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HYPOTHESIS:
NULL HYPOTHESIS:
It is the same for the Chi-Square test of Independence as it is for other tests
like ANOVA, t-test, etc. If the calculated value of the Chi-Square test is greater
than the table value, we will reject the null hypothesis. If the calculated value is
less, then we will accept the null hypothesis
DF = (r-1) (c-1)
Where
DF = Degree of freedom
r = number of rows
c = number of columns
CHI-SQUARE ANALYSIS:
Chi-square test = (O-E)2/E
Degrees of freedom = V = (r-1) (C-1)
Where O = Observed Frequency
E = Expected Frequency
R = Number of rows
C = Number of columns
Level of significance = 5%.
V = (2-1)*(5-1)
= 4
RESULT
The next step is to use the chi square table found at the beginning of the lesson
to find the p-value. Because our data has four categories (the four departments
in the company), our degree of freedom is three. Following the row for a degree
of freedom of 4, we want to find the value nearest to the chi square value
of21.25 . The nearest value is 21.25, which corresponds to a p-value of 0.01. It
is common for statisticians to use a p-value of 0.05 to determine if the
hypothesis should be accepted or refused. Since our p-value is less than 0.05.
Therefore, in order to reject the null hypothesis, the final answer to the Chi
Square must be greater or equal to 21.25.
CORRELATION METHOD
SUBJECT X Y
Highly satisfied 18 20
Satisfied 22 16
Neutral 20 24
Dissatisfied 27 22
Highly dissatisfied 13 18
Subject X Y X2 Y2 XY
x = 100
y = 100
xy = 2020
x2 = 2106
y2 = 2040
n is the sample size, in our case = 5
The correlation coefficient =
=5(2020) (100 100) / [[[5(2106 (100)2] [5(2040)-(100)2]]]
=10100-10000/[[[1053010000] [10200-10000]
=-100/325.5
= 0.3072
RESULT
Formula
SS total = (x1)2+x2)2+x3)2-(x1)2+x2)2+x3)2-
N
SS total = (x1)2/n1+(x2)2/n2+..(xr)2/nr--(x1)2+x2)2+x3)2-
F= MS AMONG/ MS WITHIN
Create six columns: "x1", "x12", "x2", "x22", "x3", and "x32"
1. Put the raw data, according to group, in "x1", "x2", and "x3"
2. Calculate the sum for group 1.
3. Calculate (x)2 for group 1.
4. Calculate the mean for group 1
5. Calculate x2 for group 1.
6. Repeat steps 2-5 for groups 2 and 3
7. Set up SStotal and SSamong formulas and calculate
8. Calculate SSwithin
9. Enter sums of squares into the ANOVA table, and complete the table by
calculating: dfamong, dfwithin, MSamong, and MSwithin, and F
10. Check to see if F is statistically significant on probability table
with appropriate degrees of freedom and p < .05.
SS total = (x1)2+x2)2+x3)2-(x1)2+x2)2+x3)2-
N
= 2494+2094+2130-1002+1002+1002/15
=6718-3333.3
=3384.7
SS AMONG = (x1)2/n1+(x2)2/n2+..(xr)2/nr--(x1)2+x2)2+x3)2-
=10000/5+10000/5+10000/5- 3333.3
=2000+2000+2000-3333.3
=2666.7
SSwithin = SStotal - SSamong
= 3384.7-2666.7
= 718
SOURCE SS DF MS F
AMONG 3384.7 4 846.17 718
WITH IN 2666.7 11 242.4
INTERPRETATION:
This test can conclude that her hypothesis may be supported. The means
are as she predicted, in that the constant music group has the highest score.
However, the significant F only indicates that at least two means are
significantly different from one another, but she can't know which specific mean
pairs significantly differ until she conducts a post-hoc analysis