen
le mit dem Altbau zu bilden ohne ihn zu doempor und immer enger am gerumigen Clu Sw tch House versus Boiler House
m nieren Und das trotz einer Gebudehhe braum und der Bar fr die Members vorbei Nur wen ge Jahre spter liegt die Besucher
von 64 Metern die den bestehenden schlan
ken Kamin berragt

V el Bewegung wenig Kunst?

bis zum ffentlichen Restaurant und auf d e
Dachterrasse Mit fast 5000 m2 beanspru
chen diese Bewegungsrume fast ein V ertel
der Gesamtflche Im Vergleich mit den te ls
zahl statt der geschtzten zwei Mil ionen bei
fnf M llionen Besuchern pro Jahr Die Di
rektoren nehmen den erforderlichen Neubau
zum Anlass nicht nur die Ausste lungsflche
Design, materials and facade:
Wer nun erwartet auf den neu entstandenen niedrigen und eher intimen Ausste lungska zu vergrern sondern auch das Profil der
21 000 m2 Nutzflche ausschlielich Kunst
werke vorzufinden w rd enttuscht sein
Denn abgesehen vom Untergeschoss sind
nur das erste zweite und dritte Oberge
binetten und neutra en Wh te Box Slen do
minieren s e den Gesamteindruck

Schaltzentrale des Tate Modern Project

Tate durch die Fokuss erung auf bisher im
internationalen Kunstbetrieb unterreprsen
tierte Themen zu schrfen: die Wrdigung
von Knstlerinnen Performances Fotografie
Details behind an exciting trio
schoss fr d e insgesamt 3500 m2 groe A s Erwe terung e ner der erfolgreichsten und Video Den Wettbewerb 2005 gewinnen
Ausstellungsflche bestimmt Die Rume Kulturinst tut onen der Welt hlt sich der erneut Herzog & de Meuron mit einem Ange
vom v erten b s zum siebten Obergeschoss Baukrper berraschend im Hintergrund bot unterschiedlichster Raumqualitten die
sind den Members der Personalkantine schreibt die Architektursprache und Raum das bere ts vorhandene synerget sch vervoll
und Veranstaltungsrumen vorbehalten folgen mit zeitgemen Mitteln fort und ist kommnet Wo einst das Umspannwerk war
W e be m Zwinger einer Trutzburg sch rmt ntegraler Bestandteil eines langjhrigen
eine kreisfrmige Sttzmauer aus Stampfbe Prozesses des Tate Modern Project Bei
ton den Eingang von der Fugngerzone ab hrer Erffnung im Jahr 2000 ist die Umge
und ermgl cht trotz leicht ansteigendem staltung der ehema igen Bankside Power
ragt heute der Neubau auf das Switch
House Und wie ein auf Torsion vorgespann
ter Drehscha ter scheint sich die Gebude
geometrie vom Erdgeschoss um 45 Grad zu
Projects and processes
Ge nde einen ebenen Vorplatz mit Terras Station aus den 1950er Jahren zu einem drehen bis die Dachterrasse para lel zum
senstufen fr das Caf Vor allem aber Museum zeitgenssischer Kunst eine Altbau orientiert ist und so ihre optische

became its own exhibit and could be used as Oil tanks as foundation facade texturing and the different ncl nations
A Brick Coat of Mail for the Tate Modern Switch House Text
Frank Kaltenbach
a foyer and as a space for talks and exhibi The conceptual starting point and foundation and orientations of the ind vidual facade sur
Londoners have already become accustomed members the staff canteen and special spaces almost 5 000 m2 in extent occupy tions The creation of the Mil ennium Bridge of the new structure are the more than faces enhance the constant y changing play
to their latest museum building wh ch accor events nearly a quarter of the overa l area forming by Norman Foster forming a visual axis with three metre thick re nforced concrete wa ls of light But even on dark and rainy days the
d ng to mayor Sadiq Khan is the most signi Like the outer walls of a cast e a circular the dominant mpression in comparison w th St Paul s Cathedral opened a route for many of the underground oil tanks with their surface creates a v vid mpression A pixel of
ficant cultural bui ding in Britain of the last tamped concrete retaining wa l screens the the often lower and more intimate exhibition more visitors not just along Southbank Pro clover eaf ayout Today they form a nether the brick facade consists of two light and
two decades With its narrow horizontal vie entrance area from the pedestrian zone allo cabinets and neutral wh te box galler es menade but also d rectly from the City world for videos and performance art Newly dark bricks mortared above each other The
wing slits and perforated brick sk n remini wing the creation of a level entrance fore instal ed concrete pil ars can be clearly dist n d fferent colour combinations are distr buted
scent of a coat of mail this add tion to the court with stepped terraces for a cafe The Sw tchboard of the Tate Modern project Switch House vs Boiler House gu shed by their tilt The originally planned n such a way that they create a homogenous
Tate Modern speaks an artistically inspired wa l a so keeps visitors initially at a distance As an extension of one of the most success Just a few years later vis tor numbers have opening date of the 260 mi lion new buil b anket of 336 000 bricks On the edges the
architectural language Desp te its 64 metre from the tower so that they can perceive the ful cultural inst tut ons in the wor d the reached five mill on per year instead of the ding had to be moved by four years due to a bricks are joined l ke hinges and appear ran
height which is higher than the existing th n ntersections of the various planes of the an Sw tch House plays a surprisingly restrained anticipated two mill on The d rectors have lack of sponsorship during the financ al crisis domly cracked The perforat ons also have
chimney it forms an ensemble w th the exis gular outer skin and the interplay of light and role continuing the design anguage and se taken the new building not just as an oppor Thus during the Olympic Games in 2012 statistical benefits: consoles and anchors are
ting structure without dominating it shade on these Ascending ins de is almost ries of spaces with contemporary means and tunity to extend the exhibition spaces but on y the tanks with art installat ons were open open to the w nd result ng in less push and
ike going on an adventure no floor plan is forming simply one further component of the also to sharpen the Tate s profile by sh ft ng to visitors But even after construction of the pull forces and less we ght and their dimen
Lots of movement little art? alike and the storey heights vary From the long term Tate Modern project In 2000 Her attention to areas of art hitherto underrepre Switch House traces of the tanks are still vi sions can therefore be reduced
Not only works of art are housed n the new generous foyer with ts chasm like space zog & de Meuron s convers on of the 1950s sented n the international art scene: the re sible From the roof of the Sw tch House one
bu lding however Of the 21 000 m2 f oor providing air for a breather the route leads Banks de power station into a gal ery for mo levance of fema e artists performance art can still see the clover leaf layout of the Catalyst for the South Bank
area only 3 500 m2 are exh bition areas in up a wind ng sculptural staircase past the dern art caused a sensat on Herzog & de photography and video Herzog & de Meu outer walls which is traced by the l ne of the The Switch House helps reposition not just
the basement and on the first to third floors club room and members bar to a public res Meuron turned the 200 metre long five sto ron s successful competition entry in 2005 forecourt retaining wa l the Tate Modern but the who e area The
The sixth to eighth storeys are reserved for taurant and roof terrace The circulation rey Turbine Hall nto an empty space that proposed a wide range of spatial qual t es to huge volume of the former power station no
complement the existing faci ities Where the Transparent brick building? onger has its old rear face At pedestrian
1 Ausstellungsflchen im Exhibition areas in the former transformer station stood the new From across the Thames the s lhouette of evel it has been opened to the Thames and
Bo ler House former bo ler house 8 structure rises with a geometry that seems to the Sw tch House seems almost to merge to the neighbourhood with entrances and th
2 Tu binenhalle m t Verbin Turbine hall with l nking 7 turn itself by 45 from the ground floor to the with the neighbouring sim larly high and fully roughways from three sides Despite its rela
dungssteg im dritten br dge at th rd floor level
Obe geschoss roof terrace so that the latter is paral el to glazed housing scheme by Rogers Stirk Har tively low he ght the 9th floor roof terrace of
the f rst museum and enters a visual relati bour One can see why Herzog & de Meuron the Switch House offers a spectacular 360
3 Foyer mit E ngang aus der Foyer with entrance from
Tu binenhalle tu bine hall
onship with t The dynamic vertical ty of the in tially proposed a glass sk n for the r new view and many w ll choose this free v ew over
structure s dialectically juxtaposed with the bu lding On y in the revision phase was the the horrendous entry prices for the viewing
4 erformance und Video Performance art and
nstallat on in den ehe video areas n former oil 1 restrained enfi ades of the exist ng Bo ler glazed tower enclosed in a br ck coat of mail p atform on the 72nd floor of the Shard
6
maligen tanks tank structure House where the steam used to be pro which engenders a greater sense of unity
5 Foyer Shop und Caf Foyer shop and cafe duced while the large Turbine Hall forms a between the Switch House and Giles Gi bert
2
linking element At basement level and via a Scott s exist ng structure as well as providing
6 Ausstellungsflchen im Exhibition areas in Switch 5 3
Switch House House
new bridge at th rd floor evel vis tors have sunshading and retaining the monolith c
4 3 access through this belly of the New Tate overall character At dusk light shines th
7 Restaurant Restaurant
from the Switch House to the former Bo ler rough the brise sole l brick sk n transforming
8 Dachterrasse Roof terrace House the building into a lantern By day the strong
038 DETAIL 9/2016 Tate Modern, London 039

detail.de/herzog-de-meuron
76 2017 4

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 2017 4 Interior Design 77

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78 Interior Design
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 Edition

Net zero energy buildings

2011. Karsten Voss, Eike Musall.
192 pages with numerous
drawings and photos.
Format 26 21 cm.
ISBN 978-3-920034-80-5
Paperback: 49.90 / 40. / US$ 70.
+ postage/packing
+ VAT, if applicable
Green Books

Living and working with a stable energy balance

Net zero energy buildings, equilibrium build- of experts from an international energy agency
ings or carbon neutral cities depending on has concerned itself with these topics. The
location and the reasons for making the calcu- objective is to analyse exemplary buildings
lation, the numbers are run differently. The va- that are near a zero-energy balance in order to
riety of terms in use indicates that a scientic develop methods and tools for the planning,
method is still lacking which is a problem not design and operation of such buildings. The
just in regard to international communication, results are documented in this publication:
but also with respect to planning processes In addition to the presentation of selected
as a response to energy challenges. The clari- projects, it is not just architectural showcase
cation and meaning of the most important projects that are shown the focus is on
terms in use is extremely important for their relaying knowledge and experience gained
implementation. Since October 2008, a panel by planners and builders.

150
ma

gy nc ud ng househo d e ec ric ty in one year Sur consumpt on was approx ma ely 10 % h gher than heat recovery of he heat exchanger wh ch is lower
er
en plus generated electr ci y s ed nto the public grid ni ia ly expec ed han planned for appears dec s ve for he increased
ro
Pr mary energy c ed t [kWh

120 ze (Fig B 05 08 p 76) The displays that show nd v dual energy consump consumpt on of the heating coil However raising
Net t on figures had less influence on energy use than he air low vo ume of the exhaust a r heat pump 1
76 LESSONS LEARNED The build ng was complete y ni ia ly assumed The balance is ef ec ive only with would not of er any overa l energy advantage on 77
90

60
occupied between March 2009 and July 2010 so
hat the figures from the irst year of opera ion be ore
hat do not represent the performance of he ul y
occupied building and in a number of cases had to
be extrapo ated Over a period of two years a pro
res den s who are h gh y aware of he theme of
susta nabil ty or are interested n lower service costs
Desp te carefully selected tenants a bonus /ma us
of between 70 and 150 /a does not seem to offer
suf ic ent incentive for people to adapt their living
account of the increased vent la ion heat osses A
vo ume f ow regulator now allows operation at two
evels Level 1 with 50 % of the maximum air f ow
vo ume is the standard setting evel 2 a lows 100 %
or operat on at maximum heat pump loads For
B 05 08 Energy evalua ion
B 05 09 View of inte ior w th small wood bu ning stoves and
k tchen
B 05 10 Diagram of mon hly balance p imary energy
B 05 11 Detail cross sec ion roo /floor slab/exterior wall
Representation of a comprehensive
scale 1 20

gram recorded the metered consumption the in eri
30
or temperatures and the performance of the so ar
electricity plant the facade col ectors and the
0 storage system
0 30 60 90 120 150 The first resu ts indicate hat small departures from
Primary energy supply kWh /m a] planning data can endanger the concept of he zero
or energy p us bu lding n opera ion The behav our
The following aspects result in the Net ZEB 11 Standard of the tenants di fered from that of simulated ideal
z Measured annual total primary ene gy consump ion includ
ing household elect icity (45 kWh/m a)
enants The assumed room temperature of 20 C n
z Bu lding specific p imary ene gy consump ion w nter was too op im s ic the rea ity were tempera
balancing methodology
hab ts condit on ng he ooms by he intake a r of the venti 1 Oak boards on heating screed 90 mm
On exam ning the performance of he plant and at on system 500 m /h at a total interior volume Impact sound absorption 20 mm
the nterac ion of the individual components t was of rough y 7000 m is suff cient The annual perf Thermal insulation 10 mm
Reinforced concrete 220 mm
revealed that he heating output of he exhaust air ormance coeff cient of the exhaust air heat pump 2 P isma ic safety glass 6 mm
heat pump s of cr tical importance for supplemen of 3 5 mee s expectations The fact hat the poorly as cover
tal hot water provis on on co d and overcast winter nsulated heat pump cools down the ut l ty room and Facade co lecto s
days If there is no solar heat ava lable n the her he venti at on duc s f tted there which are not nsu Absorber/air cavity 42 mm 2
mal storage tanks only the wood burning storage ated s regarded as problematic Insula ion 60 mm mine al wool
Wood frame 100 45 mm
stoves (F g B 05 09) and the heat pump se ve as Desp te hese diff cu ties the annual energy balance Rear wall 8 mm OSB
back up As hey are subject to he nf uence of of the f rst year of measurements 2009/2010 was Gypsum f b e panel 15 mm

