2017 Corrections Comparative Data Report

ADULT CORRECTIONAL SYSTEMS
A Report Submitted to the

FISCAL AFFAIRS AND GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS COMMITTEE
Southern Legislative Conference Council of State Governments
John D. Carpenter John A. Alario, Jr., President

Legislative Fiscal Officer Louisiana Senate
Prepared by: Taylor F. Barras, Speaker

Monique Appeaning Louisiana House of Representatives
Fiscal Analyst/Special Projects Coordinator
Louisiana Legislative Fiscal Office 2016
This public document was published at a total cost of $1,744 ($17.44 per copy). One hundred (100) copies of this public document were published in this
first printing. This document was published for the Louisiana Legislative Fiscal Office, Post Office Box 44097, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70804 by the
Office of State Printing, Post Office Box 94095, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70804 in an effort to provide legislators, staff and the general public with an
accurate summary of Adult Correctional Systems Comparative Data for FY 16. This material was printed in accordance with the standards for printing
by state agencies established pursuant to R.S. 43.31.
ADULT CORRECTIONAL SYSTEMS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
Introduction and Methodology
I. Inmate Population Trends and Incarceration Rates 1-6

.
II. Prison and Jail Capacities . 7 - 15
III. Budgetary Issues . 16 - 20
IV. Staffing Patterns and Select Inmate Characteristics 21 - 30

.
V. Projected Costs of New Prisons . 31 - 33
VI. Probation and Parole . 34 - 39
VII. Rehabilitation . 40 - 41
VIII. Prison Industries . 42 - 45
IX. Privatization . 46 - 49
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(CONTINUED)
Pages
X. State Profiles 50
Alabama .
. 51 - 55
Arkansas .
. 56 - 60
Florida .
. 61 - 68
Georgia .
. 69 - 74
Kentucky .
. 75 - 79
Louisiana .
. 80 - 92
Mississippi .
. 93 - 97
Missouri .
. 98 - 104
North Carolina .
. 105 - 111
Oklahoma .
. 112 - 117
South Carolina .
. 118 - 123
Tennessee .
. 124 - 128
Texas .
. 129 - 147
Virginia .
. 148 - 154
West Virginia .
. 155 - 159
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
Table 1 Historical Trend Data of Adult Inmate Population (State Facilities) ..

.. 1
Table 2 A Comparison of Incarceration Rates
2
Table 3 Adult Inmate Population Housed in State Correctional Facilities ..
.. 3
Table 4 Inmate Population Housed in State Facilities (Comparison) ..
.. 4
Table 5 Total State Inmates Housed in State and Local Jails
8
Table 6 Population and Capacity of State Correctional Facilities
10
Table 7 Distribution of Adult Inmate Population by Type of Institution
.. 12
Table 8 Utilization of Local Jails
14
Table 9 Adult Corrections Operating Budgets 17

Table 10 Annual Operating Cost Per Inmate by Type of Institution 18

Table 11 Adult Corrections Expenditures for SLC States
20

Table 12 Positions, Staffing Ratios, and Starting Salaries 22

Table 13 Adult Correctional Officer Statistics 24

26
Table 14 Select Reported Incidents Per 1,000 Inmates
Table 15 Selected Characteristics of Adult Inmates 28

Table 16 Selected Characteristics of Adult Inmates (Continued) 29

Table 17 Selected New Medium Security Prisons: Projected Construction Costs 32

Table 18 Selected New Medium Security Prisons: Projected Operating Costs 33

Table 19 Probation and Parole Population 35

Table 20 Total State Inmates, Probationers, and Parolees Per 100,000 Population 38

39
Table 21 Probation and Parole Funding
Table 22 Inmate Rehabilitation
41
Table 23 Prison Industries
43 - 45
Table 24 Privatization Services
47 - 49
LIST OF CHARTS
Pages
Chart 1 Change in Inmate Population

5
Chart 2 Percent Change in Inmate Population (State Facilities Only) 6

Chart 3 Total State Inmates Housed in State And Local Jails 9

Chart 4 SLC Distribution of Adult Inmate Population by Type of Institution 13

Chart 5 System-Wide Average Operating Cost Per Inmate Day 19

Chart 6 Correctional Officer Average Starting Salaries
23
Chart 7 Caseloads Per Probation/Parole Agent
37

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
My sincere appreciation to the legislative and correctional agency staff across the Southern Legislative Conference
who provided the information that was used in the preparation of this report. Many thanks also to the Louisiana
Legislative Fiscal Office, namely John Carpenter, Evan Brasseaux, Alan Boxberger, Willie Marie Scott, Debbie Roussel
and Rachel Feigley. Last, but not least, thank you to Colleen Cousineau and the entire team with the Southern
Legislative Conference, Council of State Governments.
Monique Appeaning
Fiscal Analyst / Special Projects Coordinator
Louisiana Legislative Fiscal Office
P. O. Box 44097
Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70804
Phone No. (225) 342-7233
Fax No. (225) 342-7243
INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
This report is part of a series of annual comparative data reports presented to the Fiscal Affairs and Government
Operations Committee of the Southern Legislative Conference (SLC). The information contained in this report is
organized into ten sections, namely: Inmate Population Trends and Incarceration Rates; Prison and Jail Capacities,
Budgetary Issues; Staffing Patterns and Select Inmate Characteristics; Projected Costs of New Prisons; Probation and
Parole; Rehabilitation; Prison Industries; Privatization; and State Profiles.
Each section of the report includes a summary of key findings, statistical tables and figures based on survey research
involving each member state in the SLC. The fifteen states that make up the SLC are Alabama, Arkansas, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia and West Virginia.
METHODOLOGY
The purpose of this report is to provide legislators and staff in each SLC state with a reference document that can be
used to compare Adult Correctional Systems throughout the region.
A questionnaire was sent to each of the fifteen SLC states and each state provided a response. The data collected from
the surveys were used to compile this report, unless noted. In addition to group reporting of like data, selected data
from the states was compiled into a Corrections State Profile for each state. These include, but are not limited to,
selected characteristics of adult inmates and major state initiatives.
It should be noted that although identical surveys were sent to each state, there might be certain inconsistencies due
to differences in interpretation of corrections data. We have attempted to adjust these inconsistencies when making
comparisons among states. To the best of our ability this has been done with each states prior approval.
NOTE: For purpose of this report N/A denotes that the requested information was not provided, was unknown, or
was not available for reporting.
INMATE POPULATION TRENDS AND
INCARCERATION RATES
INMATE POPULATION TRENDS AND INCARCERATION RATES
Summary of Key Findings
Table 1 provides historical data (1994-2016) on the number of inmates in the SLC member states. A region-wide yearly trend summary of the change of inmates
housed in state correctional systems as of July 1 of each year is presented. The significant increase of 16.7 % from 1994 to 1995 reflects the addition of Missouri
to the SLC, while a decrease of 0.6 % from 2009 to 2010 reflects the departure of Maryland from the SLC. From July 1, 2015, to July 1, 2016, the inmate
population decreased by 5,537, or 0.97 %. Finally, it should be noted that the 2015 data were revised based on adjustments provided by the member states.
TABLE 1
Historical Trend Data of Adult Inmate Population
(State Facilities)
Number of Inmates Percent Change
YEAR
(in state facilities) Increase/-Decrease
1-Jul-94 352,768
1-Jul-95 411,746 16.70%
1-Jul-96 444,952 8.10%
1-Jul-97 465,879 4.70%
1-Jul-98 485,399 4.20%
1-Jul-99 508,043 4.70%
1-Jul-00 518,361 2.00%
1-Jul-01 523,683 1.00%
1-Jul-02 534,909 2.10%
1-Jul-03 549,493 2.70%
1-Jul-04 561,007 2.10%
1-Jul-05 569,747 1.60%
1-Jul-06 580,757 1.90%
1-Jul-07 591,261 1.80%
1-Jul-08 606,223 2.50%
1-Jul-09 586,388 0.50%
1-Jul-10 582,961 -0.60%
1-Jul-11 585,804 0.60%
1-Jul-12 580,909 -0.80%
1-Jul-13 577,067 -0.70%
1-Jul-14 576,118 -0.16%
1-Jul-15 569,675 -1.12%
1-Jul-16 564,138 -0.97%
1
Table 2 illustrates that between 2006 and 2016 the total resident population of the SLC states increased by 12.6 % from 106.3 M to 119.6 M. During the same
period, the number of SLC state inmates (including state inmates housed in local jails) increased by 4.6% from 607,378 to 635,148. The incarceration rate is
described as the number of inmates per 100,000 population. The incarceration rate in the SLC region decreased by 7.1% from 571.6 to 530.9. During the same
period, the U.S. incarceration rate decreased by 8% from 516.4 to 475. Over the last decade, the SLC states incarceration rate has remained above the U.S.
incarceration rate by approximately 55 inmates per 100,000 population.
TABLE 2
A Comparison of Incarceration Rates (includes federal inmates)
SLC Total
SLC Total U.S. SLC State U.S.
State U.S. Inmates
YEAR Population Population Inmates/ Inmates/
Inmates in Prisons
(thousands) (thousands) 100,000 Pop. 100,000 Pop.
(incl. jails)
2006 (a) 106,265 295,517 607,378 1,525,924 571.6 516.4
2016 (b) 119,642 321,419 635,148 1,526,792 530.9 475
% change 12.6% 8.8% 4.6% 0.1% -7.1% -8.0%
a) Population figures as of July 1, 2005. Source: Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Inmate population figures as of
December 31, 2005. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Prison Inmates at Mid-Year Report Release Date: December 2006.
b) Population figures as of July 1, 2015. Source: Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Inmate population figures as of
December 31, 2015. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Prison Inmates at Mid-Year Report Release Date: December 2016.
Note: For consistency, the data are reported for current SLC member states.
Table 3 on page 3 identifies the adult inmate population housed in state correctional facilities. From 2015 to 2016, the percent change in the inmate population
for SLC states varied widely from a 4% increase in Arkansas to a 6.6% decrease in Oklahoma. The table ranks SLC incarceration rates for adult inmates housed
in state-only correctional facilities from 1 to 15, where 1 denotes the state (Kentucky) with the lowest incarceration rate (285.19) and 15 denotes the state
(Oklahoma) with the highest incarceration rate (678.01).
Table 4 on page 4 and Chart 1 on page 5 reflect the change in the adult inmate population housed in state facilities from 2006 to 2016. West Virginia
experienced the highest percent increase of 27.2%, while Mississippi experienced the highest percent decrease of 26.8%. From 2006 to 2016, the average percent
change in inmate population for the SLC states from 2006 to 2016 was a 1% increase (Chart 2 on page 6).
2
TABLE 3
ADULT INMATE POPULATION HOUSED IN STATE CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES
Inmate Rank
Inmate Population Change
Inmate Population (a) per 100,000 in
STATE 1-Jul-15 1-Jul-16 Pop. (b) SLC 12 to 13 13 to 14 14 to 15 15 to 16
ALABAMA 25,447 24,203 497.67 9 -0.4% 0.6% -2.4% -4.9%

ARKANSAS 15,420 16,032 536.50 12 0.1% -0.7% 5.7% 4.0%
FLORIDA 100,050 99,119 480.87 8 0.4% -1.7% -0.9% -0.9%
GEORGIA 53,870 54,026 524.00 10 -5.5% 9.6% 1.4% 0.3%
KENTUCKY (c) 12,622 12,654 285.19 1 -0.6% -7.9% -1.6% 0.3%

LOUISIANA 19,268 19,562 417.84 6 3.4% 2.2% -2.2% 1.5%
MISSISSIPPI 19,071 17,854 597.38 14 1.7% 3.0% -12.6% -6.4%
MISSOURI (c) 32,299 32,837 538.93 13 1.2% 0.9% 1.2% 1.7%
NORTH CAROLINA 37,386 36,429 359.02 5 -2.4% -6.4% -0.7% -2.6%

OKLAHOMA 28,490 26,602 678.01 15 2.0% 1.4% 3.2% -6.6%
SOUTH CAROLINA 21,251 20,951 422.30 7 0.0% -4.9% -3.0% -1.4%
TENNESSEE 20,358 20,817 312.98 2 2.8% -1.2% -4.0% 2.3%
TEXAS 147,924 146,985 527.54 11 -1.8% -1.8% -1.8% -0.6%

VIRGINIA 30,379 30,196 358.97 4 0.5% -6.8% -0.2% -0.6%
WEST VIRGINIA 5,840 5,871 320.63 3 3.0% 1.0% -0.7% 0.5%
TOTAL 569,675 564,138 467.15 -0.7% -0.8% -1.2% -1.0%

(a) Incarceration population shown is for inmates in State Facilities only.
(b) Population data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. For incarceration rates of State Inmates in State and Local Jails,
see Table 5 on page 8 .
(c) Adjustments to 2015 were updated as needed.
3
TABLE 4
INMATE POPULATION HOUSED IN STATE FACILITIES
(Comparison of 2006 to 2016)
Total
Inmate Population Change Percent
STATE 1-Jul-06 (a) 1-Jul-16 2006-2016 Change
ALABAMA 24,780 24,203 (577) -2.4%

ARKANSAS 12,706 16,032 3,326 20.7%
FLORIDA 88,509 99,119 10,610 10.7%
GEORGIA 52,659 54,026 1,367 2.5%
KENTUCKY 14,493 12,654 (1,839) -14.5%

LOUISIANA 20,341 19,562 (779) -4.0%
MISSISSIPPI 22,637 17,854 (4,783) -26.8%
MISSOURI 30,162 32,837 2,675 8.1%
NORTH CAROLINA 37,467 36,429 (1,038) -2.8%

OKLAHOMA 23,853 26,602 2,749 10.3%
SOUTH CAROLINA 22,954 20,951 (2,003) -9.6%
TENNESSEE 19,145 20,817 1,672 8.0%
TEXAS 152,474 146,985 (5,489) -3.7%

VIRGINIA 31,776 30,196 (1,580) -5.2%
WEST VIRGINIA 4,276 5,871 1,595 27.2%
TOTAL /AVERAGE 558,232 564,138 5,906 1.0%

(a) As reported in 2007 survey and revised according to updated figures from the SLC states.
4
CHART 1
FY 06 - FY 16 CHANGE IN INMATE POPULATION (State Facilities)
180,000!
160,000!
140,000!
120,000!
Inmate Population!
100,000!
80,000!
60,000!
40,000!
20,000!
0!
AL! AR! FL! GA! KY! LA! MS! MO! NC! OK! SC! TN! TX! VA ! WV!
1-Jul-06! 24,780! 12,706! 88,509! 52,659! 14,493! 20,341! 22,637! 30,162! 37,467! 23,853! 22,954! 19,145! 152,474! 31,776! 4,276!
1-Jul-16! 24,203! 16,032! 99,119! 54,026! 12,654! 19,562! 17,854! 32,837! 36,429! 26,602! 20,951! 20,817! 146,985! 30,196! 5,871!
5
CHART 2
2006-2016 PERCENT CHANGE IN INMATE POPULATION (State Facilities)
WV! 27.2%!
AR! 20.7%!
FL! 10.7%!
OK! 10.3%!
MO! 8.1%!
TN! 8.0%!
GA! 2.5%!
SLC AVG! 1.0%!
-2.4%! AL!
-2.8%! NC!
-3.7%! TX!
-4.0%! LA!
-5.2%! VA!
-9.6%! SC!
-14.5%! KY!
-26.8%! MS!
-30.0%! -20.0%! -10.0%! 0.0%! 10.0%! 20.0%! 30.0%!
6
PRISON AND JAIL CAPACITIES
PRISON AND JAIL CAPACITIES
Table 5 on page 8 provides data for the combined total of state inmates housed in both state and local jails for the SLC states as of July 1, 2016. The number of
state inmates housed in local jails (53,694) represents 8.7% of the total inmate population of 617,832 housed in both state facilities and local jails. Of the fifteen
SLC states surveyed, eleven confined inmates in local jails. The table ranks SLC incarceration rates for adult inmates housed in state and local jails from 1 to
15, where 1 denotes the state (North Carolina) with the lowest incarceration rate (359.02) and 15 denotes the state (Louisiana) with the highest incarceration
rate (795.23). Chart 3 on page 9 provides information on total state inmates housed in state and local jails.
Table 6 on page 10 captures the inmate population and the capacity of state correctional facilities as of July 1, 2016. Seven of the fifteen SLC states reported
that the maximum design capacity was exceeded by the inmate population. Overall, the population for the SLC states was reported at 99% of the maximum
design capacity.
Table 7 on page 12 identifies the distribution of the adult inmate population by institution type based on security levels. States were asked to report the
percent of inmates housed in various levels of security. The levels range from one to three as follows:
Level One is an institution with maximum-security inmates (extended lockdown and working cell blocks).
Level Two consists of medium-security inmates (working cell blocks).
Level Three contains minimum-security inmates only.
Of the 564,138 inmates in state prisons, 22.7% are housed in Level One institutions, 53.3% are housed in Level Two institutions, 19.0% are housed in Level
Three institutions, 3.1% are housed in Community Based settings, and 1.9% are housed in Other settings excluding local jails (see footnotes to Table 7).
Chart 4 on page 13 provides the SLC distribution of adult inmate population by type of institution.
7
TABLE 5
TOTAL STATE INMATES HOUSED IN STATE AND LOCAL JAILS
(as of July 1, 2016)
Total State
STATE INMATES Inmates Per Rank
STATE
Total 100,000 in
State Facilities Local Jails State Inmates Pop. (a) SLC
ALABAMA 24,203 1,767 25,970 534.00 9

ARKANSAS 16,032 1,496 17,528 586.56 12
FLORIDA (b) 99,119 0 99,119 480.87 6
GEORGIA 54,026 427 54,453 528.14 8
KENTUCKY 12,654 11,717 24,371 549.27 11

LOUISIANA (c) 19,562 17,668 37,230 795.23 15
MISSISSIPPI 17,854 1,535 19,389 648.74 13
MISSOURI (b) 32,837 0 32,837 538.93 10
NORTH CAROLINA (b) 36,429 0 36,429 359.02 1

OKLAHOMA 26,602 409 27,011 688.43 14
SOUTH CAROLINA 20,951 308 21,259 428.51 3
TENNESSEE 20,817 9,193 30,010 451.20 4
TEXAS (b) 146,985 0 146,985 527.54 7

VIRGINIA 30,196 8,014 38,210 454.24 5
WEST VIRGINIA 5,871 1,160 7,031 383.98 2
TOTAL 564,138 53,694 617,832 511.61

(a) Population data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.
(b) States that do not house state prisoners in local jails.
(c) Louisiana includes 3,113 private prison beds.
8
CHART 3
TOTAL STATE INMATES HOUSED IN STATE AND LOCAL JAILS
TEXAS! 146,985!
FLORIDA! 99,119!
GEORGIA ! 54,453!
VIRGINIA ! 38,210!
LOUISIANA! 37,230!
NORTH CAROLINA! 36,429!
MISSOURI! 32,837!
TENNESSEE ! 30,010!
OKLAHOMA! 27,011!
ALABAMA ! 25,970!
KENTUCKY! 24,371!
SOUTH CAROLINA! 21,259!
MISSISSIPPI! 19,389!
ARKANSAS! 17,528!
WEST VIRGINIA! 7,031!
0! 20,000! 40,000! 60,000! 80,000! 100,000! 120,000! 140,000! 160,000!
9
TABLE 6
POPULATION AND CAPACITY OF STATE CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES
Revised 7/25/2017
Maximum
Inmate Design Percent of
STATE Population Capacity Capacity
ALABAMA (a) 24,203 13,318 182%

ARKANSAS 16,032 14,821 108%
FLORIDA (b) 99,119 100,513 99%
GEORGIA 54,026 59,040 92%
KENTUCKY (c) 12,654 12,034 105%

LOUISIANA (d) 19,562 18,676 105%
MISSISSIPPI (e) 17,854 24,272 74%
MISSOURI 32,837 32,237 102%
NORTH CAROLINA 36,429 41,869 87%

OKLAHOMA 26,602 24,119 110%
SOUTH CAROLINA (f) 20,951 22,828 92%
TENNESSEE (g) 20,817 22,881 91%
TEXAS (h) 146,985 155,702 94%

VIRGINIA (i) 30,196 24,241 125%
WEST VIRGINIA 5,871 5,998 98%
TOTAL / AVERAGE 564,138 572,549 99%

(a) Alabama double bunks prisoners. Alabama reports that local authorities determine designed bed capacity for local jails.
(b) Florida reports that it does not oversee county jails. Each local jail is managed, maintained, and regulated at the county level.
(c) Kentucky's DOC promulgated administrative regulations concerning jail standards, particularly if those jails wish to house state
inmates. Maximum designed capacity for county jails are contingent on the style of each individual jail, but DOC administrative
regulations stipulate that cells shall provide no less than 70 square feet for confinement areas that also shall not exceed two penal
type bunks. In terms of total county bed capacity, the DOC uses the total bed counts provided by county jails.
10
(d) Louisiana includes 3,113 private prison beds. Louisiana reports that the maximum designed capacity of local jails is a rated
capacity and is established by the State Fire Marshal, State Health Department, the Louisiana Sheriff's Association and the
Department of Public Safety and Correction Services.
(e) Mississippi reports that its state legislature and the federal courts determine the capacity of approved jails including allotment
of beds for state inmates.
(f) South Carolina reports the capacity is defined as the number of inmates, of whatever classification, based upon square footage
and other relevant requirements that can be properly housed in each facility and in the various living areas within each facility.
(The different types of facilities are evaluated based upon the appropriate respective edition of the Minimum Standards for Local
Detention Facilities in South Carolina that applies in terms of square footage; ratio of toilets, sinks, showers, etc.; dayroom space,
and other circumstances that impact living conditions.)
(g) Tennessee reports that the maximum designed bed capacity is determined by the Tennessee Corrections Institute, in accordance
with Tennessee Code Annotated 41-4-140. Minimum Standards are based on fixed ratios and located online.
(h) Texas reports that county jails are subject to a plan review process based on several factors that are incorporated into the design,
including clear/unencumbered floor space within the cells, number of fixtures (toilets, lavatories, showers, etc.) and
support/ancillary space provided. After construction is complete, an onsite inspection is conducted in order to ensure that all
minimum requirements have been met, and that the facility was built as designed and approved through the review process. If all
minimum requirements are met, the designed capacity of the facility becomes the facility capacity.
(i) Virginia includes 1,534 private prison beds and reports an operational capacity of 29,431, which includes the number of inmates
that can be accommodated based on staff, existing programs and services. Virginia reports it does not designate a "maximum
designed bed capacity for local jails." All jails have a certified rated operating capacity as determined by square foot measurement
of cell, dayroom and dormitory housing areas.
11
TABLE 7
DISTRIBUTION OF ADULT INMATE POPULATION BY TYPE OF INSTITUTION
Level One Level Two Level Three Community Based Other

STATE Total
Inmates % Inmates % Inmates % Inmates % Inmates %
ALABAMA (a) 7,487 30.9% 12,016 49.6% 384 1.6% 3,805 15.7% 511 2.1% 24,203
ARKANSAS 5,909 36.9% 9,208 57.4% 0 0.0% 915 5.7% 0 0.0% 16,032
FLORIDA 5,536 5.6% 90,012 90.8% 0 0.0% 3,571 3.6% 0 0.0% 99,119
GEORGIA 2,352 4.4% 39,692 73.5% 9,347 17.3% 2,622 4.9% 13 0.0% 54,026
KENTUCKY 821 6.5% 9,596 75.8% 1,723 13.6% 514 4.1% 0 0.0% 12,654
LOUISIANA (b) 9,993 51.1% 7,644 39.1% 491 2.5% 1,059 5.4% 375 1.9% 19,562
MISSISSIPPI (c) 3,390 19.0% 10,378 58.1% 3,143 17.6% 943 5.3% 0 0.0% 17,854
MISSOURI 15,587 47.5% 10,887 33.2% 6,357 19.4% 0 0.0% 6 0.0% 32,837
NORTH CAROLINA (d) 6,095 16.7% 17,062 46.8% 11,804 32.4% 30 0.1% 1,438 3.9% 36,429
OKLAHOMA (e) 1,961 7.4% 12,814 48.2% 8,271 31.1% 3,479 13.1% 77 0.3% 26,602
SOUTH CAROLINA (f) 7,197 34.4% 9,538 45.5% 2,245 10.7% 0 0.0% 1,971 9.4% 20,951
TENNESSEE 7,092 34.1% 13,725 65.9% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 20,817
TEXAS 48,750 33.2% 43,338 29.5% 54,897 37.3% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 146,985
VIRGINIA (g) 4,461 14.8% 11,426 37.8% 7,847 26.0% 0 0.0% 6,462 21.4% 30,196
WEST VIRGINIA (h) 1,536 26.2% 3,100 52.8% 577 9.8% 548 9.3% 110 1.9% 5,871
TOTAL 128,167 22.7% 300,436 53.3% 107,086 19.0% 17,486 3.1% 10,963 1.9% 564,138
(a) Alabama's "other" category includes in-transient, records monitor and leased beds.
(b) Louisiana's "other" category captures the adult reception and diagnostic center inmates.
(c) Mississippi's "other" category represents house arrest and earned release supervision.
(d) North Carolina's "other" category includes safekeepers and unassigned custody.
(e) Oklahoma's "other" category represents inmates who were in-transit on 7/1/16. Transport inmate's security level is determined by the highest security
inmate being transported.
(f) South Carolina's "other" category includes psychiatric hospital, infirmary designations and authorized absences.
(g) Virginia operates multi-level institutions where Level One is minimum; Level Two is moderate; and Level Three is medium. The "other" category includes
close, maximum, restricted housing, transition, protective custody, death row, hearing impaired and unassigned.
(h) West Virginia's "other" category includes receiving and intake.
12
CHART 4
SLC DISTRIBUTION OF ADULT INMATE POPULATION BY TYPE OF INSTITUTION
Community Based, 3.1%!

