Professional Documents
Culture Documents
437
M253
SMC
I
KARL
N O T E S
ON
I N D I A N H I S T O R Y
( 6 6 4 - 1 8 5 8 )
SECOND I M P R E S S I O N
Page
LAST PERIOD, 1823-1858 (EXTINCTION OF THE EAST INDIA
COMPANY) 125
(1) Lord Amherst's Administration, 1823-1828 125
(2) Lord William Bentinck's Administration, 1828-1835 . . . 127
(3) Sir Charles Metcalfe, Provisionally Governor-General,
1835-1836 130
(4) Lord Auckland's Administration, 1836-1842 130
(5) Lord Ellenborough's (Elephant's) Administration, 1842
1844 140
(6) Lord Hardinge's Administration, 1844-1848 143
First Sikh War, 1845-1846 144
(7) Lord Dalhousie's Administration, 1848-1856 145
Second Sikh War, 1848 146
(8) Lord Canning's Administration, 1856-1858 149
Persian War, 1856-1857 149
The Sepoy Revolt, 1857-1858 150
INDEX 158
MAPS
(1) India in 1525
(2) The Mogul Empire at the Time of Its Greatest Expansion
(3) India and Adjacent Countries
PREFACE TO THE RUSSIAN EDITION
Institute of Marxism-Leninism
of the C.C., C.P.S.U.
NOTES ON INDIAN HISTORY
1211-1236Shamsuddin Altamsh.
1217. Enormous army of Mongols under Genghis Khan (b.
1
1164 ), coming from Turan, attacked Khwarezm, gal-
lantly defended by Jalal Uhe Shah's son ] as far as the
banks of the Indus, whither he was pushed. As none
of the princes supported him, fearing the Mongols, he
collected a bandofKakars, and plundered far and wide.
Then Genghis Khan sent large army into Naziruddin's
territory of Multan and Sind and ravaged them; when
the Mongols had withdrawn across the Indus, Shamsud-
din Altamsh took advantage of the condition of the
country to attack, conquer, and annex it.
1225. Shamsuddin conquered Bihar and Malwa, and was
1232recognized as King throughout Hindustan proper; he
died in 1236 at the zenith of his power, and was suc-
ceeded
1236by his son Rukneddin; in the same year he was deposed
by his sisterl who seized throne.
1236-1239. Sultana Razia; her love affair with an Abyssi-
nian slave at the court outraged court nobles; A Itunia,
Chief of Bhatinda, revolted, took her prisoner, she
fell in love with him and married him; he then led
army to Delhi; nobles defeated him, put her to death;
she was succeeded by her brother
1239-1241Muizzuddin Bahram, terrible despot; he was
murdered; succeeded by Rukneddin's son
1241-1246A la-uddin Mas'ud; assassinated. Throne now
went to a grandson of Shamsuddin Altamsh and son of
Muizzuddin Bahram
1246-1266Naziruddin Mahmud. Slave named Ghiyasuddin
Balban was his minister; this Balban formed powerful
border confederacy to repel Mogul (Mongol) attacks,
and defeated many of the minor Hindu states.
1258. Balban repelled another Mongol attack on Punjab.
1266. King Naziruddin Mahmud died without issue; throne
went to his minister
1266-1286 Ghiyasuddin Balban; his court was the only
Mohammedan court in India.
1
In M a r x ' s chronological e x c e r p t s from S c h l o s s e r , the y e a r of Genghis
K h a n ' s birth is given as 1155 (Marx and Engels Archives, V o l . V , p. 2 1 9 ) .
T h i s date is now g e n e r a l l y accepted.
HOUSE OF K H I L J I , 1288-1321
l 1299, according to E l p h i n s t o n e .
HOUSE OF TUGHLAK, 1321-1414
Wooded foothills.
24 M U S S U L M A N CONQUEST O F INDIA
1
Arabic word meaning lord.
2
It is also borne by all 1shmaelites.
MUSSULMAN CONQUEST OF INDIA
1
Later.
M U S S U L M A N CONQUEST OF INDIA
1
R o b e r t S e w e l l ' s book c o n t a i n s a number of i n a c c u r a c i e s . F i r s t ,
he affirms t h a t the S i b e r i a n T a r t a r s and the Mongols are two different
peoples. Second see p. 22 for the date of birth of Genghis K h a n . T h i r d ,
on T i m u r ' s death, it was his son S h a h r u d , the ruler of Khorassan, S e i -
stan, and Mazanderan, who a t t a i n e d to the greatest power, and not P i r
M u h a m m a d , as Sewell affirms. F o u r t h , the migration of the O t t o m a n
Turks from Central Asia to Asia Minor is questioned by many historians.
In the 14th c e n t u r y , the O t t o m a n s rose tc power in the area about B u r -
sa, whence they extended their a u t h o r i t y to the surrounding c o u n t r y .
F i f t h , speaking of the U z b e k s , Sewell mentions U z b e k Khan, who
ruled over the Golden Horde from 1313 to 1340. The name Uzbek was bor-
rowed from him by a section of the Y u e h c h i t r i b e s , who adopted I s l a m
at his i n s t a n c e .
a
T e l i n g a , or T e l u g u , language,
STATES OF INDIA BY 1526
1
Marx here gives the time when the last representative of the dynasty
began to rule. His reign ended in 1595.
a
From the late 16th century on, Golconda virtually depended on
B i j a p u r , having lost much of its political importance. It became a vas-
sal of the Mogul Empire only in 1636, and was finally annexed to it in
1687.
3
Marx here gives the year when the last representative of the dynasty
began to rule. His reign ended in 1572.
THE MOGUL EMPIRE IN INDIA, 1526-17611
(Lasted 2 3 5 Years)
1529. Mahmud Lodi took Bihar, and Sher Khan joined him;
on Mahmud's death he became master of Bihar.
1532. when Humayun was in Gujarat, Sher Shah advanced
into Bengal, therefore
1537Humayun set out with army against him; there, de-
spite the manoeuvres of both
1539in camp on Ganges, Humayun was surprised by Sher
Shah, thoroughly worsted, had to flee, while Sher Khan,
alias Sher Shah, seized Bengal.
1540. Humayun took initiative by marching on Kanauj;
was defeated again, almost drowned in Ganges during
his flight; Sher Khan pursued hirfi to Lahore; Humayun
escaped to Sind; after one or two fruitless sieges, he fled
to Marwar (Jodhpur), but Raja refused to admit him,
and he tramped in the deserts of Jaisalmer, where his
and his few followers' encampments were attacked con-
tinuously; there
October 14, 1542Hamida, a dancing girl of great beauty in
his harem, gave birth to the famous Akbar; after roam-
ing the desert for 18 months, they arrived at Omercote
(Umarkot), where they were hospitably received.