Explanation and usage contexts of

(16 kWh/m a) ures of 22 C The sunshade sys ems were used the users hese alternat ves are d fficult to control pos tive A c ear electr city surp us compensates for Timber joists 40 y 360 mm
z Consumption after mon hly coverage of own needs by PV not on y during summer months to avoid overheat ng At temperatures below 5 C the earth ube heat a sma l sho tfa l in the heat ba ance Inf lled ce lulose insula ion
electric ty 11 kWh/m a) OSB panel 15 mm 3
on days wi h extreme solar radiation but also to pro exchanger relative y small due to imited space The architect justif es the h gh personal and f nanc al
z Seasonal balance of remaining consumption Vapour barrier
z Annual electric ty plus and heat transfer to neighbouring ect against g are due to the low position of the sun warms the external air less strong y than had been expend ture with the extensive gain in know how Services level 60 mm
bu lding (24 kWh/m a) n winter This however reduced the passive so ar expected and can scarce y condit on the fresh air hat resulted from this demonstrat on project Future framing hermal insula ion
Gypsum f b e panel 15 mm 3
heat ga ns as d d a gri le of ouvers at the level of to a rost free level Thus the supply a r needs projects wi l profit from th s experience
The low consump ion reveals that he bu lding was st ll pa tly
unoccupied in 2010 The energy plus achieved shows hat
an equa ised energy balance should also be poss ble w th fu l
occupancy Primary ene gy factors according to SIA 2031
(see Fig A 2 07 p 31)
he w ndow parapets that was itted later Together
w th he real cl matic condi ions n he irst winter
(according to Metro Schweiz January 2010 was
he co dest mon h in 29 years) opera ive heat ng
addi ional warm ng rom the reverse f ow heat ex
changer or the heat ng co l n a standard situation
the earth tube heat exchanger serves so ely to keep
the system free rom frost As resu t the degree of
The bu lding has already rece ved the Swiss and the
European So ar Prize and n 2010 it was given the
irst Norman Foster So ar Award thus emphasising
ts function as a ro e model
Adobe render 10 mm
3 Mineral wool insula ion
4 Wood frame window w th t iple glazing
B 05 12 Building and ene gy pa ameters (values refer to net
floor area NFA) 4
crucial terminology
Ventilation system Wood stoves Photovo taic system
SITE Bennau CH) Photovoltaic system area 261 m BUILD NG PARAMETERS
Household electric ty Lighting Heat pump Heat surplus Annual global radiation at s te ca 1200 kWh/m a System area per m 0 20 m /m Net floor area NFA 1380 m
10
a

Annual mean temperature at site 9 5 C Photovoltaic capacity 32 kW Gross loor area GFA 1403 m
9 Context ural Capac ty per m 23 00 W /m Gross volume V 3941 m
[kWh/m

Energy balancing in building practice

8 Bu lding envelope A 1557 m
BU LD NG ENVELOPE QUALITIES W/m2K GRID INFRASTRUCTURE AND ENERGY SOURCES Surface to volume ratio A/V 0 39 m /m
7 U value exte ior wa ls 0 11 Supply infrastructure electricity g id de iveries Number of units 7
6 U value windows (incl frames) 0 57 0 79 Ene gy source supply log wood elect icity Total number of users 23
U value roof surface 0 11 Feed in infrastructure electricity g id local hea ing network
5 U value ce ling slab to basement 0 18 Feed in energy source electricity heat CONSUMPTION PARAMETERS (2010) kWh/m a
4 Mean U value bu lding envelope 0 20 Space heating consumption 15
DESIGN STRATEGIES CONCEPTUAL FOCUS Water hea ing consumption 14
3 BU LD NG EQU PMENT PARAMETERS Passive house concept MINERGIE P ECO mechanical vent la Site energy consump ion for heat
2 Area of solar collectors 150 m ion w th heat recovery expe led air heat pump photovoltaic (including hot wate ) 11
Area per m 0 11 m /m ar ays solar thermal system heat ecovery from waste water Electric ty consump ion 18
B 05 08 1 Thermal storage volume 27 000 l ene gy display for tenants wood burning small storage stoves Total prima y energy consump ion 45
B 05 09 B 05 11

Implementation examples of zero energy

0 Storage volume per m 19 60 l/m feed in of heat Total prima y energy generation 69
B 05 10 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec B 05 12

LARGE RESIDENTIAL BU LDINGS KRAFTWERK B IN BENNAU

and plus energy buildings

Typology-oriented cross-sectional views

of international projects

detail.de/green-books
80 Interior Design
New colours and ranges join extensive collection of rugs and runners
Tapis dAvignon rugs are made by Roger
Oates Design from a traditional French cloth
that combines rich colour with subtle soft-
ness underfoot. Individual geometric pieces
of the heavily felted Mouflon wool are used
in chequerboard and striped designs. Con-
trasting or toning decorative stitching is
used to join the pieces.
Colours added to the collection for 2017 are
Blush, Buckskin, Rust, Coral, Gris, Taupe,
Sage and Pewter. This brings the total to 29,
giving an extensive choice of combinations,
which means the rugs can be bold and
modern or calm and understated. They can
be sized to suit any space.
Also new this year, in the Eastern Collection,
are Kobe and Kyoto 100 % wool flatweave
stair runners. The fine, delicate lines of col-
our in Kobe create a subtle, flecked tweed
design, whilst Kyoto magnifies the dominant
shades to give bold stripes that are non-
symmetrical but balanced in hue and tone.
Both come in the soft pastel shades of Blos-
som, the exuberant colours of Lantern, the
elegance of Jade and the harmonious grey
hues of Storm. Kobe is additionally available
in Mimosa, a warm lemon mixed with soft
greys, and Strata, which interweaves the
rich tones of a volcanic landscape.
Each design stands alone or they can be
laid together for added impact, as shown
below in Lantern colourway. When using
them together the customary arrangement
would be to upholster the stairs in the more
dramatic design, as has been done here,
but this can be reversed to give a finely
striped runner on the stairs leading on to a
boldly decked landing. Seen top is an area
rug in Kyoto Blossom.
www.rogeroates.com
2017 4
Sofa will suit gentlemen and ladies
The Elliot by Ditre Italia is described as a
gentlemans sofa for the retro living room.
Designed by Stefano Spessotto and Lorella
Agnoletto, it has a high back for comfort,
whilst the slender armrests give an elegant
effect. The sofa is available in fabric, leather
or a combination of the two, creating a con-
trast between the upholstery of the exterior
and the cushions.
It comes in 2- and 3-seater options, with a
choice of foot types including the Epoque
foot, a vintage design inspired by the shape
of a walking stick, and the wood foot with a
brass tip. Also available are corner units,
chaises longues and a footstool that can be
used as a seat or as a multi-purpose top if
fitted with a lacquered sheet metal tray.
www.ditreitalia.com