Other, 1.9%!
Level One, 22.7%!
Level Three, 19.0%!
Level Two, 53.3%!
13
TABLE 8
UTILIZATION OF LOCAL JAILS
Total Maximum Percent Number of (Average)

Local Jail Design of State State Payment Per
STATE Population Capacity Capacity Inmates Inmate Day Inmate Year
ALABAMA (a) N/A N/A N/A 1,767 N/A N/A

ARKANSAS (b) N/A N/A N/A 1,496 $21.00 $7,665
FLORIDA (c)(d) 53,536 N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A
GEORGIA (e) 35,972 47,761 75.3% 427 $30.00 $10,950
KENTUCKY (f) 21,931 19,611 111.8% 11,717 $35.91 $13,107

LOUISIANA (g) 34,641 42,545 81.4% 17,668 $24.39 $8,902
MISSISSIPPI (h) N/A 1,986 N/A 1,535 $20.00 $7,300
MISSOURI (c) N/A N/A 0 0 N/A N/A
NORTH CAROLINA (c)(i) N/A N/A 0 0 N/A N/A

OKLAHOMA (j) N/A N/A N/A 409 $32.50 $11,863
SOUTH CAROLINA (k) N/A N/A N/A 308 $0.00 $0
TENNESSEE (l) 29,190 33,836 86.3% 9,193 $49.36 $18,016
TEXAS (c) 65,793 93,335 70.5% 0 N/A N/A

VIRGINIA (m) 38,187 N/A N/A 8,014 $12.00 $4,380
WEST VIRGINIA (n) N/A N/A N/A 1,160 $48.00 $17,520
TOTAL / AVERAGE (o) 279,250 239,074 53,694 $30.35 $11,078.17

(a) Alabama's State Finance Department pays a flat rate reimbursement of $1.75 per inmate per day set by the legislature.
(b) Arkansas has a flat rate of $30 per day for county jail backlog and $12 per day for contracted jail beds. The $21 per day
rate is the average of both.
(c) Florida, Missouri, North Carolina and Texas do not house state prisoners in local jails.
(d) Florida's figure represents an estimate of the total number of local (non-state) inmates.
(e) Georgia reports that after 15 days, it must reimburse the county for the cost of incarcerating an offender in a local jail at
a rate of $30 per day.
14
(f) Kentucky pays county jails $31.41 per state inmate per day. It increases to $40.41 if the county jails provide a substance
abuse treatment program that state inmates utilize. The average payment per day is $35.91. The per diem amounts are not
tied to existing statute, but are instead determined based on the budgeted resources that the department of corrections is
provided by the general assembly. Therefore, the budgeted resources dictate how much latitude the department has in
increasing the per diem to county jails and halfway houses for housing state inmates.
(g) Louisiana reimburses all facilities at a flat rate of $24.39 per day except for Work Release Facilities which are
reimbursed at $14.39 for non-contract programs and $10.25 for contract programs, and one facility that earns an additional
$7 per inmate per day through an approved cooperative endeavor agreement to provide and capitalize additional beds for
the state. All parishes are also eligible to have approved extraordinary medical expenses reimbursed. Orleans Parish is
reimbursed an additional per diem of $2 per day for medical expenses for state inmates, $7 per day for all inmates served
by their mental health unit and $3 per day for the Intensive Incarceration and Parole Supervision Program.
(h) Mississippi's state legislature and federal courts determine its capacity of approved jails to include the allotment of
beds for state inmates.
(i) North Carolina reports that it handles payments for medical expenses for some prisoners in local jails. At times the state
realizes a backlog, but inmates are not "state prisoners" until they have been officially admitted to prison.
(j) Oklahoma reports that it has 1,137 waiting admissions into custody that are under its jurisdiction. The rate per inmate
per day is based on contract.
(k) South Carolina does not reimburse local facilities. Local facilities utilize certain skilled state inmates to provide certain
services such as plumbing or electrical work to cover the cost to house state inmates. The Agency will authorize and
facilitate the selection, assignment, and transfer of eligible inmates to and from designated facilities in accordance with the
provisions of the Designated Facility Contractual Agreement. To promote the safety and security of the general public and
all victims of crime, SCDC inmates requesting to be considered for assignment to a designated facility will be thoroughly
screened prior to a transfer being authorized. All designated facility inmate transfers will be approved and implemented in
compliance with all applicable SCDC policies/procedures and state and federal statutes.
(l) Tennessee has four types of reimbursements: contract fixed rate, contract reasonable allowable, fixed rate and resolution
allowable. While the average budgeted reimbursement to localities to house state inmates is $49.36, the fixed rate for
counties that do not have a contract and receive the maximum reimbursement rate of $37. Reasonable rates are for counties
who have not yet received three consecutive years of the maximum reimbursement rate of $37 per day per inmate. This
rate requires impacted counties to complete a final cost settlement to determine an official reimbursement rate.
(m) Virginia's Compensation Board provides payment to any locality that had an average daily jail population under ten in
FY 95 an inmate per diem rate of $22 per day for local responsible inmates and $28 per day for state responsible inmates
held in these jails in lieu of personal service costs for correctional officers. Danville City Farm Jail is paid $18 for local and
$12 for state responsible per diem.
(n) West Virginia's flat rate is based on West Virginia's Jail Authority statute and rule.
(o) The reported average reflects only the nine states reporting state payments by inmate day and years. Note: The July 1,
2015 computations were based on a 365 day year.
15
BUDGETARY ISSUES
BUDGETARY ISSUES
Table 9 on page 17 provides the operating budgets for adult corrections with actual expenditure data reported for FY 06, FY 11, and FY 16, while projections
were reported for FY 17. Over the past decade (FY 06 FY 16), actual expenditures in the SLC region have increased by 25.86% from $11.41 B to $13.60 B.
Table 10 on page 18 and Chart 5 on page 19 delineate the FY 16 system-wide operating cost per inmate by institution type. The system-wide average annual
operating cost per inmate was $21,181 with North Carolina spending the most at $30,400 ($83 per day) and Louisiana spending the least at $14,037 ($38 per
day). The system-wide annual operating costs per inmate varied across the SLC states by type of confinement. Specifically, the average system-wide annual
operating costs by the type of confinement were as follows: $22,584 for Level One; $22,019 for Level Two; $19,876 for Level Three; $16,860 for Community
Based; and $21,319 for Other.
Table 11 on page 20 addresses expenditure data for adult corrections in the SLC states. Two notable rankings are presented. The first ranking is associated
with the expenditures per inmate for FY 16, where 1 denotes the state (North Carolina) with the highest expenditure per inmate ($41,791), while 15 denotes
the state (Kentucky) with the lowest expenditure per inmate ($12,230). The second ranking is associated with the expenditures per capita for FY 16, where 1
denotes the state (North Carolina) with highest expenditures per capita ($150.04), while 15 denotes the state (Kentucky) with the lowest expenditure per
capita ($67.18).
16
TABLE 9
ADULT CORRECTIONS OPERATING BUDGETS
(in thousands of dollars)
Actual Projected
Corrections Corrections Percent Change
Expenditures Expenditures
FY 06 to FY 16 FY 11 to FY 16
STATE FY 06 (a)(b) FY 11 (b) FY 16 FY 17
ALABAMA $371,100 $460,700 $467,000 $498,500 25.84% 1.37%
ARKANSAS $249,770 $340,698 $342,354 $350,687 37.07% 0.49%
FLORIDA $2,071,667 $2,357,525 $2,293,179 $2,324,597 10.69% -2.73%
GEORGIA $1,092,570 $1,139,481 $1,216,607 $1,162,081 11.35% 6.77%
KENTUCKY (c) $214,386 $297,443 $298,054 $288,433 39.03% 0.21%

LOUISIANA $496,791 $563,674 $519,899 $506,793 4.65% -7.77%
MISSISSIPPI $292,605 $333,002 $358,717 N/A 22.59% 7.72%
MISSOURI $493,428 $742,338 $790,934 $813,836 60.29% 6.55%
NORTH CAROLINA $1,227,054 $1,523,054 $1,522,410 $1,612,169 24.07% -0.04%

OKLAHOMA $474,260 $487,124 $520,420 $544,084 9.73% 6.84%
SOUTH CAROLINA $309,674 $336,564 $370,484 $408,663 19.64% 10.08%
TENNESSEE $558,434 $738,085 $892,208 $973,974 59.77% 20.88%
TEXAS $2,593,370 $3,112,938 $3,403,017 $3,433,573 31.22% 9.32%

VIRGINIA $849,480 $1,007,679 $1,172,974 $1,197,707 38.08% 16.40%
WEST VIRGINIA $117,390 $158,712 $194,841 $200,686 65.98% 22.76%
TOTAL / AVERAGE $11,411,979 $13,599,017 $14,363,098 $14,315,783 25.86% 5.62%

(a) As reported in the 2016 survey.
(b) Years prior to 2011 do not include fringe benefits
(c) Kentucky's FY 06 data as reported in the 2007 survey.
17
TABLE 10
ANNUAL OPERATING COST PER INMATE BY TYPE OF INSTITUTION (a)
FY 16 Actuals
System-wide System-wide
Community Annual Average
Level One Level Two Level Three Other
Based Operating Cost Operating Cost
STATE Per Inmate Per Inmate Day
ALABAMA N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A $17,407 $48

ARKANSAS $21,983 $22,399 N/A $19,046 N/A $22,086 $61
FLORIDA N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A $19,577 $53
GEORGIA $20,146 $30,213 $16,789 $14,650 N/A N/A $57
KENTUCKY $18,996 $21,335 $32,339 $11,915 N/A $23,452 $64

LOUISIANA $22,001 $17,367 $365 $8,420 $0 $14,037 $38
MISSISSIPPI $19,794 $19,939 $18,115 N/A N/A $18,232 $50
MISSOURI $21,787 $20,679 $22,011 $0 $21,440 $20,966 $57
NORTH CAROLINA $34,573 $30,116 $26,513 N/A N/A $30,400 $83

OKLAHOMA $25,769 $14,353 $14,153 $13,902 $14,104 $14,894 $45
SOUTH CAROLINA $16,433 $14,441 $14,285 N/A N/A $15,255 $50
TENNESSEE $33,804 $24,655 N/A N/A N/A N/A $77
TEXAS $19,528 $21,324 $23,029 $0 $0 $22,366 $62

VIRGINIA $20,960 $27,611 $29,416 $31,722 N/A $28,997 $79
WEST VIRGINIA (b) $17,820 $21,811 $21,617 $18,363 $28,412 $27,684 $76
AVERAGE $22,584 $22,019 $19,876 $16,860 $21,319 $21,181 $60

NOTE:
The definitions of the distribution of the prison population will remain at three levels:
Level 1 - Maximum-security inmates (extended lockdown and working cellblocks), Medium, and Minimum-security inmates
Level 2 - Medium-security inmates (working cell blocks) and Minimum-security inmates
Level 3 - Only Minimum-security inmates
(a) Annual operating costs include those attributed to each corrections department. Expenditures associated with non-corrections
budget units for inmate support are not included (i.e. headquarters, capital outlay, or probation and parole).
(b) West Virginia reports "other" as the intake facility.
18
CHART 5
SYSTEM-WIDE AVERAGE OPERATING COST PER INMATE DAY
NORTH CAROLINA!
VIRGINIA !
TENNESSEE!
WEST VIRGINIA!
KENTUCKY !
TEXAS!
ARKANSAS!
SLC AVERAGE!
GEORGIA!
MISSOURI !
FLORIDA!
SOUTH CAROLINA!
MISSISSIPPI!
ALABAMA!
OKLAHOMA!
LOUISIANA!
$0 ! $10 ! $20 ! $30 ! $40 ! $50 ! $60 ! $70 ! $80 ! $90 !

SOUTH SLC WEST NORTH
LOUISIANA OKLAHOMA ALABAMA MISSISSIPPI FLORIDA MISSOURI GEORGIA ARKANSAS TEXAS KENTUCKY TENNESSEE VIRGINIA
CAROLINA AVERAGE VIRGINIA CAROLINA
COST PER DAY $38 $45 $48 $50 $50 $53 $57 $57 $60 $61 $62 $64 $76 $77 $79 $83
19
TABLE 11
ADULT CORRECTIONS EXPENDITURES FOR SLC STATES
Adult
Total Expenditures Expenditures
Corrections Population
State Per Per Capita Rank
Expenditures Rank Estimate
Inmates Inmate FY 16
FY 16 7/1/16
FY 16 (a) FY 16
(in thousands of dollars)
STATE
ALABAMA $467,000 25,970 $17,982 12 4,863,300 $96.03 13

ARKANSAS $342,354 17,528 $19,532 9 2,988,248 $114.57 9
FLORIDA $2,293,179 99,119 $23,136 7 20,612,439 $111.25 10
GEORGIA $1,216,607 54,453 $22,342 8 10,310,371 $118.00 8
KENTUCKY $298,054 24,371 $12,230 15 4,436,974 $67.18 15

LOUISIANA $519,899 37,230 $13,965 14 4,681,666 $111.05 11
MISSISSIPPI $358,717 19,389 $18,501 11 2,988,726 $120.02 7
MISSOURI $790,934 32,837 $24,087 5 6,093,000 $129.81 5
NORTH CAROLINA $1,522,410 36,429 $41,791 1 10,146,788 $150.04 1

OKLAHOMA $520,420 27,011 $19,267 10 3,923,561 $132.64 4
SOUTH CAROLINA $370,484 21,259 $17,427 13 4,961,119 $74.68 14
TENNESSEE $892,208 30,010 $29,730 3 6,651,194 $134.14 3
TEXAS $3,403,017 146,985 $23,152 6 27,862,596 $122.14 6

VIRGINIA $1,172,974 38,210 $30,698 2 8,411,808 $139.44 2
WEST VIRGINIA $194,841 7,031 $27,712 4 1,831,102 $106.41 12
TOTAL /AVERAGE $14,363,098 617,832 $23,248 120,762,892 $118.94
Note: Expenditures are total operating expenditures for adult corrections.

(a) State and Local Jail Inmates as of July 1, 2016.
20
STAFFING PATTERNS AND SELECTED
INMATE CHARACTERISTICS
STAFFING PATTERNS
Table 12 on page 22 details the staffing ratios and starting salaries for the fifteen SLC states as of July 1, 2016. The states in the region were authorized
employment of 104,753 correctional officers. As of July 1, 2016, approximately 88.1% of those positions were filled. There was an average of 6.1 inmates per
filled correctional officer in the region. The average SLC starting salary was $28,264, not including related benefits. Table 12 identifies two SLC rankings. The
first ranking addresses the inmate to filled officer ratio, where 1 denotes the state (Oklahoma) with the highest number of inmates per officer (15.2), while 15
denotes the state (North Carolina) with the lowest number of inmates per officer (3.7). The second ranking addresses the average starting salaries, where 1
denotes the state (Texas) with the highest average starting salary ($35,931), while 15 denotes the state (West Virginia) with the lowest average starting salary
($22,584). Chart 6 on page 23 details the average starting salary of a correctional officer by SLC state.
Table 13 on page 24 provides data on adult correctional officers such as the average hours of classroom training (233), the average first year of employment on-
the-job training hours (90) and the average turnover rate (25.1%) for the SLC states. States require an average of 43.17 hours of in-service training each year
thereafter. Mississippi averaged the highest turnover rate at 47.5%, while North Carolina averaged the lowest turnover rate at 2.0%. Table 14 on page 26
reflects data on selected reported incidents, where the average number of assaults per 1,000 inmates was 24.3. Based on the survey data provided by the
states, Louisiana had the highest number of selected reported incidents per 1,000 inmates at 100.91, while Virginia had the lowest number of violent incidents
per 1,000 inmates at 0.03. Collectively, the states reported a total of 10,728 assaults by inmates on other inmates and 5,725 assaults by inmates on staff.
Tables 15 and 16 on pages 28 and 29 provide data on selected characteristics of adult inmates where the average SLC demographic statistics are as follows:
White (48.8%), Black (45.2%), Hispanic (4.3%), Other (1.7%), Male (91.1%), and Female (8.9%). Additionally, the average age at commitment was 34.0 years, the
average sentence was 5.5 years, and the average time served was 3.2 years. There were 37,655 inmates admitted who were parole violators, 152,058 inmates
serving sentences of 20 years or more, 19,766 inmates serving life without the possibility of parole, 1,398 inmates sentenced to death, and 24 executions.
Finally, a total 276,155 inmates were released from custody in FY 16.
21
TABLE 12
POSITIONS, STAFFING RATIOS, AND STARTING SALARIES
Correctional Officer State Average

Inmate to
Positions Percent Inmate Ratio Starting Salary
Filled
Filled Population Rank Salary(b) Rank
Officer Ratio
Authorized Filled 2016 (a)
STATE
ALABAMA 3,565 1,920 53.9% 24,203 12.6 2 $28,517 7
ARKANSAS (c) 3,503 3,036 86.7% 16,032 5.3 12 $28,480 8
FLORIDA (d) 17,014 15,634 91.9% 99,119 6.3 8 $30,808 3
GEORGIA (e) 7,838 6,789 86.6% 54,026 8.0 4 $29,488 6
KENTUCKY 2,269 1,875 82.6% 12,654 6.7 6 $26,400 12

LOUISIANA (f) 3,069 2,899 94.5% 16,449 5.7 10 $24,357 14
MISSISSIPPI 1,996 1,473 73.8% 17,854 12.1 3 $24,903 13
MISSOURI 5,882 5,579 94.8% 32,837 5.9 9 $30,240 4
NORTH CAROLINA 11,349 9,842 86.7% 36,429 3.7 15 $30,866 2
OKLAHOMA 2,547 1,749 68.7% 26,602 15.2 1 $26,573 11
SOUTH CAROLINA 3,955 3,035 76.7% 20,951 6.9 5 $27,891 9
TENNESSEE 3,476 3,230 92.9% 20,817 6.4 7 $27,329 10
TEXAS (g) 29,272 27,089 92.5% 146,985 5.4 11 $35,931 1
VIRGINIA 7,680 6,960 90.6% 30,196 4.3 14 $29,596 5
WEST VIRGINIA 1,338 1,161 86.8% 5,871 5.1 13 $22,584 15
TOTAL /AVERAGE 104,753 92,271 88.1% 561,025 6.1 $28,264
(a) This column reflects only state inmates in facilities staffed by state employees.
(b) Salary data is based on base annual salary and does not include retirement and other related benefits.
(c) Arkansas reports its starting salary for an entry-level correctional officer ranges from $26,824 to $30,135.
(d) Florida reports its starting salary for an entry-level correctional officer as $30,807.92 for "certified officers."
(e) Georgia reports its starting salary at $27,936 for medium security and $31,040 for close security/special mission.
(f) Louisiana's Correctional Officer positions staff state run facilities only; therefore, the inmate population was reduced by 3,113 inmates who are housed
in 2 state facilities that are managed/operated by non-state contractors.
(g) Texas reports starting salary of $34,591 for regular applicants and $37,270 for applicants with Bachelor's Degree or two years active military service.
22
CHART 6
CORRECTIONAL OFFICER AVERAGE STARTING SALARIES
(W/O RETIREMENT AND RELATED BENEFITS)
WEST VIRGINIA $22,584
LOUISIANA $24,357
MISSISSIPPI $24,903
KENTUCKY $26,400
OKLAHOMA $26,573
TENNESSEE $27,329
SOUTH CAROLINA $27,891
SLC AVERAGE $28,264
ARKANSAS $28,480
ALABAMA $28,517
GEORGIA $29,488
VIRGINIA $29,596
MISSOURI $30,240
FLORIDA $30,808
NORTH CAROLINA $30,866
TEXAS $35,931
$0 $5,000 $10,000 $15,000 $20,000 $25,000 $30,000 $35,000 $40,000
23
TABLE 13
ADULT CORRECTIONAL OFFICER STATISTICS
1st Year of
Hours of Employment In Service Average
Classroom On-the-Job Total Each Year Turnover Rate
Training Training Thereafter (%)
STATE Hours
ALABAMA (a) 480 96 576 40 18.0%

ARKANSAS (b) 160 40 200 40 7.8%
FLORIDA (c) 420 120 540 40 24.0%
GEORGIA (d) 200 40 240 60 31.6%
KENTUCKY (e) 120 40 160 40 22.2%
LOUISIANA (f) 120 40 160 40 37.0%
MISSISSIPPI (g) 200 160 360 40 47.5%
MISSOURI (h) 160 80 240 30 23.8%
NORTH CAROLINA (i) 200 80 280 80 2.0%
OKLAHOMA (j) 240 N/A 240 40 24.8%
SOUTH CAROLINA (k) 280 24 304 37.5 25.17%
TENNESSEE (l) 160 160 320 40 36.2%
TEXAS (m) 240 144 384 40 21.6%

VIRGINIA (n) 400 200 600 40 23.2%
WEST VIRGINIA (o) 120 40 160 40 32.0%
AVERAGE 233 90 318 43.17 25.1%

(a) Alabama calculates its turnover rate by the number of losses divided by the number of Correctional Officers.
(b) Arkansas calculates its turnover rate by adding the four quarters then dividing it by four.
(c) Florida calculates its turnover rate as the average of the beginning and end of fiscal year positions and all separations from
the agency for any reason. This does not include OPS (non-career service) correctional officers, but does include all
Correctional Officer series.
24
(d) Georgia calculates its turnover rate by diving the number of officers who left the department that month by the count of
officers employed by the department at the end of the month. The turnover rate for the fiscal year is determined by
calculating the sum of the turnover rates for the twelve months. Georgia's In Service Training consist of 20 hrs for Peace
Officers Standards and Training (POST) and 40 hrs for American Correctional Association (ACA) standards.
(e) Kentucky calculates its turnover rate for the Kentucky Personnel Cabinet by the total number of employees subtracted
from the service divided by the ending employee count.
(f) Louisiana calculates its turnover rate by total exits divided by authorized table of organization positions.
(g) Mississippi calculates its turnover rate by total separations for period divided by total number of officers for period.
Separations include all separation types.
(h) Missouri calculates its turnover rate for the Corrections Officer I classification, and is based on available positions and
separations processed between July 1, 2015 and June 30, 2016.
(i) North Carolina reports 1.95 as its total turnover rate, 1.67 as its voluntary turnover rate and 0.28 as its involuntary turnover
rate. North Carolina on the job training requirement varies by job class - the range is 40-80.
(j) Oklahoma calculates its turnover rate by total terminations divided by (starting head count plus new hires).
(k) South Carolina calculates its turnover rate by terminations during FY16 divided by authorized strength. Authorized
strength is the number of FTEs required to staff each post at an institution.
(l) Tennessee reports that the turnover rate includes all officers leaving active positions, but excludes those transferred or
promoted.
(m) Texas reports that its turnover rate is determined by dividing FY16 separations by the average filled positions.
(n) Virginia reports that its turnover rate is calculated by an annualized formula used over a 12-month period.
(o) West Virginia calculates its turnover rate by the number of Correctional Officer separations divided by the number of
correctional officer staff positions for FY15.
25
TABLE 14
FY 16 SELECT REPORTED INCIDENTS PER 1,000 INMATES
Assaults on Death of Escapes (a)

Inmates Staff Inmates Staff Attempted At-Large
Per Per Per Per Per Per
No. No. No. No. No. No.
STATE 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
ALABAMA (b) 1,243 51.36 521 21.53 6 0.25 1 0.04 0 0.00 19 0.79
ARKANSAS (c) 455 28.38 316 19.71 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 0.12 0 0.00
FLORIDA 1,481 14.94 427 4.31 9 0.09 0 0.00 4 0.04 0 0.00
GEORGIA (d) 935 17.31 391 7.24 5 0.09 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
KENTUCKY (e) 291 23.00 249 19.68 1 0.08 0 0.00 11 0.87 0 0.00
LOUISIANA (f) 1,974 100.91 669 34.20 2 0.10 0 0.00 1 0.05 0 0.00
MISSISSIPPI 662 37.08 528 29.57 3 0.17 0 0.00 3 0.17 0 0.00
MISSOURI (g) 220 6.70 288 8.77 4 0.12 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
NORTH CAROLINA 1,190 32.67 1,160 31.84 1 0.03 0 0.00 7 0.19 4 0.11
OKLAHOMA (h) 161 6.05 76 2.86 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
SOUTH CAROLINA 341 16.28 526 25.11 5 0.24 0 0.00 11 0.53 0 0.00
TENNESSEE 341 16.38 478 22.96 2 0.10 0 0.00 1 0.05 0 0.00
TEXAS (i) 1,381 9.40 91 0.62 2 0.01 1 0.01 0 0.00 0 0.00

