Devices to Overcome the

Limitations of Sight and

Hearing

Name : Wong Yi Han

Class : 2 Thomson
Teacher: Madam Ng Yeem Meng
Index
1. Introduce 1
2. Objective 2
3. Devices used to overcome the 3
limitation of sight
4. Devices used to overcome the 12
limitation of hearing
5. Conclusion 16
Introduce
Humans have sight and hearing limitation. Without any
devices, our sight and hearing was limited. Most of the
limitation of sight can be overcome with the help of
certain optical instruments such as magnifying glass,
microscope, binoculars and others. It was different
according to the age of a person. Hearing limitations can
be overcome by using devices such as microphone,
stethoscope, earphone and loudspeaker. All of these
devices help us to make our live easier.

1
Objective
The objectives of learning about the limitations of sight
and hearing.
- To learn that our sight and hearing have its limitation.
- To learn that we can overcome the limitation of our
sight and hearing by using technology devices.
The technology devices have make our life easier :
- Teachers use microphone in the assembly.
- Doctors use stethoscopes to hear our heartbeats.

2
Devices used to overcome the limitations
of sight
Our sense or sight has it limitation.

Examples of these limitations are

- We cannot see objects that are very tiny, such as

bacteria, viruses and atoms with our own naked eye.
- We also cant see the stars and planets that are
very far from Earth.

3
Telescope
A telescope is an instrument that aids in the observation
of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic
radiation . The first known practical telescopes were
invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th
century, using glass lenses. They found use in terrestrial
applications and astronomy.
Within a few decades, the reflecting telescope was
invented, which used mirrors. In the 20th century many
new types of telescopes were invented, including radio
telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the
1960s. The word telescope now refers to a wide range of
instruments detecting different regions of
the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other
types of detectors.
Viewing distant objects -stars, planets, moon.
Consists of two convex lenses- objective and eyepiece
lens.
The image produced by the objective lens is magnified
by the eyepiece lens.

4
5
Microscope
A microscope used to see objects that are too small for
the naked eye.
The science of investigating small objects using such an
instrument is called microscopy. Microscopic means
invisible to the eye unless aided by a microscope.
There are many types of microscopes, the most common
and first to be invented is the optical microscope. Other
major types of microscopes are the electron
microscope and the various types of scanning probe
microscope.

6
Binoculars
Binoculars provide a stereoscopic vision of distant
objects.
The parts of the binoculars and their functions are the
same as those of the telescope.
Binoculars are actually a pair of telescope.
Use - watch horses running in a race

7
Magnifying glass
A magnifying glass (called a hand lens in laboratory
contexts) is a convex lens that is used to see small object.
The lens is usually mounted in a frame with a handle.
Limited magnifying power - 10 to 15 times.

8
Periscope
A periscope is an instrument for observation over, around
or through an object, obstacle or condition that prevents
direct line-of-sight observation from an observer's
current position.
In its simplest form, it consists of an outer case
with mirrors at each end set parallel to each other at a
45-degree angle. This form of periscope, with the
addition of two simple lenses, served for observation
purposes in the trenches during World War I.

9
X-ray
X-rays can be used to detect the condition of certain
organs or detect fracture of bones. In medical X-rays,
the X-rays penetrate the internal soft body tissues and
form images on a film which can be examined by a
radiologist.

10
Ultrasound Machine
Ultrasonic waves - create images -organ , fetus.
Device shaped like microphone is pressed against the
area being scanned.
This device sends out very high frequency sound waves
into the area being scanned.
The waves bounce back upon hitting an organ and an
image of the organ is then obtained on computer screen.

11
Devices used to overcome the limitation
of hearing
The stethoscope is an acoustic medical device
for auscultation, or listening to the internal sounds of an
animal or human body. It is often used to listen to lung
and heart sounds. It is also used to listen
to intestines and blood flow in arteriesand veins. In
combination with a sphygmomanometer, it is commonly
used for measurements of blood pressure. Less commonly,
"mechanic's stethoscopes" are used to listen to internal
sounds made by machines, such as diagnosing a
malfunctioning automobile engine by listening to the
sounds of its internal parts. Stethoscopes can also be
used to check scientific vacuum chambers for leaks, and
for various other small-scale acoustic monitoring tasks.

12
Microphone
A microphone is an acoustic-to-
electric transducer or sensor that converts sound in air
into an electrical signal. Microphones are used in many
applications such as telephones, tape
recorders, karaoke systems, hearing aids, motion
picture production, live and recorded audio
engineering, FRS radios, megaphones,
in radio and television broadcasting and in computers for
recording voice, speech recognition, VoIP, and for non-
acoustic purposes such as ultrasonic checking or knock
sensors.

13
Loudspeaker
A loudspeaker is an electroacoustic transducer that
producessound in response to an electrical audio
signal input. In other words, speakers convert electrical
signals into audible signals. Non-electrical loudspeakers
were developed as accessories to telephone systems, but
electronic amplification byvacuum tube made
loudspeakers more generally useful.
The most popular speaker used today is the dynamic
speaker. The dynamic speaker operates on the same basic
principle as a dynamic microphone. Miniature
loudspeakers are found in devices such as radio and TV
receivers, and many forms of music players. Larger
loudspeaker systems are used for music, sound
reinforcement in theatres and concerts, and in public
address systems.

14
Hearing aid
A hearing aid is an electroacoustic device which is
designed to amplify sound for the wearer, usually with
the aim of making speech more intelligible, and to correct
impaired hearing as measured by audiometry. In the
United States, Hearing aids are considered medical
devices and are regulated by the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA). Ordinary small audio amplifiers or
other plain sound reinforcing systems cannot be sold as
"hearing aids".

15
Conclusion
Telescope, microscope, binoculars, magnifying glass,
periscope, X-ray, ultrasound machine are the devices
used to overcome the limitations of sight.

Stethoscope, microphone, loudspeaker, hearing aid are

the devices used to overcome the limitations of hearing.

16