After another futile attempt to reduce Sind, Humayun
was allowed to go to Kandahar; found that province
in the hands of his brother Mirza Askari, who refused
to help him. Humayun fled to Herat (Persia). In Persia,
he was treated as a captive, Shah Tahmasp forced him
to adopt the Safavi religion. (The Safavid, or Sufi,
kings descended from a family of sainted dervishes, of
the Shiah sect, who attained sovereignty, and es-
tablished a scheme of religion called after their name;
this became the religion of Persia.) Nevertheless
1545 Tahmasp assisted Humayun with 14,000 horse. Hu-
mayun entered Afghanistan, wrested Kandahar from
his brother Mirza Askari, whom he spared despite his
officers. He then took Kabul, where Hindal, Baber's
third son, joined him.
1548. Kamran, his third brother, who had rebelled [against
him, now] joined him. (However, he was again sub-
dued in 1551 after revolt; in 1553, after fresh troubles,
he was made prisoner, and had his eyes put out.)
80
T B E T
EMPIRE
MOG~~EATEST EXPANSION
THEOF ITS
THE TIME
1
1 5 6 9 , according to B u r g e s s , The Chronology of Modern India, E d i n -
burgh, 1 9 1 3 .
RtGN OF AKBAR, 1556-165
1
Descendants and relations of Mirza (Prince) Muhammad S u l t a n ,
who came to India with B a b e r . They were Ulugh Mirza, Shah Mirza,
and Ibrahim Husain Mirza, and they sought to seize the throne.
3*
gg MOGUL E M P I R E IN INDIA, 1526-1761
1
1628, according t<3 Burgess.
40 MOGUL E M P I R E IN INDIA, 1526-1761
1
1 6 3 1 , according to Burgess.
? J 6 4 4 , according to Elphinstone^
70 80
N 0 A
V S tl
I{ IN 1525
DV
30
30
10
1
Old name of Burma.
REIGN OF AURANGZEB; RISE OF MARATHAS, 1658-1707 43
Kingdom.
MOGUL E M P I R E IN INDIA, 1 5 2 6 - 1 !
1 6 8 7 , according t o B u r g e s s .
SUCCESSORS OF AURANGZE 4
1
In the same year, Aurangzeb appointed one Mir
J afar dewan under title of Murshid Kuli Khan. (The
dewan of a province was an officer of the Mogul Gover-
nor, who had to superintend the collection of revenue
and try all civil cases arising within the boundaries of his
province.) [Afterwards Jafar Khan] became Subahdar
of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. (The subahdar was
viceroy of a district; the two officers were often com-
bined in one person.)
2
This gentleman hated les agrables Anglais, inter-
fered with their trade, and harassed them continuously.
(In 1715, they lodged a complaint against him with
Farrukhsher, who gave the English merchants a present
of 38 towns! and an immunity from tax, under a dustuck,
or official pass, for each bale of goods, saving it from
examination by the officials.)
Murshid Kuli Khan famous revenue officer; through
unscrupulous systems of extortion and oppression, he
created a large surplus out of the revenues of Bengal,
which was punctually remitted to Delhi. He divided
the province into chaklas, in every one of which the
chief collector was an officer, appointed by himself,
who farmed the revenue. Afterwards these officers
managed to constitute their posts hereditary; and
claimed the title of "Zemindari Rajas. "
4448
MOGUL E M P I R E IN INDIA, 152(5-1761
4*
MOGUL E M P I R E IN INDIA, 1526-1761
1
1727, according to Elphinstone.
2
1 7 3 1 , according to Burgess.
SUCCESSORS OF AURANGZEB
1
1748, according to Elphinstone.
M 7 5 1 , according t o Elphinstone.
MOGUL E M P I R E IN INDIA, 1526-1761
1
The passage in question appears on pp. 9 7 - 1 0 1 .
2
Here Marx gives, following his chronological notes, an abstract of
Kovalevsky's book, whose chapters he entitles: (D) The Process of Feu-
MOGUL E M P I R E IN INDIA, 1526-1761
ruled for more than 400 years, and in 1332 were over-
thrown by the Mohammedans (under Muhammad Tugh-
lak).
Orissa: first notice of this raj, in Mahabharata; the earliest
authentic date, 473 A.D. (expulsion of the invading
1
"yavanas" by the ruling family). Thirty-five "Kesari"
Rajas succeeded each other until, in 1131, the dynasty
overthrown by that of Ganga Vansa, which family on
throne till 1550, when country seized by Mohammed-
2
ans (under Selim Shah SurJalal Khan, see p. 49).
Lastly, Greek author of Periplus mentions two great cities
as important trading marts on the coast, named Ta-
gara and Plithana; nothing known of them, their
site supposed somewhere near the Godavari River.
For the "ancient" in Hindustan, cf. also Hastina-
puram (the petty state concerning which the war
[described] in the Indian Iliad, Mahabharata, was
waged); the ancient religious city, Muttra and Panchala
3
(p. 6 ) .
1
At that time all foreigners in India were called yavanas. It is not clear
who are meant in this particular case. The first authentic date is that of
the reduction of Orissa by Asoka, who ruled approximately from 2 7 0
to 232 B . C.
2
See pp. 33 of this edition.
3
This and subsequent references by Marx are to the pages of Robert
Sewell, The Analytical History of India, London, 1870.
[THE CONQUEST OF INDIA
BY THE BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY]
1
M e r c h a n t s who traded with India on their own, thereby v i o l a t i n g
the E a s t India C o . ' s monopoly.
2
Concerning,
WAR WITH FRENCH IN CARNATC, 1744-1760
1
1 7 4 0 . Subahdar Shuja-uddin died, and was succeeded by
Aliverdi Khan, Governor of Bihar, who thus reunited
the three provinces of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa; he
was
1741attacked by the Marathas, who plundered factory at
Murshidabad, etc. (pp. 79, 80). As a result the Eng-
lish
1742obtained from Aliverdi Khan permission to dig the
celebrated Maratha Ditch.
1751. Marathas, bought off by Aliverdi Khan, retired to
Deccan. From then on, the British settlements on the
Hooghly enjoyed peace till 1755 (cf. pp. 79-80 for the
Maratha affair)
1
Juvenile
WAR WITH FRENCH IN CARNATIC, 1744-176()
of able men.)
December 26, 1754. Peace treaty signed between Godeheu
and Sanders (Governor of Madras), whereby Moham-
med Ali was recognized as Nabob of the Carnatic.