Certificat on the systems in deta l
since rece v ng cert ficat on A terat ons to
the bu ld ng services pr or to re certif ca
t on are ncorporated in the assessment
of the bu ld ngs energy efficiency All
cert fication processes are based on the
requ rements of the currently valid ver
sion of he rating system Credits which
were not part of the or ginal cert fication
scheme can be ncorporated and consid
ered in the re cert ficat on
Sys em structure
The LEED cert f cation s based on a point
system Points are awarded for the fulf l
ment of nd v dual cred ts With the excep
t on of the rat ng systems LEED ND and
LEED Homes all of the systems divide
the predetermined cred ts into seven
categories
Sustainable Sites SS
Water Effic ency WE
Energy & Atmosphere EA
Materials & Resou ces MR
Indoor Env ronmental Qual ty IEQ
Regional P ior ty RP
Innovation & Design ID
The we ghting of the categor es d ffers
sligh ly between the rating systems
(Fig 2 21)
Submission of documents
25 days 1st review by GBCI
Amendmen s made
25 days
by project eam
15 days 2nd review by GBCI
25 days App oval of review
2 20
2 20 Timescale of a LEED review
2 21 Weighting of the catego ies according o the
di ferent LEED rating systems
2 22 List of ca ego ies and credi s including the
number of points a tainable using LEED NC
(New Construction & Major Renovations) by
way of example
42
Edition
A holistic approach to the assessment of sustainability
Certication systems for buildings, such
as BREEAM, LEED or DGNB, aim to make
sustainability in architecture transparent
and provide a means of comparison. At the
same time, the systems are subject to dy-
namic development, and it is very apparent
that the individual systems are in competi-
tion with one another.
This book provides insight into the many fac-
ets of green labels. The most important cer-
ticates with their system variants and as-
Apart from the minimum number of points
required for he level of LEED cert ficat on
aimed at he e are so called prerequi
sites which must be met In he case of
he rating system LEED NC the following
prerequisites are mandatory
Susta nable S tes (SS P1)
reduce dust generation waterway sedi
mentation and soil erosion caused by
construction act v ties
Water E ficiency (WE P1)
reduce water consumption by 20 % n
compa ison to the LEED baseline value
[19]
Energy and Atmosphere (EA P1)
fundamental comm ss on ng of building
energy systems
Energy and Atmosphere (EA P2)
compl ance wi h minimum requirements
for ene gy efficiency based on the
standard ASHRAE 90 1 2007
Energy and Atmosphere (EA P3)
zero use of CFC based refrigerants
Materials and Resources (MR P1)
prov de a dedicated area for storage
and co lect on of recyclables during the
operation phase at least including the
recycling of paper corrugated card
board glass plast cs and meta s
Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ P1)
4 4
6 6
15
12
13
14
37
35
10
10
26 28
LEED NC LEED CS LEED EB
Regional Prio ity
Innova ion & Design
Indoor Environmental Qua i y
Materials & Resources
meet m nimum requi ements of indoor
air qual ty based on he standard
ASHRAE 62 1 2007 [20]
Indoor Envi onmental Quality ( EQ P2)
prohib t smoking n he entire build ng
except n designated areas
Dependent on existing environment pro
tect on requ rements and local building
standards in the nd vidual countr es
even the m n mum requi ements for
example concerning the equired energy
efficiency are a real challenge Construc
tion projects in Ge many usua ly meet the
m n mum requ rements due to the prevail
ing high standards However the require
men s concerning the protection of non
smokers must be cons dered at an early
stage and the commiss oning st ll made
l ttle use of in Ge many must a so be
incorpo ated nto the des gn and con
struction phase at an early planning
stage
In the follow ng the contents of the indi
v dual categor es are descr bed n detail
and using the LEED NC rating system as
an example a l credi s are listed w th the
number of achievable po nts In he case
of LEED t s not possible to meet only a
propo tion of a cred t s requiremen s the
4 4 4 such a way that it equires l ttle or no rri
6 6 6 gation (Fig 2 25 p 45)
15 19 17
10
13
14
35
33
37
14
11
11
26 24
21
LEED for Schools LEED CI
Ene gy & A mosphere
Water Efficiency
Sus ainable Sites
2 21
equirements of the cred t are e ther met
or not The only exception s made for the
credi s WE 3 Water Use Reduction
EA 1 Opt m se Energy Pe formance and
EA 2 On site Renewable Energy The
number of po nts awarded for these cred
ts depends on the degree of fu filment In
he case of LEED there is no mult plying
system similar to hose for other rating
systems and points are awarded d rectly
(Fig 2 22)
Sustainable S tes
The category Sustainable Sites focuses
on the locat on of the build ng Protect ng
land esources by select ng an already
developed s te or even contaminated
bu ld ng land and protecting or rehabili
tat ng parkland s rated positively The
location of the property and i s env ron
ment has direct influence on traff c reduc
tion good access to publ c transportat on
and proximity to res dent al areas offering
public services s ated highly
Water e ficiency
The aim of the aspect Water Eff c ency
s to reduce he consumption of water
dur ng the operat on of the bu ld ng This
can be achieved by nstall ng water sav
ng sanitary fi tings us ng ra n or greywa
ter and plann ng the exterior landscape in
Energy and Atmosphere
The ma n aspects of the category Energy
and Atmosphere are the credits Opti
m se Energy Performance and On site
Renewable Energy wh ch together can
contr bute as many as 26 points towards
he maximum of 110 points The energy
eff c ency is generally determined by per
forming a dynamic simulat on of the bu ld
ng based on hourly wea her data
hroughout the cou se of a whole refer
ence year in accordance w th the
ASHRAE Standard 90 1 2007 Append x
G [21] In contrast to the German Energy
Performance D rective (Energ ereinspar
verordnung EnEV) not he pr mary
energy demand s evaluated but the sav
ngs in energy costs n relation to a refer
ence value All energy flows within the
bu ld ng are cons de ed Apart from the
energy demand for bu ld ng services and
light ng LEED also takes account of the
energy demand to cover office equip
ment kitchen appliances exter or light
ng etc (F g 2 23 2 24 and 2 26)
Green building
certication systems
Thilo Ebert, Natalie Eig,
Gerd Hauser, 2011.
144 pages with numerous
drawings and photos.
Format 21 29.7 cm.
ISBN 978-3-920034-54-6
Hardcover: 59.90 / 48. / US$ 84.
+ postage/packing
+ VAT, if applicable
Green Books
sessment methods are introduced in detail,
and information on the certication process-
es and costs is provided. Selected buildings
are used to illustrate the core themes, the
certication processes and the differences
between the various labels. Green build-
ing certication systems is therefore an
important reference book for architects and
planners, clients and project managers, as
well as manufacturers and construction
companies.
Case Studies LEED Kathar num Leipz g
Ach evab e cred s n
the complete absence or low levels of these areas w th fresh a r and cond tions 90 1 2007 Append x G The assessment compact building envelope w th good
C ed ts ach eved n
the p ann ng phase
the bu d ng phase
Number of cred ts
Max mum cred s
harmful substances in the Katha inum them by means of a VRV system that is is based on an hou ly year round s mula nsulat on qualit es
F na comp ance
Not ach evab e
project from the very start laid out acco ding to he individual tion of the ent re bu ld ng in which all external shading devices contro led via
spaces and can be operated in both energy elated systems and demands a metrolog cal station
a med for
cred ts
Energy and indoor c imate concept heating and cooling modes includ ng o fice appliances are taken nto ntelligent operat on of l ghting by
eve
LEED Category
The Kathar num is suppl ed wi h heat from The energy requi ements for the project account The ASHRAE Standard means of movement sensors LEED-NC 3 0)
the city of Le pzig s distr ct heating net were calculated during he plann ng assesses the energy e ficiency of he controlled vent lation in the living areas Sustainable si es 26 3 2 21 23 88 5 %
work The primary energy factor of distr ct phase accord ng to the German energy building on he bas s of energy costs eff c ent plant technology Wa er e ficiency 10 4 0 6 6 60 0 %
heat ng (end energy consumed d v ded saving ordnances EnEV 2007 as well as ra her than energy demands This means shutdown of active cooling n off ce
Energy and atmosphere 35 16 5 14 19 54 3 %
by the prima y energy used in prov d ng it) EnEV 2009 The Katharinum achieves a that he d fferent values of the var ous space when the w ndows a e opened
Materials and resources 14 10 4 0 4 28 6 %
is 0 42 Underfloor heating w th low supply f gure 45% below the legal maximum pri k nds of energy are inhe en ly cons d
flow tempe atures heats the inter or mary energy requirements as defined in ered In direct compa ison to the mini The ndoor climate concept appl ed Indoor environmental qua i y 15 5 4 6 10 66 7 %
space A contro led vent lation system w th EnEV 2007 and 22 % below the max mum mum requ rements of a reference bu ld ensures hat the requirements of thermal Innova ion in design 6 2 3 1 4 66 7 %
LEED heat recovery m nim ses the vent lation f gures in EnEV 2009 According to ing according to ASHRAE Standard comfort as ca led for n the standard Final sco e 106 40 18 48 66 62 3 %
heat ng demand of the apartments and in DIN V 18 599 the primary energy 90 1 2007 the planned building achieves ASHRAE 55 (room temperature room air Cer ification rating (with the credi s achieved in the cons ruction phase) Gold
winter offers a h gh level of hyg enic com demand of the building s approx 114 a sav ng of 38 % n energy costs In speed rad ation asymmetry vertical tem
including credits to be achieved in the construc ion phase
fort The res dents can however st ll open kWh/m a te ms of LEED NC 3 0 h s rep esents perature asymmetry) are met The LEED 6 13
Index Category Credit Points
the w ndows The o fice spaces can be In add tion to high qual ty in terms of 14 out of 19 possible po n s for the c ed t requ rements rega ding ndividual control 40 50 60 80 106
SS Sustainable Sites 26 naturally ventilated by operable w ndows energy the client attached particular Energy Eff ciency The final energy of thermal comfo t for at least 50 % of
SS P1 Construction Ac ivity Po lution Preven ion R When the outdoor temperatures n sum mportance to an energy eff c ent opera demand calculated according to building users are met due to operable Not classi ied Cer ified Silver Gold Platinum
SS 1 Site Selec ion 1 mer are high the heating load n he t on and carried out the commiss oning ASHRAE Standa d 90 1 s 46 % below the windows as well as thermal control pan
SS 2 Development Density and Communi y Connectivi y 5
office spaces s removed by means of a (enhanced start up and optimisation of figure for the reference build ng defined e s in each room
International framework conditions
SS 3 Brownfield Redevelopment 1
SS 4 1 Alternative Transpor ation Public Transpor ation Access 6 VRV (variable refr gerant volume) system building operation) w th own staff To in the standard The fact hat the energy Ka ha inum Leipzig Further 18 credits
Ce ti ica ion goal Gold
In th s system a refrigerant ra her than ensure low energy consumption in the sav ngs compared to he basel ne LEED cer ifica ion 48 credi s al eady awa ded (as of August 2010) aimed for
SS 4 2 Alternative Transpor ation Bicycle Storage and Changing Rooms 1
SS 4 3 Alternative Transpor ation Low Emi ting and Fuel E ficient Vehicles 3 the media water or air transpo ts the future the build ng operator and the facil defined by EnEV 2007 (45 % primary The cl ent decided upon a LEED certifica 48 66
SS 4 4 Alternative Transpor ation Parking Capacity 2 6 14
energy out of the space The windows in ty management team w ll carry out energy sav ng) and ASHRAE 90 1 2007 tion at the sta t of the design stage Spe
SS 5 1 Site Development Protect or Restore Habitat 1
SS 5 2 Site Development Maximize Open Space 1
the office areas are fitted with electr cal energy monitoring (measurement and (46 % final energy saving) are practically c fic investments in innovat ve technology
for sustainable building
SS 6 1 S ormwa er Design Quan i y Con rol 1 contacts which interrupt the cooling ver fication) This monitoring s based on the same is coinc dental and cannot be and he result ng focus of the planning bly ach evable poss bly achievable and the questions from the GBCI in the review
SS 6 2 S ormwa er Design Quality Control 1 system when the w ndows are opened a building energy simulat on n which he assumed for o her projects on meeting LEED requ rements were not ach evable A po nt or a criterion was had been answered and clarified he
SS 7 1 Heat Island Effect Non oof 1 avo ding he inefficiency hat results from actual and ideal states are compared so In addit on to the characterist cs of the intended above all to reduce operating assessed as achievable f the requi e GBCI conf rmed all subm tted LEED
SS 7 2 Heat Island Effect Roof 1
open windows while he a r conditioning as to dent fy the potential for opt misat on building ment oned above the following cos s ments had already been met and only c iteria
SS 8 Light Pollution Reduc ion 1
WE Wa er Efficiency 10 is runn ng and to implement any changes aspects are also responsible for the good The ce tif cation of the Kathar num project had to be documented during the imple To secure the evaluation submitted to the
WE P1 Water Use Reduction by 20 % R The retail areas also have underfloor The evaluation of the energy e ficiency resu ts in both assessment processes n is based on the ve s on LEED NC 3 0 for mentation The category very probably GBCI in the category Opt m se Energy
WE 1 1 Water E ficient Landscaping reduc ion of domes ic water consumption by 50 % 2 heat ng A vent lation system suppl es was carried out on the basis of ASHRAE te ms of energy e ficiency New Const uction and Major Renovations achievable was chosen where plaus ble Performance (cred t EA 1) a formal
WE 1 2 Water E ficient Landscaping no use of domestic wa er 2 The ntention of conducting the assess assumptions had to be confirmed by a appeals procedure was requested as the
WE 2 Innova ive Was ewater Technology 2
ment in the early des gn phase was to hi d person proofs or calculations were GBCI even after answers had been given
WE 3 Water Use Reduction by 30 % / 35 % / 40 % 4
define he cha acter stics of he building required or sma ler cost neutral changes to the questions from the f rst rev ew did
EA Energy & A mosphere 35
Certication systems in detail:
EA P1 Fundamen al Commissioning of Bu lding Energy Systems R to ach eve he des red cert fication level to he des gn were to be carr ed out If not awa d the targeted number of po nts
EA P2 Minimum Energy Performance R SS In the process the general likelihood of mode ate econom cally v able alterations The appeal was accepted by the GBCI
EA P3 Fundamen al Ref igerant Management R 100% the build ng to rece ve cert fication n he or a more stringent specif cation of the and he assessment submi ted was ulti
EA 1 Optimise Energy Perfo mance 19
80% essential criter a (prerequisites) was qualities were requ red the relevant point mately confirmed
EA 2 On site Renewable Ene gy 7
EA 3 Enhanced Commissioning 2 Platinum 60% exam ned he possible cert ficat on rating was categor sed as possibly achieva
16 ID WE
EA 4 Enhanced Refrige ant Management 2 was established along w th its potent al ble The cred ts that on account of he Status of cert fication
BREEAM, LEED, DGNB, MINERGIE, HQE,
EA 5 Measu ement and Ve i ication 3
40%
impact on costs and deadl nes those circumstances or the design solut on Shor ly befo e complet on of the bu lding
EA 6 Green Power 2 35 20%
responsible in the project team were could not be mplemented in the Kathari (state August 2010) it can be assumed
MR Ma e ials & Resources 14
0% named and he approach to he cert fica num for a reasonable expenditure were that the LEED certificat on rating Gold
MR P1 S orage and Collec ion of Recyclables R
MR 1 1 Bu lding Reuse Maintain 55 % of Exis ing Wa ls Floors and Roof 1 tion itse f was defined categorised as not ach evable wi l be achieved The number of credits
36
MR 1 1 Bu lding Reuse Maintain 75 % of Exis ing Wa ls Floors and Roof 1 The LEED assessment carried out during In he Ka harinum he compl ance levels and he compl ance levels n he ind v d
MR 1 1 Bu lding Reuse Maintain 95 % of Exis ing Wa ls Floors and Roof 1
EU GreenBuilding Programme, CASBEE
EQ EA the plann ng phase revealed hat a s lver n he ind v dual categor es were depicted ual categor es ach eved at this stage are
MR 1 2 Bu lding Reuse Main ain 50 % of fit out 1 Gold 19
MR 2 1 Construction Waste Management 50 % of a l waste is ecycled 1
cert ficat on can be ach eved wi hout n what a e known as radar char s wh ch shown n Fig 6 13
MR 2 2 Construction Waste Management 75 % of a l waste is ecycled 1 Cer i ied major changes in the design and wi hout relate to the assessment points as well as With the 48 credi s conf rmed by the
MR 3 1 Materials Reuse 5 % 1 S lver additional const uction costs Even a gold to he compl ance level achieved in the GBCI in the design phase submi tal he
MR 3 2 Materials Reuse 10 % 1 MR
cert ficat on was seen as poss bility respect ve catego y (Fig 6 12) minimum goal LEED S lver has al eady
MR 4 1 Recycled Con ent 10 % 1 6 10
Dur ng the planning process the llustra Upon conclus on of the detail design been almost achieved In the construction
MR 4 2 Recycled Con ent 20 % 1 6 10 Plan of s andard loor Scale 1 1000 not achievable SS Sustainable Sites
MR 5 1 Regional Materials 10 % 1 6 11 Ring chart showing the achievable cer i ication WE Water Ef iciency
tion of the result in the form of a ring dia phase he documentat on of the criter a phase a max mum of 18 add t onal cred
possibly achievable
MR 5 2 Regional Materials 20 % 1 levels in he planning process very probably achievable EA Ene gy and A mosphere gram showed he cert ficat on level that relevant to the design known as Design i s s a med at so that wi h a total of 66
MR 6 Rapidly Renewable Materials 1 6 12 Radar chart showing he achievable credi s per achievable MR Ma e ials and Resources
ca egory (result of the LEED assessment in he IEQ Indoor Envi onmen al Qua ity
could be achieved (Fig 6 11) Dur ng the LEED Credits were subm tted to the possible c ed ts a good cushion s pro
MR 7 Cer i ied wood 1
design phase) ID Innovations planning and construction the ind v dual Green Building Cert ficat on Institute vided for achiev ng the LEED rating
IEQ Indoor Environmen al Qua ity 15
Planning processes and documentation
6 13 Assessment esult sho tly before comple ion
IEQ P1 Minimum Indoor Air Qua ity Perfo mance R 6 14 Cer i ication result aimed for according o LEED
cr teria of the system were divided nto (GBCI) to be assessed and checked as Gold which is awarded from 60 credi s
IEQ P2 Environmen al Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Cont ol R NC 3 0 (status August 2010) four categories ach evable very proba part of the design phase submi tal After upwards (F g 6 14)
6 11 6 12
IEQ 1 Outdoor Air De ivery Moni o ing 1
IEQ 2 Increased Vent la ion 1 120 121
IEQ 3 1 Construction Indoor Air Qua i y Management Plan During Construction 1
IEQ 3 2 Construction Indoor Air Qua i y Management Plan Before Occupancy 1
requirements
IEQ 4 1 Low Emi ting Materials Adhesives and Sealants 1
IEQ 4 2 Low Emi ting Materials Pain s and Coatings 1
IEQ 4 3 Low Emi ting Materials Floo ing Systems 1
IEQ 4 4 Low Emi ting Materials Composite Wood and Ag i iber Produc s 1
IEQ 5 Indoor Chemical and Pollu ant Source Con rol 1
IEQ 6 1 Contro labi i y of Sys ems Lighting 1
IEQ 6 2 Contro labi i y of Sys ems The mal Comfo t 1
IEQ 7 1 Thermal Comfort Design 1
IEQ 7 2 Thermal Comfort Ve i ication 1
IEQ 8 1 Daylight and Views Daylight 75 % of he Surface 1
IEQ 8 2 Daylight and Views Views 90 % of he Su face 1
ID Innovation & Design 6
ID 1 1 1 5 Innova ion in Design 5
Market potential for green building certicates
ID 2 LEED Accredi ed P ofessional 1
RP Regional C edits 4
RP 1 1 1 4 Regional P iority 4
R equirement
2 22
43
Certication costs
Project examples
detail.de/green-books
82 Interior Design
Distressed appearance is key feature of extended product lines
Iris Ceramica continues its collaboration
with international lifestyle brand Diesel Liv-
ing by launching seven new product lines of
floor and wall tiles. The surfaces accentuate
the aesthetic characteristics of materials
marked by time and stressed by heat and
light. Wood and stone combine with oxi-
dised sheets and grids of metal, glass and
cement in a continuous play of reflection
and shade, offering a new outlook for con-
temporary living, says the company.
Said the Iris Ceramic Group CEO Federica
Minozzi, If the goal of this collaboration in
2016 was to demonstrate the potential of
porcelain stoneware and the ability of Iris
Ceramica to make it take on original visual
aspects and unexpected tactile qualities,
this year its to develop a more extensive
design disposition around these technical
skills, fully capitalising on the distinct,
unique character of this partnership.
The new offerings were designed to meet
the requirements of the most demanding
and creative consumer, but are also offered
as a broad and alternative array of solutions
at the service of the world of contract. Top
is Grunge Concrete on the wall in Rebel
Black 60 60 cm tiles and on the floor in
Scratch Tan 120 60 cm tiles. Above, left,
is the 10 30 cm Shades of Blinds wall tile
in Pink with Grunge Concrete Scratch Black
120 60 cm tile used for the flooring. Be-
low, Combustion in Black Cracked 120
20 cm size tile on the wall has been teamed
with Combustion in Beige colourway on the
floor in size 120 30 cm.
Other new designs comprise: Arizona Con-
crete, which resembles a cement-like sur-
face; Fence, a woven mesh decoration;
Ribbed Monochrome whose surface is char-
acterised by metallic and crazing finishes;
and Ribbed Oxide, with nuances of shaded
colour and relief markings giving an effect of
oxidised metal. In total there are now 12 col-
lections of surfaces, between them offering
a rich colour palette with a wide choice of
different finishes and decorative designs to
enable the creation of individual, contempo-
rary room schemes.
www.irisceramica.com
2017 4
New colours refresh the palette
Forbo Flooring Systems has refreshed its
Furniture Linoleum Desktop surfacing col-
lection with a new contemporary colour
palette. The rejuvenated range now offers
specifiers and designers a modern, natural
surfacing material that delivers a beautiful
high-end finish to a variety of furniture de-
signs, says the company.
This product has won a number of design
accolades, including the Red Dot design
award, the award for Good Industrial Design
and the Interzum Award. Sustainability is al-
so a key factor; Furniture Linoleum Desktop
is manufactured using a very finely ground
linoleum granulate, created from linseed oil
and natural pine rosin, to which wood flour
and colour pigments are added.
The satin-matt surface is designed to ac-
quire a patina over time and, combined with
its warm and tactile texture, will give a dis-
tinctive and individual look and feel to items
such as desks, chairs, doors and cabinets.
Another feature is that it doesnt show fin-
gerprints. The new palette offers a selection
of 21 shades ranging from soft and natural
hues to vibrant colours, in addition to classic
greys and black.
www.forbo-flooring.co.uk/furniturelinoleum
 Edition