VIRGINIA (j) 40 1.32 1 0.03 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 0.07 0 0.00
WEST VIRGINIA (k) 13 2.21 4 0.68 1 0.17 0 0.00 14 2.38 0 0.00
AVERAGE 24.3 15.3 0.1 0.00 0.3 0.1
TOTAL 10,728 5,725 41 2 56 23
NOTE: This table reflects data from states based on the specific definitions for assault levels as defined by the respective states.
(a) Escapes from prison grounds.
26
(b) Alabama defines assaults as: the threat or use of force on another that causes the person to have a reasonable apprehension of
imminent harmful or offense contact; the act of putting another person in reasonable fear or apprehension of an immediate battery by
means of an act amounting to an attempt or threat to commit a battery. Reported Incidents include fights and assaults with and without
serious injury.
(c) Arkansas defines assault as any threat(s) to inflict injury upon another, directly or indirectly, verbally or in writing. Total number of
reported incidents are battery in which ADC defines - use of physical force (inmates or staff) & aggravated battery - use of a weapon in
battery upon another person (inmates or staff).
(d) Georgia defines inmate on inmate assault as any assault (injury or non-injury) in which the victim is willing to admit to being
assaulted. An inmate-on-staff assault is defined as intentionally causing harm to staff. Reported incident is defined as any usual event
that normally would not occur in the day-to-day operation of a facility or an event that has an unexpected outcome. Incident reports must
include names of persons involved.
(e) Kentucky defines Incident Report on an inmate as any major disciplinary action/conviction logged into its system: Inmate assault
disciplinary action for inmate causing injury to another inmate; Staff assault disciplinary action for inmate physical action toward a staff
member or non-inmate.
(f) Louisiana's information reported represents the following: Category A is defined as the most serious assault (attempted escapes and
deaths) resulting in "life threatening" injury was 1 in FY 16; Category B is defined as less serious and results in "significant injury"
requiring up to 6 weeks recovery and adds an additional 19 offender/offender and 6 offender/staff assaults in FY 16; and Category C is a
catch all of just about anything and adds a large number, (i.e. Category C fights (not fitting A or B and could be merely
bumping/tripping) adds an additional offender/offender assaults of 1,336 and when added with other Category C incidents adds up to
the 1,974. Category C offender/staff adds up to 669.
(g) Missouri defines a serious assault (including attempts and conspiracy) as: causing serious physical injury to another either with or
without a weapon, or through the use of any substance, instrument or device which can cause physical injury; causing a person to come
into contact with or throwing/projecting feces or body fluids (i.e. urine, blood, saliva, etc.); and subjecting an employee to physical
contact by kissing or touching the sexual parts.
(h) Oklahoma states that a reported incident is any occurrence that falls under a Section IX. A, B and C in OP-050108 entitled "Use of
Force Standards and Reportable Incidents."
(i) Texas data are for calendar year 2015. Texas defines assault as any physical altercation between staff or offenders that results in an
injury that requires treatment beyond first aid, as determined by medical staff, to any of the participants.
(j) Virginia defines a serious assault as one which results in a serious injury that requires urgent and immediate medical treatment and
restricts the offender's usual activity. Medical treatment should be more extensive than mere first aid, such as the application of bandages
to wounds. It might include stitches, settings of broken bones, treatment of concussion, loss of consciousness, etc.
(k) West Virginia reports that assaults result in serious injury. The state only tracks completed guilty findings of assaults of staff/inmates.
27
TABLE 15
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
Race and Sex Distribution (a) % Drug
Average Age Avg. Time # of State
Avg. Offenders of
at Served % % % % % % Drug
Sentence (Yrs.) State Inmate
Commitment (Yrs.) White Black Hispanic Other Male Female Offenders Pop.
STATE
ALABAMA 35.0 N/A 4.0 41.4 58.6 0.0 0.0 92.0 8.0 4,818 18.55%
ARKANSAS 33.0 8.6 4.6 54.1 42.2 3.0 0.7 92.0 8.0 3,192 18.21%
FLORIDA 34.7 4.6 3.6 47.5 48.1 4.1 0.4 93.1 6.9 14,671 14.80%
GEORGIA 34.8 3.8 3.6 35.0 60.9 3.7 0.5 93.0 7.0 6,314 11.60%
KENTUCKY 34.0 5.2 2.2 75.9 21.6 1.3 1.2 87.3 12.7 8,730 35.82%
LOUISIANA 33.0 6.0 2.0 32.2 67.4 0.1 0.3 94.0 6.0 8,153 21.90%
MISSISSIPPI 33.0 6.1 2.8 34.5 64.2 0.9 0.4 92.0 8.0 4,407 22.73%
MISSOURI 34.0 4.0 2.0 69.1 27.9 2.6 0.5 85.0 15.0 9,209 28.04%
NORTH CAROLINA 33.0 3.0 2.0 39.0 53.2 0.0 7.8 93.0 7.0 5,261 14.44%
OKLAHOMA 34.0 9.3 2.5 54.9 25.8 7.8 11.5 88.5 11.5 10,719 39.68%
SOUTH CAROLINA 34.0 4.0 3.0 35.9 61.0 2.2 1.0 93.0 7.0 3,351 15.76%
TENNESSEE 34.4 6.5 4.6 55.3 42.4 2.0 0.3 89.6 10.4 3,487 11.62%
TEXAS 34.6 6.9 4.1 32.6 33.5 33.4 0.5 91.5 8.5 23,639 16.08%
VIRGINIA 35.0 4.0 4.0 38.0 59.0 3.0 0.0 92.0 8.0 10,136 26.53%
WEST VIRGINIA N/A N/A N/A 86.9 11.9 0.2 1.0 90.0 10.0 814 11.58%
AVERAGE 34.0 5.5 3.2 48.8 45.2 4.3 1.7 91.1 8.9 116,901 18.92%
(a) Race and sex distribution percentages may not total 100% due to rounding.
28
TABLE 16
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES (Continued)
Inmates Number of Inmates Released from custody in FY 16 for:
admitted Inmates Inmates Inmates
who were Serving 20 Serving Serving Executions
Parole yrs. > Expiration Parole Goodtime Probation Death Other Total Life (a) Death
STATE Violators
ALABAMA 3,900 14,590 4,205 2,382 N/A 4,524 100 2,076 13,287 1,554 186 1
ARKANSAS (b) 5,443 7,315 707 8,996 N/A N/A 58 294 10,055 764 34 0
FLORIDA (c) N/A 31,521 19,843 23 N/A 5,050 360 6,681 31,957 4,058 388 2
GEORGIA (d) 2,298 12,908 7,511 8,932 N/A N/A 151 1,537 18,131 1,224 61 8
KENTUCKY (e) 4,987 4,997 354 6,635 3,502 1,422 49 6,075 18,037 806 32 0
LOUISIANA (f) 4,608 5,805 1,106 442 16,008 301 141 104 18,102 150 78 0
MISSISSIPPI (g) 1,514 701 3,676 N/A 1,634 51 1,074 7,136 1,573 47 0
MISSOURI (h) 6,133 7,582 1,552 11,156 N/A 5,039 108 43 17,898 1,766 26 3
NORTH CAROLINA (i) N/A 8,736 7,748 14,799 N/A N/A 117 1,211 23,875 1,550 150 0
OKLAHOMA (j) 79 6,371 3,255 428 N/A 6,509 115 315 10,622 888 46 0
SOUTH CAROLINA (k) 444 3,558 4,018 1,387 N/A 1,895 86 1,761 9,147 1,027 38 0
TENNESSEE (l) 1,884 1,807 5,142 3,734 N/A 3,758 95 1,264 13,993 1,936 64 0
TEXAS (m) 6,272 40,323 26,358 22,807 11,980 393 402 6,065 68,005 830 241 9
VIRGINIA (n) 93 6,545 N/A 382 1,159 10,986 96 27 12,650 1,296 7 1
WEST VIRGINIA (o) N/A N/A 841 1,966 N/A 51 23 379 3,260 344 0 0
TOTAL 37,655 152,058 83,341 87,745 32,649 41,562 1,952 28,906 276,155 19,766 1,398 24
(a) Life without the possibility of parole.

(b) Arkansas reports "Other" as Boot Camp Releases and Released to Interstate Compact.
(c) Florida reports "Other" as Conditional Releases, Executions and Other Release Mechanisms.
(d) Georgia reports "Other" as inmates released on reprieve. Note: Inmates that went to probation are included in those with expired sentences "serving" time expired
and those who went on parole (released on parole until their probation starts).
(e) Kentucky reports "Goodtime" as minimum expiration, admin release and supervision credits. "Other" includes active inmate release, commutation of sentence
and conditional release.
(f) Louisiana reports "Other" as conviction overturned, court ordered, and released to Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS).
(g) Mississippi reports "Goodtime" and "Other" as earned release supervision, house arrest, medical release, conditional release and undetermined.
(h) Missouri reports "Other" as interstate transfers, absconders, etc.
(i) North Carolina reports "Other" as release safekeeper, court order release, record close out, released in error, etc.
29
(j) Oklahoma reports "Other" as exits not from release, parole, probation or death.
(k) South Carolina reports "Other" as appeals, community supervision, remanded and resentenced.
(l) Tennessee reports 1,068 were released to community correction and an additional 196 not processed.
(m) Texas reports that "Goodtime" is calculated as inmates approved by the Board of Pardons and Paroles and released from prison to the supervision of the Parole
Division. Eligibility requires prison time plus good conduct time to equal the total sentence.
(n) Virginia reports "Other" as released by court order, pardon/commutation, death while in local jail custody and "other" release type.
(o) West Virginia reports "Other" as diagnostic releases, court order releases, escapes and Anthony Correctional Center for Young Adult Offenders successful and
unsuccessful completions.
30
PROJECTED COSTS OF NEW PRISONS
PROJECTED COST OF NEW PRISONS
Table 17 on page 32 provides data on the assumed projected construction costs for selected new medium security prisons in each SLC state if one were to be
built. Based on the survey data, the average size of a planned facility was 1,482 beds at an average total construction cost of $136.8 M. This equates to a
weighted average construction cost per bed of approximately $107,197. Oklahoma reported the highest projected construction cost per bed at $198,288, while
Mississippi reported the lowest projected construction cost per bed at $25,000.
Table 18 on page 33 captures the projected operating costs for selected new medium security prisons. The average maximum design capacity for the fifteen
SLC states was 1,482. Alabama reported the highest maximum design capacity of 3,900, while Louisiana reported the lowest maximum design capacity of 500.
The average number of positions (security and non-security) needed to operate a new medium security prison was 331. North Carolina reported the largest
number of positions needed to operation a new medium security prison at 518, while Louisiana reported the lowest at 171.
The average annual operating cost was estimated at $32.1 M with Texas reporting the highest estimated annual operating costs at $118.9 M, while Louisiana
reported the lowest at $9.5 M. The average operating cost per bed was $24,256 with Texas reporting the highest annual operating cost per bed at $118,878,
while South Carolina reported the lowest average operating cost at $9,719. Finally, the average number of inmates per security guard was 5.8.
31
TABLE 17
SELECTED NEW MEDIUM SECURITY PRISONS: PROJECTED CONSTRUCTION COSTS
Cost per Method of

Capacity Construction Design Supervision Contingencies Equipment Land Other Total Costs
Bed Financing
STATE
ALABAMA 3,900 $240,000,000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A $240,000,000 $61,538 N/A
ARKANSAS 1,000 $100,000,000 $5,000,000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A $105,000,000 $105,000 Bonds
FLORIDA 1,335 $53,519,779 $2,807,936 $0 $3,778,658 $3,740,912 $0 $21,754,596 $85,601,881 $64,121 N/A
GEORGIA 1,200 $140,000,000 $12,000,000 $2,000,000 $14,000,000 $2,000,000 $10,000,000 N/A $180,000,000 $150,000 Bonds
KENTUCKY 1,000 $105,000,000 $7,350,000 $250,000 $10,500,000 $2,500,000 $0 $0 $125,600,000 $125,600 Bonds
LOUISIANA 500 $24,579,076 $1,474,744 $174,526 $1,430,501 $2,667,144 $845,285 $0 $31,171,276 $62,343 Bonds
MISSISSIPPI 1,000 $25,000,000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A $25,000,000 $25,000 Bonds
MISSOURI 1,636 $124,199,900 $9,936,000 $3,726,000 $9,936,000 $11,178,000 N/A $4,657,500 $163,633,400 $100,020 Bonds
NORTH CAROLINA 1,512 $115,000,000 $13,000,000 N/A $3,460,000 N/A N/A $8,790,000 $140,250,000 $92,758 Bonds
OKLAHOMA 2,000 $396,576,000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A $396,576,000 $198,288 Bonds
SOUTH CAROLINA 1,500 $122,200,000 $12,900,000 $775,000 $11,510,000 $4,600,000 $1,650,000 $5,900,000 $159,535,000 $106,357 Bonds
TENNESSEE (a) 1,444 $223,100,000 $10,025,192 $8,501,375 $11,705,000 $6,612,500 $1,794,000 $18,261,933 $280,000,000 $193,906 Bonds
TEXAS 1,000 $74,100,000 $5,000,000 $9,200,000 $4,600,000 $5,900,000 $0 $700,000 $99,500,000 $99,500 Bonds
VIRGINIA 1,200 $108,300,000 $4,200,000 $8,575,000 $2,250,000 $23,100,000 N/A $1,800,000 $148,225,000 $123,521 Bonds
WEST VIRGINIA 2,000 $200,000,000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A $200,000,000 $100,000 Bonds
TOTAL 22,227 $2,051,574,755 $83,693,872 $33,201,901 $73,170,159 $62,298,556 $14,289,285 $61,864,029 $2,380,092,557
AVERAGE (b) 1,482 $273,543,301 $7,608,534 $4,150,238 $7,317,016 $6,922,062 $3,572,321 $8,837,718 $158,672,837 $107,197
(a) Tennessee reports "Other" as additional designer fees, surveys, site investigations/studies, etc.
(b) The SLC average excludes any state for which no data was reported.
32
TABLE 18
SELECTED NEW MEDIUM SECURITY PRISONS: PROJECTED OPERATING COSTS
(as July 1, 2016)
Number of Positions Inmates Per Annual Average

Maximum Design
Corrections Operating Operating Cost
Capacity
Security Non-Security Total Officer (a) Cost Per Bed
STATE
ALABAMA 3,900 420 80 500 9.3 $50,000,000 $12,821

ARKANSAS 1,000 220 28 248 4.5 $20,000,000 $20,000
FLORIDA 1,335 203 39 242 6.6 $26,064,640 $19,524
GEORGIA 1,200 170 64 234 7.1 $16,284,047 $13,570
KENTUCKY 1,000 180 70 250 5.6 $16,000,000 $16,000

LOUISIANA 500 138 33 171 3.6 $9,477,225 $18,954
MISSISSIPPI 1,000 167 53 220 6.0 $12,000,000 $12,000
MISSOURI 1,636 302 204 506 5.4 $36,114,675 $22,075
NORTH CAROLINA 1,521 435 83 518 3.5 $27,753,886 $18,247

OKLAHOMA 2,000 240 109 349 8.3 $27,816,075 $13,908
SOUTH CAROLINA 1,500 289 97 386 5.2 $14,579,206 $9,719
TENNESSEE 1,444 288 154 442 5.0 $38,000,000 $26,316
TEXAS 1,000 190 81 271 5.3 $118,877,800 $118,878

VIRGINIA 1,200 213 90 303 5.6 $23,200,000 $19,333
WEST VIRGINIA 2,000 N/A N/A N/A N/A $45,000,000 $22,500
AVERAGE (b) 1,482 247 85 331 5.8 $32,077,837 $24,256
(a) Assumes 100% staffing

(b) The SLC average excludes any state for which no data was reported.
33
PROBATION AND PAROLE
PROBATION AND PAROLE
Table 19 on page 35 provides data on the probation and parole (P&P) population that totaled 1,314,476, comprised of probationers and parolees throughout
the SLC. Texas reported the highest number of P&P offenders at 347,006, comprised of 260,524 probationers and 86,482 parolees. In contrast, West Virginia
reported the lowest number of P&P offenders at 3,293, comprised of 1,076 probationers and 2,217 parolees. The total number of agents reported was 15,026
throughout the SLC. Texas reported the highest number of agents at 4,611, while West Virginia reported the lowest number of agents at 67. Chart 7 on page 37
reflects the caseload per probation/parole agent with Alabama reporting the highest caseload per agent at 196, while South Carolina reported the lowest
caseload at 51. The SLC average caseload was 98.
Table 20 on page 38 captures data for state inmates, probationers and parolees per 100,000 population. As of July 1, 2016, the SLC average number of state
inmates per 100,000 population was 511.6 with Louisiana ranking the highest at 795.2 and North Carolina the lowest at 359. The SLC average of probationers
and parolees per 100,000 population was 1,088 with Georgia ranking the highest at 2,173 and West Virginia the lowest at 180. The SLC average for total
number of inmates, probationers and parolees per 100,000 population was 1,600 with Georgia ranking the highest at 2,701 and West Virginia the lowest at 564.
Table 21 on page 39 provides data on probation and parole funding. The total funding for probation and parole across the SLC was $1.66 B, while the average
funding per state was $111 M. A ranking of expenditure per offender is provided for the SLC states, where 1 denotes the state (West Virginia) with the highest
expenditure per offender at $2,188, while 15 denotes the state (Mississippi) with the lowest expenditure per offender at $667.
34
TABLE 19
PROBATION AND PAROLE POPULATION
Number of Offenders
Total Number of Offenders Caseload Per
Offenders Agents Per Agent Agent
Probationers Parolees
STATE
ALABAMA (a) 42,178 8,568 50,746 259 196 196.0
ARKANSAS (a) 31,167 23,518 54,685 415 132 132.0
FLORIDA (b) 136,956 5,620 142,576 2,067 69 89.8
GEORGIA (a)(c) N/A N/A 224,069 1,167 192 N/A
KENTUCKY 32,039 13,378 45,417 595 76 77.0
LOUISIANA 41,054 30,401 71,455 510 140 140.0
MISSISSIPPI (d) 27,750 7,312 35,062 236 137 137.0
MISSOURI 42,420 16,212 58,632 1,064 55 182.0
NORTH CAROLINA 87,183 13,434 100,617 1,876 54 60.0
OKLAHOMA 24,316 2,639 26,955 249 108 108.0
SOUTH CAROLINA (a)(e) 25,011 2,030 27,041 439 62 51
TENNESSEE (f) 58,302 12,676 70,978 715 99 110.0
TEXAS (g) 260,524 86,482 347,006 4,611 75 56.9
VIRGINIA (h) 54,343 1,601 55,944 756 74 70.0
WEST VIRGINIA (i) 1,076 2,217 3,293 67 49 54.0
TOTAL /AVERAGE 864,319 226,088 1,314,476 15,026 1,518 98
(a) Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia and South Carolina - probation and parole services are provided by a separate agency.
(b) Florida reports the caseload per agent are: 21.6 per agent for Community Control, 33 per agent for Sex Offender/Post-prison, 43.5 per
agent for Drug Offender/Probation, 258 per agent for Pretrial Intervention and 92.7 per agent for Probation.
(c) Georgia Department of Community Supervision was within its first full year of operation in FY 16, and as a new agency, merged
supervision responsibilities previously undertaken by other state agencies. Georgia reported only the total number who are under
community supervision. Data was not available to calculate a caseload. Georgia indicated the data will be available for FY 17 reporting.
(d) Mississippi reports that the electronic monitoring caseload size averages 55 offenders.
35
(e) South Carolina (SC) reports the number of agents are 375 for probation and 64 for parole = 439. Average caseload is 77 for probation
and 25 max for parole. Other is not included, but the number is 1,702. While the majority of parole functions is handled by the SC
Probation, Parole and Pardon Service, the SC Department of Corrections does provide a parole function (Intensive Supervision Services)
for young adult offenders convicted between the ages of 17 and 25 that have been sentenced under the Youthful Offender Act.
(f) Tennessee reports the number of cases per agent range from 100 to 120.
(g) Texas average caseload per agent of 56.9 represents 107.4 average regular caseload size for probation supervision, 75 average caseload
for non-intensive (regular & specialized), 25 average caseload for intensive electronic monitoring, and 20 average caseload for super-
intensive. Adult probation offenders are supervised by 123 local Community Supervision and Correction Departments (CSCDs). The
Community Justice Assistance Division (CJAD) of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice is responsible for the oversight of community
supervision and corrections departments in Texas. CJAD supports and assists the 123 CSCDs, which provide community supervision of
adult offenders in 254 counties.
(h) Virginia's caseload per agent of 70 represents an average of generic (80-100), sex offender (40-60) and gang (60-80).
(i) West Virginia (WV) provides parole supervision; however, the WV Supreme Court of Appeals is responsible for adult supervision for
probationers. WV Department of Corrections is only responsible for interstate compact cases for out of state probationers.
36
CHART 7
CASELOAD PER PROBATION/PAROLE AGENT
250.0 !
200.0 !
150.0 !
100.0 !
50.0 !
- !
SC! WV! TX! NC! VA ! KY! FL! SLC AVG! OK! TN! AR! MS! LA! MO! AL!
Note: Georgia is N/A
37
TABLE 20
TOTAL STATE INMATES, PROBATIONERS, AND PAROLEES PER 100,000 POPULATION
State Probationers Total

Rank Total Rank Rank
Total State Inmates & Parolees Inmates, Per 100,000
in Probationers in in
Inmates Per 100,000 Per 100,000 Probationers Population
SLC & Parolees SLC SLC
Population Population & Parolees
STATE
ALABAMA 25,970 534.0 7 50,746 1,043 7 76,716 1,577 5

ARKANSAS 17,528 586.6 4 54,685 1,830 2 72,213 2,417 2
FLORIDA 99,119 480.9 10 142,576 692 11 241,695 1,173 12
GEORGIA 54,453 528.1 8 224,069 2,173 1 278,522 2,701 1
KENTUCKY 24,371 549.3 5 45,417 1,024 8 69,788 1,573 7

LOUISIANA 37,230 795.2 1 71,455 1,526 3 108,685 2,322 3
MISSISSIPPI 19,389 648.7 3 35,062 1,173 5 54,451 1,822 6
MISSOURI 32,837 538.9 6 58,632 962 10 91,469 1,501 9
NORTH CAROLINA 36,429 359.0 15 100,617 992 9 137,046 1,351 11

OKLAHOMA 27,011 688.4 2 26,955 687 12 53,966 1,375 10
SOUTH CAROLINA 21,259 428.5 13 27,041 545 14 48,300 974 14
TENNESSEE 30,010 451.2 12 70,978 1,067 6 100,988 1,518 8
TEXAS 146,985 527.5 9 347,006 1,245 4 493,991 1,773 4

VIRGINIA 38,210 454.2 11 55,944 665 13 94,154 1,119 13
WEST VIRGINIA 7,031 384.0 14 3,293 180 15 10,324 564 15
TOTAL 617,832 511.6 1,314,476 1,088 1,932,308 1,600
38
TABLE 21
PROBATION AND PAROLE FUNDING
Supervision Expenditures Per

State Funds Other Funds Total SLC Rank
Fees Offender
STATE
ALABAMA $38,761,793 $12,359,226 $998,091 $52,119,110 $1,027 10

ARKANSAS $37,357,185 $12,795,849 N/A $50,153,034 $917 11
FLORIDA $206,532,165 N/A N/A $206,532,165 $1,449 7
GEORGIA $175,217,801 N/A $4,422,914 $179,640,715 $802 14
KENTUCKY $51,121,631 $589,774 $183,137 $51,894,542 $1,143 8

LOUISIANA $46,839,584 $18,480,105 $54,000 $65,373,689 $915 12
MISSISSIPPI $9,469,946 $13,908,000 N/A $23,377,946 $667 15
MISSOURI (a) $82,246,130 $11,569,312 N/A $93,815,442 $1,600 4
NORTH CAROLINA $190,364,231 N/A N/A $190,364,231 $1,892 3

OKLAHOMA $25,838,738 $3,983,255 N/A $29,821,993 $1,106 9
SOUTH CAROLINA (b) $25,719,976 N/A $33,082,628 $58,802,604 $2,175 2
TENNESSEE $62,892,500 $557,700 $511,800 $63,962,000 $901 13
TEXAS (c) $501,801,117 $7,278,233 $0 $509,079,350 $1,467 6

VIRGINIA $80,123,887 $0 $2,001,414 $82,125,301 $1,468 5
WEST VIRGINIA $5,145,478 $2,059,478 $0 $7,204,956 $2,188 1
AVERAGE $110,951,139
TOTAL $1,539,432,162 $83,580,932 $41,253,984 $1,664,267,078 $19,716
(a) Missouri reports that the collection of supervision fees has decreased drastically in past years, so funds are internally restricted and
cannot be spent. The actual expenditures in FY 16 were $6.4 M.
(b) South Carolina's probation and parole services are provided by a separate agency. The supervision fees are included in "Other Funds"
$32,647,831 and federal funds $434,797.
(c) Texas reports that the probation fees (estimated to be $134.4 M for FY16) make up a portion of the probation department budget
authority although are not received by the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ). Based on a statewide average, approximately 67%
of community supervision and corrections departments' budget is state funded and allocated by TDCJ. Other funds such as the court-
ordered supervision fees meet the community supervision and corrections departments' remaining budget needs. County governments
provide community supervision and corrections departments' with facilities, equipment and utilities.
39
REHABILITATION
REHABILITATION
Table 22 on page 41 provides data on inmate rehabilitation that includes adult basic education, literacy programs, vocational education, religious guidance,
and on-the-job training by each SLC state. Fourteen states reported that they have Adult Basic Education and/or Literacy programs and provide some form
of Vocational Education to inmates within their system.
The number of inmates receiving a General Educational Development (GED) certificate (or equivalent i.e. Hi-Set) ranged from 42 in Mississippi to 5,158 in
Texas, while the percentage of inmates in state facilities receiving a GED ranged from 0.24% in Mississippi to 20.17% in Arkansas. On average, across the SLC,
3.76% of the budget was allocated to rehabilitation programs.
40
TABLE 22
INMATE REHABILITATION
Average Monthly Enrollment Number % of Budget

% of Inmates
Receiving Allocated to
(state facilities)
GED Rehab
Adult Basic Literacy Vocational Religious On-The-Job Receiving GED
FY16 Programs
STATE Education Programs Education Guidance Training
ALABAMA 38 64 10 31 0 199 0.00% 0.82%

ARKANSAS 310 N/A 325 1,275 31 3,233 2.40% 20.17%
FLORIDA 553 582 443 3,501 169 1,312 2.72% 1.32%
GEORGIA 2,566 831 1,300 47,676 2,211 1,224 1.18% 2.27%
KENTUCKY 4,600 1,027 113 N/A 4,181 476 2.00% 3.76%
LOUISIANA 1,816 282 1,272 136 16,963 616 1.10% 3.15%
MISSISSIPPI (a) 383 58 356 16,530 N/A 42 N/A 0.24%
MISSOURI 5,197 1,661 328 32,523 1,380 1,444 4.56% 4.40%
NORTH CAROLINA (b) 503 N/A 639 140 N/A 1,515 N/A 4.16%
OKLAHOMA 657 552 390 8,246 0 1,070 0.90% 4.02%
SOUTH CAROLINA 1,532 375 636 6,497 N/A 192 1.80% 0.92%
TENNESSEE 2,132 150 1,607 9,400 N/A 500 3.65% 2.40%
TEXAS (c) 18,632 16,323 2,885 481,518 3,002 5,158 3.30% 3.51%
VIRGINIA 2,649 2,110 3,077 12,347 454 1,267 N/A 4.20%
WEST VIRGINIA N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 66 N/A 1.12%
AVERAGE (d) 1,221 3.76%
TOTAL 41,568 24,015 13,381 619,820 28,391 19,535
(a) Mississippi information for "On-the-Job Training" includes state and private facilities.
(b) North Carolina's literacy program enrollment is included in the adult basic education enrollment figure of 503.
(c) Texas reports that 63,440 inmates completed an academic, vocational, or literacy program during 2016.
(d) The SLC average excludes any state for which no data was reported.
41
PRISON INDUSTRIES
PRISON INDUSTRIES
Table 23 on pages 43-45 provides data on the various prison industries operated by the SLC states. All fifteen states reported maintaining a prison industries
program. Total sales in all product lines reported by corrections departments were approximately $527.1 M, while the total net profit generated was
approximately $27.1 M. The operations employed 36,722 inmates, who worked an average of 7.1 hours per day. Table 23 includes whether states have a state
use law requiring state agencies to purchase from prison industries.
42
TABLE 23
FY 16 PRISON INDUSTRIES
State Use Law

# Inmates Inmate Pay Hrs / Day /
STATE Total Sales Net Profit Largest Product Lines Gross Sales
Employed Per Hour Inmate Yes No
ALABAMA $15,599,152 $1,987,064 N/A $0.50 7.0 X

Tag $4,593,916
Clothing $1,844,668
Modular $1,720,756
Janitorial $1,184,771
Print $1,065,330
ARKANSAS $8,196,435 $1,766,932 500 $0.00 N/A X

Bus Factory $2,625,347
Garment Factory $1,816,988
Janitorial Plant $1,181,113
Eco Products $797,489
Furniture Factory $789,155
FLORIDA $75,639,406 $5,154,878 3,380 $0.22-$0.57 N/A X
Agency reports Speciality Manufacturing $22,613,818
a total of Graphics and Digital $14,855,133
3,737,857 hrs Services $14,093,887
Agriculture $9,034,724
Sewn Products $8,582,896
GEORGIA $36,315,549 $4,571,383 225 $0 8.0 X

Signs $5,037,713
Metal $4,629,372
Print $3,280,008
Chemical $2,984,389
Optics $2,780,396
KENTUCKY $9,938,298 $271,202 627 $0.65 7.0 X
Furniture/Wood $2,011,314
Tags $1,748,250
Print $1,656,567
Inmate Clothing $1,288,546
Janitorial Products $922,807
43
TABLE 23
State Use Law