Meanwhile Bussy, the cleverest of all French leaders
in India, [was] in Aurangabad with Salabat Jang,
the Deccan Nizam, assisting him in managing the
1
affairs of the subahdari.In the same year1754
Salabat Jang was attacked by Ghazi-uddin Khan
(elder brother of the former Subahdar, Nazir Jang)
at head of a large army, joined by the Marathas.
Bussy beat the latter and had Ghazi-uddin poisoned;
2
the Nizam thanked him by giving the Northern Circars
to the French.
1755. Contrary to Bussy's advice, Salabat Jang attacked
the Raja of Mysore, who had refused to pay him tri-
bute (the Raja of Mysore, then French ally, was there-
by urged into alliance with English); expedition
successful; Raja of Mysore bought off Salabat Jang
with large sums of money and presents. The Nizam
then joined with the Marathas under the Peshwa,
Balaji Rao, and defeated the rebel Maratha chieftain,
Morari Rao.
1
1752, according to Elphinstone.
2
Province in the north of the Coromandel Coast; it belonged to the
Nizam of Hyderabad.
5448
66 CONQUEST OF INDIA BY BRITISH EAST INDIA CO.
1
P. 61 of this edition.
5*
68 CONQUEST OF INDIA BY BRITISH E A S T INDIA CO.
P. 49 of this edition,
72 CONQUEST OF INDIA BY BRITISH E A S T INDIA CO.
1
Department of Finance.
2
W a r Department.
Government through native administration.
CONQUEST OF INDIA BY BRITISH E A S T INDIA CO.
1
Supreme C i v i l Court of A p p e a l .
AFFAIRS OF EAST INDIA CO. IN BRITAIN
P. 86 of this edition.
96 CONQUEST OF INDIA BY BRITISH E A S T INDIA CO.
1
T h e passage which appears under this subheadingfrom here to the
dotted line on p. 101is from the same note-book of M a r x ' s (pp. 68 and
7 0 ) , the section entitled " ( E ) B r i t i s h Domination and Its Influence on
Indian P u b l i c P r o p e r t y . "
7448
98 CONQUEST OF INDIA BY BRITISH E A S T INDIA CO.
7*
lOO CONQUEST OF INDIA BY BRITISH E A S T INDIA CO.
1
Civil,
SIR JOHN SHORE'S ADMINISTRATION, 1793-1798 101
\ Mutiny,
CONQUEST OF INDIA BY BRITISH E A S T INDIA CO.
1
M a y 4, according to W i l k s , Historical Sketches of the South of India
in an Attempt to Trace the History of Mysoor, V o l . I l l , London, 1 8 1 7 ,
LORD W E L L E S L E Y ' S ADMINISTRATION, 1798-1805
1
In fact,
106 CONQUEST OF INDIA BY BRITISH E A S T INDIA CO.
1
26 lakhs, according to S m i t h , The Oxford History of India, 1923.
CONQUEST OF INDIA BY BRITISH E A S T INDIA CO.
1
September 3 , 1803. Great battle of Assaye; the Marathas
beaten by General Wellesley.
Almost simultaneously, Harcourt took Cuttack (in
the Bay of Bengal), and Stephenson, the fort of Bur-
hanpur and Asirgarh in the Satpura Hills. Sindhia
made a truce with Wellesley, who, joining Stephen-
1
son's force from Bharoch, marched against Bhonslay s
strong fortress of Gawilgarh.
2
November 2 8 , 1803. Battle at Argaon (near Ellichpur).
Wellesley won, Bhonslay fled, Colonel Stephenson
was sent on march against Nagpur (capital of Be-
rar); Bhonslay begged for terms, hence
3
December 1 8 , 1803Treaty of Deogaon between Bhonslay
and Mountstuart Elphlnstone on behalf of the East
India Co.: English spared the territories of Berar; the
Raja ceded Cuttack to the Company; gave several
districts to the Nizam; excluded all Frenchmen and
Europeans at war with England; [committed himself]
to refer all differences to the Governor-General for
arbitration.
September 14, Lake, who after taking Aligarh marched straight
on Delhi, met, six miles from the city, Sindhia's
troops under French officers, defeated the French, that
same evening took Delhi, and replaced the blinded Shah
Alam (83 years old) on the throne under British pro-
tection.
October 17, Agra, held by the Raja of Bharatpur, capit-
ulated vis--vis Lake.Lake marched out against
large body of the enemy from the Deccan and Delhi;
after terrible battle, Lake was victoriousat Las-
wari (village 128 miles south of Delhi); Sindhia down.
4
December 4 , 1803. Treaty of Anjangaon between Lake
(acting on behalf of Company) and Sindhia; Sind-
hia ceded all his territories north of Jaipur and Jodhpur;
ditto Bharoch and Ahmadnagar; gave up alt claims
on the Nizam, the Peshwa, the Gaekwar,.and the Com-
pany; had to acknowledge the independence of those
1
September 2 3 , according to Burgess.
2
November 29, according to Burgess.
3 December
3
17, according to Burgess.
4
T-\ 1
December 3or0 , - according
- to- TBurgess.
j ; . A "i .
CONQUEST OF INDIA BY BRITISH E A S T INDIA CO.
no
states recognized by the Company as independent;
undertook to dismiss all foreigners, and to submit
in all disputes to the arbitration of the Company.
The Governor-General, Wellesley, gave Berar to the
Nizam, Ahmadnagar to the Peshwa, and reserved
Cuttack for the Company; simultaneously he made
treaties with the rajas of Bharatpur, Jaipur, and
Jodhpur with the Raja of Gohad (in Sindhia's territory
of Gwalior), to whom he [promised to give] the city
of Gwalior, and with Ambaji Inglia, Sindhia's general.
Early 1804. Holkar (instead of joining the Maratha con-
federation in keeping with his promise, he had with
60,000 cavalry plundered Sindhia's possessions), began
to invade the territory of the Raja of Jaipur, ally of
the Britishers; hence the victorious armies of Welles-
ley and Lake drew near; Holkar retreated from Jaipur
beyond the River Chambal, where he gave Colonel
Monson, sent with small force in his pursuit, so sound
a thrashing that Monson, having lost guns, baggage,
camp equipage, and stores of the division, and lost
almost five battalions of infantry, finally arrived at
Agra with the miserable survivors.Holkar now at-
tackedineffectuallyDelhi, and ravaged the country
round; General Lake followed him in all haste and
came up with his army.
November 13, 1804, battle of Dig (in territory of Bharat-
pur); Holkar beaten, fled to Muttra (on the River
Jumna, north of Agra); Fort Dig, which belonged
to the Raja of Bharatpur and had fired on the English
during the battle, taken by storm after the victory.