Roberto Gonzalo
Rainer Vallentin
Planning and design of
energy-efficient buildings

Passive House Design

Passive Roberto Gonzalo, Rainer Vallentin, 2014.
144 pages with numerous
House illustrations and photos.
Format 21 29.7 cm.
Design ISBN 978-3-95553-220-8
Paperback: 59.90 / 48. / US $ 84.
+ postage/packing
Green Books
+ VAT, if applicable
Green Books

Designing for energy efciency

In the course of the last two decades, the dence required to deal with the passive
passive house standard has evolved into house standard. It shows where there is sig-
a key benchmark for energy-efcient con- nicant scope for design and explains design
struction. Passive houses are being erected strategies that lead to better passive houses.
in almost all parts of the world and for all A selection of international buildings illustrate
types of users. At the same time, many ar- how design, construction and building tech-
chitects are unsure about the specics: What nology combine in passive houses. Chapters
do passive houses really deliver, and what on building physics, building services engi-
errors need to be avoided during planning? neering and energy balancing round out the
This book provides architects with the con- planning guidelines.

Reference bu ldings Passive House refurbishments Apartment block refurbishment in Freiburg

Apartment block refurbishment

Freiburg im Breisgau, D 2011

Client:
Freiburger Stadtbau, Freiburg i Br
Project planning and energy balancing of
passive houses
Architect:
Roland Rombach, Kirchzarten 10 14 Site p an scale 1 5000
Bu lding services: 10 15 View from sou h west
10 16 Section a a scale 1 1000
Ingenieurbro Lenz, Umkirch 10 17 Standa d floor plan before the re urb shment
Bu lding physics: scale 1 400
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy 10 18 Standa d floor plan a ter he refu bishment
scale 1 400
Systems, Freiburg i Br 10 19 Refurbished b ock immed ately next o iden ical
not yet refurb shed bui ding

Design strategies and construction methods

10 20 En rance area
10 21 View of apartment nterior vertical supply shaft
on the left
10 14 10 16

The 16 storey building in Freiburg is the

first high rise residential building ever to
have been refurbished according to Pas
sive House standard The apartment
block was completed in 1968 using a
serial construction method with precast
concrete elements typical of that time
Having been in use for 40 years, the
Renovations using passive house components
building was in need of refurbishment
The layouts of the large apartments no
longer su ted the needs of the residents
Furthermore, the long and narrow, loggia
like balconies w thout thermal breaks
were the cause for severe thermal
bridges and a lack of daylight in the
apartments (fig 10 19) 10 19
Home automation for passive houses
It was for this reason that the client
decided to totally restructure the floor
plans, which meant that the building
could not be lived in during the 18 month
construction period All tenants who
wanted to return after the modernisation
were moved into temporary replacement
10 17 Detailed documentation of constructed
accommodation
Now, after the refurbishment, each level
contains not six, but nine apartments with
improved layouts, but less floor area
Among these are 30 barrier free units a
examples
Due to the reduction of floor area and cut
in heating costs, the all inclusive rent per
unit is lower now than it used to be before
the modernisation The circulation area in 10 20
the bu lding has been reduced and the
former loggias enclosed so that thermal
bridges are no longer an issue and the
overall living area has been increased by
900 m2 This has had the effect that the
layouts are now even deeper than before
However, the sanitary and ancillary rooms
are located in the inner darker zones; the
bedrooms and iving areas, on the other
hand, are positioned on the window side

Bu lding construction
Due to the high degree of compactness
the tall structure is very beneficial in
terms of energy efficiency Nevertheless, a
10 15 10 18 10 21
110 111

detail.de/passive
84 Interior Design
Perennial appeal of flower forms
The Iris lighting range from MacMaster
Design captures the characteristics of this
showy flower and is described as ideal for
any space that would benefit from both a
sculpture and a light. All the pieces are
handmade and available in oak, walnut or
bespoke timber finishes. The wall light seen
above measures 63 cm in height, 50 cm
wide and 11 cm deep.
In the same range, the floor lamp consists of
curved laminations of timber that echo the
shape of iris leaves. There are two sizes, the
tallest standing approximately 195 cm high
and 50 cm in diameter at its widest point. A
structured yet organic form is created by the
arrangement of the leaves and allows light
to graduate upwards from within the interior
of the lamp. The design is also available as
a pendant light and table lamp.
www.macmasterdesign.com
A study in putting on the style
The 100th anniversary of the De Stijl move-
ment was celebrated at this years Salone
del Mobile in Milan. An exhibition entitled
Masterly: The Dutch in Milano at the Palazzo
Francesco Turati marked the movement and
in particular the artist Piet Mondrian. Dutch
designer Karel Bodegom made use of the
Thonet S 1200 desk to present three inter-
pretations of the artists early abstract work.
Bodegom worked with rectangular blocks in
different sizes and materials as well as the
primary colours that reference Mondrians
artistic oeuvre. Top, these typical shapes
are separated by lines made with printer ink.
Dark cherrywood establishes a strong con-
trast with the natural and black rectangles.
His second piece featured red, blue and
yellow blocks, whilst the third in leather and
wool felt gave a tactile effect; hinting at the
artists introverted character, a secret draw-
er was also added within this design.
With its tubular steel frame, the S 1200 de-
veloped in 2014 was an appropriate choice,
as the first experiments by Thonet with tubu-
lar steel coincided with the 1920s heyday of
De Stijl. The desk is a lightweight, compact
and versatile workstation for home use.
www.thonet.de
2017 4
Natural good looks of oak flooring
Hexparket by Carpenter & Hartmann is a
new parquet floor from Junckers, made of
solid oak. The hexagonal staves are laid to
form an intricate design mimicking natures
own geometric pattern based on equilateral
triangles. The staves measure 370 mm on
all sides and are 20.5 mm thick. They have
a groove on each side, and an accompany-
ing loose tongue is used in the installation
process. Made in Harmony, which is Junck-
ers most popular timber grade, the flooring
has a natural appearance with a warm and
golden glow, few knots and some colour
and structural graining variation between
the individual tiles.
It is delivered with an untreated surface to
be finished on site with either a lacquer or
oil. The graphic look and clean, sharp lines
of the new Hexparket is counterbalanced by
the natural beauty and texture of the timber,
resulting in a lively, elegant floor. The com-
panys extensive offering covers a wide
range of wood species, floor types, colours
and textures, and all are guaranteed for use
with underfloor heating.
www.junckers.co.uk
 Edition

Sebastian El khouli
Viola John
Martin Zeumer

Sustainable Construction
Techniques
Sebastian El khouli, Viola John,

Sustainable Martin Zeumer. 2015.

152 pages with numerous
Construction drawings and photos.
Format 21 29.7 cm.
Techniques ISBN 978-3-95553-238-3
From structural design to interior fit-out: Hardcover: 59.90 / 48. / US$ 84.
Assessing and improving the environmental impact of buildings
+ postage/packing
Green Books + VAT, if applicable
Green Books

Building for the future today

What makes building materials sustainable? The authors provide an overview of the
How to reduce the amount of embodied most relevant databases and certication
energy in building constructions? And how standards for building products and illus-
does a Life Cycle Analysis work? These are trate how a Life Cycle Analysis is conducted.
questions which are becoming increasingly They also identify key ways of optimising
more common in the context of sustainable the planning process in line with ecologi-
construction. cal criteria, while offering advice for the se-
The DETAIL Green Book Sustainable Con- lection of building materials and elements.
struction Techniques offers a thorough guide Detailed documentation from ve buildings
to ecological building design and sustainable constructed in Europe and North America
construction methods, which will be par ticu- serve to illustrate the associated assessment
larly valuable for architects. processes in this book.