LOUISIANA $18,160,398 $1,041,177 794 $0.20 8.0 X

Canteen Sales $9,982,930
Garments $2,524,587
License Plates $1,960,073
Cleaning Supplies $1,054,839
Mattresses, Brooms & Mops $717,896
MISSISSIPPI $6,217,757 ($1,849,412) 233 $0.38 7.0 X

Metal Products * N/A
Garments * N/A
Fiberglass * N/A
* Mississippi reports that gross sales information was not available.
MISSOURI $29,173,224 $866,281 16,560 $0.50 8.0 X
Clothing $5,273,127
Consumables $5,211,822
Furniture $5,054,309
Laundry $4,637,987
NORTH CAROLINA $94,902,269 $2,370,250 4,613 $0.26 8.0 X

Meat $16,700,000
Textiles $16,184,000
Laundry $9,216,000
Janitorial $6,663,000
Cannery $5,702,000
OKLAHOMA $15,466,854 $1,111,546 1,263 $0.88 7.0 $15,466,855 X

Garments $1,928,003
Tags $1,653,378
Metal Fab $1,032,724
Modulars $881,142
44
TABLE 23
State Use Law

SOUTH CAROLINA $18,977,214 $133,945 1,259 $0.73-$7.89 6.7 - 7.53 X

Printing $1,674,418
Apparel $1,565,292
Modular Furniture/Seating $867,737
Retread $703,777
Wood Products $554,930
TENNESSEE $48,864,108 $3,164,283 1,103 $2.69 5.0 X
Food Products $23,832,996
Prison Industry Enhancement $8,137,660
Textiles $5,445,841
Agriculture $2,330,662
TEXAS $88,600,000 $3,300,000 4,713 $0.00 N/A $88,600,000 X
Garments $23,800,000
Metal $17,900,000
Graphics $9,000,000
VIRGINIA $53,467,108 $2,760,932 1,207 $0.70 6.0 X

Wood Furniture $16,718,218
Clothing $7,533,342
License Tags $7,122,431
Office Systems $5,725,248
Metal $5,487,019
WEST VIRGINIA $7,540,417 $428,173 245 $0.75 7.0 X

Printing $1,697,050
Inmate Clothing $892,147
Seating $584,767
Furniture $528,460
TOTAL $527,058,189 $27,078,634 36,722 $0.81 7.1
45
PRIVATIZATION
PRIVATIZATION
Table 24 on pages 47-49 provides data on the different types of privatized services that were provided by the SLC states in FY 16. Privatization of services
includes, but is not limited to, the following: (1) Medical & Drug Treatment Services; (2) Halfway Houses, Community Rehabilitation Centers, and Work
Release Centers; (3) Food Services; and (4) Management of Prison Facilities. The total value of the privatized services reported was $2.161 B for 492,218
inmates with an average cost of $41.07 per offender per day.
46
TABLE 24
FY 16 PRIVATIZATION OF SERVICES
Private Facilities
Annual Value of Number of
Types of Services Cost Per Day Per % of state
Services Inmates/Beds
Offender inmates
STATE
ALABAMA
Inmate Health Services $104,600,000 23,759
Contract Beds $4,800,000 380
ARKANSAS
Medical Services $60,604,598 16,218
FLORIDA
Private Prisons $160,571,794 10,156
Health Services $278,672,974 89,012
Work Release/Transition $27,257,414 2,294
GEORGIA $48.76 15%

Health: Physical, Mental, Dental, etc. $197,401,798 42,781
Private Prisons $135,389,910 7,908
Food Service - (Hays & Phillips) $2,274,556 2,073
KENTUCKY
Halfway House Beds (includes Recovery) $25,776,356 2,192 *
Dental $2,094,867 11,953
Pharmacy $10,460,021 11,953
Electronic Medial Records $662,503 11,953
* Includes non-felons and inmates
LOUISIANA
Allen CC - GEO Group $18,102,265 1,565 $31.60
Winn CC - Lasalle Corrections $17,021,089 1,438 $32.34
47
TABLE 24
Private Facilities
Number of
Annual Value of
STATE Types of Services Inmates / Cost Per Day Per % of state
Services
Beds Offender inmates
MISSISSIPPI
Private Prison Facilities $72,349,729 3,889 $48.80 20.47%
Regional Facilities $42,140,385 3,783
MISSOURI
Medical (Corizon) $145,946,981 32,837
Substance Abuse Services $5,584,245 7,635
Education Services $898,515 4,487
NORTH CAROLINA
No services provided by private sector.
OKLAHOMA
Halfway House $21,398,595 1,381 * $15,495
Private Prison (Medium) $83,257,888 5,299 * $15,712
Private Prison (Maximum) $12,626,124 591 * $21,364
* This number represents the Annual Cost as reported by the state.
SOUTH CAROLINA
TENNESSEE
Facility Operations $109,542,600 6,318
Medical $93,470,800 20,702
Food Service $23,800,600 14,381
Mental Health $11,432,400 14,381
48
TABLE 24
Private Facilities
Number of
Annual Value of
STATE Types of Services Inmates / Cost Per Day Per % of state
Services
Beds Offender inmates
TEXAS
Halfway Houses $26,817,689 2,072 * $35.46
Substance Abuse $31,520,473 1,778 * $48.57
(includes residential and relapse beds)
Correctional Centers $0 4,118 *
Lockhart Work Program $0 500 *
Private State Jails-Confinee * $31.99
$84.1 M 5,129
Private State Jails-Transfer * $30.56
Pre-Parole Transfer $3,528,090 200 * $48.33
Intermediate Sanction Facilities $35,559,249 2,545 * $38.28
Contracted SAFP $4,752,300 280 * $46.50
Driving While Intoxicated Facility $11,179,950 1,000 * $30.63
* Texas reports average weighted per diems.
VIRGINIA
Pharmacy $88,000,000 15,100
Third Party Administration $68,300,000 30,840
Correctional Center (1) $23,600,000 1,570 $41.26 5.00%
Food Operations $2,900,000 2,360
Commissary $2,500,000 29,300
Renal Dialysis $1,800,000 60
WEST VIRGINIA
TOTAL $2,161,044,046 492,218 $41.07
49
STATE PROFILES
STATE PROFILES
The questionnaire data was instrumental in compiling the Corrections State Profile for each state. These profiles include inmate demographics, the most
frequently committed crimes, HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis C, court order requirements, and state initiatives for 2016 such as The Elderly and Infirmed
Population in the Corrections System, Prison Based Substance Abuse Treatment Programs, and Pre-Release/Post-Release (Reentry) Programs.
50
ALABAMA PROFILE
ALABAMA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
PROFILE QUESTION STATE RESPONSE
Average Age at Commitment: 35 years

Total Number of Inmates 50 Years or Older: 1,289 inmates
Average Sentence for New Commitments (excluding life sentences): N/A years
Average Time Served by Those Released: 4.0 years
The Three (3) Most Frequently Committed Crimes for Which Inmates
are Currently Serving Time:
A. Personal
B. Property
C. Drug
Race and Sex Distribution:
Percentage White 41.40%
Percentage Black 58.60%
Percentage Hispanic 0.00%
Percentage Other 0.00%
Percentage Male 92.00%
Percentage Female 8.00%
Number of Inmates Serving Life: 3,796 inmates
Number of Inmates Serving Life (Without Parole): 1,554 inmates
New Commitments to Life Sentences: 211 inmates
Percentage of Inmates that Are Considered to Have Mental
and/or Emotional Health Conditions: 15.0%
Inmates Serving Death Sentences: 186 inmates
Inmates Executed in FY 16: 1 inmate
Inmates Serving Twenty (20) Years or More: 14,590 inmates

Inmates that Have Already Served Twenty (20) Years of Their Current Sentences: 3,056 inmates
Southern Legislative Conference
COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS 51 LA Legislative Fiscal Office
Inmates Admitted Who Were Parole Violators: 3,900 inmates
Number of Technical Parole Violators: 415 inmates
Number of New Crime Parole Violators: N/A inmates
Inmates Released from Custody in FY 16 for the Following:
Expiration of Sentence 4,205 inmates
Parole 2,382 inmates
Goodtime 0 inmates
Probation 4,524 inmates
Death 100 inmates
Other (transfer, court order, bond/appeal) 2,076 inmates
Total 13,287 inmates
Method by Which "Goodtime" is Calculated: N/A
Is Medical-Early or Compassionate Release Allowed: Yes
The Alabama Medical Furlough Act became a law on September 1, 2008 and provides the Commissioner of DOC discretionary authority to grant medical
furlough for terminally ill, permanently incapacitated, and geriatric inmates who suffer from a chronic infirmity, illness, or disease related to aging, and who do
not constitute a danger to themselves or society.
Number of Inmates Released in FY 16 Based on the Above: 4 inmates
Inmates Between the Ages of 17 and 20: 474 inmates
Recidivism Rate for Total Population Base 3 Years After Release: 30.9%
Number of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Cases: 61 inmates
Number of Inmates Tested for Human Immunodeficient Virus (HIV) Antibodies: 23,231 inmates
HIV Testing of Inmates by Category:
Admission Yes
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A
Systems Frequency of Testing: Intake/Exit
Inmates Testing Positive for HIV Antibodies: 60 inmates
Alabama currently does not segregate or isolate AIDS/HIV inmates.
Number of Known Hepatitis C Cases: 2,574 inmates

Number of Inmates Being Treated for Hepatitis C: 12 inmates
Hepatitis C Testing of Inmates by Category:

Admission N/A
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group Yes
Systems Frequency of Testing: As needed
Alabama currently does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates.
COURT ORDER REQUIREMENTS
The Alabama Department of Corrections (ADOC) is currently under federal and state court orders for the year ending June
30, 2016. The state has been under state court order since 1999. The court order requirements include: removal of state
inmates from county jails, address sexual safety for females at Tutwiler Prison for Women and address ADA compliance
statewide.

STATE INITIATIVES
Summary on Addressing the Issue of Increasing Number of Elderly and Infirmed Inmates
ADOC operates a 300-bed facility for aged and infirmed inmates. The ADOC has a Medical Furlough Program. The
Alabama Medical Furlough Act became law on September 1, 2008. This act provides the Commissioner of the Department
of Corrections discretionary authority to grant medical furloughs for terminally ill, permanently incapacitated, and geriatric
inmates who suffer from a chronic infirmity, illness, or disease related to aging, and who do not constitute a danger to
themselves or society. Compassionate release recommendations are submitted to the parole board on a case by case basis.
Number of elderly and/or infirmed inmates: N/A
Number of state operated special needs facilities: 1
Total cost to house elderly or infirmed inmates: N/A ($ state funds)
Total cost to house elderly or infirmed inmates: N/A ($ non-state funds)
Total medical expenditures for all state inmates: N/A ($ state funds)
Total medical expenditures for all state inmates: N/A ($ non-state funds)
Summary of Prison-based Substance Abuse Treatment Programs

Seven drug treatment units are operated in various ADOC prisons with available space that can be dedicated as residential
treatment dorms for inmates in this program. The six-month program curriculum is divided into three phases of treatment
that are two months each. An inmate can still complete the program if they are transferred to a lower custody facility
during the six-month Residential Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT) program. The most successful treatment elements of
the state's eight-week programs and its twelve-month Therapeutic Program are utilized within the six-month RSAT
program. In the first phase, the inmates take part in full-time treatment activities aimed at dealing with denial of addiction,
recognition of drug abuse consequences, understanding of the addiction cycle, and a thorough understanding of the
recovery cycle. The second phase introduces half-day sessions on recovery issues closely related to substance abuse such as
anger management, character defects, criminal thinking, relationships, and poor coping skills/habit development. The third
phase deals strongly with relapse prevention and aftercare planning while working to develop positive job skills/habits.
This will prepare inmates for daily aftercare activities while functioning in a normal living and work environment. Inmates
are drug tested on an approximate bi-monthly or random schedule as determined by the Director of Treatment. The tests
are conducted by certified drug testing correctional officers. On-site drug testing laboratories are currently operational in 11
ADOC locations around the state and all screened positives are sent to an outside laboratory for confirmation testing. The
long-term benefits of reducing parole failures and recidivism are obviously a reduction in over-crowding within the
Department of Corrections, and a reduction in the state operating funds necessary for incarceration. This also has the
added advantage of reducing the number of victims of crime.

STATE INITIATIVES
Summary of Prison-based Substance Abuse Treatment Programs (continued)
Number of inmates enrolled in a prison-based substance abuse treatment program: 2,760

Number of state operated facilities with prison-based substance abuse treatment programs: 7
Percentage of state facilities with prison-based substance abuse treatment programs: 25%
Total cost for prison-based substance programs: N/A ($ state funds)
Total cost for prison-based substance programs: N/A ($ non-state funds)
Summary of Pre-Release and/or Post-Release (Reentry) Programs

ADOC has Pre-Release/Re-Entry programming at each facility and a specialized program at its largest medium custody
facility (Limestone CF). All of its drug treatment, mental health, co-occurring, psycho-social, religious, industry,
educational, vocation, and other specialized programs provide tools to the inmates to aid in their successful reentry journey.
Funding is provided by agency general funds for the most part, including salary, benefits, materials, and equipment. The
exception being state/federal funding for certain drug programs. Performance standards are being developed at this time.
Previous year performance is not deemed appropriate for citation. True validation with research methodology techniques
will be the performance standard basis for the future. Validation studies will also be implemented. ADOC provides support
for job placement, place to live, method of receiving additional treatment processes are handled through the referral process
to community resources during the programming, including vocational rehabilitation. The only exception is the ADOC
Supervised Re-Entry Program (SRP), which actively assists in this endeavor. Based on passage of legislation which became
effective this calendar year, the SRP is being dismantled and its previous activity is being handled by the Alabama Pardon
and Parole Board. Follow-up appointments for mental health inmates, and certain medical conditions are handled through
the ADOC Office of Health Services, and one months supply of medicine, if applicable, is provided in order to eliminate
breaks in the continuity of care.
Number of inmates enrolled in a pre-released program: 3,282
Number of individuals enrolled in a post-release program: N/A
Number of state operated facilities with pre-release programs: 28
Percentage of state facilities with pre-release programs: 100% (DOC facilities)
Total cost for pre-release programs: N/A ($ state funds)
Total cost for pre-release programs: N/A ($ non-state funds)
Total cost for post-release programs: N/A ($ state funds)
Total cost for post-release programs: N/A ($ non-state funds)

ARKANSAS PROFILE
ARKANSAS CORRECTIONS PROFILE
Average Age at Commitment: 33 years

Average Sentence for New Commitments (excluding life sentences): 8.6 years

A. Rape
B. Aggravated Robbery
C. First Degree Murder
Number of Inmates Serving Life: 764 inmates
Number of Inmates Serving Life (Without Parole): 593 inmates
Inmates Executed in FY 16: 0 inmates


Number of Technical Parole Violators: 1,786 inmates
Number of New Crime Parole Violators: 3,657 inmates
Expiration of Sentence 707 inmates
Goodtime N/A
Death 100 inmates
Other (transfer, court order, bond/appeal) 2,076 inmates
Admission Yes
Random N/A
Incident Yes - as indicated
High Risk Group Yes
Systems Frequency of Testing: Intake, by
request and as
indicated
ARKANSAS currently does not segregate or isolate AIDS/HIV inmates.



Admission By risk assessment
Random N/A
Incident By risk assessment
High Risk Group By risk assessment
Systems Frequency of Testing: By risk assessment
ARKANSAS currently does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates.
The ARKANSAS Department of Corrections (ADOC) is not currently under federal or state court orders.

STATE INITIATIVES
Arkansas does not house elderly male inmates based upon their age any differently than all other inmates. Some elderly
male inmates require housing in medical barracks; however, that is not based upon their age, but upon their health. There
is legislation that allows for early release based upon medical reasons that cannot be addressed within the Department, but
again, age is not a determinative factor. A Special Needs Unit was constructed at the Ouachita Unit in Malvern, Arkansas,
which expanded the number of available beds for all male inmates with medical and mental health related issues,
regardless of age. There has also been a Special Needs Unit constructed at the female facility in Newport, Arkansas as well.
*Note: The Arkansas Department of Corrections has two facilities that have special needs barracks within the facilities,
these represent state operated special needs facilities
Number of elderly and/or infirmed inmates: 1,863
Number of state operated special needs facilities: See Note *
Total medical expenditures for all state inmates: $60,604,598 ($ state funds)
Total medical expenditures for all state inmates: $0 ($ non-state funds)

ADOC provides alcohol and drug treatment services under licensure from the Department of Behavioral Health Services
(DBHS). Substance Abuse Treatment Programming (SATP) including Therapeutic Community expenditures for FY 16 were
$774,652. The SATP programs are a minimum of six months residential treatment with a total of 563 beds at six units and
are funded by general state revenues. The ADOC also operates a nine- to twelve-month Therapeutic Community with a
total of 224 beds at three units. Both male and female inmates have programs available for both modalities. Positions in all
programs are financed as state positions using general state revenue funds. Programs are evaluated daily through clinical
supervision, use cognitive behavioral therapies and are audited by DBHS.
Number of inmates enrolled in a prison-based substance abuse treatment program: 818
Total cost for prison-based substance programs: $774,652 ($ state funds)
Total cost for prison-based substance programs: $0 ($ non-state funds)

STATE INITIATIVES

Arkansas has a private program, Pathway to Freedom, modeled after InnerChange Freedom Initiative (IFI) that was
operated by Prison Fellowship for several years but was cut in Arkansas due to funding. Currently, Pathway to Freedom is
available for male inmates and the state has a program available for the female inmates called Advanced Principal
Application for Life (APAL). All are voluntary, Faith-based pre-release programs that promote transformation from the
inside out. Arkansas also has a Community Based Re-entry Initiative Program that provides the necessary tools to assist
inmates to successfully re-enter society, reduce the rate of recidivism, and ultimately reduce the costs to tax payers.
ADC has also set up Reentry Barracks at all units excluding work release, to house inmates nearing their Transfer Eligible
or flat date and offer programming geared to help prepare them for reentry. The Arkansas Department of Corrections is
utilizing Reentry Accountability Coaches who track the development of inmates in key areas throughout their
incarceration. The Reentry Accountability Coaches are also providing the inmates a copy of their final Report
Card/Development Rubric and Program Achievements.
During FY 16 ADC opened its first Re-entry facility, the Barbara Ester Unit. The Ester Unit for males and the Tucker Re-
Entry Unit for females are designed to offer targeted programming for inmates who are at medium to maximum risk for
recidivism. The Ester Unit programs include Preparing for Success which incorporates the National Institute of
Corrections' evidence-based Thinking for a Change curriculum as well as Advanced PAL.
Number of inmates enrolled in a pre-released program: 163

Percentage of state facilities with pre-release programs: 81%

FLORIDA PROFILE
FLORIDA CORRECTIONS PROFILE

Average Age at Commitment: 34.7 years
A. Robbery with Weapon
B. Burglary, Dwelling
C. Capital Murder
New Commitments to Life Sentences: 499(life) 6(death) inmates

Inmates Admitted Who Were Parole Violators: N/A

Number of Technical Parole Violators: N/A
Number of New Crime Parole Violators: N/A
Parole 23 inmates
Goodtime N/A
Death 360 inmates
Other (Conditional Releases, Executions and Other Mechanisms) 6,681 inmates
Inmates Between the Ages of 17 and 20: 2,088 inmates
Number of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Cases: N/A
Number of Inmates Tested for Human Immunodeficient Virus (HIV) Antibodies: N/A
Admission N/A
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A
Systems Frequency of Testing: N/A
Inmates Testing Positive for HIV Antibodies: N/A
FLORIDA did not provide information regarding the segregation or isolation of AIDS/HIV inmates.

Number of Known Hepatitis C Cases: N/A

Number of Inmates Being Treated for Hepatitis C: N/A

Admission N/A
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A

The FLORIDA Department of Corrections is currently under two federal court orders. First, there will be no non-
spontaneous use of chemical agents on inmates M.M. and J.T. (deceased), without first consulting with mental health staff.
A copy of the notice to be in inmate M.M.'s file regarding use of chemical agents. Non-spontaneous use of chemical agents
on inmate M.M. must be video-taped. If inmate M.M. is transferred back to Florida State Prison in close management (CM)
status, a notice will be filed with the court within 15 days and to the Plaintiff's counsel. For one year after, a notice must be
filed with the court within 15 days of non-spontaneous use of chemical agents. Second, the Department is to provide a
Kosher diet to inmates.

STATE INITIATIVES
The department does not house or treat inmates based solely on age. Elderly inmates are housed in most of the
departments major institutions consistent with their custody level and medical status. By department policy, all inmates
(including those age 50 and older) who have limitations in the performance of Activities of Daily Living are assessed and
diagnosed by a physician, provided with a service plan that is designed to meet their medical and mental health needs, and
housed consistent with their custody level and medical status. Inmates who are blind, deaf, require a walker or a
wheelchair, or who have more specialized housing and/or service needs are assigned only to institutions designated for
such custody and care. Certain facilities serve relatively large populations of elderly inmates. Housing these inmates
separate from the general population reduces the potential for predatory and abusive behavior by younger, more
aggressive inmates and promotes efficient use of medical resources.
Reception and Medical Center has a 120-bed licensed hospital on-site in Lake Butler, Florida, and also cares for chronically
ill, elderly inmates in different dorms on campus including F-Dorm where nursing care is provided chiefly to the infirmed
elderly and others. The South Unit of the Central Florida Reception Center is specifically designated for special needs
inmates, including the elderly, as well as palliative care inmates. Zephyrhills Correctional Institution has two dorms
specifically designed for elderly inmates as well as inmates with complex medical needs. Lowell Correctional Institution
has a dorm specifically designated for female inmates with complex medical needs, including the elderly. South Florida
Reception Center - South Unit includes 487 beds for inmates age 50+. Union Correctional Institution includes 156 beds for
inmates age 50+. F-Dorm at South Florida Reception Center features 84 beds designated for long-term and palliative care.
The facility also provides step-down care for inmates who can be discharged from hospitals but are not ready for an
infirmary level of care at an institution. The department has ten Transitional Care Units, which are inpatient mental health
units where elderly inmates with impairment in mental and cognitive functioning receive necessary care in a safe and
protective environment. The department contracts with two private correctional health care companies to provide
comprehensive health care services to 99,000 inmates statewide. Demand for bed space for elderly inmates with chronic
medical needs is very high. Though the private companies are providing care to all elderly inmates, the department
retained responsibility for assigning and transferring elderly inmates with chronic medical needs to the specialty beds
outlined above. This ensures elderly inmates with the highest levels of acuity are placed in the most appropriate setting.
Number of state operated special needs facilities: Included Above
STATE INITIATIVES
There are four types of inmate substance abuse programming:
Intensive Outpatient - A four- to six-month substance abuse intensive outpatient licensed program provided to inmates at
designated institutions throughout the state. Treatment occurs for half a day, at least four days per week and inmates
participate in a minimum of 12 hours of counselor-supervised activities. These activities include group and individual
counseling. The inmates spend the remainder of their days performing institutional work assignments.
Residential Therapeutic Community - A nine- to twelve-month Therapeutic Community (TC) program housed within the
institution or at a designated community based facility. The program is divided into four phases. Inmates are housed
together in the same dormitory, segregated from non-program inmates. Services are provided in a positive, supportive
environment wherein participants share similar problems of chemical abuse and patterns of criminal thinking. They live
and work together to change their lives while residing in the therapeutic community. The TC model emphasizes structure,
responsibility, credibility, accountability, discipline, consistency and limit setting with consequences.
Program Centers - The department's Substance Abuse Transitional/reentry Programs is a sixteen- to twenty-four month
program model designed to assist inmates nearing release in making a successful transition from the correctional institution
to the community. They offer a continuum of substance abuse services. Inmates who successfully complete the initial
intensive programming component (9-12 months) are eligible to participate in the work release component.
Work Release Centers - Contracted Substance Abuse Counselors operate in thirteen department-operated work release
centers to provide outpatient services (four months in length) and aftercare services to inmates based on their identified
needs. Inmates work in the community while attending treatment in the evenings or on the days they are not working.
The evaluation and effectiveness of the substance abuse programs is monitored and tracked via Annual Comprehensive
Program Evaluations and written reports, recommitment data and program success rates. Participants are tracked in the
programs and the department does compare recidivism rates for those in Substance Abuse Programs to those inmates in the
general population.
Total cost for prison-based substance programs: $26,574,642 ($ state funds)
Total cost for prison-based substance programs: $1,798,234 ($ non-state funds)
STATE INITIATIVES

The Florida Department of Corrections (FDC) operates three reentry facilities (Baker, Polk, and Sago Palm) and three
reentry centers (Baker, Gadsden, and Everglades). With this mission each reentry facility operates under the same basic
criteria: (1) three years left to serve on sentence, (2) release to an identified geographical area served by a reentry facility
(Duval, Hillsborough, Polk, Pinellas, Panhandle Region, Palm Beach, and Miami-Dade), and (3) meets the profile of the
facility. One of the main differences between a reentry facility and other facilities is the involvement of the community. By
locating inmates closer to their county of release the department has been able to foster stronger connections with their
families and community service providers (including but not limited to transitional housing, continuing substance abuse
treatment, basic necessities, job placement services, etc.). This model provides a seamless delivery of services for the
transitioning inmate. These facilities are general revenue funded. However, the Baker and Sago Palm program services
were strongly supported by federal grants ($750,000 Baker; $1,500,000 Sago Palm). For Baker, the Department collected
preliminary recidivism data that showed a 21.5% rate for program completers since 2010.
The type of programs Florida offers to ease inmates transition back into society, including details of the program, funding
sources and performance standards for the programs are as follows. The Florida Department of Corrections, in partnership
with local community-based entities (the Miami-Dade reentry Task Force and the Marion County Public Policy Institute)
was awarded Department of Justice grants to deliver comprehensive inmate reentry services in Miami-Dade and Marion
counties, Florida. The projects are designed to reduce recidivism by identifying needs, providing targeted evidence-based
programs, and coordinating pre- and post-release services that will assist inmates transitioning from prison to the
community. The initiative targets medium- to high-risk inmates housed with FDC, age 18 and older, returning to Miami-
Dade and Marion counties with or without supervision. Based on assessment results, inmates participate in pre-release
programming such as life skills, academic education, vocational training, substance abuse programs and mental health
treatment. Correspondingly, inmates and staff build an individualized continuity of care plan that sets goals and addresses
post-release needs including family, housing employment, and social services. Upon release, participants return through
local Portals of Entry to be linked with specific program providers and direct support services (i.e., legal, health, family
services, education, substance abuse, life skills, job training and placement, food, clothing, and housing). Follow up
assessments and services continue to support the participants throughout their transitional time period. The funding
associated with this effort is: Miami Portal = $750,000 federal funds, $750,000 state funds, total project is $1.5 million, and
Marion Portal = $1 million federal funds, $1 million state funds, total project is $2 million.