1805. Lake attacked Bharatpur without success; neverthe-
less, the Raja came to terms with the English.Holkar
joined Sindhia who was now at the head of a new com-
bination of his own forces with those of Holkar, the Raja
of Bharatpur, and Amir Khan the Rohilla. The fact is
that, when the Governor-General, Wellesley, had given
1
the Raja of Gohad his old family seat of Gwalior ,
1
Here the book used by M a r x c o n t a i n s an error. W e l l e s l e y promised
to g i v e Gwalior to the R a j a of Gohad, but he did not intend to do so, and
kept a B r i t i s h force there.
GREAT MARATHA WAR, 1803-1805 1 11
1
D e c e m b e r 9, according to B u r g e s s ,
8*
CONQUEST OF INDIA BY BRITISH EAST INDIA CO.
1
Tribe.
2
Possessions.
3
Gangs,
LORD MINTO'S ADMINISTRATION, 1807-1813 117
Ambassadors,
122 CONQUEST OF INDIA BY BRITISH E A S T INDIA CO.
9448
LAST PERIOD, 1823-1858 (EXTINCTION OF E A S T INDIA CO.)
1
T h e book used by M a r x is in error on t h i s point, for A h m a d S h a h
ruled and died in K a n d a h a r .
3
1 7 9 3 , according to The Cambridge History of India, V o l . 5, 1 9 2 9 .
LORD AUCKLAND'S ADMINISTRATION, 1836-1842 131
1
the royal family were called); throne went to Timur's
son
1792-1802Zatnan Shah. He annoyed the Company a great
deal by war demonstrations on the Indian border;
his intentions with regard to Hindustan frustrated by
the Barakzais and his oim brothers, of whom four played
[a certain] role: Shuja-ul-Mulk, Mahmud, Firuz,
and Kaisar.Payandah Khan was followed in head-
ship of the Barakzai clan by his son, Fateh Khan.
1801, when Zaman [Shah] was at Peshawar, upon great ex-
pedition on his way to Hindustan, Fateh Khan won
over Zaman's brother Mahmud to conspire with him,
raised his standard, and seized Kandahar; Zaman hur-
ried back, was captured, blinded, imprisoned, lived
for a long time as miserable dependent. Shuja-ul-Mulk,
rightful successor, marched at once on Kabul, but
Fateh defeated him, and placed on throne
1802M818Mahmud Shah, while Firuz seized on the Sa-
dozai dominions of Herat and Kaisar, on those of Kan-
dahar.
3
1 8 0 8 . At instigation of many of the Durani nobles at Kabul,
Shah Shuja returned, defeated the usurpers, pardoned
all, left his brothers as governors of Herat and Kan-
dahar. Fateh Khan fled, plotted first with Kaisar and
in the latter's name raised new revolt, was beaten,
Kaisar pardoned.Fateh Khan then made rebellion
in name of Kamran, Shah Mahmud's eldest son, and
treacherously took Kandahar from Kaisar. Revolt
quelled again, and once more Shah Shuja pardoned
the rebels.Fateh Khan persuaded Kaisar to head a
rebellion, they seized Peshawar, rebels again defeated,
again forgiven.New rebellion by Fateh Khan, this
time victorious, Shah Shuja compelled to flee [in
1810]; caught in Kashmir, whose Governor tried
1
The book used by Marx is in error on this point. Payandah K h a n
placed Zaman on the throne after T i m u r ' s death, and was murdered by
Zaman, who wanted to get rid of too influential a vizier. It was then t h a t
e n m i t y flared up between the B a r a k z a i s and Sadozais. See History of
the Afghans by Ferrier, The Cambridge History of India, V o l . 5, e t c .
2
1800, according to Burgess.
3
1803, according to Burgess.
9*
LAST PERIOD, 1823-1858 (EXTINCTION OF EAST INDIA CO.)
1
According to The Cambridge History of India, V o l . 5, Kashmir was
taken in 1819 and Multan, in 1818.
2
1833, according to Sykes, A History of Persia, Vol, 2, London, 1 9 2 1 .
LAST PERIOD, 1823-1858 (EXTINCTION OF E A S T INDIA CO.)
1
Palmerston,
136 L A S T PERIOD, 1823-1858 (EXTINCTION OF E A S T INDIA CO.)
1
Led b y .
140 LAST PERIOD, 1823-1858 (EXTINCTION OF EAST INDIA CO.)
1
In Russian.
2
W r i t t e n in Russian by M a r x .
LORD HARDINGE'S ADMINISTRATION, 1844-1848 I43
2
1854. Annexation of Jhansi (in Bundelkhand). The Raja
of Jhansi, originally tributary of the Peshwa, recog-
nized in 1832 as independent raja, died without natural
issue, but adopted son living. Monsieur Dalhousie again
refused to recognize him; hence rage of the dispossessed
Rani, who later the most prominent leader in the sepoy
mutiny.
Dandhu Panth, alias Nana Sahib, was the adopted
son of the dismissed and pensioned Peshwa Baji Rao,
who d. 1853; Nana Sahib claimed the annual pension
of his adoptive father100,000; refused. Nana submit-
ted, later wreaked revenge on the "English dogs. "
1
1 8 5 5 , according to Burgess.
2
1 8 5 3 , according to Burgess.
LORD CANNING'S ADMINISTRATION, 1856-1858 149
1857. The Sepoy Revolt. For some years Sepoy Army very
disorganized; 40,000 soldiers from Oudh in it, bound
together by caste and nationality; one common pulse
in army, insult to a regiment on the part of its superiors
felt as grievance by all the rest; officers powerless; laxity
of discipline; open acts of mutiny frequent, suppressed
with more or less difficulty; downright refusal of the
Bengal army to cross the sea for the attack of Rangoon,
necessitating the substitution of Sikh regiments (1852).
(All this since annexation of Punjab1849became
worse since annexation of Oudh1856.) Lord Canning
began his administration with arbitrary act; until then,
the sepoys of Madras and Bombay enlisted by regulation
for service all over the world, the Bengalese only for
service in India; Canning made "general service enlist-
ment" the rule in Bengal. The "fakirs" denounced this
as attempt to abolish caste, etc.
Early 1857, (Pam's) cartridges, lately issued, greased with,
the fat of pigs and cows, expressly, said the fakirs, in
order to cause every sepoy to break his caste.
Hence, sepoy meutes at Barrackpore (near Calcutta)
and Raniganj (near Bankura).
February 26, sepoy meute at Bcrhampore (on the Hooghly,
south of Murshldabad); in March, sepoy insurrection at
Barrackpore; all this in Bengal (forcibly quelled).