Fallbeispiele Sanierung und Erweiterung eines Einfami ienhauses in Hamburg

Neben passiven wurden auch aktive Ma
nahmen an der Gebudehlle umgesetzt
Der neu errichtete Anbau fungiert dabei
als kleines lokales Kraftwerk zur Versor
gung der Bewohner Als sichtbarer
Bestandteil der Architektur kamen dach
integrierte Solarthermie und Photovoltaik
module zum Einsatz Die 19,8 m2 groe
Solarthermieanlage liefert in Kombination
mit einer Luft Wasser Wrmepumpe Heiz
wrme und Warmwasser Das System
verfgt ber einen m t 940 l gro dimen
sionierten Warmwassertank, der sowohl
die Entnahmestellen in Alt und Neubau
als auch die Fubodenheizung speist
Den fr den Gebudebetrieb (Hilfsstrom
inkl Wrmepumpe sowie Haushaltsstrom
inkl Beleuchtung) erforderlichen Strom
stellt die 75 m2 groe Photovo ta kanlage
bere t Die polykristallinen Zellen in der
Dachhaut und die transluzenten Glas
Glas Module ber Terrasse und Carport
sind auf jhr ich rund 7000 kWh Strom
ausgelegt; berschsse werden ins rt i
che Netz eingespeist [9]
Zur Reduktion von Lftungswrmeverlus
ten sowie zur Verbesserung des Innen
raumklimas und der Behaglichkeit sind
darber hinaus alle Fenster mit einer um
fangreichen Sensor k ausgestattet Diese
erfasst die Innenraumtemperatur, die
a b
Bas smodern sierung
Gebudehlle saniert
Durchbrche im Grundriss
Gebudestruktur
Dach saniert + Dach enster
Gebudetechnik l Brennwer kessel Heizkrper
So arthermie + Tr nkwasserspe cher
Anbau bleibt bestehen + ber irstverglasung
Platzbedarf 2 3 Personen
Energiebedarf + CO Emissionen 50 %
(zum unsanierten Bestand)
Kosten (brutto) 140 000
112
Luftfeuchte sowie die Konzentrationen
von CO2 und VOC (f chtige organische
Verbindungen) in der Raumluft Eine auto
matische Fenstersteuerung reguliert
abhngig von den Messwerten den Min
destluftwechsel und das Innenraumklima
Im Gegensatz zu einer mechanischen
Lftungsanlage kommt diese Technologie
ohne kostenintensiv nachgerstete Lf
tungsschchte aus Weiterhin steuert das
System auch automatisch den Sonnen
und Blendschutz Der Sonnenschutz wird
dabei nicht nur zur Regulierung der Innen
raumtemperatur im Sommerfa l eingesetzt
in kalten Winternchten sorgt er zustz
lich zur Verbesserung der Dmmwirkung
und somit zur Reduktion der Transmis
sionswrmeverluste durch die Fenster
Durch die Sanierung sank der jhrliche
Endenergiebedarf des Gebudes um fast
65 % Der Primrenergiebedarf betrgt
nun 47,2 kWh/m2a und unterschreitet
damit den Grenzwert der EnEV 2009
um 65,7 %
Planungsprozess und erste Betriebserfahrungen
Whrend der Planungsphase wurde der
Umgang m t dem Bestandsgebude
anhand von drei Modernisierungsvarian
ten mit unterschiedlichem Budgetrahmen
untersucht (Abb 6 26)
Erwe tungsmodernisierung
saniert
entkernt
saniert + Dachfenster
Luft Wasser Wrmepumpe So ar
hermie Pufferspeicher Fuboden
he zung Trinkwasserspeicher
kleiner Ho zrahmenbau
3 4 Personen
Energie 60 % CO 70 %
274 000
Die Basismodernisierung sah ledig
lich eine energetische Ertchtigung
der Gebudeh le vor Die Gebude
struktur blieb ohne groe Vernderun
gen erhalten Gezielte Durchbrche
machten den Grundriss offener und
zeitgemer
Die Variante Erweitungsmodernisierung
beschre bt eine Generalsanierung, bei
der das Gebude in seinen Rohzustand
zurckversetzt wird Der Altbau sollte ent
kernt, die Hlle energetisch saniert wer
den Ergnzt wurde das Wohngebude
durch einen kleinen Anbau in Holzrah
menkonstruktion
Die Variante Aktivhaus Modernisierung
beschre bt in ihren wesentlichen Grund
zgen den Umbau, der letztlich in Ham
burg Wilhelmsburg realisiert wurde
Nach der Fertigstellung und einer Zeit
der ffentlichen Ausstellung im Rahmen
der IBA startete das Projekt in eine
zwe jhrige Testphase mit einer Probe
familie Diese wurde im Rahmen eines
Monitoringprogramms durch ein inter
disziplinres Forschungsteam aus
Architekten, Soziologen, Gebude und
Solartechnikern betreut Sensoren und
Zhler erfassten den Energie und
Wasserverbrauch der Familie, die Raum
temperaturen, den Tageslichtanteil, die
c 6 26
Akt vhaus Modernis erung
san ert
entkernt
neues Sparrendach + Dachfens er
Luft Wasser W mepumpe So ar
thermie + PV Pu ferspe cher Fu
bodenheizung Tr nkwasserspe cher
groer Ho zrahmenbau
4 Personen
Energ e 65 %
460 000
6 27
Innenraumluftqualitt, das Verhalten der
Gebudesteuerung sowie manuelle Ein
griffe
Neben quant fizierbaren Messgren wur
den auch Alltagserfahrungen der Bewoh
ner mit dem Gebude ber Interviews,
Fragebgen und ein Onlinetagebuch auf
gezeichnet Auf diese Weise hoffen die
Soziologen, Faktoren identifizieren zu
knnen, mit denen sich das Wohlbefinden
in Gebuden ber den heutigen Wissen
stand hinaus wissenschaftlich quantifizie
ren lsst
Erfahrungen aus dem ersten Jahr zeigen,
dass die Maxime der Ressourcenscho
nung mit jener der Wohnqualitt gut in
Einklang gebracht werden konnten Die
Ertrge der Photovoltaikanlage bertreffen
die Ka kulation um etwa 10 %, Heizwrme
und Warmwasserbedarf fallen (mit
zusammen 58 kWh/m2a statt der voraus
berechneten 84 kWh/m2a) rund 30 %
geringer aus als erwartet Im Sommer
bersteigt der Wrmegewinn aus der
solarthermischen Anlage den Bedarf der
vierkpfigen Fam lie deutlich Lediglich
der Stromverbrauch der Anlagentechnik
liegt ber den theoretischen Berechnun
gen Insgesamt betrgt die gemessene
Abweichung etwa 55 % oder absolut
rund 2500 kWh , sodass das Ziel des
Nettonullenergiebedarfs im ersten
Betriebsjahr um ca 2300 kWh verfeh t
wurde Dies ist unter anderem auf die zu
gro dimensionierte Solarthermieanlage
und die daraus resultierende Notwendig
keit zurckzufhren, berschssige
Ertrge durch die Wrmepumpe an die
Auenluft abzugeben Um die sommer
lichen berschsse knftig nutzbar zu
6 26 Entwurfsvar an en
(Grundr sse Mas ab 1 500)
a Bas smodern sierung
b Erweiterungsmodern sierung
c Aktivhaus Modernisierung
(rea is erte Variante)
6 27 Verg eich der Entwurfsvarianten
Life Cycle Analysis for buildings
6 28 Dachgalerie im san erten Bestandsgebude
6 29 Schnitt Fassade/Dach Bestandsgebude
Mas ab 1 50
1 Dach
Doppe deckung Faserzement l ch grau
Lattung 40/60 mm
Konterlattung 30/50 mm
Unterspannbahn (s = ca 0 15 m)
Wrmedmmung Ho zfaserplatte 35 mm
Sparren 100/220 mm dazwischen Wrme
dmmung Minera wol e (WLG 035)
Embodied energy and recycling-friendly
OSB Pla te 15 mm als Dampfsperre
Fugen uftdicht verklebt
Gipskarton 12 5 mm
2 Fenster
Dreifachverglasung in Ho z A umin um
Rahmen
construction
3 Auenwand
Auenputz m neralisch 10 mm
Wrmedmmung Minera wol e 200 mm
Mauerwerk Bestand 240 mm
nnenputz 10 mm
machen, wurde die Gebudetechnik fr
6 28
Key certication standards and databases
das zweite Testjahr um eine Geothermie
anlage zur saisonalen thermischen Zwi
schenspeicherung ergnzt Dam t soll
die im Sommer in den Erdboden einge
speiste Wrme knftig im Winter zu Heiz
zwecken zur Verfgung stehen
Sowohl im Alt als auch im Neubau stel
len sich bezogen auf Normen des Kom
1 Design optimisation during the
fortmonitorings [10] ganzjhrig eine
hohe thermische Behag ichkeit sowie
Qual tt der Raumluft ein Nur selten
kommt es zu berhitzungen [11] Die
planning process
Jahresverteilung der Temperaturen
(Abb 6 30, S 114) an unterschiedlichen
Messpunkten im Gebude zeigt, dass
vor allem die Rume im Erdgeschoss
des A tbaus durch die vorhandene
Speichermasse weniger stark auskhlten
und berhitzten Das massive Mauer
werk sowie die Durchlftung im Treppen
Comprehensive documentation
of building projects
raum sorgen fr den intendierten Kamin
effekt Der leichte Anbau in Holzstnder
bauweise verhlt sich thermisch hn ich
wie die Rume im Obergeschoss des
Altbaus, bei denen die (leichte) Dach
konstruktion den grten Teil der Hll
2
flche bildet Die Nutzer selbst berichten,
dass sie den Neubau im Sommer trotz
der Verschattungsmglichkeiten zeit
weise als zu warm wahrnehmen An
kalten Wintertagen wird von unangeneh
mem Luftzug berichtet Die automatische
3
ffnung der Fenster ber Sensoren ist
zudem nicht geruschlos und wird ins
besondere im Altbau (in den privaten
Rumen) zeitweise als strend beschrie
ben In der Nacht schalten sie die Gebu
desteuerung daher manchmal komplett
aus [12]
6 29
113

detail.de/sustainable-construction
86
Solar Power,
Solar Protection
Glass and metal fins provide screening, shading, ventilation and solar panels
The Francis Crick Institute in central London
boasts custom-designed solar PV panels
and screening solutions supplied and in-
stalled by Levolux. Designed to achieve a
BREEAM Excellent rating by architects
from HOK with PLP Architecture, it is one of
Europes largest biomedical research cen-
tres and is equipped with a vast array of
specialist, highly sensitive plant and equip-
ment, much of it located at roof level.
To satisfy planning requirements, it was
necessary to limit the visual impact of the
building, particularly at high level, as it over-
looks St Pancras International Station, the
British Library and housing in the Somers
Town area of Camden.
The roof screening extends 160 m in length
and 80 m in width, reaching up to more than
43 m above street level. The structure re-
sembles a modern vaulted roof, divided into
two interlocking shells with each shell
formed from a variety of screening fins, or
louvres, that combine to create an attractive,
multifunctional enclosure.
Solid, perforated and twisted aluminium fins
all feature, along with glass fins. Around
2,400 screening fins in widths of 150 to
750mm and lengths of up to 9 m were de-
signed, fabricated, supplied and installed.
The screening provides shading and a natu-
rally ventilated enclosure to allow mechani-
cal and electrical plant and equipment to
operate efficiently, and also incorporates
what is said to be one of the largest build-
ing-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) installa-
tions in the UK.
Over 800 custom-built solar panels have
been incorporated into more than 400 of the
glass fins, fixed to south-facing sections of
the roof. The laminated glass PV fins are
formed from toughened glass, sandwiching
a PVB interlayer and mono-crystalline PV
cells. In addition, the company supplied and
installed the associated micro inverters, iso-
lator boxes and two central distribution box-
es, mounted within a PV plant room.
The complete PV array, which is connected
to the Building Grid, the BMS and EMS, is
expected to generate around 204,200 kWh/
year from a renewable energy source. This
helps to satisfy the energy demands of the
institute, while significantly reducing its envi-
ronmental footprint.
Beneath the myriad of fins that cloak the
roof, HP75 and HP50 ventilation louvres,
with pitches of 75 and 50 mm respectively,
2017 4
were installed to create protective enclo-
sures around key items of plant and equip-
ment. The extruded aluminium louvres are
designed to provide optimum levels of air-
flow and weather resistance.
Levolux products were also specified, in the
form of a brightly coloured solar shading so-
lution, for the Meadowvale Community Cen-
tre and Library in Mississauga, near Toronto
in Canada. The building reopened last year
after an extensive refurbishment costing
around $37 million. To satisfy LEED Silver
specifications the development capitalised
on state-of-the-art technologies, including
incorporating external solar shading on east
and west-facing elevations as seen below,
right and centre.
The Infiniti Fin system was combined with
the Triniti bracket, which incorporates a
comprehensive thermal break. As a form of
brise soleil, the 350 vertical fins are angled
at 45 to counter the sun as it passes
across the sky, and the aluminium fins cre-
ate a striking feature in colours from greens
and blues to lilac and purple.
www.levolux.com
 Edition

Holistic Housing
Hans Drexler, Sebastian El khouli, 2012.
288 pages with many illustrations,
graphics and photos. 24 33 cm.
ISBN 978-3-920034-78-2
Paperback: 49. / 40. / US$ 69.
+ postage/packing
+ VAT, if applicable

Sustainability from the ground up

Holistic Housing. Concepts, Design Strate- as instruments for evaluating nished build-
gies and Processes is a fundamental ref- ings and completed planning.
erence work on housing construction. The 15 practical examples explain the ways in
book deals with the issue of sustainability in a which these criteria and other aspects of
planning context but also analyses a build- sustainable building can be implemented in
ings usage and ageing over its life cycle. sophisticated architecture and how these
A system of criteria specially developed in can then be experienced. A system de-
an accompanying research project can be veloped from analysing the examples is
used to compare and evaluate buildings. It used to classify and compare the buildings.
can also be used as a tool for optimising the The buildings signicance as a lived envi-
sustainability of buildings in development ronment is also not neglected here: sustain-
during the planning process. By contrast, ability develops in a dialogue between a
most existing sustainability systems are con- building and its users, with an emphasis on
ceived not as design and planning tools, but residential usage.