STATE INITIATIVES
Summary of Pre-Release and/or Post-Release (Reentry) Programs (continued)

The Bureau of Readiness and Community Transition contracts with Post Release Transitional Housing organizations for the
provision of post-release transitional housing services to assist recently released inmates in their transition from the
institution to the community. Post-Release Transitional Housing programs are funded by general revenue dollars.
Performance outcomes and standards are required and are outlined in the contract. This program has a general revenue
allocation of $1,404,108.
Florida helps in finding a job, place to live, methods of receiving additional treatment, etc. Florida has determined that
these programs have an impact on recidivism rates. Three (3) years after release, Post-Release Transitional Housing
Program completers have a 27.5% recidivism rate as of 2014. The rate for 2016 is pending.
Certain Florida statues mandate that all individuals released from prison complete a 100-hour comprehensive transition
course that covers job readiness and life management skills. In 2016, the 100-Hour Transition Program was replaced with
Compass 100, a Career Readiness Initiative developed by the FDCs Division of Development: Improvement and Readiness.
Compass 100 is the new 100-hour, comprehensive, individualized community readiness course that will be offered to all
residents releasing from the FDC. Compass 100 was developed to enhance FDCs current academic and vocational
programs while also updating the old transition program to reflect current reentry needs. Participants in Compass 100
create individualized reentry plans with guidance from a Career Development Specialist. The end product of Compass 100
is a Readiness Portfolio, which reflects an individuals post-incarceration plans and is a vital tool for obtaining employment
upon release. The Bureau of Readiness and Community Transition also maintains a statewide Resource Directory to further
assist in providing community resources to releasing inmates. The Resource Directory has been designed as a searchable
website to assist staff, inmates and ex-offenders locate resources in their community. The resources included in this
directory are verified on a routine basis to ensure provision of the most up-to-date information to ex-offenders. The
Resource Directory can be accessed at: http://www.dc.state.fl.us/resourceDirectory/
In an effort to facilitate a smooth transition for returning offenders to the community a Transition Assistant Passport (TAP)
was developed. The pocket-sized booklet is a resource tool and is meant to be used as a guide to assist during the inmates
transition period. The booklet has a fill-in format allowing inmates to customize the information regarding employment,
references, transportation, important contact information, finances, budget, medical history, family support contacts, etc.

STATE INITIATIVES
In order to assist the inmates with their transition back into Florida communities, the department has partnered with the
Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (DHSMV), Social Security Administration and Department of Health,
Vital Statistics to assist inmates in obtaining a state identification prior to release. Released inmates with identification can
immediately begin the process of searching for a job, finding housing, opening bank accounts, seeking drivers licenses and
cashing checks. The 2014 Florida Legislature passed CS/CS/HB 53. This new law requires FDC to provide all Florida-born
inmates with a certified copy of their birth certificate and a Florida identification card or driver license, if valid.
Research demonstrates that strategies targeting stronger relationships between inmates and their families correlate with
better outcomes. Adopting a family-focused approach is about changing policy and practice in ways that acknowledge
that family members are key variables in the success or failure of offenders transitioning to the community from prison.
Through current substance abuse contractor services, Transition Services was able to implement the Parenting from Inside
curriculum. This curriculum focuses on parenting, goals of parenting, effective discipline, family communication, conflict
resolution and negotiating, effects of parental incarceration, child maltreatment and protective factors.
The Veteran Dorm Program, established in 2011, is designed to provide specialized services to the verified military service
population. The purpose is to align resource providers and assistance with our veteran population while incarcerated and
post-release. The most recent count of self-reported military service duty identified approximately 6,000 individuals within
the Florida Department of Corrections. Inmates housed in the Florida Department of Corrections who have verified
military status through DD-214 (honorable discharge) within 36 months of release are eligible for participation. The
Department of Corrections has designated four dorms for our incarcerated veterans program. The current locations are:
Gulf Annex, Santa Rosa Annex, Martin, Sumter and Union Correctional Institution.
Number of inmates enrolled in a pre-release program: 12,343


GEORGIA PROFILE
GEORGIA CORRECTIONS PROFILE


A. Murder
B. Armed Robbery
C. Aggravated Assault


Goodtime N/A
Probation N/A
Death 151 inmates
Other (released on reprieve) 1,537 inmates
Number of Inmates Released in FY 16 Based on the Above: 1,537 inmates
Admission 16,396 inmates
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A
Systems Frequency of Testing: Intake/Exit and upon request or
clinically indicated
GEORGIA currently does not segregate or isolate AIDS/HIV inmates.


Admission 47 inmates
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A
Systems Frequency of Testing: As needed basis
GEORGIA currently does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates.
The GEORGIA Department of Corrections (GDC) is not currently under federal or state court orders.

STATE INITIATIVES
GDC has 12 infirmary sites with 163 beds for acute care and 5 facilities where offenders needing accommodative housing ( 4
male and 1 female) are assigned. Offenders that are visual/hearing impaired are assigned to 1 facility. Inmate helpers are
identified to assist wheelchair bound offenders going to food, medical or programs. An infirmed offender is an offender
that would be in need of acute and/or sub-acute medical services. The is no definition for elderly offenders.
Number of state operated special needs facilities: N/A
Total medical expenditures for all state inmates: $6,394,247 ($ non-state funds)

Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Programs (RSAT) is a nine-month program provided to offenders with an identified
substance abuse need. Offenders are referred to this program based on assessed need. The funding associated with this
effort is $6,681,220 in state funds and $791,503 from federal grant funds.
Central Georgia Technical College Customer Service provides technical training and employment assistance to RSAT
participants at selected prison sites. The funding associated with this effort is $795,103 in state funds.
Matrix Early Recovery Skills Model is an eight-session substance abuse intervention program designed for High Need
offenders. Matrix Relapse Prevention Skills is a 32-session substance abuse program utilized to enhance skills learned in
early recovery. Motivation for Change provides cognitive lessons that seek to motivate offenders to participate in
programming, and provide basic substance abuse education. No cost was reported for these efforts.
Georgia evaluates the effectiveness of substance abuse programs by tracking offenders utilizing a three-year felony re-
conviction rate. Georgia compares recidivism rates for those in substance abuse with general population.
Total cost for prison-based substance programs: $791,503 ($ non-state funds)
STATE INITIATIVES
The Georgia Department of Corrections mandates that all offenders take a Reentry class no earlier than 24 months prior to
release. The class curriculum focuses on issues that offenders will likely have to address and teaches them how to best
address each area to bring about a positive outcome. The topics covered include: Getting Organized Prior to Release,
Barriers Affecting Success, Obtaining Proper Identification, How to Find Housing, How to Find Suitable Employment,
Clothing Assistance, Transportation Needs, Food, Money Management, Medical/Health Care, Education Opportunities,
Selective Service Requirements, Mental Health Services, Family Reunification, Parental Accountability, Restoration of
Rights, Community Supervision Requirements, and Alcohol, Drugs, and Recovery Assistance.
The Department of Community Supervision supports the offenders pre- and post-release plans by working with facility
staff to bridge the offenders community reentry. In-reach specialists work one on one with GA-Prisoner Reentry Initiative
offenders to ensure that the proper resources have been set up for them upon release. Georgia offers Transitional Centers
where offenders live supervised in the community, and provide assistance in obtaining employment, and soft/life skills.
The state also has veterans dorms and faith and character-based dorms that focus on both hard and soft skills for the
offender. Funding for these programs is part of the state budget.
Evidence-Based Learning Prison supports pre-release by focusing on training and programming based on evidence-based
learning principles. This is operated with state fund as well as a Second Chance Recidivism Grant.
The Governors Office of Transition and Support (GOTSR), which is a division of Community Supervision, works with
released offenders in designated pilot sites by providing Community Coordinators, In-reach Specialists and networking
with local agencies. This is funded through the state budget and federal grants.
The 3-year recidivism rate is 26% at the present. This has dropped from 32% over the last 10 years. Currently the Faith and
Character Based Program shows a recidivism rate of 12%. All programming used for the department is evidence based and
has been shown to reduce recidivism. The department released 21,325 offenders in FY 2013, 20,634 in FY 2014, 17,823 in FY
2015, and 18,131 in FY 2016. These numbers go in line with the push for Criminal Justice Reform. Currently 67% of the
offenders have violent charges. Criminal Justice Reform has reduced the number of offenders incarcerated while those
incarcerated serve for longer periods of time.

STATE INITIATIVES

KENTUCKY PROFILE
KENTUCKY CORRECTIONS PROFILE

A. Burglary II
B. Burglary III
C. Theft By Unlawful Taking > $500
Inmates that Have Already Served Twenty (20) Years of Their Current Sentences: 606 inmates


Number of New Crime Parole Violators: 218 inmates
Goodtime (Minimum Expiration, Admin Release, Supervision Credits, etc) 3,502 inmates
Death 49 inmates
Other (Active Inmate Release, Commutation of Sentence, Conditional Release, etc.) 6,075 inmates
Method by Which "Goodtime" is Calculated: Yes
Number of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Cases: 1 inmate
Number of Inmates Tested for Human Immunodeficient Virus (HIV) Antibodies: 99 inmates
Admission N/A
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A
Systems Frequency of Testing: As needed either
by request or
incident
Inmates Testing Positive for HIV Antibodies: 1 inmate
KENTUCKY currently does not segregate or isolate AIDS/HIV inmates.

Number of Inmates Being Treated for Hepatitis C: 1,709 inmates

Admission N/A
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A
Systems Frequency of Testing: As needed either
by request or
incident
KENTUCKY currently does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates.
The KENTUCKY Department of Corrections (KYDOC) is not currently under federal or state court orders.

STATE INITIATIVES
The state owns and manages a 67-bed nursing care facility at KY State Reformatory (KSR) for male inmates. KYDOC also
provides in-prison medical care to female inmates at the KY Correctional Institution for Women (KCIW) in the amount of 20
beds. The state procures medical services through contracts with the private sector. KYDOC utilizes a private health care
company that provides health care for inmates at $10.332 per inmate per day. Elderly inmates in need of medical care are
housed in KSR and KCIW; however, these inmates are grouped together in units to accommodate equipment and staff. KRS
439.3405 authorizes the parole of inmates who are medically deteriorated to the point where death is likely within one year.
In addition, HB 235 of the 2014 RS contained language provisions directing the Commissioner of the KYDOC to parole
inmates who are deemed physically and/or mentally infirm. This language provision was in effect for a two-year period
during which no inmates were successfully placed in the community. The KYDOC has previously stated that the reason for
this has to do with a shortage of nursing facilities that are willing to take ex-offenders. Specifically, nursing facilities are not
bound by law to accept any individuals that seek treatment and have raised liability concerns to the KYDOC. Nursing
facilities in the community have asserted that there is a chance that they could be legally liable for damages in the event
that a paroled, infirm inmate were to commit a new crime, particularly a violent one. Note - No current definition exists for
KYDOC to track/identify applicable inmates.

KYDOC provides evidence-based substance abuse programming. A Therapeutic Community is located in 8 prisons.
Programming is available for male and female inmates. The University of Kentucky Center for Alcohol and Drug Research
tracks participants in the programs, thereby providing outcome data to evaluate the effectiveness of the substance abuse
programs. KYDOC compares recidivism rates for those in substance abuse programs and those in general population.

STATE INITIATIVES

Reentry is the effort by KYDOC to support offenders as they transition from prison to the community to improve their
ability to successfully reintegrate into society without further criminal behavior. The number of inmates released has
remained consistent.
Reentry Coordinators are located at each institution. They facilitate home placements, coordinate community partnerships,
facilitate PORTAL New Direction program (promising practice to address reentry barriers) and assist offenders in obtaining
birth certificates and social security cards
Probation and Parole Reentry Liaisons and Facilitators are located statewide throughout the Probation and Parole Districts.
They coordinate community partnerships, assist with referrals to local services provided in area including possible
employment opportunities, facilitate evidence based programs, and other programming such as: Moral Recognition
Therapy, Thinking for a Change, 24/7 Dads and Portal New Direction (promising practice barrier program). Reentry staff
and liaisons work in partnership with 11 Reentry Councils across the state. Programs are cognitive therapy based, address
the criminogenic needs as identified by the risk needs assessment utilized by KYDOC and must be evidence-based.
NOTE: Mandatory Reentry Supervision and Post-Incarceration Supervision are not included in the counts. The counts
represent reentry programming only. The program numbers are based on completions, at this time Kentucky does not track
enrollments that do not complete.

Number of individuals enrolled in a post-release program: 642
Total cost for pre-release programs: $7,868,427 ($ state funds)
Total cost for pre-release programs: $35,420 ($ non-state funds)
Total cost for post-release programs: $1,209,566 ($ state funds)
Total cost for post-release programs: $2,750 ($ non-state funds)

LOUISIANA PROFILE
LOUISIANA CORRECTIONS PROFILE

Average Sentence for New Commitments: 6.0 years
(excluding life sentences)
A. Drug Offenses
B. Robbery
C. Homicides
Number of Inmates Serving Life: N/A


Parole 442 inmates
Goodtime 16,008 inmates
Probation 301 inmates
Death 141 inmates
Other (Conviction Overturned, Court Order and Released to INS) 104 inmates
Number of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Cases: 108 inmate
Number of Inmates Tested for Human Immunodeficient Virus (HIV) Antibodies: 276 inmates
Admission N/A
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A
LOUISIANA currently does not segregate or isolate AIDS/HIV inmates.


Number of Inmates Being Treated for Hepatitis C: 2,097 inmates

Admission N/A
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A
Systems Frequency of Testing: As needed when
clinically
indicated
LOUISIANA currently does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates.
The LOUISIANA Department of Corrections is not currently under federal or state court orders.

STATE INITIATIVES
The reception centers for the Department of Public Safety and Corrections (DOC) are responsible for the initial medical and
mental health screenings of offenders upon arrival. The medical and mental health screenings, along with classification
screenings, are key elements in determining the permanent housing assignment for each offender.
There are three facilities within the department that are considered to be a Level of Care (LOC) 1 facility that provide
extensive medical and mental health services. In addition to routine medical and mental health services, each facility also
provides specialty clinic visits and diagnostic services, including basic radiology. Laboratory is also available. A Skilled
Nursing Unit (SNU) provides extensive inpatient medical services. The SNU at Elayn Hunt Correctional Center (EHCC)
has a 64-bed capacity. Louisiana State Penitentiary, known as Angola, has a 62-bed capacity. Louisiana Correctional
Institute for Women (LCIW) has a 13-bed capacity. These units also provide an End-of-life Care program and Palliative
Care, which provides palliative treatment to patients that are terminally ill. These programs do not cost more and allow the
offenders to make a decision in the type of care they receive. The extensive use of offender volunteers and offender visitors
in place of, and in conjunction with, actual family visits, plus the willing and active role of medical and security staff, allows
the offender to have a dignified end-of-life plan.
As of September 30, 2016, there were 7,436 offenders 50 years of age and older. Of those, 4,752 are housed in the seven DOC
facilities and 2,684 are housed in local jails. The annual cost for housing elderly offenders in DOC facilities is $89,779,156
(4,752 x $51.62 per day x 366 days) and $23,959,370 (2,684 x $24.39 per day x 366 days) for elderly offenders housed in local
jails.
Elderly offenders with chronic health care needs that do not require 24-hour nursing care are housed in a dorm that is
handicap and wheelchair accessible to accommodate those with medical disabilities. Health care orderlies are assigned to
assist offenders with activities of daily living in these areas. The offender can remain in the dorm longer without having to
be admitted to the Nursing Unit for care. A new unit was opened at EHCC that houses elderly and offenders with chronic
care needs that are unable to maintain activities of daily living in general population.
Each institution has a chronic disease management plan. This program includes protocols and chronic care clinics for the
management of offenders with chronic illnesses, including at a minimum: hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure,
hyperlipidemia and asthma/COPD.

STATE INITIATIVES
Summary on Addressing the Issue of Increasing Number of Elderly and Infirmed Inmates (continued)
The Keep on Person Medication Program is available to offenders for self-administration of approved medications. The
offender must be able to read and write and be allowed to handle the approved medications. This program encourages
independence and allows the offender to play a part in their healthcare plan.
Offender Assistants (under staff supervision) perform familial duties commensurate with their level of documented
training. These duties may include the following: peer support and education, hospice or end of life care activities, and/or
assisting impaired offenders on a one-on-one basis with activities of daily living.
Louisiana R.S. 15:574.20 and R.S. 15:833 allow offenders who meet qualifications for compassionate release and medical
parole to be released early. The offender must have a terminal illness or are physically disabled and require long-term care.
During the 2014 Regular Legislative Session the eligibility requirements for medical release were amended. This change
allows DOC to implement medical parole for low-risk offenders by clearly defining the medical condition.
There are also two Geriatric Parole Acts for which some offenders may qualify. Act 790 of 1991 and Act 253 of 2011 allow
those offenders who are non-violent, over age 60, who have served more than 10 years, and meet other determined pre-
release educational readiness to be eligible for geriatric parole.

Total cost to house elderly or infirmed inmates: $113,738,526 ($ state funds)
Total cost to house elderly or infirmed inmates: $0 ($ non-state funds)

STATE INITIATIVES
The reception centers for the DOC are responsible for the initial mental health and substance abuse screenings of offenders
upon arrival. Each offender receives an individualized treatment plan. The screenings are key elements in determining
placement and the type of treatment that is required.
Every institution has substance abuse treatment and education programs. Each DOC institution is mandated to
follow/provide the following per Health Care Policy No. HC 40 16:
1) Living in Balance: Moving From a Life of Addiction to a Life of Recovery;
2) Availability of Alcoholics Anonymous/Narcotics Anonymous weekly meetings;
3) A pre-treatment and post-treatment evaluation to measure the progress of participants at Steve Hoyle facility;
4) Provisions for illiterate offenders or those with reading disorders (utilized as needed);
5) Provisions that the offender will be involved in aftercare discharge planning.
Each institution also provides pre-release counseling services. In addition, the residential pre-release Blue Walters drug
treatment program is operational in cooperation with the privately operated Richwood Correctional Center. Recidivism
rates are measured for Blue Walters. LCIW uses the Living in Balance Curriculum for their substance abuse program. This
program is scheduled as an 8 1/2 week curriculum where there is a pre- and post-test involved. Only offenders in general
population participate in the program. LCIW does not track the recidivism rate for those participants once they release from
LCIW. The cost of the program was $1,214 in FY 16.
DOC offers an intensive substance abuse program, ranging from three to nine months, housed at Bossier Parish
Correctional Facility. The Steve Hoyle Intensive Substance Abuse Program (SHISAP) houses 600 male treatment beds. The
SHISAP program, modeled after the successful IMPACT program previously housed at Forcht Wade Correctional Center,
provides treatment for addiction and its underlying causes. Curriculums include Living In Balance, Dr. Eric Cohens risk
management program (Mind Altering Substance Abuse Program, Phase 1 - Identifying and Phase 2 - Understanding),
Cognitive Behavioral/Emotive Therapy, Moral Reconation Therapy (MRT), victims awareness, anger management, family
therapy, Big Book study groups, AA meetings, community meetings, dual-diagnosis treatment, and drug specific courses.
The program is supported through state funds with a budget focused on the salaries of approximately $300,000 for the
substance abuse treatment providers. It is also supported with the awarding of the federal grant, RSAT- Residential
Substance Abuse Treatment Grant.

STATE INITIATIVES
The efficacy of the SHISAP program is determined by reviewing the recidivism tendencies of released graduates compared
to the recidivism rates of offenders who did not receive treatment. The department also tracks monthly graduation rates,
determined by Certified Treatment Rehabilitation Programs. Recidivism rates for the Steve Hoyle Treatment Program are
tracked.
The Concordia Correctional Treatment Program, Ferriday, LA, is a 40-bed facility for male, adult offenders. Funded through
grants from Louisiana Commission on Law Enforcement and the Louisiana Office of Addictive Disorders (OAD). The
facility has been in operation since May 1997 and has treated upwards of 800 inmates with substance abuse problems. The
program lasts for 90 days and inmates are placed in the program at the beginning of their last 90 days of incarceration. The
ratio of clients to counselors in this program is 14:1, based on grant requirements from the OAD. The emphasis is on
cognitive-behavioral therapeutic techniques. A vast array of treatment material from well-known names in the treatment
field is utilized. The twelve-step approach also provides tools for the inmate to use when he is released to stay clean and
sober, if he so chooses. This program uses Living in Balance, Recovery Dynamics and Cage Your Rage.
Total cost for prison-based substance programs: $0 ($ non-state funds)

Reentry begins at reception for offenders entering state prisons with a variety of assessments (education, vocational,
substance abuse, risk/needs, medical and mental health). Once assessed, individuals are tracked into reentry programming
based on the amount of time to be served and their custody status. An individualized reentry accountability plan is
developed, monitored, and adjusted based on the offenders progress and conduct. The department uses the Louisiana
Risk/Needs Assessment (LARNA) to determine criminogenic risk and began using a validated criminogenic needs
assessment and screening tool from Texas Christian University in FY 13 for all intakes into state prisons.

STATE INITIATIVES
When an offender is nearing release, normally within six-months of release or for some within six months of Transitional
Work Program Eligibility date, they are required to participate in a 100-hour Standardized Pre-release Curriculum 2010 that
includes instructions in the areas of 10 modules: substance abuse, money management, communications, values
development, victim awareness, abiding by conditions of probation and parole, housing, employment, and resources in the
community. This curriculum was recognized by the American Correctional Association as a best practice and published by
Haughton Mifflin Harcourt.
Once in the community post release and the offender is under parole or diminution of sentence supervision, they are
assisted by Probation and Parole Officers. The officers develop a plan of supervision for each offender and make referrals
to community programs (education, substance abuse and mental health, employment, housing, etc.) based on the needs of
the offenders as identified by the risk/needs assessments and the conditions of release. For high risk and/or need
offenders, or those who have technical violations of supervision conditions, the department offers Day Reporting Centers in
8 urban centers, as well as in-patient substance abuse treatment in lieu of revocation as options for offenders under
community supervision.
Most programs are funded within DOC's budget. Some of the education programs are funded through Title I funding. The
Louisiana Community and Technical College System provides some funding for vo-tech instructors.
Performance standards include number of completers and ultimately the number that successfully return to the community
and do not recidivate.
The department offers many therapeutic programs designed to ease the transition of offenders back into the community
(life skill, parenting, anger management, Thinking for a Change (Cognitive Behavior), Sex Offender Treatment, etc. Some of
the programs are described below.
Education: Most offenders read below the 8th grade level. DOC offers literacy, adult basic education, GED/High School
Equivalence (HSE), special education and some college courses.

STATE INITIATIVES
Substance Abuse: Approximately 78% of the offender population admits to some type of substance abuse problem that led
to their criminality. DOC offers several substance education programs at each prison. The Blue Walters Substance Abuse
Treatment Program provides substance abuse treatment for technical violators and offenders that are nearing release. In
July 2012, Forcht Wade Correctional Center (FWCC) was closed. The primary mission of FWCC was to provide intensive
substance treatment through the Steve Hoyle Substance Abuse Program. The Steve Hoyle Substance Abuse Rehabilitation
Program is now located at Bossier Parish Correctional Center in conjunction with a partnership with the Sheriff of Bossier
Parish. Six hundred (600) clinical substance abuse treatment program beds are provided at Bossier Parish Correctional
Center. The program is research-driven and evidenced-based, offering extensive substance abuse treatment that focuses on
addictive disorders, as well as psychological concerns of the individual and their family.
Sex Offender Treatment Unit: A twelve-month program with 100 beds located at Bossier Medium Facility. It is commonly
known at the Steve Hoyle Rehabilitation Program. The program requires that each offender complete all four phases of the
LA Risk Management Model to graduate. They are also required to complete victims awareness, anger management,
Thinking For A Change, Moral Recognition Therapy, and Unlock Your Thinking. A criminogenic needs assessment
determines if an offender should also be required to take Mind Altering Substances Phase 1 and Living In Balance. The
curriculum is designed to use evidence-based treatment to prevent future offenses, increase pro-social thinking, and
mitigate factors contributing to sexual crimes.
Vocational Trades: Most offenders prior to their incarceration do not have job skills. DOC offers training in the areas of
plumbing, carpentry, welding, culinary arts, horticulture, automotive technology, masonry, electrical, upholstery and many
others.
Values Development: Each state prison has a chaplain that works with hundreds of volunteers from the faith-based
community that comprise the heart of faith and character-based programs. Louisiana State Penitentiary (Angola) also offers
a four-year degree program through the New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary Angola Campus. Offenders earn a
bachelors degree and they are used to assistant chaplains at Angola as well as transferred to other state prisons to assist
chaplains.

STATE INITIATIVES
Transitional Work Program: Eligible offenders can be in a transitional work program for 6-48 months depending on the
nature of their offense. Offenders are employed and earn prevailing wages. A percentage of their salary is deposited into an
account for the inmate and a percentage pays for room and board and incidental costs. Currently DOC has approximately
5,432 beds allocated for transitional work programs and about 2,938 are filled according to the latest statistics taken on
9/30/2016. While in the Transitional Work Program offenders begin to understand work ethics and in many instances
obtain a job skill. They can also begin to pay child support, victim restitution, and become taxpayers rather than tax
burdens.
Partnership with Sheriffs: Almost half of the approximately 37,000 offenders committed to DOC serves out their sentences
in local jails and approximately 11,000 of the 17,000 offenders released from custody annually are released from local jails.
In most instances these facilities provide limited to no reentry programs. The department developed and is implementing
regional local reentry programming for offenders serving time in local jails. The concept has divided the state into ten (10)
regions with multiple parishes in each region, plus an additional gender-specific program for female offenders. Under this
plan, there is no new brick and mortar to expand jail capacity to house more offenders, but rather funding for staff and
supplies needed to deliver rehabilitative opportunities. Each program draws reentry participants from all local jails within
the region and offers the same mandatory pre-release curriculum provided in state correctional facilities. The programs,
which began by offering the departments standardized 100-hour pre-release curriculum and discharge planning, continue
to expand as needs are identified. Both state and local reentry programs focus on securing two valid forms of identification
for offenders and preparing them for discharge by assisting with obtaining residence and employment plans. Based on
Government Efficiency Management Systems (GEMS) recommendations, the department expanded Regional Reentry
Programs as noted above. The department deployed 20 transition specialists into 35 local jails housing the largest number
of state offenders to provide individual assessments and reentry programming to those offenders. Additionally, the
department expanded adult basic education classes into 12 local jails. During FY 16 nine local reentry programs were
operational:
A. The Northwest Regional Reentry Program opened in FY 12 in partnership with the Caddo Parish Sheriffs Offices. The
region includes the parishes of Bienville, Bossier, Caddo, Claiborne, Desoto, Jackson, Natchitoches, Red river, Webster and
Union.