March and April. Sepoys of Ambala and Meerut set constantly
and secretly their barracks on fire; in districts of Oudh
and North-West, fakirs inflamed the people against
England. Nana Sahib, Raja of Bithur (on Ganges),
plotted with Russia, Persia, the princes of Delhi,
and the ex-King of Oudh, took advantage of the
sepoy disturbances consequent upon the greased
cartridges.
LORD CANNING'S ADMINISTRATION, 1856-1858 151
1
April 2 4 . Rising at Lucknow of 48th Bengalcse (Regiment),
3rd Native Cavalry, 7th Oudh Irregulars, quelled by
Sir Henry Lawrence bringing up English troops.
At Meerut (north-east of Delhi), 11th and 20th Native
Infantry attacked the English, shot their officers, fired
the town, slew all English ladies and children, went
off to Delhi.
At Delhi, in night, some of the mutineers galloped into
Delhi, sepoys there rose (54th, 74th, 38th Native Infan-
try); the English Commissioner, chaplain, officers,
murdered; nine English officers defended the magaz ne,
2
blew it up (two perished); the other Englishmen in the
city fled to jungles, most killed by natives or severe
weather; some arrived safely at Meerut, now deserted
of troops. But Delhi in insurgent hands.
At Firuzpur, 45th and 57th Native attempted to seize
the fort, driven off by the 61st English; but they plun-
dered town, set it on fire, were next day driven off by
cavalry turning off the fort.
At Lahore, on news of the events at Meerut and Delhi,
the sepoys on general parade, ordered by General Cor-
bett, disarmed (surrounded by English troops with artil-
lery).
May 20 . 64th, 55th, 39th Native Infantry disarmed at Pe-
shawar (as at Lahore); then the remainder of available
English and faithful Sikhs cleared the beleaguered sta-
tions of Noushera and Mardan, and at end of May,
the large station of Ambala, garrisoned by several Euro-
pean regiments asserm led from the near-by stations;
collected here, nucleusof an army under General Anson....
The hill station of Simla, crowded with English fam-
ilies resident there for the hot season, was not attacked.
May 25. Anson with his little army marched on Delhi; he
died on May 27, replaced by Sir Henry Barnard; the
latter on June 7 joined by English troops under Gen-
eral Wilson (coming from Meerut; some fighting with
the sepoys had taken place on the route). Rebellion
1
Lucknow recaptured on March 15 (under Colin Campbell,
Sir James Outram, etc.); looting of the town, where
treasures of Oriental art stored up; fighting over on March
21; last gun fired on the 23d.Flight of the insurgents
to Bareili, headed by Prince Firuz, [son of ] Shah of
Delhi, Nana Sahib of Bithur, the Maulavi of Fyzabad,
and Hazrat Mahal, the Begum of Oudh.
2
April 2 5 , 1858. Campbell took Shahjahanpur; Mogs beat
back attack by rebels near Bareili; on May 6, siege
guns opened on Bareili, while General Jones came up by
appointment after having seized Moradabad; Nana and
his followers fled, Bareili taken without resistance.
Shahjahanpur, meanwhile closely invested by the rebels,
relieved by General Jones; Lugard's division, marching
from Lucknow, attacked, suffered severely at the hands
of mutineers under Kunar Singh; the Maulavi of Fyza-
bad killed soon afterwards, after Sir Hope Grant defeat-
ed the Begum, who fled to the Gogra River to rally new
forces.
By mid-June 1858, mutineers defeated on all points; incapable
of joint action; broken up into bands of marauders press-
ing hard the divided forces of the English. Centres
of action: the standards of the Begum, the Prince of Del-
hi, and Nana Sahib.
Finishing stroke dealt to insurrection by Sir Hugh
Rose's two months' (May and June) campaign in Cen-
tral India.
January 1858, Rose took Raihgarh, in February, Sangur and
Garrakota, marched on Jhansi, where the Rani had taken
her stand.
April 1, 1858, severe action against Tantia Topi, cousin of
Nana Sahib, who advanced from Kalpi to protect
Jhansi; Tantia defeated.
3
April 4 , Jhansi taken; the Rani and Tantia Topi escaped,
awaited the English at Kalpi; while marching thither
1
March 14, according to Kaye and Malleson, Vol. 4,
* April 3 0 , according tc Kaye and Malleson, V o l . 4.
3
April 5, according to Kaye and Malleson, Vol. 4.
L A S T PERIOD, 1823-1858 (EXTINCTION OF E A S T INDIA CO.)
1
H e r n a m e was L a k s h m i Bai.
LORD CANNING'S ADMINISTRATION, 1856-1858 157
1
Geographical names ace italicizedEd.
I N D E X 15Q
Baluchistan, 12 - M a l o j i , 42