178 7.8 FEHLMANN SITE 179

RECOVERED Housing construction for the future

FEHLMANN SITE, BOB GYSIN + PARTNER BGP ARCHITEKTEN

Anchoring sustainability in the design

and planning process
(YHU\ LQWHUYHQWLRQ LV D GLVUXSWLRQ GLVUXSW ZLWK LQWHOOLJHQFH
Luigi Snozzi

PARTIES CONCERNED
Client:
Architects:
AXA Versicherungen AG
Bob Gys n + Partner BGP
Specially developed system for
Architekten ETH SIA BSA, Zurich

direct comparisons and easy evaluation

Engineer: Dr. J. Grob & Partner AG, Winterthur
Energy planner: Gruenberg + Partner AG, Zur ch
Landscape des gn: vetschpartner Landschafts-
architekten AG, Zurich
Tree conservation: Woodt i Baumpflege Ost AG, Mrwil

of buildings
General contractor: Implenia Generalunternehmung AG

PAR AMETERS
Site: Win erthur, Sw tzerland
Geodata: 47300.72N 84412.69E 01 Site p an, scale 1 : 20,000
Planning period: 1999 (competit on) 2006
Construct on period: 2007 2008 1st + 2nd phase
(5 bui dings)/2009 2010
Living in a green environment is still a widespread ideal.
3rd phase (1 building), A house of ones own with a small garden, a safe place
4th phase to be completed for the children to play, where one can escape from the
Use:

Accommoda ion:
57 apartments, 10 of which
condominiums
7 x 2.5-room apartments
20 x 3.5-room apartments
22 x 4.5-room apartmen s
hectic pace and noise of the city at the end of the work-
ing day and at weekends. The consequences are known
and vis ble wherever one turns. The architecture critic
Benedikt Loderer has sa d that the h'RKHODRSi (roughly
Sustainability in a dialogue between a
home and its residents
8 x 5.5-room apartments the hBNLOTKRHUD CDRHQD ENQ GNLD NVMDQRGHOi) HR SN AK@LD
Users: approx. 140 residential users + ENQ TQA@M ROQ@VK HM 2V SYDQK@MC, and few would contra-
30 workspaces in the former villa
dict the statement. But the endless patchwork of row
Plot size: 14,636 m
Floor space: 3,945 m
houses and single-family homes is not only spreading
Gross floor space: 10 004 m across the countryside and leisure areas near the c ty,
Main usable area: 7,163 m but is also linked to a correspondingly steep increase in
Energy reference area: 9,666 m energy required for mobility, which cannot be halted
Occupancy ndex: 0.27
w th more energy-efficient houses and vehicles alone.
Floor space index: 0.68
Gross capacity: 32 150 m
(w thout ex sting buildings) The alternatives that are usually offered are not regard-
Land use: 99m plot size res dent ed as equal by a majority of people. Not everyone is
28m floor space resident enchanted by the dea of enjoying their evenings after a
Living space: 51 m /resident average
workday in densely developed inner-c ty districts, sur-
Switzerland: 44, average
Winterthur: 52
rounded by trendy ca es, organic food shops and park-
Building costs: approx. 19 000,000 CHF ing chaos, and to raise their children there regardless
(1st + 2nd phase) of how many day care centres and playgrounds the area
3,095 CHF m gross f oor space might offer. But central and qu et properties are rare
(1st + 2nd phase)
and unaffordable for a large part of the popu ation;
4,330 CHF m ma n usab e area
(1st + 2nd phase)
development to a degree of density that preserves the
680 CHF/m gross capacity (1st + sense of living in a green environment is therefore a
2nd phase, ncl. underground garage) challenge.

detail.de/sustainable
88 Solar Power and Solar Protection
Metal mesh external blinds filter sunlight and offer privacy
A major extension to a private residence in
Stuttgart in Germany by Behnisch Architects
has made use of external sun protection
from GKD. The unobtrusive structure of the
new upper floor takes account of the build-
ings exposed location the 1930s house is
situated above the town on a quiet hillside
so, rather than fitting a pitched roof, the de-
cision was taken to build this large, glazed
second floor.
The extension, of approximately 150 sq.m,
offers an open impression and thus does
not dominate the traditional stonework of the
lower floor. Overhangs on the west and
south sides underline the horizontally orient-
ed structure; these function as canopies to
provide cover for seating areas in the gar-
den and also visually they act as separation
lines, dividing the structurally unmodified
ground floor from the new roof system.
Floor-to-ceiling, triple-glazed windows in
narrow wood frames produce a light-flooded
upper floor. The external, roll-up sun protec-
tion, of metallic spiral mesh, is designed to
guarantee a pleasant indoor atmosphere
even in the height of summer as the motor-
ised blinds prevent overheating but without
compromising views of the surrounding
countryside. Around 120 sq.m of aluminium
mesh were used to create the cable-operat-
ed blinds. The profile-free corners and the
weight of the system, due to the size of the
elements, presented particular challenges
during assembly. Eleven elements, each
one measuring up to 3.76 m wide and 2.4 m
high, reinforce the symmetrical design of the
whole building with their linear arrangement,
interrupted only by the vertical struts of the
window frames.
The GKD Licorne 13A mesh is said to dissi-
pate 80 % of the solar energy input through
reflection or diffusion. This reduces the cost
of cooling the rooms in summer to a mini-
mum and makes a solar energy gain possi-
ble in winter. The mesh sun shades act as a
transparent filter, giving unobstructed views
of the countryside whilst offering privacy to
the residents in the daytime.
During the evening, exterior spotlights put
the shimmering blinds centre stage and also
prevent the interiors being visible from the
outside. When rolled up, the corrosion-re-
sistant and virtually maintenance-free blind
system disappears under the fascia and al-
lows the elegance of the private residence
to speak for itself.
www.gkd.de
2017 4
Slate roof and integrated solar PV
With a commission to install solar panels on
the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Ser-
vices building in central Glasgow, Forster
Roofing found during its inspection that the
existing slate-composite roof had less than
10 years life left. The project was therefore
expanded to incorporate the renewal of the
entire 1,800 m2 roof covering.
The roof structure was not designed to with-
stand the weight of natural slate, so 25,000
Redland lightweight Cambrian Slates were
specified in Slate Grey to echo the previous
roof colour. Made from over 60 % recycled
Welsh slate, these are designed to reflect
the beauty and character of slate, with sur-
face patterning taken from impressions of
natural slates, combined with high perfor-
mance and installed-cost benefits.
Lightweight with a thin leading edge and
proven on pitches as low as 15 , the slates
are suitable for a wide range of projects.
When installed with recommended fixings
under the Redland SpecMaster service, the
whole roof is backed by a 15-year weather-
tightness, durability and design liability
guarantee. Forster md Steve Scott said that
the product complemented the existing roof-
scape and was also easy to fix, providing a
very secure covering whilst enhancing the
slate appearance of the roof.
The roofing company also installed a total of
96 solar panels of 270 Wp across two of the
roof slopes. All the work had to be carried
out on this sensitive building whilst it was
fully operational. The clean, self-generated
solar energy is now providing power to the
offices and helping to reduce the carbon
footprint of the building. In addition, the
Cambrian slates sleek finish aligned per-
fectly with the integrated solar PV on the
roof, commented Steve Scott.
www.redland.co.uk
 Edition

Building Across Worlds

Building International Projects by
Across Architects von Gerkan, Marg
und Partner:
Worlds 160 pages with numerous
drawings and photos.
International Projects by Architects
von Gerkan, Marg und Partner 2016. Format 23 29.7 cm.
ISBN 978-3-95553-319-9
Hardcover: 59.90 / 48. / US$ 84.
+ postage/packing
+ VAT, if applicable

A look back at 50 years of von Gerkan, Marg und Partner

Over the past 50 years, the architectural ofce culturally familiar contexts, benet from the
von Gerkan, Marg und Partner has realised experienced gained there?
400 projects worldwide from single-family Various principles, conditions and times deter-
homes to cultural edices and ofce buildings, mine the context in which gmp operates. The
from transport facilities to master plans. Many extract included herein from the gmp portfolio
of the buildings were constructed throughout draws parallels between current domestic and
Asia yet how to build in the cultural environ- international projects, while supplemental re-
ment and on the proper scale in China and ferences to earlier buildings offer a look back
Vietnam, for example? What sort of know- at the ofces development. Here, the focus is
ledge can be transferred from construction primarily on the question of how knowledge
work in Europe and how much do const- and experience engage in a dialogue with
ruction projects, in their sociologically and design work based on rationality.

Cultural buildings Multifunctional

offers and existing structures
Tianjin Grand Theater Culture Palace Dresden
With the new concept for the concert hall
and the integration of the public library into
the Culture Palace the building which was
opened in 1969 resumes its original cen
tral role as an urban cultural meeting point
Its unique central position between Altmarkt
the Schloss and Neumarkt is ideal for a
venue with many functions which through
its spa ial and conceptual openness is
once again becoming a meeting place for
citizens
The original rooms the sequence of which
around the central concert hall is being
retained with the foyers facing the Altmarkt
are being refurbished in keeping with the
historic structure together with the choir
rehearsal hall and the central stairwells
wh le the facades are being upgraded to
modern energy standards A new concert
hall is being created in the central part of
the building This w ll be the main venue of
the Dresden Ph lharmonic Orchestra as
we l as offering the possibility of multifunc
tional use Further functions include a caba
ret hall the Frauenkirche Visitors Center
and the Dresden Information Office
The Grand Theater occupies the key posi
tion in he newly bu lt Culture Park of Tianjin
The circular shape of the roof construction
corresponds with the exis ing Museum of
Natural History so that an architectural dia
Typologies and construction projects
in various scales from housing to
sport centers and cultural building
logue of an earth bound and a floating cir
cular volume is created to both ends of the
park Earth and sky represent a fundamen
tal thinking in Chinese philosophy The roof
volume of the Grand Theater opens up
Projects (among others):
Tianj n Grand Theater
toward the broad water surface l ke an open
sea shell Opera hall concert ha l and the
small multifunctional hall are exposed to the
water surface ike pearls inside this shell
( eft) Culture Palace
Dresden (bottom)
Kunsthalle Mannheim, Hanoi Museum,
Olympic Stadium Kiev, Kulturpalast
A stage for theater and urban life
The three venues are conceived as free
standing volumes on a stone base Broad
stairways connect the stone base with the
raised plaza creating a kind of stage for
urban ife which overlooks the lake and the
Culture Park With the new concept for the
in Dresden, Tianjin Grand Theatre
concert hall and the integration of the public
library into the Culture Palace the building
which was opened in 1969 resumes its
original central role as an urban cultural
Cu ture Palace Dres
den (D) Anticipated
European and Asian projects con-
Tianj n Grand Theater complet on 2017
Tianj n (CN) 2012
Gross f oor area
59 000 m Opern
hall 1 600 seats Con
Gross floor area
37 000 m Concert
hall Dresden Philhar
monic Orchestra
sidered and evaluated in context
cert hall 1 200 seats 1 818 seats
Multifunctional hall Herkuleskeule cab
400 seats aret hall 260 seats