STATE INITIATIVES
B. The Southeast Regional Reentry Program opened in FY 16 in Plaquemines Parish. The region includes the parishes of
Orleans, Plaquemines, and St. Bernard.
C. The Louisiana Transition Center for Women (LTCW), formerly the Steve Hoyle Rehabilitation Center located in Tallulah,
opened in FY 12 in partnership with the Madison Parish Sheriff. The program addresses transitional issues associated with
females. Females are transferred in from various local jails and receive reentry transitional services provided at LTCW.
D. The Southwest Central Regional Reentry Program opened in September 2014, in partnership with the Lafayette Parish
Sheriffs Office. The region served includes the parishes of Acadia, Allen, Evangeline, Iberia, Lafayette, St. Landry, St. Mary,
St. Martin, and Vermillion.
E. The Northeast Regional Reentry Program opened in November 2014, in cooperation with the Madison Parish Sheriffs
Office. The region served includes the parishes of Caldwell, East and West Carroll, Franklin, Lincoln, Madison, Morehouse,
Ouachita, Richland, Tensas, and Union.
F. The Central Regional Reentry Program opened in November 2014, in partnership with the Rapides Parish Sheriffs
Office. The region served includes the parishes of Avoyelles, Catahoula, Concordia, Grant, Lasalle, and Rapides.
G. The Jefferson Parish Regional Reentry Program opened in January 2015, in partnership with the Franklin Parish Sheriffs
Office. The region served by this program consists of Jefferson Parish.
H. The Florida Parishes Regional Reentry Program opened in July 2015, in partnership with the St. Tammany Parish
Sheriffs Office. The region served by this program consists of St. Tammany, Washington, and Tangipahoa Parishes.
I. The Capital Regional Reentry Program opened in partnership with the West Baton Rouge Parish Sheriffs Department.
The region served by this program consists of West Feliciana, East Feliciana, St. Helena, Pointe Coupee, West Baton Rouge,
East Baton Rouge, Iberville, and Livingston Parishes.

STATE INITIATIVES
Reentry Court - The department, in collaboration with the Orleans Criminal Court, has created a Reentry Court Pilot
Program to address workforce development training for program participants. Participants will receive other reentry
programming as well, which includes the Thinking for a Change cognitive behavioral program. Participants enter a
vocational program at Louisiana State Penitentiary that is made available through the technical college system. Once the
participant completes the training phase of the program, they transition through work release programs and eventually
back into the community under the direction of the sentencing court. Currently there are thirteen Judicial District Courts
involved in the Reentry Court process. They are as follows: 1) Criminal District Court for the parish of Orleans; 2) 19th
Judicial District Court; 3) Twenty-Second Judicial Court; 4) Eleventh Judicial District Court; 5) Fifteenth Judicial District
Court; 6) Twenty-Six Judicial District Court; 7) First Judicial District Court; 8) Twenty-Fourth Judicial District Court; 9)
Twenty- Fifth Judicial District Court; 10) Fourth Judicial District Court; 11) Fourteenth Judicial District Court; 12) Thirty-
Second Judicial District Court and 13) Twenty-First Judicial District Court.
Day Reporting Center Program (DRC) This is a structured program for selected probation and parole violators who are on
the cusp of being re-incarcerated for technical violations. They remain in the community, are required to report to the DRC
and are assessed and provided treatment or services in identified needs areas (i.e., substance abuse, mental health referrals,
job search, education, etc.). Day Reporting Centers are currently operating in Shreveport/Bossier, Baton Rouge, Covington,
and New Orleans. The latest statistics available are from October 31, 2016. At that time, the DRCs reported serving a total of
340 individuals for the month of October 2016.
DRC helps individuals find jobs post-release, places to live, provide information for methods of receiving additional
treatment, etc. through collaborations with employers, the Louisiana Workforce Commission and local staffing agencies.
Annually, all state prisons have Resource Fairs for offenders that are within six months of being released. During the
Resource Fairs offenders can complete application with employers. Additionally, through collaboration with the Louisiana
Workforce Commission, the Job One Mobile unit travels to state prisons to sign up offenders into their database and a job
resume is completed. Additionally, transitional work program offenders are sometimes able to keep their job with the
employer once they have been released from custody. Through collaborations with faith and community-based partners,
DOC makes referrals for housing and shelter for offenders at release.

STATE INITIATIVES
Probation and Parole Officers - make referrals for treatment, education, and other services for offenders that are released to
their supervision. Each probation and parole office has a community resource coordinator and each office also has a
manual of resources in the community as well as services listed on the Corrections Resource Database.
These programs have a positive impact on recidivism rates. Recidivism rates are lower for offenders that complete
programs in education, transitional work programs, faith-based, and parole supervision as compared to the total
population released. There has been an increase in releases comparing FY 15 (17,903) to FY 16 (18,102), a difference of 199
more releases between the comparative fiscal years.
RELEASES FOR PERIOD FY 10 thru FY 16

FY Year No. of Releases
11 17,384
12 16,951 (2.49% decrease compared to FY11)
13 17,194 (1.41% increase compared to FY 12)
14 17,752 (3.14 % increase compared to FY 13)
Number of inmates enrolled in a pre-released program: 880 (Reentry Centers)
Number of individuals enrolled in a post-release program: 340 (Day Reporting Centers Only)
Total cost for pre-release programs: $4,835,000 (Reentry Centers) ($ state funds)
Total cost for pre-release programs: $0 ($ non-state funds)
Total cost for post-release programs: $5,400,000 (Day Reporting Centers) ($ state funds)
Total cost for post-release programs: $0 ($ non-state funds)

MISSISSIPPI PROFILE
MISSISSIPPI CORRECTIONS PROFILE

Total Number of Inmates 50 Years or Older: 693 inmates
A. Armed Robbery
B. Aggravated Assault
C. Sexual Battery
Inmates that Have Already Served Twenty (20) Years of Their Current Sentences: 229 inmates


Goodtime N/A
Death 51 inmates
Other (released on reprieve) 1,074 inmates
Total 7,136 inmates
Admission All inmates are tested at intake
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A
Systems Frequency of Testing: At intake and as
clinically
indicated
MISSISSIPPI currently does not segregate or isolate AIDS/HIV inmates.
Number of Known Hepatitis C Cases: 275 inmates


Admission N/A
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A
Systems Frequency of Testing: As clinically
indicated. Not all
are tested for
Hepatitis C.
MISSISSIPPI currently does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates.
The MISSISSIPPI Department of Corrections (MDOC) is currently under two federal court orders. The first is a 1973 federal
court order that only applies to the number of state inmates that can be housed in county jails. The second is a 2012 federal
court order that requires Youthful Offenders (17 and younger and vulnerable 18 and 19 year olds) be housed in a unit
operated by MDOC and separate from other inmates, protected from violence and other physical or sexual abuse by staff,
other youth and inmates at all times, provide adequate, appropriate and timely medical, mental and dental care, and
receive at least 4 hours a day of out-of-cell programming.

STATE INITIATIVES
Special needs, disabled and geriatric male inmates have a special housing unit at the Mississippi State Penitentiary (MSP)
and the Central Mississippi Correctional Facility. The East Mississippi Correctional Facility, a privately operated facility, is
the designated mental health facility. MSP has a compassionate care unit for inmates who require end-of-life care.
Mississippi Code 47-7-4 allows for conditional medical release of terminally ill and/or inmates with debilitating and
incapacitating health conditions.
Number of elderly and/or infirmed inmates: 213
State funds - costs not separately
Total cost to house elderly or infirmed inmates: ($ state funds)
defined for this inmate subgroup
Total cost to house elderly or infirmed inmates: Non-state funds - not used ($ non-state funds)
Medical paid by state funds except
Total medical expenditures for all state inmates: in-patient stays reimbursed through ($ non-state funds)
Medicaid
MDOC provides long-term and short-term treatment as well as alcohol and drug therapeutic community programs for
offenders who have a history of substance abuse or who commit alcohol and drug-related crimes. Priority is given to
offenders who are court ordered to complete alcohol and drug treatment programs. The short-term program is a twelve-
week program provided for offenders with special needs (disabilities). The therapeutic community program is a long-term
program and requires participants to be within six to thirty months of their earliest release date. Alcohol and drug
programs are funded by state funds and by grant funds received through the Mississippi Department of Mental Health and
the Mississippi Department of Public Safety. The Alcohol and Drug Program evaluates the effectiveness of treatment by
administering a pre-test upon entry and a post-test at program completion to measure progress made during the treatment.
A Phase Change test is administered to participants to determine progress made between phases of the program.
Management Information Systems conducts a recidivism study of program participants who successfully complete the
program to determine the rate of return within 36 months of release. The recidivism rate for program completers can be
compared to the recidivism rate of offenders in the general population.

STATE INITIATIVES
Costs paid from state funds are

Total cost for prison-based substance programs: ($ state funds)
undefined for this inmate subgroup

MDOC provides pre-release/job assistance to incarcerated offenders who are within two years of their sentence completion
date or who are within six months of their parole eligibility date. The program teaches the offenders basic and remedial
education, GED, employability, readjustment and social skills. The program assists offenders in securing employment,
residence, and provides community resources for reentry into society. The program is funded with state funds and with
grant funds from the Mississippi Community College Board. Performance standards for the program are set by the grantors
and the Department of Corrections. Participants are administered the Test for Adult Basic Education (TABE) upon entry
into the program and prior to release to evaluate participant performance. Management Information Systems conducts a
recidivism study of program participants who successfully complete the program to determine the rate of return within 36
months of release. The recidivism rate for program completers can be compared to the recidivism rate of offenders in the
general population.
Cost not separately defined to Pre-
Total cost for pre-release programs: ($ state funds)
Release Program
Cost not separately defined to Post-
Total cost for post-release programs: ($ state funds)
Release Program


MISSOURI PROFILE

MISSOURI CORRECTIONS PROFILE

A. Possession of Controlled Substance
B. Burglary 2nd Degree
C. Distribution/Delivery of Manufactured Controlled Substances
Goodtime N/A
Death 108 inmates
Other 43 inmates

Random 853 inmates
Incident 1,586 inmates
High Risk Group 1 inmate
Systems Frequency of Testing: Intake, exit,
exposure, and
offender request
MISSOURI currently does not segregate or isolate AIDS/HIV inmates.


Admission N/A
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A
Systems Frequency of Testing: Offenders are tested
at the discretion of
the physicians
depending on the
offenders reporting
of high-risk
behavior.
MISSOURI currently does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates.

The MISSOURI Department of Corrections (MDOC) is not currently under a federal or state court order.

STATE INITIATIVES
Elderly offenders are housed in general population. There is no dedicated housing for offenders over 50. It costs $12.578 per
day to provide medical services per inmate. The state of Missouri does not track elderly or disabled inmate expenses
separately.
Total cost to house elderly or infirmed inmates: $0 ($ state funds)
Total cost to house elderly or infirmed inmates: $0 ($ non-state funds)

MDOC provides residential substance abuse treatment for 2,987 offenders at any given time. The following types of
programs are included:
- Long-Term Substance Abuse Treatment (12-24 months)

- Offenders Under Treatment and Intermediate (6 months)
- Intermediate Program (6 months)
- Short-Term (84 Days)
- All but one of the sites use a modified Therapeutic Community Model of treatment.
MDOC has both contracted and state operated substance abuse treatment programs. MDOC also has specialized programs
for women with co-occurring substance abuse and mental health disorders, and for male offenders with mobility
impairments as well as special mental health needs and/or cognitive impairments.
All programs provide recovery-focused education, group counseling, psychoeducational groups, limited individual
counseling, and numerous therapeutic community activities. Programs focus on recovery from both substance use
disorders and criminality.

STATE INITIATIVES
The following are programs whose service delivery is outsourced:
Chillicothe Correctional Center (256 beds) Substance abuse programming services for women: $13.07 per offender per
day, to include Short-Term, Intermediate, and Long-Term Treatment programs.
Maryville Treatment Center (525 beds total, 300 of them contracted) Substance abuse programming services for men:
$9.15 per day per offender, to include Intermediate and Long-Term Treatment programs.
Northeast Corrections Center (62 beds) Mobility adapted and special needs treatment services for men: $19.88 per
offender per day, to include group education, group counseling and individual counseling for those with specific medical
and mental health needs, traumatic brain injury or adaptive.
Ozark Correctional Center Therapeutic Community Services (650 beds) Comprehensive Substance Abuse Therapeutic
Community programming services for men: $7.56 per offender per day for Long-Term Therapeutic Community program.
Western Reception Comprehensive Substance Abuse Services (325 beds contracted) Substance Abuse Programming
services for men: $8.94 per offender per day includes Short-Term Program Service, Intermediate Program services, and
Partial-Day Treatment services.
Womens Eastern Assessment and Comprehensive Substance Abuse Treatment Services (240 beds) Substance Abuse
programming services for women: $15.58 per offender per day to include all other substance services. Treatment programs
include Long-Term Treatment, Intermediate Program, Short-Term Treatment, and the Offenders Under Treatment six-month
program.
MDOC also has a number of substance use disorder treatment programs with services provided by department treatment
staff. It is difficult to compute the cost of those programs because all of the funding is dedicated to staff salaries. However,
the average cost per offender for all programs (both contracted and department-provided) is approximately $1,100. The
following is a list of institutional treatment programs in which the treatment services are provided by department staff:
Boonville Treatment Center (60 beds) - Services for offenders Court and Board ordered for short-term treatment are
provided.
Cremer Therapeutic Community Center (180 beds) - This provides services to offenders Court and Board ordered for 84-
120 days of treatment.
Fulton Reception Diagnostic Correctional Center (15 beds) - Provides short-term treatment services for offenders Court
ordered for 120 day treatment who have medically related mobility problems that preclude participation at other programs.

STATE INITIATIVES

Farmington Treatment Program (364 beds) - Provides services to offenders stipulated to short-term, six-month and long-
term treatment.
Western Regional Treatment Center (325 beds) - Provides short-term and six-month services (Offender Under Treatment
Program services) to offenders court-ordered or Probation and Parole stipulated treatment.
Missouri evaluates the effectiveness of substance abuse programs by outcome measures that include program completions
and recidivism rates over periods of 6, 12, 24 and 36 months for various offender populations. Additionally, program
reviews are conducted annually and contracted programs are monitored monthly. MDOC tracks participants in programs
until the end of their community supervision. The department tracks program completion, reasons for program failure,
program success by offense type and numerous other areas.
Missouri compares recidivism rates for those who complete treatment programs and those who have not accessed or
completed their assigned treatment program. The most substantial difference is consistent with longitudinal national
research. Outcomes show a particularly positive impact for those offenders participating in both institutional treatment
and continuing treatment in the community with support from traditional and non-traditional (faith based) or community
programs. Research conducted by Department of Mental Health on offenders who were released between July 1, 2008, and
June 30, 2015, and completed both institutional and community substance abuse treatment demonstrates that individuals
who have not completed either institutional or community treatment recidivate at an average rate of approximately 32%
within one year compared to those who have completed at approximately 20%.
Missouri has some additional projects for which outcomes are being tracked: 1) for high risk offenders who graduate from
institutional treatment and receive prompt community continuing care, and 2) for offenders released from treatment after
an initial injection of Vivitrol and continue on Medication Assisted Treatment and intensive substance abuse treatment in
the community while under community supervision. Both projects are implemented in collaboration of Department with
Mental Health and their certified treatment providers as well as MDOC's institutional treatment providers.
Participants in a substance use disorder treatment program are compared also tracked while incarcerated. MDOC and the
Department of Mental Health integrate their data and use it for aggregated outcomes.

STATE INITIATIVES

Missouri evaluates the effectiveness of substance abuse programs by way of yearly audits/program surveys as well as
monthly monitoring of contracted programs. Offenders also complete exit surveys and participants at contracted programs
periodically complete satisfaction surveys. MDOC compares agency program objectives and goals from the previous year
with the current year and analyze the variances. MDOC monitors recidivism rates of offenders as related to re-
incarceration and use of alcohol and illegal substances.
Recidivism rates for those in substance use disorder programs are compared to those inmates in the general population.
Treatment offenders who completed their programs are compared to those who entered and did not complete treatment, as
well as to offenders in general population who have not received treatment.
Percentage of state facilities with prison-based substance abuse treatment programs: N/A

MDOC reports that the specific costs of these programs cannot be broken apart from academic education, substance abuse,
and reentry appropriations. Missouri Vocational Enterprises (MVE) has authority to spend from the Working Capital
Revolving Fund.
Number of inmates enrolled in a pre-released program: N/A

Number of state operated facilities with pre-release programs: N/A
Percentage of state facilities with pre-release programs: N/A

NORTH CAROLINA PROFILE

NORTH CAROLINA CORRECTIONS PROFILE

A. Habitual Felon
B. Murder 2nd Degree
C. Robbery with dangerous weapon
Inmates Executed in FY 16: N/A

Goodtime N/A
Probation N/A
Death 117 inmates
Other 1,211 inmates
Recidivism Rate for Total Population Base 3 Years After Release: N/A
Admission N/A
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A
Systems Frequency of Testing: Mandatory at intake every four
years from last negative test and
within one year of release.

NORTH CAROLINA currently does not segregate or isolate AIDS/HIV inmates. NC DPS/DAC conducts infectious disease
education classes at processing centers upon entry into the system. Offenders are provided with training and education
when they are placed into certain jobs within the department for blood borne pathogen exposure risks.


Admission N/A
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A
Systems Frequency of Testing: As needed or as
indicated
NORTH CAROLINA currently does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates. A hepatology clinic is provided for the
offender population for the management of their hepatitis C disease process.
The NORTH CAROLINA Department of Corrections (DOC) is not currently under a federal or state court order.

STATE INITIATIVES
Randolph Correctional center has the capacity to accommodate up to 100 offenders in a Long-Term Care (LTC) facility.
North Carolina General Statute 15A 1369 governs the medical release of inmates. This legislation allows for the early
medical parole of geriatric offenders, 65 years or older; terminally ill offenders with a projected prognosis of death within
six months or permanently and totally disabled offenders except those convicted of class A and B crimes (primarily first
and second degree murder) or offenders who have to register as sex offenders at release.
North Carolina General Statute 148 4 governs the custody and control of prisoners, authorizing a prisoner to leave his or
her place of confinement. The Secretary of the Department of Public Safety may extend the limits of confinement for
terminally ill and permanently and totally disabled offenders to receive palliative care. Offenders must be in minimum
custody, terminally ill (within six months of death) and/or permanently and totally disabled.
Prisons Policy and Procedure C.2200 Extension of Limits of Confinement

http://www.doc.state.nc.us/dop/policy_procedure_manual/c2200.pdf
Prisons Health Care Policy CC 11 Extending the Limits of Confinement

https://www.ncdps.gov/div/Prisons/HealthServices/CC_ContinuityPatientCare/cc11.pdf


STATE INITIATIVES
Alcoholism and Chemical Dependency Programs (ACDP) Section prison-based programs are operated within selected
minimum and medium custody prison units. Residential and program space for participants are separate from the regular
prison population. The ACDP Substance Abuse Program Director and/or Administrator is responsible for overseeing the
treatment program while the prison superintendent or warden is responsible for all matters pertaining to the custody,
security, and administration of the prison.
Eligibility for ACDP prison-based substance use disorder treatment program placement established during diagnostic
processing and utilizes the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI) as a severity indicator of substance use
problems. Upon the inmates admission to treatment, ACDP staff complete a thorough assessment, which further defines
the history and extent of the substance use disorder. Together, these measures establish the final recommendation for
treatment placement. Once an inmate completes an ACDP prison-based intensive outpatient treatment program, the
individual is either released from prison due to reaching the end of their sentence or returned to regular population where
they are encouraged to participate in other recovery activities.
ACDP programs are based on Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions and encompass two service levels including intermediate
and long-term treatment. The intermediate treatment programs provide intensive outpatient services to inmates identified
as having a moderate to severe substance use disorder for a period of at least 90 days. Intermediate programs use a gender-
specific curriculum in fourteen (14) prison units across the state. Long-term intensive outpatient treatment programs range
in length from 120 to 365 days. Long-term programs use a gender-specific curriculum and are designed to treat inmates
identified as having a severe substance use disorder in need of long-term treatment. Long-term programs are located in
four (4) prison units across the state.
The NC Department of Public Safety Controllers Office computes agency and ACDP prison-based program costs annually.
The FY 15 figures indicate the average cost per day per inmate in a prison-based program was $69.34. These estimations are
calculated using both program and custody costs. ACDP program cost per day per inmate was $16.98. ACDP operates one
prison-based program with a federal Residential Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT) grant which provides 75% of the
funding with a state match of 25%.

STATE INITIATIVES
The North Carolina General Assembly requires an annual evaluation of the ACDP prison-based programs. Evaluation
measures include reduction in substance use, improvements in disciplinary/infraction rates, recidivism (defined as return-
to-prison rates), and other measures of programs success. These measures include:
The Brief Situational Confidence Questionnaire (BSCQ), which assesses an offenders self-confidence to resist the urge to
drink heavily or use drugs in eight situations using a repeated measures design, is a comparison of pre- and post-
intervention testing results.
The Criminal Thinking Scales (CTS), which measures improvement on select criminal thinking traits. The instrument uses
six scales that represent distinct elements of anti-social cognitions and attitudes based on a national sample of male and
female offenders. Criminal justice literature highlights criminal thinking as one of several key determinates of an
individuals willingness to commit crime both before and after criminal justice sanctions have been applied. Research has
shown when anti-social attitudes and cognitions are addressed; an individuals risk of future offending can be reduced. The
results of the CTS survey provides treatment programs with a method to document the impact of program interventions
and the change in an offenders thinking and attitudes that have been associated with substance use and criminal activity.
Recidivism, as an ACDP outcome measure, is defined as return-to-prison within 3 years of program completion. It
evaluates each programs impact using statistical techniques that consider potential differences among inmates and create
equivalent groups appropriate for comparison. This method not only demonstrates when completion of an ACDP prison-
based program statistically decreases the likelihood of return-to-prison, but also allows for comparison of program
participants with inmates not assigned to an ACDP program.
Number of inmates enrolled in a prison-based substance abuse treatment program: N/A

Number of state operated facilities with prison-based substance abuse treatment programs: N/A

STATE INITIATIVES
There are a number of evidence-based programs offered to the inmate population along with services to remove barriers
that would impact a successful transition back into the community. In addition, the agency partners with a number of faith-
based and community-based organizations to provide in-reach reentry and transition services - meaning these
organizations make contact prior to release and then follow up after release. The programs, services, and activities can be
categorized under prison programming, transition planning and preparation, and community services. The agency utilizes
evidence-based correctional interventions.
The agency does not offer one specific program but utilizes many programs and services offered at the various facilities
during the period of incarceration as reentry and transition programming. In the future, the agency will implement
dedicated reentry facilities (at all custody levels) to ensure that all releasing individuals have access to a core set of reentry
services as well as any specific programming related to their unique situation (e.g., sex offenders, chronic medical, mental
health, etc.) The dedicated facilities will enable the agency to provide comprehensive reentry planning and preparation for
all offenders exiting prison.
Prison case management policy outlines reentry activities completed prior to release, which include obtaining relevant
identification cards (e.g., valid state ID, Social Security card, and birth certificate), gathering credentials and certifications
earned during incarceration for the Transition Documents Envelope (TDE), discharge summary for follow up treatment
appointments, and home plan after release. Employment assistance is provided by partner agencies or through referrals to
services in the community post-release.
Certain work programs such as Correction Enterprises, Work Release, treatment-oriented programs for substance abuse
and cognitive behavioral interventions are regularly evaluated and demonstrate an impact on the recidivism.
The number of released inmates has been fairly stable over the past few fiscal years.

OKLAHOMA PROFILE
OKLAHOMA CORRECTIONS PROFILE

A. Possession of a Controlled Substance
B. Distribution of Controlled Dangerous Substance /Possession with Intent
C. Burglary 2nd Degree

Inmates Admitted Who Were Parole Violators: 79 inmates
Parole 428 inmates
Goodtime N/A
Death 115 inmates
Other 315 inmates
Admission N/A
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A
Systems Frequency of Testing: Inmates are tested at intake (initial
reception) and when known risk
exposure
OKLAHOMA currently does not segregate or isolate AIDS/HIV inmates.

Number of Inmates Being Treated for Hepatitis C: 1 inmate

Admission N/A
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A
Systems Frequency of Testing: Upon request, known risk
exposure or when
signs/symptoms present
OKLAHOMA currently does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates.
The OKLAHOMA Department of Corrections (ODOC) is not currently under a federal or state court order.

STATE INITIATIVES
ODOC defines elderly as inmates who are age 60 and older. As of 2/13/2017, ODOC had 1,553 inmates incarcerated who
were age 60 or older. ODOC does not operate a specific state facility or housing unit solely for the purpose of housing
elderly inmates. From July - December 2016, outside provider billing, lab services, patient-specific pharmaceuticals and
hospital costs for age 60 and over was $2,683,343. This dollar equates to 17.6% of the total amount spent on all incarcerated
age groups in the same categories and time frames. Prior to July 1, 2016, the agency was unable to gather costs based on
inmate age.
In addition to the outside medical costs detailed above, the agency has derived an average daily medical cost of
incarceration. The average cost for FY 16 was $8.37 per day per inmate. This cost is in addition to the average daily cost of
incarceration.
Oklahoma is not a Medicaid expansion state. However, in specific instances, inmates who are hospitalized are able to access
Medicaid funding. In FY 16, Medicaid reimbursed $1,446,024 for inmate access for which DOC paid the state-matching
share of $554,156.

Total cost to house elderly or infirmed inmates: $44.72 per inmate per day ($ state funds)
Total cost to house elderly or infirmed inmates: 0 ($ non-state funds)

STATE INITIATIVES

ODOC operates eighteen prison-based substance abuse treatment programs at sixteen facilities across the state. Cognitive
behavioral modality is the method of treatment delivery. Inmate participation is tracked via an online database, providing
real time program participation data. Program outcomes are derived by analyzing and comparing participant survival and
recidivism rates against a matched sample. Substance abuse treatment programs are evaluated according to ODOC policy
every three years utilizing the Correctional Program Checklist (CPC). The CPC is a tool used to measure how closely
correctional programs follow the principles of effective interventions.
Percentage of state facilities with prison-based substance abuse treatment programs: 66.7%

STATE INITIATIVES

ODOC was a recipient of a Second Chance Act (SCA) grant that afforded inmates the opportunity to participate in
correctional programming such as substance abuse treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy, and skills training instruction
while incarcerated, followed by an additional six months of programming and/or services post release. Collaboration with
Workforce Oklahoma provides for resume building and job placement opportunities. Graduates of the skills-training
portion of the program work with Career Tech transition coordinators for job placement in their trained skill. Outcome
measures were based on urinalysis testing, misconduct rates, and survivability rates post release.
ODOC tracks transition program participation while the inmate is in its care. Post-release programming and aftercare
services are not tracked consistently for attendance. Pre-release programs include Transition Skills, Life Skills and Second
Chance programming.
Career Tech Skills Centers provide opportunities for inmates to learn a trade during incarceration. Transition coordinators
employed through Career Tech assist graduates of skills centers to find gainful employment in their field of study.