Bamian, 141 - S h a h j i , 4 2 , 4 3 , 62
Banda Neira, IIS Bhonslay of Berar:
Bangalore, 5 7 , 79 - Appa S a h i b , 120, 121, 122
Banki labor, 60 - B a l a S a h i b , 120
Bankura, 129, 150 - Madhoji, 86
Baramahal, 95 - Raghoji I, 5 5 , 6 7 , 6 8 , 78
Bar an, 116 - Raghoji I I , 103, 104, 107,
Barasat, 129 108, 109, 113, 120
a r / j , / 2 0 , 152, 155, 156 Bhopal, 5 2 , 116, 128
B a r l o w , George, 1 1 ! , 112, 113, Biana, 30
114, 118 Bias, 145
Barnard, Henry, 151 Bidar, 2 9 , 58
Baroda, 84 Bihar, 19, 2 0 , 2 6 , 3 1 , 3 2 , 3 5 ,
Barrackpore, 127, 150 3 7 , 4 1 , 4 9 , 5 5 , 6 0 , 6 1 , 67, 6 9 ,
Barwell, Richard, 80, 82 7 1 , 7 4 , 100
Basalat Jang, 66, 79, 86, 94 Bijapur, 2 8 , 4 0 , 4 3 - 4 5
Basra, 12 Bikaner, 29
Bassein, 8 3 , 107 B i r B a l , 37
Batavia, 7 0 , 115 B i r d , R o b e r t , 129
Bay of Bengal, 109 Bithur, 150, 153, 155
Bednore, 77, 88 B o i g n e , D e , 102, 103
Begum of Oudh, see Hazrat B o i l e a u , 154
Mahal Bokhara, 13 15, 2 6 , 2 7 , 137
Belala Dynasty, 58 Bolan Pass, 136
Be Hary, 86 Bombay (presidency), 4 7 , 4 8 , 7 6 ,
Benares, 19, 2 6 , 8 1 , 9 0 , 127, 153 77, 7 9 , 8 3 , 8 4 , 8 6 , 8 7 , 9 5 , 114,
Benfield, P a u l , 8 9 , 9 3 121, 136, 141, 149, 151, 152
Bengal (Presidency), 19, 21, Boscawen, 62
23, 24, 3 1 , 32, 33, 35, 37, 42, Bourbon, 6 1 , 115
47, 50, 55, 56, 60, 6 1 , 67, Brathwaite, 95
6 8 , 6 9 7 1 , 7 3 - 7 5 , 8 0 , 8 3 , 97, 9 9 , Bristow, 81
100, 108, 115, 128, 141, 142, Brown, 122
148, 150, 152 Brydon, 139
B e n t i n c k , W i l l i a m , 127, 128, B u c k i n g h a m s h i r e , E a r l of, 117
129, 133, 135 Budaun, 26
Berar, 2 9 , 3 7 , 4 4 , 7 8 , 8 6 , 102, B u n a B a i , see Holkar
109, 110, 113, 120, 148, Bundelkhand, 2 6 , 3 9 , 4 0 , 52,
Berhampore, 150 6 8 , 1 2 1 , 123, 148
Bernadotte, 8 8 Bundi, 112, 120
Bhagerat R o a S i n d h i a , see Sind- Burdwan, 71
hia, Ali J a h J y a j i Burhanpur, 3 9 , 4 5 , 5 1 , 8 3 , 109
B h a o , Sadasheo, see Sadasheo, B u r k e , Edmund, 91
Bhao Burma, 125, 126, 127
Bharatpur, 109, 110, 127 Burnes, Alexander, 3 1 , 134,
Bharoch, 4 5 , 8 4 , 108, 109 135, 136, 138
Bhaskar, 68 Bushire (Abu Shahr), 149
Bhatia, 15 Bussy, 64, 6 5 , 6 6 , 67, 88
Bhatinda, 14, 20 Butwal, 119
Bhawalpur, 146 Buxar, 73
Bhonslay: B u y a i d (the D e i l e m i t e s ) , 13, 16
I N D E X 161
C Chimnaji, 102
China, 23, 27, 115, 117, 129
Cachar, see Kachar Chin Kilich Khan, see Asaf J a h
Caillaud, 7 0 , 77. Chinsurah, 60
Calcutta (Fort William), 47, 4 8 , Chitor, 2 2 , 2 9 , 3 3 , 34
6 0 , 6 8 , 69, 7 1 , 72, 7 3 , 7 4 , 7 5 , Chittagong, 7 1 , 125
7 6 , 8 0 , 8 1 , 8 5 , 8 6 , 87, 9 1 , Chitu, 116, 118, 122, 123
9 4 , 99, 100, 102, 103, 106, 111, Chola, 58
112, 113, 114, 117, 118, 123, Chutternutty, 48
125, 126, 127, 129, 130, 143, Clavering, 8 0 , 82
149, 150, 152, 154 Clive, Robert, 6 3 , 6 4 , 6 9 , 7 0 ,
Calicut, 47, 57, 5 8 , 78 7 1 , 7 3 , 74, 7 6 , 77, 8 0 , 103
Campbell, Archibald, 126 Close, 107
Campbell, Colin, 147, 154, 155 Cochin, 95
Campbell, Colonel, 147 Coimbatore, 57, 5 8 , 87, 88
Canning, 149, 150, 152, 156 Colebrooke, 111
Cape of Good Hope, 4 6 , 7 6 , 88 Coleroon, 63
Carnac, 7 3 , 8 5 , 86 Collins, 108
Carnata, 22, 2 4 , 58 Combermere, 127
Carnatic, 2 8 , 5 5 , 5 8 , 6 1 , 6 2 , Comorin, Cape, 22, 24
6 3 , 6 4 , 6 5 , 67, 77, 7 9 , 8 6 , 87, Conflans, 69
89, 9 2 , 9 3 , 94, 9 5 , 105, 148 Conjeeveram, 2 8 , 58
Caspian Sea, 2 6 , 27 Coote, E y r e , 5 5 , 67, 87, 88
Castlereagh, 117 Corbett, 151
Cawnpore, 103, 152-154 Cornells, 115
Ceylon, 47, 5 8 , 87, 152 Cornwallis, 94, 9 5 , 9 7 - 1 0 1 , 111,
Chait Singh of Benares, 90 112, 116
Chait Singh, Vizier of Kharak Coromandel Coast, 24
Singh, 140 Cossijurah, 90
Chalukyas of Calinga, 58 Cotton, Willoughby, 136-137
Chalukyas of Carnata, 58 Courtlandt, 146
Chambal, 3 9 , 52, 110, 112, 143 Cuddalore, 87, 88
Champanir, 31 Cuddapah, 45
Chand, Sultana, 37 Cutch, 42
Chandara S a h i b , 62-64 Cuttack, 5 8 , 108, 110
Chander L a i , 124
Chanderi (Chendari, Sindhia), 30 D
Chandernagor, 6 0 , 6 1 , 69
Chandor, 107, 108 Dacca, 42
Chandragupta (Sandracottus), 57 Dada K h a s j i , see Sindhia
Chanpur, see Jaunpur Dadar, 136
Charles I I , King of England, Dalhousie, 146, 147, 148, 149
47, 48 Damaji Qaekwar, see Gaekwars
Charmai, 66 of Guijarat
Charnock, 48 Danaji, 46
Chattna, 154 Daniyal, 37
Chenab, 146 Dara Shikoh, 4 0 , 4 1 , 42
Chengama, 79, 86 Darius Codomanus, 56
Chera, 58 Dataji Sindhia, see Sindhia