168 Cultural bui dings Cultural bui dings 169

detail.de/gmp-architects
90 Solar Power and Solar Protection
Decorative sun protection follows the curve and enhances the style
Motorised folding aluminium shutters from
Hunter Douglas feature on the deluxe villas
seen above, overlooking the Mediterranean
Sea in Israel and giving a very decorative
visual effect as well as reducing solar glare.
The first floors on the south-eastern side of
these clifftop villas near Tel Aviv are fitted
with the perforated shutters, which filter the
sunlight but still have a view to the outside
when closed.
The challenge for the company was to de-
sign a curved facade of motorised shutters
that close at 180 and conceal the runners
to ensure that a flat, uniform surface is cre-
ated when they are closed. Operated by a
central control system, they can also be op-
erated manually. Said Salko Kapetanovic of
Hunter Douglas, When the shutters are
open the external facade changes dramati-
cally and, because they open wide, users
achieve a maximum outward view.
The complex was designed by Ilan Pivko,
and the Israeli architect also designed 12
different shutter perforation patterns to cre-
ate an air of individuality for each villa. The
full height of the lobby building at the centre
of the complex is covered with aluminium
sheets painted white, with a finish identical
to the shutters. The aluminium components
can be anodised or powder coated, in three
RAL colour ranges standard, metallic and
pearl although other standards such as
NCS and Pantone may be specified. Profiles
can be coated with the Softcoat System,
combining high scratch resistance with a
smooth gloss of 4 % and the shutters can
be made in custom materials, from 530 to
590 mm wide and up to 3,600 mm high.
Also from Hunter Douglas is an indoor
screening solution (below, left and centre) in
the form of a new fabric for blinds that com-
bines light- and heat-control properties yet
retains good indoor-to-outdoor visibility. The
Sunscreen Panama Chrome uses fibreglass
and PVC to provide high levels of durability
and is said to achieve a solar reflectance
value of more than 75 %.
The range has BREEAM-NL/EN145032-
based Glare Control 3 due to its special
metal coating, which is designed to ensure
an essential diffuse light transmission value
of less than 2 %. These new blinds are avail-
able in white, white linen, white pearl, black
pearl and black.
www.hunterdouglas.co.uk
2017 4
New louvre-blade shading systems
Schueco UK is updating its sun-shading of-
fering with three new launches two large
louvre-blade ALB systems that allow archi-
tects and specifiers maximum design free-
dom and a third utilising C-shaped and Z-
shaped blades, said to be a new departure
in blade design.
The first ALB system, designated hi-tech, is
designed to provide highly effective shading
unaffected by wind. The louvre blades come
in a variety of different geometries, colours
and arrangements; when mounted vertically,
they may be specified in an active configu-
ration. Blades are made from formed sheet
metal profiles mounted on a carrier tube
the latter is a crucial component, having a
flat top that allows blades of differing con-
tours to be attached.
With its rectangular- and parallelogram-
shaped blades, the second large louvre-
blade system can also be installed vertically
or horizontally and may be passive or ac-
tive. Particular benefits include maximum
light penetration, increased internal comfort
and reduced thermal loading. Blade widths
are 250, 300 and 400 mm rectangular and
300 mm for the parallelogram blades. The
wind-proof system can be seamlessly at-
tached to Schueco windows and facades by
means of standard interfaces.
Finally, the third sun-shading system, with
C-shaped and Z-shaped louvre blades, is
designed to provide year-round weather
protection, unaffected by wind or rain. The
system can be configured as horizontal or
cantilevered shading, comes in a range of
geometries and widths and can also be
used to protect a building against birds and
insects. Distance between blades can be
modified to take account of local conditions
and the position of the sun, so making it
easy to significantly reduce thermal loads
throughout the day.
www.schueco.co.uk
 Edition
Applied research in construction engineering
Almost no other discipline denes the world
of tomorrow more than architecture. Thats
why architects and professional planners,
builders and companies are already dening
future building parameters today to meet
the developments and challenges of tomor-
row. This publication brings together differ-
ent voices about the future of construction,
which, from the perspective of experts and
Concerning he scope of tendencies
towards individualisation, see The
Operationality of Data and Material
p. 15, Parametric Design Systems
p. 43, 52, Construction Processes of
the Future p. 128
17
http //insm de/ nsm/Akt onen/
Lexikon/i/Individualisierung html
(accessed on 05 08 2011)
18
bid
This diversification of target groups is
now also being seen within the field
of urban development hat, by targeted
use of milieu studies ( for example by
the Sinus Institute, ht p://www sinus-
institut.de/loesungen/sinus milieus.
html, accessed on 05.08 2011), in addi-
tion to age and income structures,
also uses equally group- pecific socio-
cultural aspects and value systems as
a basis for planning.
19
Pil er Frank T Mass Custom zation
A Strategic Concept for Compet t on
n the In ormat on Age
Wiesbaden 2006
20
Drf inger Markus Marxt Christian
Mass Customization New Potential
through Customer Spec fic Mass
Production (I) Combination of Effi
cient Mass Product on with Cus
tomer specific Indiv dual Product on
n o Management 03/2001
24
The Future of Building:
Perspectives
2012. With contributions from:
Petra von Both, Philipp Dohmen,
Nils Fischer, Fabio Gramazio and
Matthias Kohler, Hans-Dieter Heg-
ner, Andres Lepik, Alexander Rieck,
The Future Markus Schlegel, Matthias Schuler,
of Building: Alain Thierstein, Oskar Zieta.
152 pages. Format 19 23.5 cm.
Perspectives ISBN 978-3-920034-74-4
Methods, Objectives, Prospects Paperback: 36. / 29. / US $ 51.
+ postage/packing
+ VAT, if applicable
researchers, largely determines discourse
on the subject. Economic, political and de-
mographic developments are also taken into
consideration, while issues concerning en-
ergy and design are discussed along with ad-
vanced manufacturing processes. In their es-
says, each author presents scientic research
and experience, culminating in a colourful
kaleidoscope and a vision of the future.
However, similarly as the prefabricated house, the modular system EISAN research project at the University of Karlsruhe, as well as the sub-
approach tended to be pushed into the background during the phase of sequent automated manufacture and assembly based on an individual Concerning fur her a pects of the inte-
individualisation especially in the field of residential building that measurement and topological analysis of buildings. gration of planning, construction, and
began in the 1980s. manufacturing processes, see also
Individualisation and
Automated one-off production
Another highly promising approach for the efficient project-specific
p. 21 as well as The Operationality of
Data and Material p. 9, Material,
Information, Technology p. 31, Para-
Trends, developments and predictions
mass customisation metric Design Systems p. 43, Construc-
Individualisation can be observed in both socio-cultural and economic
terms. In the 1980s the sociologist Ulrich Beck contributed substantially
development of one-off products is automated manufacture , also
referred to as CAD/CAM integration (Computer-Aided Design/Com-
puter-Aided Manufacturing). A prerequisite for this is an integrated
tion Processes of he Future p. 126 for the architecture of tomorrow
to this topic, which also plays an important role in the discussion relat- planning and manufacturing process based on CAx technologies. This
ing to social change within modern society, involving a dissolution of requires the existence of a complete digital, and thus, validatable
traditional ways of living, lifestyle norms and behavioural orientations17. description of the planning object by means of a virtual building model Building
Facade survey
One important aspect here is the individualisation of the value system: (Building Information Modelling BIM), which can represent the vari-
Presentation of scientic methods
Topological analysis
Elementisat on/
from an economic viewpoint, individualisation can also be seen as a ous structural, functional, and technical aspects, as well as manufac- Parameterisation
trademark and competitive factor.18 An improved focus on customers turing-related constraints. The BIM then serves as data reference for Customisation/
Manufacture/
on the part of corporations, combined with precisely specified market later manufacture.21 Logist cs
and target group orientation of products and services enables providing
products that are individually tailored to customers.
Developed in recent years and related to above described processes, the
Numerous studies show that it is possible to create a considerable added
value through the increased use and further development of this inte-
grated BIM approach.22 Studies in the USA indicate savings potentials of Assembly
based on actual research
approach of mass customisation 19 attempts to combine the advantages up to 50 percent in terms of time and costs with effective use of BIM and
of individual manufacture with the principles of mass production. The also make it clear that the additional costs resulting from insufficient
25|1 Parametric planning as a basis for
idea behind this is to serve a relatively large market and simultaneously interoperability in construction projects in the USA account for approx- individual scalabil ty
be able to take into account individual customer requirements without
exceeding the costs of standard products. This is achieved through an
increase in the diversity of available variants, as well as more efficient
imately 4 3 percent of total costs. This is equivalent to an annual cost
factor of 15.8 billion dollars in the USA alone.23
The buzzword virtual engineering refers to the development and appli- 21
Results of extensive research projects
customer-specific product development through improved planning and cation of a model-based planning methodology rooted in an expanded
and how they relate, including the
Both Petra von Integrated P oduct
Lifecycle Management Strateg es for
manufacturing. The aim is to place individual products in mass markets, BIM approach. However, this relates not only to the interlinking of the
ach ev ng a continuous process
while costs remain stable or even decline.20 In order to achieve this, mod- software used; the interface to digital scanning tools, output media, and ntegration in the building ndustry
ern production technologies are combined with the principles of e-com- visualisation media also plays an important role. The aim is to create a In Verband deutscher Ingen eure
merce. But how can this approach be applied to the building industry? continuous process from the real object context to the virtual planning
model and combined CAD and CAM technologies, as well as rapid pro-
VDI Yearbook 2008 Dsse dorf 2007
22
resulting implications for the future
Individualised system building totyping (RP).
Within the building industry, this integrated BIM approach to linking Maisberger Whiteoaks New Business
Potent al for Architects and
Individualised system building attempts to expand the planning freedom planning and manufacture has primarily been adopted in practice by the
Engineers Study commissioned by
that is generally limited by consequently employing a systematised mod- larger general contractors and coordinating contractors, since these are Nemetschek AG Munich 2005
ular building system. It aims to achieve this by combining standardised
system components with individual details in order to create customer-
specific solutions. However, the disadvantages of limited individual plan-
able to exploit a high added value. This is due to the high degree of con-
tinuity within their own in-house processes. In addition to a considerable
increase in efficiency, adherence to deadlines, and cost certainty, this also
see note 2
23
Opportunities for research into trends
ning solutions associated with system building cannot be fully compen- leads to a significant improvement in product quality. In steel construc-
in architecture
Ga laher Michael P et al Cost Analy
sis of nadequate Inter Operabil ty
sated by this rather configuration-based approach. tion, for example, tolerances of less than 0.1 millimetres can be achieved
n the U S Cap tal Faci ities ndustry
Still, such an approach, when based on parameterisable components, through systematic CAD-CAM control of the manufacturing machines.24 U S Department of Commerce
can be suitable for renovation projects, and particularly energy-efficiency Particularly in infrastructure projects where quality is critical, such as Techno ogy Administration National
Inst tute of Standards and Techno
modernisation. Figure 25 | 1 shows the elementisation and parameterisa- the construction of rapid transit rail lines, the use of CAD/CAM can ogy Gaithersburg MD 2004
tion of a thermal insulation composite system realised as part of the become a decisive competitive factor. In concrete construction, the com-
Industrialisation versus Individualisation New Methods and Technologies Petra von Both 25
detail.de/s-future
92
CAD, Software and BIM
Upgraded software is designed to be faster and easier to share with clients
Vectorworks 2017 BIM software includes
more than 100 updates designed to simplify
and speed up workflows and enhance pro-
ject sharing, with over 70 % of the features
stemming from direct user feedback. The
Resource Manager enables designers to
create, find, edit and apply desired resourc-
es to their projects. Offering direct browsing
of resources from multiple content locations,
this new feature also includes all the Service
Select libraries for subscription users.
With advanced door and window object
styles, architects have improved flexibility in
design processes when modifying the style,
data and geometry of doors and windows in
their models and producing accurate work-
sheets in a few quick clicks. The improve-
ments simplify BIM workflows and manage-
ment of sweeping model changes. The Slab
Drainage tool allows designers to create
sloped slabs and flat roofs featuring tapered
components. This feature will help inform
design decisions, document all essential
data and allow for easy change manage-
ment across a given BIM design.
Cloud integration allows project files to be
saved in Dropbox, OneDrive, Google Drive
and Box. There are also more options to
customise multiuser workflows with the abili-
ty to check out individual objects or layers.
Professionals can easily share designs with
clients and collaborators using the soft-
wares immersive web view and virtual reali-
ty features this generates a link that allows
anyone, anywhere, to view and experience
models in 3D on any device without any ad-
ditional hardware.
The company has just announced version
2.5 of the SimTread pedestrian simulation
add-on for its 2017 software, available to
purchase separately. Created by Japanese
distributor A&A Co Ltd, in partnership with
Waseda University and Takenaka Corpora-
tion, the software helps in simulating and
analysing a variety of crowd-control needs
such as building egress and traffic flow.
Updates include a more detailed analysis
that offers the ability to efficiently add time-
dependent events like evacuations as well
as account for needs of different occupants,
such as individuals in wheelchairs.
Vectorworks Architect is claimed to have the
largest number of import and export capa-
bilities in the industry, allowing designers to
seamlessly collaborate and share with all in-
volved in the design process from concept
to construction in one platform. From 2D
2017 4
drafting and 3D modelling to creating coor-
dinated construction documents and fully
developed BIM models, its broad set of de-
sign and BIM capabilities allow architects to
do more than just information modelling,
whilst increasing productivity and unlocking
creativity, states the company.
The third annual Vectorworks Design Sum-
mit, aimed at professionals, educators and
students in the AEC, landscape and enter-
tainment industries, runs from September
18 to 20 at the Baltimore Marriott Waterfront
Hotel in Maryland, USA. The conference will
include three days of industry sessions,
technical support, networking events and
keynote addresses, as well as hands-on
training opportunities.
Session and training topics span a variety
of areas, including the basics of Building
Information Modelling (BIM), moving from
2D to 3D modelling, water-efficient land-
scape design, working with DWG files and
graphical scripting. For full details including
registration and accommodation costs, use
the design-summit website below.
www.vectorworks.co.uk
www.vectorworks.net/design-summit
 2017 4
Downloading BIM models made simpler
Eurocell has reimagined the way designers
and specifiers access its BIM models, and
the result is the BIM Centre, where finding
and downloading the right models is de-
signed to be quick and simple, and updates
are delivered automatically. Users sign up
free and can then use the new search-and-
filter tool to find the models needed. Rather
than downloading them one-by-one, these
all go into a BIM basket to be downloaded
at the end of the process.
The downloaded models are also stored in a
personalised BIM library for easy access at
a later date. And by signing up for automat-
ed updates, BIM Centre members will re-
ceive an email to let them know when mod-
els have changed.
A Request a BIM function is available for
specifiers when they cant find the model
they need, handled by the companys tech-
nical support team. We know from talking
to our customers that getting the right BIM
models can sometimes be a frustrating and
time-consuming experience, commented
head of marketing Chris Coxon. The idea
behind our BIM Centre was to make every-
thing as hassle-free as possible, and to
make sure that people always have access
to the latest information.
At the launch of BIM Centre it contained
nearly 40 models covering the companys
most popular ranges, Modus and Eurologik;
that number is growing all the time as new
models are being added. The models are in
RFA or Revit Family format, which requires
Autodesk Revit software.
www.eurocell.co.uk
Newsletter
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Read about the latest developments in
architecture and design: Every day, we keep
you up to date with background on ground-
breaking construction projects, research
news and the most important events, as well
as providing information on our magazine
topics and new book releases.
Intelligent lighting design system
LED and HID lighting specialist Venture news
Lighting Europe has recently unveiled a new GET WEB BROWSER VERSION
and refreshed website to display its range of
BUILDINGS
products and technologies. The company
upgraded the site to match new branding
developed alongside the launch of its latest
product catalogue, featuring new ranges
which include LED Edge Lit Panels, Glass
Tubes, LED Midibays and Highbays and
IDT Streetlights.
The website also features a new Lighting
Design Tool, enabling specifiers and de-
signers to select the luminaires and calcu- Graphic interpretation: Le Signe National
late, design and build the lighting scheme Graphic Design Centre
for a project. The company says this will The Le Signe National Graphic Design Centre stands out
help improve the product selection process as an expressive duo of buildings involving a combination
of a new structure with an existing one.
and overall user experience.
Read more
The intelligent system requires users to se-
lect a product that is compatible with the
programme and gives the ability to adjust BLOG
room measurements, reflectance and lux What we really want:
levels and lighting layout until a solution is The Y-House by
found that is right for the scheme. The Light- MVRDV
ing Design Tool is displayed alongside the The Y-House has a pretty
good chance of becoming
technical data for each product for easy ac- a highlight in the housing
cess to all information needed. district that is currently coming
about north-east of Tainan
and design interest.
Venture Lighting has also incorporated a
Read more
Product Builder into the structure of the
website to enhance the new product selec-
tion process. This means users can select ARCHITECTURE
additional drivers, sensors and emergency
modules for the chosen luminaire and down-
load a product data sheet containing the
complete information.
The new design is intended to make it easi- Pixelated: New Science Building for
er to browse and find products, as the full Dulwich College
range is categorised into applications in- The new building for this college in the south of London is
cluding commercial, industrial floodlighting, the first school structure in the portfolio of the well-known
Grimshaw architecture studio.
street lighting, emergency, domestic and
retrofit lamps. These categories have been Read more
updated to include the new VLUMA and
Emerg-EVAC brands.
www.venturelightingeurope.com
detail-online.com/newsletter
94 CAD, Software and BIM
Technical and online services
Rainwater and eaves systems manufacturer
Marley Alutec offers what is said to be one
of the largest BIM object libraries in the sec-
tor, with its entire product portfolio available
as intelligent, parametric, 3D Revit BIM ob-
jects, available through bimstore.
Additionally, its team of technical experts
can advise on best practice as well as
problem-solve any current project challeng-
es, with its extensive ranges of sustainable
and innovative products, all of which have
been designed to provide life expectancies
of 50 years or more. The full technical ser-
vice ranges from the development of initial
designs to the delivery of detailed estimates
and on-site assistance.
Products include the Evoke range of alumin-
ium fascias, soffits and copings, manufac-
tured to withstand hurricane force winds, the
cast-iron replica Tudor downpipe range and
the modern Aligator Boxer Gutter profile, as
well as the flush-fit circular aluminium down-
pipe system.
Marley Alutec comments that it has a wealth
of experience in helping local authorities
and housing associations to build and main-
tain properties to meet the demands of 21st
century housing requirements, including
performance, durability, sustainability and
aesthetic characteristics.
Recently the company has assisted Shef-
field City Council in Europes largest re-
roofing project with bespoke designs as
well as a number of housing associations
on flagship developments, as a result of its
products having been specified to meet
key requirements such as low life-cycle
costs, ease of installation and virtually zero
maintenance needs.
www.marleyalutec.co.uk
Calculating for construction
Kingspan Insulation is helping to streamline
the specification process with the release of
over 500 new flat-roof BIM objects. They
cover a wide range of green- and warm-roof
constructions, all featuring high-perfor-
mance Therma range products. From the
intuitive U-value Calculator menu users can
specify their desired U-value and adjust vir-
tually any element within the construction.
By ticking a request box at the end of the
calculation process, BIM objects for Therma
range flat-roof constructions can be sent via
email along with the U-value calculations.
The objects are attached as a zip file in both
IFC and Revit formats. In addition to the new
flat roof objects, a wide range of BIM prod-
uct objects is also available for free down-
load from the NBS National BIM Library.
The U-value Calculator is available as a free
app for Apple, Android and Windows devic-
es. It includes over 8,000 calculations for
floors, walls and roofs, all pre-calculated by
a member of the companys technical ser-
vices department who is approved under
the BBA/TIMSA Scheme for Calculation
Competency Part 1 U-value and conden-
sation risk. Where appropriate, these calcu-
lations also take into account fixings and
bridging factors.
Kingspan recently announced that two new
products have joined its Kooltherm K100
Range, designed to deliver lower U-values
with a minimal construction thickness. These
latest additions are the K112 Framing Board
and K107 Pitched Roof Board. Their fibre-
free insulation core has a thermal conductiv-
ity of 0.018 W/m.K across all available
board thicknesses, so offering the freedom
of design without having to compromise on
internal space.
www.kingspaninsulation.co.uk
2017 4
Photorealistic finishes plug-in
Shaderlight is an interactive rendering soft-
ware plug-in to SketchUp designed to ena-
ble the creation of high-quality images
quickly and simply, and aimed at architects
and designers looking to take their Sketch-
Up models to the next level as photorealistic
images or animations.
The software uses progressive rendering
this means that a constantly updating ren-
der of the scene is maintained in the Shad-
erlight window whilst the user continues to
work inside SketchUp. Alternatively, users
can switch to Tiled mode to render the im-
age at final resolution for presentation.
The company says that, unlike some more
complex rendering solutions that can make
it difficult to get a photorealistic finish, this
product uses a simple toolset to access
physically accurate lighting and advanced
global illumination techniques which instant-
ly add realism to scenes.
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 Edition