Total cost for pre-release programs: $247,600 ($ state funds)
Total cost for post-release programs: $462,125 ($ state funds)
Total cost for post-release programs: $943,750 ($ non-state funds)

SOUTH CAROLINA PROFILE
SOUTH CAROLINA CORRECTIONS PROFILE

Total Number of Inmates 50 Years or Older: 916 inmates
A. Homicide
B. Dangerous Drugs
C. Burglary

Goodtime N/A
Death 86 inmates
Other 1,761 inmates
Total 9,147 inmates
Admission N/A
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A
Systems Frequency of Testing: Admissions, on exposure and
clinical indications

SOUTH CAROLINA currently does not segregate or isolate AIDS/HIV inmates.


Admission N/A
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A
Systems Frequency of Testing: Physician's request and
presence of risk factor
SOUTH CAROLINA currently does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates. An infection control coordinator monitors
Hepatitis C inmates with the help of medical staff to distribute information along with monthly chronic care clinics at
institutions. The department has developed new treatment protocols that are in the process of implementation.
The SOUTH CAROLINA Department of Corrections (SCDC) is currently under federal court orders. 1) 1993 Limitations
on inmate labor and materials for certain construction projects; 2) 1999 Five Percenter threat group members can possess
Five-Percent literature, but only in Administrative Segregation; 3) 2000 Limitations imposed on use of drug dogs to search
visitors, and 4) 2013 HIV positive inmates will be housed in general population and eligible for all programs.

STATE INITIATIVES
The elderly and infirmary inmates committed to SCDC are given a medical and mental health assessment upon admission.
A treatment plan is developed and the inmate is assigned to an institution according to his medical or mental health needs.
SCDC has two handicap units for inmates that have ambulating, hearing, or sight problems, and an assisted living unit for
inmates that need assistance with activities of daily living or who may just not be able to keep up with the pace of the
general population inmates. SCDC has three infirmaries for any inpatient care needed including a chronic care infirmary for
the inmates that can no longer care for themselves. If the SCDC infirmaries cannot provide the services necessary, the
inmates are admitted to a community hospital for more intense care. SCDC provides a number of specialty clinics (i.e.
ortho, surgery, urology, pulmonary etc.) in-house. Consultants follow inmates and make recommendations for care. The
SCDC Primary Care Physicians and Nurse Practitioners follow inmates as needed at their assigned institutions. No
legislation has been enacted that addresses this issue. SCDC does not track individual inmate costs, so it is unable to
separate costs for elderly and infirmary inmates from its overall budget.

Total medical expenditures for all state inmates: $169,292 ($ non-state funds)

STATE INITIATIVES

South Carolina Substance Abuse Services include the following programs:
Therapeutic Community Model, Horizon Addiction Treatment Unit at Lee Correctional Institution - This program is for
adult males who are straightimers and the program duration is 6 12 months. Approximately $565,711 in state funds were
used for this program in FY 16. The total bed number is 256. The inception of the program was 2002.
Correctional Recovery Academy at Turbeville Correctional Institution - This program is for young, male offenders age
1725 and the duration of the program is 6-9 months. Approximately $377,549 in state funds were used for this program in
FY 16. The total bed number is 136. The inception of the program was 1997.
Camille Griffin Graham Addiction Treatment Unit This program is for female adult and youthful offenders and the
duration of the program is 6-9 months. Approximately $301,962 in state funds were used for this program in FY 16. The
total bed number is 80. The inception of the program was 2012.
The general admission for each of these programs requires a DOC offender identified as chemically dependent and/or
court-ordered to treatment, no current or post sex crime conviction, offenders with pending charges must receive additional
DOC approval. Offenders must be medically cleared if medical restrictions exist at the time of admission. Offenders
classified as mentally ill must be medically and therapeutically stabilized prior to admission.
FY 16 resident substance abuse treatment (RSAT) funding $150,927 is not included in the individual state funds listed.


STATE INITIATIVES

A 30-day pre-release re-entry program was operated at Watkins Pre-release Center up until 2012. The SCDC determined a
need to reach more inmates nearing release than the 284 bed Watkins could handle. It was determined that Manning
Correctional Institution would be the new site for a statewide pre-release program which dedicated 600 beds to the project
and expanded the 30-day concept to 180 days of programming, training, and release assistance for departing offenders.
Most of 2012 was used to develop concepts of programming and to acquire the necessary staff to perform the tasks.
Educational services were increased to offer GED, Vocational Training, and Work-keys to the designated pre-release
inmates. Life Skills, programming that utilizes social service organizations and volunteers from the community, offers
expertise in assisting with the re-entry efforts. Classes are specialized to offer the offender what he needs to be successful
upon release. South Carolina has continued to increase programming by joining up with the South Carolina Department of
Employment and Workforce (SCDEW) to operate a "ONE STOP SHOP," where the offender undergoes employability
readiness classes and is assisted with employment searches and placement. Several other programs are being developed to
enhance the services offered. SCDC utilizes numerous volunteers and volunteer agencies to make programming relevant
for the offenders being released back into the community.

TENNESSEE PROFILE
TENNESSEE CORRECTIONS PROFILE

A. Homicide
B. Drugs Offenses
C. Robbery

Goodtime N/A
Death 95 inmates
Other 1,264 inmates
Number of Inmates Released in FY 16 Based on the Above: 1 inmate
Random 541 inmates
Incident 31 inmates
High Risk Group N/A
Systems Frequency of Testing: All inmates at intake, per inmate
request, blood borne exposure and
known high-risk exposure
TENNESSEE currently does not segregate or isolate AIDS/HIV inmates.


Random 1,551 inmates
Incident 61 inmates
High Risk Group N/A
Systems Frequency of Testing: Per inmate request, blood borne
exposure and known high-risk
exposure
TENNESSEE currently does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates.
The TENNESSEE Department of Corrections (TDOC) is not currently under a federal or state court order.

STATE INITIATIVES
There are special-needs facilities for male and female offenders. However, special-needs is based on medical and
behavioral health needs vs. age. There is a male unit which houses 96 offenders based on age. Cost data is not available.
They are not housed in a separate facility. NOTE: Those 65 and older are identified as elderly.
Number of elderly and/or infirmed inmates: 535

Total medical expenditures for all state inmates: $181,800 ($ non-state funds)

TDOC requires program managers to complete a standard monthly report. Information is collected in regards to intake,
discharge, urinalysis testing, and dismissal. TDOC has partnered with a behavioral health vendor that provides mental
health services and drug treatment services to inmates in the custody of TDOC. TDOC offers Intensive Residential Drug
Treatment through a 9- to-12 month Therapeutic Community and Intensive Outpatient Group Therapy. Recidivism rates for
those in substance abuse programs are not available.
Number of inmates enrolled in a prison-based substance abuse treatment program: 1,100 est.

STATE INITIATIVES
A. TDOC has a number of reentry programs that are designed to facilitate the offenders transition back into the
community. In the facilities, Reentry Specialists and Institutional Probation/Parole Officers assist offenders with developing
housing plans and getting those plans reviewed and approved prior to release. They also assist in getting a birth certificate,
social security card, and state issued photo ID. Programming such as employment readiness, family reunification, life skills,
substance use aftercare, and victim impact are also provided.
B. Career Development Counselors assist offenders in developing an employment plan based on their education and/or
vocational training.
C. Career Management for Success (CMS) is a 12-week course designed to teach offenders socialization skills and subjects
that are critical to their success and transition back into the community. Class topics include: job searching, housing, parole
hearings and success while on parole, conflict management, victim impact and Thinking for a Change.
D. Community Supervision Employment Specialists assist offenders under supervision by helping them secure
employment. Community Supervision staff also assist offenders with notification/access to community based resources.
E. Cognitive-based behavioral programs are also available in the community supervision district offices.
F. Chattanooga Release Center is a 42-bed work release center that is operated by a contractor in partnership with TDOC.
Short-term (90-120 days) reentry services including employment readiness, family reunification, life skills, substance use
aftercare, victim impact and cognitive restructuring are provided to program participants.
G. Parole Technical Violators Diversion Program (PTVDP) is a 75-bed program operated in conjunction with the Substance
Use Therapeutic Community Program. The program is 6 months on average and addresses the same topics covered in
TDOC's standard substance use therapeutic community programs in other facilities. This program is designed for parole
violators with substance use issues. Placement in this program is made through a Board of Parole recommendation.
TDOC does not currently have empirical data on whether or not these programs have an impact on recidivism rates. Over
the past three years, the rate of release has shown a modest decline.

Number of individuals enrolled in a post-release program: 1,063
Total cost for pre-release programs: $990,200 ($ state funds)
TEXAS PROFILE
TEXAS CORRECTIONS PROFILE

Average Sentence for New Commitments (excluding life sentences): 6.9 prison and 0.8 jail years
Average Time Served by Those Released: 4.1 prison and 0.8 jail years
A. Drugs
B. Assault
C. Robbery

Death 402 inmates
Other 6,065 inmates
Method by Which "Goodtime" is Calculated: (Approved by Board of P&P and supervised by
Parole Division. Prison-time plus good time must equal total sentence.)
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A
Systems Frequency of Testing: All inmates at intake, per inmate request, blood borne exposure and
known high-risk exposure
Inmates Testing Positive for HIV Antibodies: 2,433 inmates
TEXAS currently does not segregate or isolate AIDS/HIV inmates.



Admission N/A
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A
Systems Frequency of Testing: At intake if deemed high-risk, when
clinically indicated and offender
may request once per year
TEXAS currently does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates.
The TEXAS Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) is not currently under a federal or state court order.

STATE INITIATIVES
Certain units have been designated housing areas for geriatric offenders with less severe medical issues. One facility has
been designated for geriatric offenders with moderate medical issues and one 60-bed sheltered housing unit serves geriatric
offenders with more significant medical issues. State legislation, which established the Medically Recommended Intensive
Supervision Program, provides an alternative to continued incarceration for some geriatric offenders with significant
medical issues. NOTE: Texas reports that $641,736,146 represents that total medical expenditures for all state inmates (state
funds).
Number of elderly and/or infirmed inmates: 17,454 offenders age 55 or older
10 facilities that offer geriatric care
Number of state operated special needs facilities:
and 1 state-operated hospital

STATE INITIATIVES

IN-PRISON THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY (IPTC) This program is an intensive substance abuse Therapeutic
Community (TC) program for Correctional Institutions Division offenders who have an FI-5 vote from the Board of Pardons
and Paroles. It is a six-month, in-prison therapeutic community program divided into three phases: Phase I (Orientation),
Phase II (Main Treatment) and Phase III (Reentry). TC is a positive, self-contained environment where offenders who have
similar treatment needs live and work together toward a common goal of addiction recovery, positive behavior and life
change. Upon completion of the IPTC, offenders are released to the Continuum of Care through placement in Phase I -
Transitional Treatment Residential Services or Phase I-B - Outpatient Care Services for up to 90 days. Subsequent phases
consist of Phase II - Supportive Outpatient Services for up to nine months and Phase III - Support and Follow-Up for up to
twelve months. Offenders may also participate in peer support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Narcotics
Anonymous (NA), Cocaine Anonymous (CA), Winners' Circle, Secular Organization for Sobriety (SOS), or Recovery
Support Services (RSS). FY 16 expenditures totaled $20,663,077.
SUBSTANCE ABUSE FELONY PUNISHMENT FACILITIES (SAFPF) This program is an intensive substance abuse
treatment program for offenders on probation or parole. The program is operated in a TC setting and lasts six months in
most cases, but nine months for offenders with special needs. A judge sentences an offender to a SAFPF as a condition of
probation or as a modification of probation. The Board of Pardons and Paroles may also place an offender in the program as
a modification of parole supervision. The program is divided into three phases: Phase I (Orientation), Phase II (Main
Treatment) and Phase III (Reentry). The TC is a positive, self-contained environment where offenders who have similar
treatment needs live and work together toward a common goal of addiction recovery, positive behavior and life change.
Upon completion of the SAFPF, offenders are released to the Continuum of Care through placement in Phase I - Transitional
Treatment Residential Services or Phase I-B/4C - Outpatient Care Services for up to 90 days. Subsequent phases consist of
Phase II - Supportive Outpatient Services for up to nine months and Phase III - Support and Follow-Up for up to twelve
months. Offenders may also participate in peer support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Narcotics
Anonymous (NA), Cocaine Anonymous (CA), Winners' Circle, Secular Organization for Sobriety (SOS), or Recovery
Support Services (RSS). FY16 expenditures totaled $49,722,761.

STATE INITIATIVES

PRE-RELEASE SUBSTANCE ABUSE PROGRAM (PRSAP) This program is an intensive 6-month substance abuse
treatment program for offenders approved for parole contingent upon completion of this program. This program is
operated in a substance abuse treatment environment. The treatment modality is similar to the IPTC program in that it
consists of three in-prison phases: Phase I (Orientation), Phase II (Treatment), and Phase III (Reentry). Offenders released
from the PRSAP onto Parole supervision, and who have the appropriate special condition imposed by the Board of Pardons
and Paroles, are placed on a specialized Therapeutic Community (TC) caseload into Phase III - Support and Follow-Up for
six months. Offenders may also participate in peer support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Narcotics
Anonymous (NA), Cocaine Anonymous (CA), Winners' Circle, or Secular Organization for Sobriety (SOS). FY 16
expenditures totaled $1,370,995.
PRE-RELEASE THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY (PRTC) This program is an intensive 6-month therapeutic community
program for offenders approved for parole contingent upon completion of this program. This program is operated in a
therapeutic community environment. The PRTC is comprised of three primary tracks; education and vocational training,
substance abuse treatment and cognitive restructuring. The treatment modality is similar to the IPTC program in that it
consists of three in-prison phases: Phase I (Orientation), Phase II (Treatment), and Phase III (Reentry). Offenders released
from the PRTC onto Parole supervision, and who have the appropriate special condition imposed by the Board of Pardons
and Paroles, are placed on a specialized Therapeutic Community (TC) caseload into Phase III - Support and Follow-Up for
six months. Offenders may also participate in peer support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Narcotics
Anonymous (NA), Cocaine Anonymous (CA), Winners' Circle, or Secular Organization for Sobriety (SOS). FY 16
expenditures totaled $812,800.
IN-PRISON DRIVING WHILE INTOXICATED (DWI) RECOVERY PROGRAM This program is an intensive 6-month
program that addresses the scope of needs within the In-Prison DWI Recovery Program. The best-practice approach utilizes
a multimodal design that accommodates the diversity of needs presented in the population to maximize the potential of
success for each offender. The multimodal In-Prison DWI Recovery Program contains a variety of educational modules and
treatment activities, including group and individual therapy. A comprehensive treatment plan is developed for each
offender based on the results of an evaluation designed to assess the needs and risk of recidivating. A schedule of
appropriate interventions is included on the plan. Offenders that complete the 6-month DWI program may be required to

STATE INITIATIVES
participate in post-release substance abuse programming upon vendor recommendation and the appropriate special
condition imposed by the Board of Pardons and Paroles. FY 16 expenditures totaled $3,830,768.
STATE JAIL SUBSTANCE ABUSE PROGRAM (SJSAP) The SJSAP is designed as a multimodal program to accommodate
the diversity of offender characteristics and individual needs within this specific offender population. The program
structure is comprised as a one-track model that includes two tiers:
60- to 90-day Tier A 90-day program with the option to complete the program in 60 days based on documented evidence
of the offenders stage of readiness and progress. The program is designed to provide substance abuse treatment services
to offenders that meet the criteria of substance abuse. This tier shall encompass 15 hours per week of treatment delivered
through clinical groups and individual sessions, utilizing a curriculum validated to address the appropriate level of services
and comprehensive enough to address the offenders individual treatment needs.
90- to 120-day Tier A 120-day program with the option to complete the program in 90 days based on documented
evidence of the offenders stage of readiness and progress. The program is designed to provide substance abuse treatment
services to offenders that meet the criteria of substance dependence. This tier shall encompass 20 hours per week of
treatment delivered through clinical groups and individual sessions, utilizing a curriculum validated to address the
appropriate level of services and comprehensive enough to address the offenders individual treatment needs.
Offenders may also participate in peer support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Narcotics Anonymous (NA),
Cocaine Anonymous (CA), Winners' Circle, Secular Organization for Sobriety (SOS), or Recovery Support Services (RSS).
FY 16 expenditures totaled $2,734,794.
INTERMEDIATE SANCTION FACILITY (ISF) TREATMENT - ISF is a secure community residential facility and associated
programs within the State of Texas for the detention, training, education, rehabilitation and reformation of offenders
released onto supervision (community supervision, parole or mandatory supervision). ISF provides a two-track program
providing services in substance abuse treatment and cognitive intervention. The tracks are comprised as follows:
Track 1, Substance Abuse Treatment Program (two tiers):

Tier 1 - a 45-day relapse program for those In-Prison Therapeutic Community (IPTC) or Substance Abuse Felony
Punishment Facility (SAFPF) offenders that previously completed one of these programs.

STATE INITIATIVES

Tier 2 - a 90- to 120-day program with the option to complete the program in 90 days based on documented evidence of
the offenders stage of readiness and progress. The program is designed to provide substance abuse treatment services to
offenders that meet the criteria of substance dependence. This tier shall encompass 20 hours per week of treatment
delivered through clinical groups and individual sessions, utilizing a curriculum validated to address the appropriate level
of services and comprehensive enough to address the offenders individual treatment needs.
Offenders may also participate in peer support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Narcotics Anonymous (NA),
Cocaine Anonymous (CA), Winners' Circle, Secular Organization for Sobriety (SOS), or Recovery Support Services (RSS).
FY 16 expenditures totaled $2,734,794.
Track 2, Cognitive Intervention Program:

A cognitive intervention program not to exceed 90 days for those offenders identified by the approved assessment tool.


STATE INITIATIVES

Note: Substance Abuse Treatment Programs are also pre-release programs.
CORRECTIVE INTERVENTION PRE-RELEASE PROGRAM (CIPP) - The Corrective Intervention Pre-release Program is a
collaborative effort to provide programming to level 1, 2 and 3 administrative segregation offenders who are going to be
released to the community from administrative segregation. The behavioral issues that precipitated the placement in
segregation are likely associated with a higher risk of criminal behavior in the future as are the concomitant adjustment
issues that will result from their social isolation. The 90-day program curriculum includes a variety of topics (including
anger/stress management, social skills, healthy relationships, preparation for and maintaining employment, spirituality,
gang intervention, substance abuse, and limited basic education) utilizing cognitive intervention strategies, which are
developed to target criminogenic needs thereby impacting risk and enhancing reentry opportunities for the offenders upon
release. The program currently has a capacity of 197 offenders. The 90-day in-cell program works with pre-release
offenders. The intensity of the program is high and the importance of time with each offender is emphasized. The program
utilizes technology to make the most efficient use of staff time to present concepts in a virtual classroom environment.
SERIOUS AND VIOLENT OFFENDER REENTRY INITIATIVE (SVORI) PROGRAM The SVORI program is a pre-release
program that provides in-cell programming for male offenders assigned to and releasing directly from administrative
segregation. The program is designed to reduce recidivism by better preparing and assisting offenders confined to
administrative segregation to successfully reenter their communities. The offenders nature of offense does not have to be a
violent offense to be eligible for the program. Offenders may be placed in the program as a result of a Parole Board vote; or
the offender may volunteer for the program if he is eligible for mandatory supervision release or flat discharge. The
curriculum addresses the leading causes of recidivism: anger management, thinking errors, substance abuse, life skills,
employment and re-engaging into society. Offenders with the parole stipulation of SVORI aftercare may participate in a
continuum of care through a Parole District Reentry Center (DRC) upon release. FY 16 expenditures totaled $631,674 for
CIPP and SVORI Combined.

STATE INITIATIVES
INNERCHANGE FREEDOM INITIATIVE (IFI) is a faith-based, pre-release program at the Carol Vance Unit in Richmond,
Texas through a coordinated effort between TDCJ and Prison Fellowship Ministries and involves the use of many
community volunteers. The program emphasizes restorative justice, by which the offender works to restore himself, his
family, his victims, and his community. The IFI Program consists of a 30-day orientation, 18 months of programming, and a
minimum of 6 months of aftercare programming upon the offenders release. Offenders selected for participation are from
Harris, Dallas, Bexar and surrounding counties. This program is privately funded by Prison Fellowship Ministries.
SEX OFFENDER EDUCATION PROGRAM (SOEP-4) is a 4-month, low-intensity program designed to assist sex offenders
assessed to pose a low sexual reoffense risk. SOEP-4 employs a cognitive intervention model utilizing psychoeducational
classes. The format of SOEP-4 is didactic and is intended to provide the information necessary to impact offenders lacking
knowledge as necessary to effect change in their patterns of thinking. FY16 expenditures totaled $161,775.
SEX OFFENDER TREATMENT PROGRAM (SOTP-9) is a nine-month moderate intensity treatment program designed to
assist sex offenders assessed to pose a moderate sexual reoffense risk. The SOTP-9 employs a cognitive-behavioral model
and includes psychoeducational classes as well as group and individual therapy designed to facilitate acceptance of
responsibility, acknowledgement of deviant patterns, and development of needed interventions to correct patterns and
resolve underlying issues.

STATE INITIATIVES
SEX OFFENDER TREATMENT PROGRAM (SOTP-18) is an eighteen-month high intensity treatment program designed to
assist sex offenders assessed to pose a high sexual reoffense risk. The SOTP-18 employs a cognitive-behavioral model and
includes psychoeducational classes as well as group and individual therapy in a Therapeutic Community. The enhanced
intensity of Therapeutic Community and additional group assignments regarding their patterns as well as a focus on
enhancing victim empathy are designed for offenders of higher risk and need. The primary goal of this program is to
reduce the rate of reoffense and move the participant toward a more pro-social lifestyle. FY 16 expenditures for SOTP-9 and
SOTP-18 combined totaled $2,869,658.
OUR ROADWAY TO FREEDOM (ORTF) PROGRAM is a six-month program for offenders that volunteer to participate in
an intervention and recovery program. The program targets offenders with a past or current prostitution charge, or who
self-report a history of prostitution or associated activities, domestic violence or identify as victims of human trafficking.
The curriculum provides cognitive intervention, life skills, conflict resolution, recognition of victimization, trauma support
and personal safety. ORTF includes modules on addiction, affect regulation, healthy relationships, appropriate boundaries,
dress and behavior, hygiene and legal/financial responsibilities. The program is housed at Plane State Jail with a bed
capacity of 114 offenders. For FY 16, 326 offenders completed the program. FY 16 expenditures totaled $82,316.
BABY AND MOTHER BONDING INITIATIVE (BAMBI) - This program partners the TDCJ Rehabilitation Programs
Division with the Health Services Division, Correctional Institutions Division, the University of Texas Medical Branch and
the Santa Maria Hostel, Inc., to provide child development education and training in a residential facility for up to 20 new
mothers. The program allows offender mothers and their newborns time to form a healthy attachment in a secure setting.
The offender receives child development education, life skills, infant first aid and CPR, nutrition, peer recovery, cognitive
skills, anger management and family reunification sessions. Additional programming may include substance abuse
education and GED classes. During FY 16 42 women completed the program. FY 16 expenditures totaled $654,006.

STATE INITIATIVES
FEMALE COGNITIVE PRE-RELEASE PROGRAM (FCPRP) FCPRP is PRTC for women, providing cognitive-behavioral
programming for female offenders who are within 6 months of release and who demonstrate a willingness to maintain
appropriate behavior to benefit from the offered programming. The program is designed to effectively manage the behavior
of offenders who have served long-term sentences by providing opportunities for behavioral changes through faith-based
and secular programming, motivating participants to change, and thus reducing the recidivism rate. The didactic and
therapeutic interventions are designed to impact the cognitive distortions associated with previous destructive and illegal
behaviors, as well as the underlying issues that continue to support and perpetuate maladaptive decision making. The
program, designed to impact criminogenic risk factors, includes developing or enhancing basic life skills intended to help
the participant to function successfully upon return to society. The program offers opportunities to practice prosocial
behaviors in a controlled environment and better understand personal triggers that lead to inappropriate behaviors,
including promiscuity, alcohol abuse or substance abuse. In addition, topics range from personal budgeting and banking,
resume development, substance abuse education, anger management, family relationships, domestic violence awareness,
criminal thinking, victim awareness and the impact of crime on victims, and basic literacy education. The program is
augmented by support groups and self-help educational materials. Utilizing a gender-responsive, trauma-informed,
cognitive-behavioral curriculum developed to meet the treatment needs of female offenders in correctional settings, the
program is delivered by skilled practitioners trained in the delivery of this specific curriculum and evaluated to ensure that
current, researched modalities for effective treatment delivery are utilized.
OTHER PROGRAMMING:
ADMINISTRATIVE SEGREGATION TRANSITION PROGRAM (ASTP) ASTP is a method of assisting offenders in the
transition from administrative segregation to the general population environment. The process involves three phases over
4 months and entails a period of acclimation to work on emotional balance, beliefs, dysfunctional thinking patterns, life and
coping skills, problem solving, and building/maintaining appropriate and healthy relationships.

STATE INITIATIVES
ADMINISTRATIVE SEGREGATION DIVERSION PROGRAM (ASDP) ASDP is a method of allowing confirmed Security
Threat Group members the immediate opportunity to renounce their previously established gang affiliation immediately
upon their return to TDCJ custody. The process involves three phases and entails a period of acclimation to work on
emotional balance, beliefs, dysfunctional thinking patterns, life and coping skills, problem solving, and
building/maintaining appropriate and healthy relationships. Additionally, offenders may have up to one month of
orientation prior to beginning Phase I.
SOUTHWESTERN BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY (SWBTS) AT THE DARRINGTON UNIT offers a four-year
accredited bachelor degree at no expense to the offenders. The program is provided through collaboration between the
TDCJ and SWBTS. This program is available to offenders of all faith preferences or no faith preference. The curriculum is
focused on equipping men for ministry in such a way that they will be able to assist in teaching, preaching and ministering
to the population within TDCJ. Admission requirements are such that upon graduation, the offender will have a significant
number of years remaining on his sentence and he agrees to spend those years in ministry service within TDCJ to teach,
mentor, counsel, advise, guide, and encourage the moral rehabilitation of other offenders within TDCJ.
FAITH-BASED DORMS - Faith-based dorms were implemented in March 1997 and have expanded to 92 facilities. There are
111 faith-based dorms, with a total of 7,500 beds statewide. FBD offers support for offenders who desire to incorporate
religious faith and practice in a group setting. FBD offers a curriculum to assist with successful reentry into the local
community and/or rehabilitation needs in order to effect improved institutional adjustment. The programming is
conducted by local faith-based and community volunteers whose activities are directed by the unit chaplain and unit
administration.
GANG RENOUNCEMENT AND DISASSOCIATION (GRAD) The GRAD program (9 months) provides a safe and secure
environment for offenders who choose to voluntarily renounce their gang affiliation by affording a structured process that
will furnish the proper tools to reintegrate offenders into general population. The goal of GRAD is disassociation from the
Security Threat Group through providing tools for anger management, criminal addictive behavior, other cognitive skills,
and substance abuse intervention.