Chhota Nagpur, 129 Daud, Governor of Deccan, 50
Chilianwala, 146, 147 Daud, ruler of Bengal, 35
11-448
162 I N D E X
Daulat R a o S i n d h i a , see S i n d h i a E l l i s , 72
Daulatabab (Deogiri), 2 1 , 2 2 , 66 Elphinstone, Mountstuart, 12, 2 4 ,
Dawes, 154 109, 114, 118, 1 2 1 , 138, 141
Deccan, 2 1 , 2 3 , 2 4 , 2 8 , 3 7 - 4 0 , England, 4 8 , 6 0 , 6 2 , 7 4 , 7 5 , 7 6 ,
43, 44, 4 5 , 50, 51, 52, 55, 57, 82, 86, 88, 90, 91, 92, 9 3 ,
58, 6 1 , 62, 63, 65, 66, 7 1 , 9 4 , 9 5 , 100, 103, 109, 1 1 1 ,
7 5 , 7 7 , 8 0 , 107 112, 114, 115, 117, 120, 123,
D e i l e m i t e s , see B u y a i d 124, 126, 129, 130, 139, 140
De Kantzow, 152 144, 145, 154
Delhi, 14, 17, 19-23, 2 4 , 2 5 , E n g l i s h , 154
2 6 , 2 8 - 3 6 , 3 8 - 4 2 , 4 4 , 47, 4 9 , Erskine, 28
5 0 - 5 5 , 5 6 , 7 0 , 7 1 , 7 5 , 77, Europe, 6 1 , 6 4 , 70
9 5 , 9 6 , 103, 106, 107, 109, E y r e , Charles, 4 8
110, 120, 130, 145, 150, 1 5 1 ,
154, 155 F
Dennie, 137
Deogaon, 109 Faizi, 35
Deogiri, see Daulatabad Faizullah K h a n the R o h i l l a ,
Dera Ghazi KJian, 146 9 0 , 91
Devikota, 63 F a n e , Henry, 136, 154
Dharvas, 86 Farrukhabad, 152, 154
Dhuleep S i n g h , 143, 145, 147, 149 Farrukhsher, 4 9 , 5 0 , 5 1 , 7 1
Dhundia W a g h , 104 Farrukhzad of Qhazni, see Qhaz-
Dian Singh, 140, 143 nevid
Dig, 110 F a t e h Ali K a j a r , 133
Dindigul, 7 8 , 95 F a t e h g a r h , 152, 154
Disraeli, 157 Fateh K h a n (in A h m a d n a g a r ) ,
Doab, 7 5 , 105, 146 40
Donabyu, 126, 148 Fateh K h a n B a r a k z a i , 1 3 1 , 132
Donkin, 122 Fateh Mohammed, 77
Dost A l i , Nabob of Carnatic, 62 Fateh Singh Qaekwar, see Qaek-
Dost Mohammed, 132-134, 137, wars of Gujarat
138, 146, 149 F a t e h Singh Gaekwar, R e g e n t ,
D r a k e , 68 see Gaekwars of Gujarat
Dravira, 57 Fatehpur, 153
Dulub R a m , 6 9 F a t i m a , sister of M o h a m m e d , 13-
Dundas, Henry, E a r l of M e l v i l l e , Ferghana, 28
9 1 , 92, 93 F e r i s h t a h , 22
Dupleix, 6 1 - 6 5 , 67 Firdausi, 16
Durga Das, 44 Firuz, brother of Zaman S h a h ,
Durjan S a l , 127 1 3 1 , 132
F i r u z , son o f Bahadur S h a h I I ,
E 155
Firuz T u g h l a k , see T u g h l a k
Edwards, 146, 147 Firuzpur, 135, 136, 141, 1 4 4 ,
Egerton, 8 5 146, 151
Egypt, 12 Firuzshah, 144
E l i z a b e t h , Queen of E n g l a n d , 47 Fletcher, Robert, 74
Ellenborough, the " E l e p h a n t " , Forde, 6 9 , 7 5
139, 140, 141, 142, 143 Fort St. David, 6 2 , 66
Ellichpur, 2 1 , 109 Fort St. George, see Madras-
INDEX 163
11*
164 INDEX
Mongolia, 27 N
Monson, Colonel, 110
Monson, member of the Calcutta Nadir S h a h , 53
Council, 8 0 , 8 2 Nagar, 34
Montgomery, R o b e r t , 156 Nagarkot, 15, 17
Moradabad, 152, 155 Najib-ud-daula the R o h i l l a , 7 1 ,
Morari R a o , 6 4 , 6 5 , 8 6 75
Muazzam, see Bahadur Shah Najm-ud-daula, 73
Mubarak K h i l j i , see K h i l j i Nagpur, 5 5 , 8 6 , 8 7 , 104, 107,
Mubarak S a y y i d , see S a y y i d 108, 109, 114, 120, 122, 148
Mubariz, 51 N a n a k , 50
Mudki, 144 Nana P h a r n a v i s see P h a r n a v i s
Nana S a h i b (Dandhu P a n t h ) ,
Mugat R a o , see Sindhia
M u h a l l a b , 12 123, 148, 150, 152, 153, 155,
M u h a m m a d Adil S h a h , see Adil 156
Shah Nanjaraj, 78
Nao Nihal, 140
M u h a m m a d A m i n , 42
Napier, Charles, 1 4 1 , 147
Muhammad B a l b a n , see Mame-
Napoleon I, 106, 114
lukes of Delhi
Muhammad K a s i m , 12 Narayan Rao, 82, 86
Muhammad of Ghazni, see Ghaz- Narbada, 3 7 , 5 2 , 5 4 , 8 4 , 85
nevid Nazir J a n g , 6 3 , 6 5
Muhammad S a y y i d , see S a y - Naziruddin Mahmud, see Mame-
yid lukes of Delhi
Muhammad S h a h Sur, see S u r Naziruddin of Multan, 19
M u h a m m a d S u l t a n , 42 Naziruddin T u g h l a k , see Tugh-
M u h a m m a d T u g h l a k , see Tugh- lak
lak Nearchus, 56
Negapatam, 87
Muizzuddin B a h r a m , see Mame-
lukes of Delhi Neill, 152, 153
Multan, 12, 15, 16, 19, 2 1 , 2 5 , Nepal, 118, 120, 156
133, 145, 147 Nizam A l i , 5 5 , 6 6 , 7 6 , 7 8 , 7 9 ,
101-104, 109
Mulraj, 145, 147 Nizamuddin, 21
Munj, 15 Nizam-ul-Mulk, see Asaf J a h
Munro, Hector, 7 2 , 86 Norris, W i l l i a m , 4 8
Munro, J o h n , 114 North, 92
Munro, T h o m a s , 116 Northern Circars, 2 8 , 6 5 , 6 6 , 7 7 ,
Murad, son of A k b a r , 37 7 9 , 124
Murad, son of Shah J a h a n , 4 0 , North-Western Provinces, 129,
41, 42 139, 150, 152
Murshidabad, 6 1 , 6 8 , 7 0 , 8 0 , Nott, 1 3 8 , 140, 141
150 Noushera, 151