Photovoltaics
Bernhard Weller, Claudia Hemmerle,
Sven Jakubetz, Stefan Unnewehr.
2010. 112 pages with numerous
drawings and photos.
Format 21 29.7 cm
ISBN 978-3-0346-0369-0
Paperback: 42.95 / 35. / US$ 60.
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Practice

The guide for designing building-integrated photovoltaics

Photovoltaics, as an important part of the common reasons for this shortcoming.
renewable energies mix, is helping to slow This addition to the DETAIL Practice series
down already occurring climate change clearly demonstrates how the technical,
while providing the earth with affordable en- aesthetic and engineering integration of
ergy over the long term. solar systems into buildings can work. The
The extent of current photovoltaic applica- building legislation chapter, a glossary as
tions lags far behind its potential although well as supplementary sources and indexes
producers already offer a wide range of serve to further knowledge of the subject.
technologies and products. In particular, Exemplary and realised project examples of
aesthetic, engineering and building legis- different installation variations on roofs and
lative problems are considered as the most facades round out the book.

Designing with photovoltaics Designing with photovoltaics

Design strategies Design strategies

Min m s ng
reflect on osses
The sun as source of energy
Reducing the
Light trap ef ect
degree of eflect on

AR coat ng
Engineering and systems
Glass Glass

Solar cell Solar cell

20 22 23 a b

manufacturing fac lities will enable individ film technology, tinting or printing the

Form design with photovoltaics

Level Feature nfluencing factors and boundary condit ons
ual, cost effective production In the case glass is, in principle, the only way of vary
of solutions integrated into the construc ing the impression of the colour of a panel
Crys al ine Thin ilm
tion, the costs of components that are margina ly because the colour of the very
replaced by the PV elements can be dark ce l material cannot be changed In
Colour of material Cover glass
Encapsula ion Subst ate included as credits in the costing This this case, the thin film cells are attached
Sh ne Solar ce ls
Cross section Anti reflect on coating aspect is particularly useful for those to a substrate and covered with a body
Structure Encapsu at on
Visib e depth of layer Solar cells technologies, e g thin film technology, tinted or silk screen printed cover glass
Encapsula ion Back ng or cover
Backing mater al that have a relatively low conversion effi
ciency but also a low price per unit area
They therefore represent a reasonable
economical alternative to the more effi
(see Introduction,
p 9, Fig 8) This technique was developed
in a number of research projects but the
products are currently only available to
Building legislation
Crys al ine Thin fi m
cient but much more expensive ce ls, special order
especially in building integration app ica
Component

tions Yield and architecture must be Part of the incident solar radiation is 24
Cell Texture
weighed up carefully against each other reflected directly at the boundary surface

Realised project examples

Light ransmittance
in every individual situation between air and cover glass This reflected
component amounts to about 4 % in the
Appearance of bu d ng- ntegrated PV techno ogy

Size Form Type Contacts Transparency Separating cuts Many different factors determine the case of standard float glass and an angle
appearance of a PV installation The vari of incidence of 90 The reflections are
ous influencing factors are described normally regular (or specular) reflections
below in line with the scheme given in because the surface of the glass is smooth
Fig 21 compared to the wavelengths of light
Form
Dummy ce s

Degree of p efabrication (Fig 23a) There are, in principle, two

Module Combinat on op ions Cross section level: options available for influencing the
Ageing behaviour
the influence of the material layers reflection from the boundary surface (Fig
Product colouring
A solar module consists of various layers 22) Firstly, the amount of reflected light
Size & density Form Transparency Curvature P astic ty Frame/fixings
The following breakdown examines the can be modified by applying an anti reflec
layers starting with the outer, sunlit side tion coating However, the solar gains
must be weighed up against the cost of
Cover glass this optical coating and its vulnerability to 25
Surface colour and
The covering on the sunlit side of the damage, which is why this solution is only
Dummy modu es

mate ial comb na ions

Scale crystalline PV cells is normally glass w th used with very efficient, expensive cells
Bu d ng

Proport ons
Generator a low absorptance so that the maximum Secondly, the quality of the reflection can
Modular ty
Rhythm amount of solar radiation passes through be controlled via the roughness of the 20 Balcony balustrade w th PV modu es
Private house in Passail (A) 2007
Volume the glass and reaches the solar cells The glass surface Patterned glass specially Arch tekturbro Kaltenegger
P as ic ty
Applicat ons Types of ntegrat on production of this so ca led extra clear or developed for PV applications contains a 21 The features affecting the appearance of pho o
low iron glass requires a glass melt with a macroscopic surface structure that func vo taics influenc ng factors and boundary cond t ons
22 The princ ples of the opt ons for minim sing
low iron oxide content, which considerably tions as a light trap according to the reflect on losses
reduces the green tint so typical of stand principle of multiple reflections The trans 23 Schemat c presentat on of types of reflection
depending on surface propert es
ard float glass (Fig 24) The higher cost mittance is up to 91 5 %, which compares a Regu ar (or specular) ref ection
Surround ngs

Urban and
of this glass and, in turn, the price of the to about 90 % for a non textured low iron b Di fuse reflection
Ensemb e capabi ity 24 Owing to its i on ox de content standard float
rural Ef ect from a distance panels is offset by the improved effi glass of the same thickness Textured
glass (lef ) has a green sh tint Extra c ear low
landscape Dominat ng effect ciency Body tinted glass is not generally glasses of this kind produce unfocused ron glass (right) s ma nly used in PV echnology
used with the very expensive crysta line reflections but do not appear matt If dif n order o ncrease the conve sion efficiency of
the module
Ensemb e Urban & rural andscape Dom nant so itary
cells because of its negative influence on fuse reflections (p 43, Fig 23b), which 25 Patterned glasses with surface texture op imised
21 the conversion efficiency When using thin results in a matt appearance, are required for PV applicat ons

42 43

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R y y Hilti pyAy]7
Svein Arne Brygfjeld R;R Trzin (SI)
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Contributors

Zhu Tan
Zhu Tan studied architecture and architec-
tural theory in Beijing before coming to Mi-
lan in 2009 for her PhD at the Politecnico di
Milano. Since 2014 she has been working
as an architect and urban planner with Recs
Architects in Milan, and consults the studio
on Chinese projects. She has been an ad-
junct professor at the Politecnico di Milano
since 2014/15. Zhu Tan has researched ex-
tensively on traditional Chinese building ty-
pologies and co-authored the book Habitat.
Vernacular Architecture for a Changing
Planet (London: Thames & Hudson, 2017), Rames und Karim Najjar
which will be published in German by Detail For Rames und Karim Najjar, planning and
this October. In the current issue of Detail, construction is more than just building de-
she explains the relationship between the sign. The brothers see research and experi-
typology of Chinese courtyard houses and mentation as an integral part of their work.
regional climatic conditions (see pp. 10ff). Rames has been a professor in Innsbruck
since 2014 and Karim currently teaches ar-
chitecture and design at the American Uni-
versity in Beirut. In 1999, they co-founded
Najjar Najjar Architects, with offices in Vien-
na and Beirut. Their projects include the
UNESCO Marine and World Heritage Center
in Krems an der Donau and the Semperit
F&E building, for which they developed a
system to produce double curved facades.
Studio 804 Habitat: Vernacular Architecture Najjar Najjar are also working on the design
for a Changing Planet
Sustainable, affordable, and inventive Thames & Hudson Ltd, of buildings for refugees. As part of an inter-
these are the operating principles of Studio London 2017 disciplinary team with Transsolar Academy
804, a not-for-profit corporation. The Univer- and SAWA, a Lebanese NGO, they are cur-
sity of Kansas Department of Architecture rently developing a pilot project that uses
offers the nine-month program to graduate climate-responsive design strategies to con-
students, professional architects, and all struct a model school for refugee children
others who wish to deepen their practical (see pp. 60ff).
knowledge. Every year one building is pro- www.najjar-najjar.com
duced, in which the participants carry out all
aspects, from the initial design to construc-
tion, detailing, permits, cost control, land-
scape, and more. The initiative was founded
22 years ago. Today the Studio 804 portfolio
includes nine LEED Platinum buildings and
three passive house-certified projects (see
pp. 60ff).
www.studio804.com
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