Wastewater

Treatment

D D

C
C
B B
E

A
1 Noorderzijlvest A
2 Frysln
3 Blija Buitendijks
4 Hunze and Aas
5 Reest and Wieden
6 Velt and Vecht 3 cross section longitudinal
1
7 Groot Salland
8 Regge and Dinkel A. suction pipe section
9 Veluwe 4 B. membrane pump
10 Rijn and IJssel 2
11 Vallei and Eem C. pressure line
12 De Stichtse Rijnlanden
13 Amstel, Gooi and Vecht D. grit reservoir
14 Hollands Noorderkwartier
15 Rijnland 5 E. grit removal carriage
16 Delfland 14
17 Schieland and Krimpenerwaard 6
18 Rivierenland
19 Hollandse Delta
20 Zeeuwse islands 27 7
21 Zeeuws-Flanders
22 Brabants Delta
8
23 De Dommel 9
13
24 Aa and Maas 15
25 Peel and Maasvallei a. grit trap in water line wit bar screen
26 Roer and Overmaas 11
27 Zuiderzeeland 12 10 sedimentation tank
16 17 Q Q
18
19 screen grit trap

24
22
23 sludge treatment
20
25
21

b. grit trap in water line with cutting screen

sedimentation tank
26 Q Q
grit trap
cutting screen

sludge treatment

c. grit trap in sludge line

C A B
sedimentation tank
Q Q

sludge treatment
A - Screen sludge grit trap
B - Pipe
C - Bypass pipe
wastewater treatment

2
 wastewater treatment

Preface 4
1 Introduction 5
2 Primary Treatment 21
3 Biological Treatment 33
4 Additional Treatment 55
5 Sludge Treatment 61
6 Practical Considerations 71

3
wastewater treatment

Preface

The wastewater treatment lectures are designed to provide insight into the processes and techniques
that are applied in the wastewater treatment eld, where the focus is laid on the basic principles, local
conditions, basic circumstances and performance processes. Their mutual relationship is also explained.
After this it will be possible for a student to set up a schematic wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) and to
design various industrial components. This textbook is thus meant to bring about a general understanding
of the basic principles of the treatment of wastewater.

For this the following are necessary:

- knowledge of the composition of wastewater;
- the requirements that are placed on the puried wastewater (the efuent), and the entire wwtp;
- the wwtp design coming from the various treatment concepts;
- the operation and the application of purication techniques.

In this lecture and syllabus we make use of general rules of thumb and maybe somewhat old design
methods. Since this course is just an introduction to sewage treatment, the design methods you learn
here will give some basic insight in sizing of the different process units. However, nowadays, most
designs are based on the sludge kinetics and biological conversion rates. This will be taught in the
Masters Course Waste Water Treatment (CIE 4485)

This text book is similar in many ways to a cook book; just as in every cook book the ingredients,
techniques and recipes are essential. The ingredients of wastewater treatment are in the wastewater
itself, bacterial cultures, and purication chemicals. The techniques are divided into physical, chemical,
physical-chemical, and biological (aerobic and anaerobic) treatment techniques. Finally there are various
recipes to treat wastewater. This is what differentiates the purication concept (conguration of various
purication techniques).

The most important aspect of wastewater treatment is that the efuent (the puried wastewater) that
leaves the wwtp and is drained onto the surface water meets discharge requirements. Along with that
the purication water authorities (the regional water authority, the district water control board, and the
sewage purication board) will pursue an environmentally friendly or sustainable design and operations
with minimal effects on society.

For an in depth knowledge refer to Wastewater Engineering, Treatment and Reuse, 4th edition, Metcalf
and Eddy, 2003; ISBN 0-07-112258. In this syllabus there is continual referral to the chapters in
this manual with ME This book is also used in the continuation lectures in the Masters Programme.