Murshid Kuli K h a n (Mir J a f a r ) , Nuh, 14
49, 50, 60 Nunkomar ( N a n d a - K u m a r ) , 82
Nur J a h a n , 3 8 , 3 9
Muscat, 114, 149
Muttra, 15, 5 9 , 110
Muzaffar J a n g , 63 O
Muzaffar Shah of Gujarat, 29 Ochterlony, D a v i d , 119
Mysore, 4 5 , 5 5 , 57, 6 4 , 6 5 , 7 8 , Omar S h e i k Mirza, 28
79, 8 6 , 8 8 , 103, 104, 128 Omercote (Umarkot), 32, 142
I N D E X 169
Onore, 79 P i r Muhammad, 2 5 , 27
Orissa, 3 5 , 4 9 , 5 5 , 5 7 - 6 1 , 67, P i t t , Will iam (the Younger),
6 9 , 7 3 , 87, 100 91-94, 97, 99
Oudh, 19, 2 4 , 3 0 , 37, 5 3 , 5 5 , 5 8 , Plassey, 69
69, 73, 75, 80, 81, 90, 91, 94, Plithana, 59
103, 105, 106, 119, 128, 149, Pollilore, 87
150, 156 Pollock, 140, 141
Ouseley, Gore, 114 Pondicherry, 55, 6 1 - 6 3 , 66, 6 7 ,
Outram, J a m e s , 141, 149, 153 86, 87, 95
156 Poona, 4 3 , 4 4 , 6 6 , 7 1 , 75, 7 8 ,
Oxus (Amu Darya), 12, 13, 14, 8 3 , 84, 8 5 , 86, 96, 102, 106,
15, 16 107, 108, 118, 121, 123
Popham, 8 5 , 86
P Porto Novo, 87
Porus, 56
Palamau, 129 Pottinger, Eldred, 134, 135, 139,
Palghat, 87 141
Palmer, 124 Pratap Singh of Tanjore, 63
Palmerston ( " P a m " ) , 130, 135, Pratap Singh, son of Sher Singh,
139, 149, 150, 157 143
Panchala, 59 Prithwi, 19
Pandharpur, 118 Prome (Pri), 126
Pandya, 58 Puar, Udaji, 52, 67
Panipat, 2 6 , 3 4 , 4 9 , 5 4 , 7 0 , 7 4 , Pulicat, 2 8 , 87
106, 116, 130 Punjab, 14, 15, 2 0 , 2 3 , 2 4 , 2 5 ,
Paris, 67, 77 2 6 , 3 3 , 34, 3 5 , 39, 50, 5 3 , 5 4 ,
Parviz, 38 70, 77, 133, 140, 143, 150
Patiala, 113, 152, 154 Purandhar, 8 4 , 86
Patna, 69-72 Pur Dil Khan, 132
Payandah Khan, 131 Purnaiya, 8 8 , 104, 128
Pearse, 87 Purnea, 6 9 , 70
Peel, 154 Puru, see Porus
Pegu, 125, 148
Peking, 27 Q
Perron, 108
Persia, 12, 16, 2 3 , 2 5 , 27, 3 2 , Quetta, 136, 140
3 8 , 106, 114, 133, 134, 135,
149, 150 R
Persian Gulf, 12, 5 6 , 114, 135,
149 Raffles, Stamford, 116, 123
Peshawar, 14, 15, 37, 131-134, Raghoba (Raghunath R a o ) , 5 4 ,
141, 146, 151 6 6 , 68, 70, 78, 82-86, 102
Peyton, 62 Raghoji Bhonslay I, see Bhons-
Pharnavis, lay of Berar
Maroba, 55 Raghoji Bhonslay I I , see Bhons-
Nana, 8 3 - 8 6 , 9 4 , 9 5 , 9 6 , lay of Berar
101, 102, 107 Raghunath R a o , see Raghoba
Phrygia, 27 Raguji Khan, 53
Pigot, 89 Raisin, 33
P i l a j i , Gaekwar, see Geakwars Rajahmundry, 28
of Gujarat Rajah R a m (the Elder), 4 6 , 5 3
170 I N D E X
T Trinkomali, 87
Trivadi, 63
Tagara, 59 Tughlak, 2 3 - 2 4
T a h i r , 13 Abu B a k r , 24
T a h i r i d , 13 Firuz, 2 4 , 29
T a h m a s p , Shah of Persia (1524 Ghiyasuddin I, 26
1576), 32 Ghiyasuddin I I , 24
T a h m a s p , S h a h of Persia (1730 H u m a y u n , 23
1732), 52 Mahmud, 24
Talneir, 123 M u h a m m a d , 2 3 , 2 8 , 59
Tamerlane (Timur), 25, 27, 28, 35 Naziruddin, 24
Tanjore, 4 5 , 5 8 , 6 2 , 6 4 , 6 6 , 77 Tughlak Timur of J a g a t a i , 27
8 9 , 105 Tukaji Holkar, see Holkar
T a n t i a T o p i , 155, 156 Tukaji II Holkar, see Holkar
Tara B a i , See S i n d h i a Tulsi B a i Holkar, see Holkar
Tara B a i , wife of R a m R a j a , 53 Turan, 20
Tartary, 25
Tatta, 2 4 , 136 U
Taxila, 56
Tegeen (Tezin), 141 Udaipur, 3 4 , 3 8 , 5 0 , 120
Teheran (Tehran,) 106, 114, 134, Udaji Puar, see Puar
135, 149, 150 Udwanullah, 72
Telinga (Tellngana), 2 3 , 2 4 , 2 8 , U j j a i n , 107
58 Umarkot, see Omercote
Tellichery, 87 U m d a t - u l - U m a r a , 105
Tenasserim, 125, 126 Upton, 84
Thanesar, 15, 17
Thompson, 136 V
Tibet, 27
T i m u r , see T a m e r l a n e Vansittart, 7 1 7 3 , 75
T i m u r , S h a h of Afghanistan, Vargaon, 85
7 0 , 106, 130 Vasco da Gama, 46
T i m u r , son of Shuja-ul-Mulk, Vellore, 4 5 , 113
137 V e n k o j i , 5 8 , 105
Tinnevelly, 5 8 , 7 9 , 8 0 , 8 6 , 8 7 , 88 Vereist, 7 3 , 74
Tipu Sahib, Sultan, 94, 9 5 , 101, V i c t o r i a , Queen of E n g l a n d ,
103, 104, 106, 113, 147, 148, 157
T i t u Mir, 129 Vijayanagar, 58
Todar M a i l , 36 Vikramaditya, 57
Toghrul, Governor of D e l h i , 21 Vindhya Hills, 116
Toghrul, rebel leader at Ghazni, Vira R a j a , 128
17 V i s a i , 57
Toghrul B e g , S e l j u k leader, 17 V i t t a j i , 107
Tokarrab K h a n , 45 Vizagapatam, 69
Tonk, 112
Transoxiana (Mawarannahr), 13 W
14, 15, 2 5 , 2 7
Travancore, 5 8 , 95 W a l a , see S i n d h i a , Dada K h a s j '
Trichinopoly, 6 2 , 6 3 , 6 4 , 79 W a l i d , 12
T r i m b a k j i D a n g l i a , 118, 1 2 1 , W a l p o l e , 156
123 Wanditaash, 67
INDEX 173
Moscow, U.S.S.R.
Printed in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
.