STATE INITIATIVES
CIVIL COMMITMENT TREATMENT PROGRAM is a pre-release program designed to prepare offenders that have been
civilly committed as sexually violent predators for transfer to the Texas Civil Commitment Center upon release from TDCJ
custody. The capacity is dependent upon the number of qualifying participants and duration of the program is dependent
upon the time each has to participate but shall not exceed 18 months.
WRAPAROUND is the mission of the Female Offender WrapAround Program to provide a strong continuum of care
component designed to meet the unique needs of female offenders to promote successful and meaningful reentry into the
community through a multi-level system of case management. WrapAround is a transitional assistance program for female
offenders being released from Plane State Jail. Eligible offenders meet with community resource providers prior to release.
Community resources are committed to providing assistance that meet specific needs (housing, education, job skills,
counseling, female health and wellness issues, physical and sexual abuse intervention, substance abuse treatment, etc.), as
well as making referrals to other agencies when necessary.
VOLUNTEER INITIATIVES
In addition to the above programs, the TDCJ Rehabilitation Programs Division oversees volunteer initiatives. During FY
16, the TDCJ had 26,500 approved volunteers that provided volunteer services to the agency. Examples of substance abuse
programs provided by volunteers included, but are not limited to: Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous,
Christians Against Substance Abuse, Celebrate Recovery, and Overcomers. These programs are funded by the volunteers.
POST SECONDARY EDUCATION ACADEMIC AND VOCATION PROGRAMS - The purpose of offering post-secondary
programs in TDCJ is to give offenders an opportunity for rehabilitation by developing their mental skills and providing
marketable job training skills so they can re-enter society as successful productive citizens. Career and technical training
also addresses the TDCJ's need for qualified offender workers. Post-secondary programs are provided through contracts
with colleges and universities serving the geographic areas where units are located. Offenders wishing to participate in
these post-secondary programs must meet the criteria for admission of each college or university. The TDCJ has criteria that
must also be met, and offenders must receive security and classification clearance before entry into the programs.

STATE INITIATIVES
REENTRY AND INTEGRATION DIVISION provides reentry services for eligible offenders through a three-phase program.
Reentry case managers conduct screenings and contact eligible offenders to engage them in each phase. The case manager
arranges referrals to meet the highest priority needs and provides resources to help the offender in addressing other lower
priority needs. This program is designed to address offender needs in areas identified as keys to successful reentry
including: identification, housing, employment and education, health care, substance abuse, transportation, clothing, food,
and amenities, financial resources and support systems.
During Reentry Phase I a reentry case manager will assist eligible offenders in ordering a replacement social security card,
certified birth certificate, DD214 Certificate of Release or Discharge from Active Duty and Texas identification card. The
identification documents are ordered prior to release and issued to the offender at the time of release from TDCJ. These
documents equip the offender with the identification information necessary to secure employment, housing, benefits and
other services upon return to the community.
Reentry Phase II includes assessment and reentry planning. A case manager conducts a risk assessment to determine an
offenders risk level as it relates to criminogenic need and risk of reoffending. The assessment is completed using the Texas
Risk Assessment System Reentry Tool or Supplemental Reentry Tool. Those scoring moderate or high risk receive
individual case planning by a reentry case manager. The case manager works in conjunction with the offender to develop
an individualized reentry plan that identifies and prioritize needs, goals, action steps and referrals/resources targeted
toward equipping the offender for successful return to the community. The individual reentry plan is shared with the
supervising parole officer and post-release, or community, case manager to ensure continuity in the elimination of barriers
post-release.
Reentry Phase III is available to clients enrolled in Phase II pre-release, or those with moderate or high risk assessment
scores who are self-referred or referred by a parole officer. Clients receive individual case management as well as
employment classes and job fair services to assist in eliminating barriers to successful reentry.

STATE INITIATIVES
TEXAS CORRECTIONAL OFFICE ON OFFENDERS WITH MEDICAL AND MENTAL IMPAIRMENTS (TCOOMMI)
CONTINUITY OF CARE (COC) PROGRAM provides pre-release screening and referral to aftercare treatment services for
special needs offenders referred from the Correctional Institutions Division, state jails, SAFPF's, local jails, or other referral
sources. Special needs offenders are defined as those diagnosed as mentally ill, intellectually disabled, physically and
developmentally disabled, having serious and terminal illnesses, requiring long-term care and the elderly. Through
contracts with Mental Health and Mental Retardation (MHMR) service providers and Memorandums of Understanding
with State Health and Human Service agencies, the Social Security Administration and Veteran's Administration, COC
services include but are not limited to the following: service coordination for aftercare services, joint treatment planning
and benefits eligibility services and applications.
The COC referral process begins up to six months prior to the offender's release into the community. Upon receipt of the
referral, service providers review medical and psychiatric records to determine aftercare needs, schedule clinic
appointments and begin the application process for state and/or federal benefits/entitlements. TCOOMMI is updated on
the status of each referral through 30-day post-release reports.
PAROLE DIVISION - TDCJ provides programs and services to offenders who have been identified and assessed with needs
for specific program placement while incarcerated. COC is established to assist in the individuals successful Reentry into
society upon program completion and release. COC is a system that provides uninterrupted essential services to
individuals entering, within and exiting the system. True continuity of care requires intra- and inter-agency coordination
and information sharing, as well as pre- and post-admission and release treatment planning. The TDCJ-Parole Division
offers the following programming based on the offenders needs:
DISTRICT REENTRY CENTER (DRC) PROGRAM - DRC is designed to address the reentry needs of offenders by
providing a continuum of care through organized programming within approved district parole offices. Core programming
for DRCs consists of: cognitive intervention, substance abuse education, anger management, victim impact panel classes,
and pre-employment preparation classes for unemployed offenders. An offenders program requirements are based on
his/her individual needs and special conditions. Programming is provided by trained parole officers and volunteers.

STATE INITIATIVES
SEX OFFENDER (SO) PROGRAM - Prior to a sex offenders release to supervision, parole officers are responsible for
approving a sponsor and residence plan. Visits to the proposed residence are conducted in-person to meet with the sponsor
to ensure the residence is a viable home plan and that the sponsors are aware of relevant risk factors. Parole officers also
ensure that the residence does not conflict with any conditions of release, such as child safety zones for certain sex offenders
and that there is a sex offender treatment provider within a reasonable driving distance. Upon an offenders release, if sex
offender treatment or sex offender evaluation conditions are imposed, the offender is provided with a list of available
treatment providers in their approved residence area. During the initial visits with the community-based parole officer, the
offender will be provided with a specific referral to sex offender treatment or evaluation, whichever applies.
The Parole Division manages the SO Program using the Containment Approach. This approach uses team management to
verify offenders compliance to assist in the offenders success. The team includes the parole officer, sex offender treatment
provider and the polygraph examiner. Sex offenders are supervised at different levels based on their initial level of risk.
Each level of risk has specific contact standards. Sex offenders are supervised by specially trained parole officers.
The Parole Division contracts statewide with sex offender treatment providers and polygraph examiners in order to
subsidize services for offenders who are determined indigent, who otherwise could not afford to pay for their treatment.
The subsidy program allows for partial payment for weekly treatment groups and evaluations (initial and annual).
Polygraphs are paid in full for offenders who have been determined to be indigent. The subsidy program is intended to be
short-term to assist offenders who are just released from prison and for those who do not have the financial means for these
services. Officers work closely with the sex offender treatment providers and polygraph examiners to identify and address
high-risk behaviors to increase offender compliance and to assist in the offenders reentry in the community.
SPECIAL NEEDS OFFENDER PROGRAM (SNOP) - Serves the mentally ill, intellectually disabled, physically handicapped,
terminally ill, and elderly. The COC for SNOP is administered by the Reentry and Integrations Division (RID), TCOOMMI
for the parole division. Some funding for TCOOMMI is provided by TDCJ - Parole Division as well as RID. These offenders
may be identified at any point of the criminal justice process or while in prison.

STATE INITIATIVES
SPECIAL NEEDS OFFENDER CONTINUITY OF CARE (COC) is a system that provides uninterrupted essential services to
individuals entering, within and exiting the system. The offenders are identified by TCOOMMI while in custody within a
county jail, Intermediate Sanction Facility or while incarcerated. Those offenders who are mentally ill and diagnosed with a
priority diagnosis of Bipolar, Major Depression or Schizophrenia are monitored by TCOOMMI until release. Prior to release
an intake/evaluation appointment is coordinated by TCOOMMI with the local MHMR center that will provide services to
the offender. The offender and field parole staff are provided appointment information prior to release and the offender's
treatment plan will be forwarded to the treating MHMR and the assigned parole officer. The offender will be placed on the
SNOP caseload and maintain monthly contact with the MHMR service provider and/or the Human Service Specialist
(HSS) worker regarding terminally ill and physically handicapped offenders. This system relies on contracted local MHMR
agencies as well as the department of Human Services contract staff to assess an offenders aftercare needs. These agencies
will also make referrals to appropriate community resources prior to an offenders release. Upon release, the contracted
staff will facilitate the offenders engagement with community resources.
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY (TC) PROGRAM is a substance abuse aftercare treatment program which administers a
range of therapeutic, outpatient, and resource programs for those offenders released from an IPTC Program or SAFPF. Pre-
release programming includes a six- to nine-month program followed up with aftercare components upon the offenders
release. Aftercare is based on a continuum of care model incorporating a three-phase transitional process that eases the
offender from the prison into society. The aftercare continuum begins with a residential or intensive outpatient program,
followed by a supportive outpatient program administered through contracted vendors throughout the state. The
continuum concludes with a support and follow-up period. Offenders in all phases of the Therapeutic Community COC are
required to attend no less than two community based support groups per week and one peer support group per week, as
well as undergo monthly urinalysis testing. Offender supervision while on the program is additionally enhanced by
placement on the caseload of specially trained Therapeutic Community Officers who supervise and assist the offender
throughout all phases of the program.

STATE INITIATIVES
RESIDENTIAL REENTRY CENTER (RRC) PROGRAM - Some offenders lack family and community resources in their
county of residence. For those offenders requiring an alternative to the home plan, the Parole Divisions Review and
Release Processing Section, Huntsville Placement and Release Unit, assists in making a residential reentry center placement.
Residential reentry center facilities help to ease the transition from prison life to community life, which may include
transitional services to promote responsibility and success.
TEMPORARY HOUSING ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (THAP) - If an offender lacks residential resources or does not have a
residential reentry center in their legal county of residence, THAP is a TDCJ assistance program for offenders released or
eligible for release to supervision and provides approved temporary post-release housing where available.
WINDHAM SCHOOL DISTRICT offers a 60-day, cognitive-based life skills program designed to prepare offenders for
release. The pre-release program is entitled Changing Habits and Achieving New Goals to Empower Success (CHANGES).
The CHANGES Program consists of lessons in personal development, healthy relationships, living responsibly, drug
education, living well, putting together a new start, and going home. These practical, everyday issues are explored within
the context of developing self-esteem, a positive mental attitude, accurate thinking for self-assessment and life planning,
self-discipline, appropriate interpersonal skills, and values definition and clarification. Offenders who are within two years
of projected release are eligible to participate in the program. The program is funded through Windham School District. A
pre-/post-test has been implemented as a performance measure. Windham also works with outside employers in fields
related to Windham vocational training to place former students in jobs once they are released. Employer needs and
vocational industry certifications are matched to assist the former students obtaining employment. Note: Stats are as of
10/31/16. The information includes the pre-release programs listed above and those in Windham School District programs. However the
information does not include offenders in substance abuse treatment programs or other programming. That information is counted in
the substance abuse treatment section.

Number of individuals enrolled in a post-release program: 27,788
VIRGINIA PROFILE
VIRGINIA CORRECTIONS PROFILE

A. Robbery
B. Rape/Sexual Assault
C. Assault
Percentage White 38%
Percentage Black 59%
Percentage Hispanic 3%
Percentage Other <1%
Percentage Male 92%
Percentage Female 8%
and/or Emotional Health Conditions: N/A
(State Reported 30,196 inmates/10,136 confined to DOC facilities)
Inmates Executed in FY 16: 1 inmate


Expiration of Sentence N/A
Parole 382 inmates
Death 96 inmates
Other (Includes court order, death and other) 27 inmates
Method by Which "Goodtime" is Calculated: (State responsible confined offender is eligible to
receive sentence credits through good conduct, program participation, etc.)
Admission N/A
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A
VIRGINIA currently does not segregate or isolate AIDS/HIV inmates.

Number of Known Hepatitis C Cases: N/A


Admission N/A
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A
VIRGINIA currently does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates.
The VIRGINIA Department of Corrections (VDOC) is not currently under a federal or state court order.

STATE INITIATIVES
Deerfield Correctional Center is a level 2 minimum-security institution housing 1,100 male prisoners. This institutions
medical department operates 24 hours a day. There are on-site dental, lab, and x-ray services. The facility has an 18-bed
infirmary and a 57-bed assisted living unit. The clinical operation consists of MD call, nurse sick call, and chronic care
clinics five days a week. After hour emergency care is provided by on-site nursing staff and the local emergency room as
indicated. The medical director is available on-call. Mental health services are provided by the psychology staff on-site five
days a week and also by on-call services. Services and clinical activities provided by the medical department include
ongoing patient assessments by means of doctor and nurse sick call, psychological evaluations, intake assessments, and
annual physicals. The health care staff provide one-on-one counseling, patient teaching, discharge planning, treatments and
medication administration. The Infirmary and Assisted Living Unit is staffed 24 hours per day with licensed nursing staff
as well as nursing assistants. The medical unit servicing the general population is also staffed 24/7 with licensed nursing
staff and nursing supervisors. The staff works eight and twelve hour shifts.

STATE INITIATIVES

VDOC has produced several three-year outcome studies that provide a general recidivism rate for all offenders. In general,
because of difficulties in identifying the substance abusing offender population subset (formal assessment information was
not available for use in the study) the state does not do a comparison. Over time this may become more feasible with
VDOC's new assessment instrument and new offender management system. The substance abuse treatment programs and
related services provided by VDOC are as follows:
The Matrix Model This program is an evidence-based intensive outpatient treatment modality. Treatment professionals at
The Matrix Institute drew from numerous treatment approaches, incorporating into their model methods that were
empirically tested and practical. The treatment model consists of four components: early recovery, relapse prevention,
family education and support groups.
Cognitive Therapeutic Communities (CTCs) The CTC program is an intensive residential treatment model designed to
address substance addiction, criminal thinking and anti-social behaviors. The CTC model utilizes social learning theory
and affords offenders an opportunity to use the skills they are taught through programming. Programming focuses on
cognitive behavioral therapy targeting the thought process and substance abuse along with other criminogenic needs. The
CTC Model provides a laboratory for offenders to practice new cognitive behavioral patterns in a supportive environment.
Thinking for a Change (T4C) - The T4C curriculum uses, as its core, a problem solving program integrating both cognitive
restructuring and social skills interventions. While each of the concepts is presented systemically, the participants ideally
learn that cognitive restructuring requires cognitive skills methods. This closed group program consists of 25 lessons and
includes role-plays, presentations, homework assignments, discussion, and group participation.
Hign Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA)/Start Today A New Direction (STAND) This program is a sentencing
alternative for drug abusing offenders and technical violators under supervision. Client advocates provide participants
with intensive case management services and multi-level modalities of substances abuse treatment.

STATE INITIATIVES

Behavioral Correction Program These program participants are a subset of the CTC program. This program is a
sentencing option for offenders with substance abuse needs. Judges are able to place offenders directly into the CTC.
Probation and parole officers assist with the referral process to determine that the offender meets the criteria. Judges
imposes full sentences with a minimum of three years to serve. Offenders are processed into the CTC program for a
minimum of 24 months.
Peer Support Groups In both institutions and Community Corrections, peer support groups such as Narcotics
Anonymous (NA) and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) are provided by volunteers. These self help groups provide support to
enhance relapse prevention efforts. In September 2005, the Department submitted the Report on Substance Abuse
Treatment Programs that contained research information on the effectiveness of the Therapeutic Communities and
contractual residential Substance Abuse (SA) treatment programs. The finding from these studies suggests that VDOCs SA
treatment programs, when properly funded and implemented, are able to reduce recidivism for the substance abusing
offender population. Due to a lack of evaluation resources, more up-to-date formal studies are not available. However, a
one-year recommitment status check is performed annually for the CTC participants. The latest one completed was for the
calendar year 2010 cohort and indicated that the recommitment rate was 7%. Since this status check is not a formal outcome
evaluation, caution should be exercised in the interpretation of the data.
Participants in substance abuse treatment programs are tracked. Most of the tracking is done in VirginiaCORIS, VDOCs
offender management system, but an additional data collection system CAMUS, is also used for the CTC participants.
Note: Treatment services expenditures have remained steady for the last few fiscal years at approximately $5,230,000.

Number of state operated facilities with prison-based substance abuse treatment programs: N/A
Total cost for prison-based substance programs: See Note Above ($ state funds)

STATE INITIATIVES

Virginia offers three different programs targeted to different security level offenders. Lowest Level 1 offenders receive a 4-
month Reentry program called Road to Success. Levels 2 and 3 begin reentry preparation at 1 year from release at a site
near their releasing jurisdiction including the last six months in a Cognitive Community Intensive Reentry Program. Levels
4 and 5 offenders are offered reentry programming based upon their institutional behavior and allows additional privileges
for participating. Approximately 85-90% of discharged inmates from July 1, 2014, to June 30, 2015, completed reentry
programming. The 4-month program for Level 1 offenders may culminate in work release opportunities for some. For most
(Level 2/3) this is a year-long program with an intensive last six months in a Cognitive Community modality. Level 4/5
offenders may start some reentry activities between 1-2 years prior to release.
Scheduled classes for release preparation are offered. Intensive Reentry for most offenders is 12 months, 5 days per month,
8 hours per class. Cognitive Community is for six months prior to release. For higher security offender reentry, the
counselor usually goes to the offenders cell at six-months to a year prior to release and talks about reentry issues and tries
to work out any potential problems. Group sessions are restricted to 5 offenders at a time in a secured location to complete
the Thinking for a Change curriculum or other reentry curriculum.
Components offered in the reentry program include: education, job readiness, community resources, housing, substance
abuse, rules of post-release supervision, family reunification, cognitive behavior, health care, mental health, and personal
identification. In addition, nearly all localities in Virginia are at some stage of establishing a local reentry council. Support
services include: housing, employment, education, benefits, medical and mental health services, financial obligations, and
veterans services.

WEST VIRGINIA PROFILE
WEST VIRGINIA CORRECTIONS PROFILE

Average Age at Commitment: N/A
Total Number of Inmates 50 Years or Older: N/A
Average Sentence for New Commitments (excluding life sentences): N/A
Average Time Served by Those Released: N/A
A. Sex Offenses/Forcible
B. Homicide
C. Burglary/Breaking and Entering
Inmates Serving Death Sentences: N/A
Inmates Executed in FY 16: N/A
Inmates Serving Twenty (20) Years or More: N/A
Inmates that Have Already Served Twenty (20) Years of Their Current Sentences: N/A

Expiration of Sentence 841
Goodtime N/A
Death 23 inmates
Other (Includes court order, death and other) 379 inmates
Total 3,260 inmates
Admission N/A
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A
Systems Frequency of Testing: Upon Request
WEST VIRGINIA currently does not segregate or isolate AIDS/HIV inmates.


Admission N/A
Random N/A
Incident N/A
High Risk Group N/A
Systems Frequency of Testing: Upon Request
WEST VIRGINIA currently does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates.
The WEST VIRGINIA Department of Corrections (WVDOC) is not currently under federal or state court orders.

STATE INITIATIVES
WVDOC cannot provide numbers on state funds at this time. No legislation has been enacted to address the issue. Some
facilities in WV do have units where they try to house the elderly together.
Number of elderly and/or infirmed inmates: 98 over age 70

WVDOC has the following prison-based substance abuse treatment programs: Alcohol and Drug Education, Treatment,
and Relapse Prevention (ALADRUE), Helping Women Recover and Therapeutic Communities. ALADRUE was developed
to address the needs of incarcerated offenders who have used, abused, or are addicted to drugs and alcohol. The premise of
this program is to teach the participants the components of physical effects of drugs and alcohol on the body, the disease of
addiction and effective recovery programming. Helping Women Recover is a treatment program for women who are
recovering from substance abuse and psychological trauma in correctional settings. It is based on guidelines for
comprehensive treatment for women established by the federal governments Center of Substance Abuse Treatment
(CSAT). Therapeutic Community (TC) program model is based on correctional programs operating nationally that have
achieved success in producing safer, more secure living units and lower recidivism rates. The TCs were created in all
designated facilities' treatment units. These identified TCs will guide and direct the power of social learning as the means
to re-socialize a substance abusing criminal population. Currently WVDOC does not compare recidivism rates for those in
these programs to those in general population


STATE INITIATIVES

WVDOC programs are focused on improving the offenders chances at successful reentry by offering services such as
ALADRUE, Womens Classes, Crime Victim Awareness, and DUI/DWI Flex Modules. WVDOC also allows inmates to
attend outside Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous meetings at various community locations. Inmates are
given names and locations of places where they can attend substance abuse meetings and get assistance finding jobs.
WVDOC recently hired a Housing Coordinator to help inmates find employment/housing. There has not yet been a study
to see how these programs affect the recidivism rate in WV, but hopefully one will be conducted in the near future.

SOURCES
Sources
The population information used in this report was obtained from the following areas:
1) Bureau of Justice Statistics, Prison Inmates at Mid-Year Report Release Date: December 2006.
2) Bureau of Justice Statistics, Prison Inmates at Mid-Year Report Release Date: December 2016.
3) Population figures as of July 1, 2005. Source: Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Inmate population figures
as of December 31, 2005.
4) Population figures as of July 1, 2015. Source: Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Inmate population figures
as of December 31, 2015.

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ADULT CORRECTIONAL SYSTEMS

A Report Submitted to the

Southern Legislative Conference Council of State Governments

John D. Carpenter John A. Alario, Jr., President

Prepared by: Taylor F. Barras, Speaker

I. Inmate Population Trends and Incarceration Rates 1-6

II. Prison and Jail Capacities . 7 - 15

III. Budgetary Issues . 16 - 20

IV. Staffing Patterns and Select Inmate Characteristics 21 - 30

V. Projected Costs of New Prisons . 31 - 33

VI. Probation and Parole . 34 - 39

VIII. Prison Industries . 42 - 45

Table 1 Historical Trend Data of Adult Inmate Population (State Facilities) ..

Chart 1 Change in Inmate Population

ALABAMA 25,447 24,203 497.67 9 -0.4% 0.6% -2.4% -4.9%

KENTUCKY (c) 12,622 12,654 285.19 1 -0.6% -7.9% -1.6% 0.3%

NORTH CAROLINA 37,386 36,429 359.02 5 -2.4% -6.4% -0.7% -2.6%

TEXAS 147,924 146,985 527.54 11 -1.8% -1.8% -1.8% -0.6%

TOTAL 569,675 564,138 467.15 -0.7% -0.8% -1.2% -1.0%

ALABAMA 24,780 24,203 (577) -2.4%

KENTUCKY 14,493 12,654 (1,839) -14.5%

NORTH CAROLINA 37,467 36,429 (1,038) -2.8%

TEXAS 152,474 146,985 (5,489) -3.7%

TOTAL /AVERAGE 558,232 564,138 5,906 1.0%

SLC AVG! 1.0%!

-30.0%! -20.0%! -10.0%! 0.0%! 10.0%! 20.0%! 30.0%!

ALABAMA 24,203 1,767 25,970 534.00 9

KENTUCKY 12,654 11,717 24,371 549.27 11

NORTH CAROLINA (b) 36,429 0 36,429 359.02 1

TEXAS (b) 146,985 0 146,985 527.54 7

TOTAL 564,138 53,694 617,832 511.61

NORTH CAROLINA! 36,429!

SOUTH CAROLINA! 21,259!

WEST VIRGINIA! 7,031!

0! 20,000! 40,000! 60,000! 80,000! 100,000! 120,000! 140,000! 160,000!

ALABAMA (a) 24,203 13,318 182%

KENTUCKY (c) 12,654 12,034 105%

NORTH CAROLINA 36,429 41,869 87%

TEXAS (h) 146,985 155,702 94%

TOTAL / AVERAGE 564,138 572,549 99%

Level One Level Two Level Three Community Based Other

Community Based, 3.1%!

Level One, 22.7%!

Level Three, 19.0%!

Level Two, 53.3%!

Total Maximum Percent Number of (Average)

ALABAMA (a) N/A N/A N/A 1,767 N/A N/A

KENTUCKY (f) 21,931 19,611 111.8% 11,717 $35.91 $13,107

NORTH CAROLINA (c)(i) N/A N/A 0 0 N/A N/A

TEXAS (c) 65,793 93,335 70.5% 0 N/A N/A

TOTAL / AVERAGE (o) 279,250 239,074 53,694 $30.35 $11,078.17

KENTUCKY (c) $214,386 $297,443 $298,054 $288,433 39.03% 0.21%

NORTH CAROLINA $1,227,054 $1,523,054 $1,522,410 $1,612,169 24.07% -0.04%

TEXAS $2,593,370 $3,112,938 $3,403,017 $3,433,573 31.22% 9.32%

TOTAL / AVERAGE $11,411,979 $13,599,017 $14,363,098 $14,315,783 25.86% 5.62%

ALABAMA N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A $17,407 $48

KENTUCKY $18,996 $21,335 $32,339 $11,915 N/A $23,452 $64

NORTH CAROLINA $34,573 $30,116 $26,513 N/A N/A $30,400 $83

TEXAS $19,528 $21,324 $23,029 $0 $0 $22,366 $62

AVERAGE $22,584 $22,019 $19,876 $16,860 $21,319 $21,181 $60

$0 ! $10 ! $20 ! $30 ! $40 ! $50 ! $60 ! $70 ! $80 ! $90 !

ALABAMA $467,000 25,970 $17,982 12 4,863,300 $96.03 13

KENTUCKY $298,054 24,371 $12,230 15 4,436,974 $67.18 15

NORTH CAROLINA $1,522,410 36,429 $41,791 1 10,146,788 $150.04 1