Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 6 LANDING
Landing Distance .......................................................................................................... 1
Landing Distanco Corrections ....................................................................................... 2
Using a Landing Distance Required Table.................................................................... 2
Using tho 33 0 Flap Landing Distance Roquirod Corroction Table ........... ..................... 2
Failure Conditions ...... ................................................................................................... 3
Landing with Full Safety Factors under Failure Conditions ........................................... 3
Landing without the Full Safety Factors under Failure Conditions ............ .................... 4
Maximum Landing Weight for Flap Zero ....................................................................... 5
How to Get a Landing Distance .................................................................................... 6
Braking Action and Coefficiont of Friction ..................................................................... 30
METAR Runway State Code......................................................................................... 30
SNOWTAMS ...................................................... ........................................................... 32
Landing Distance
Tables of landing distance required for a manual landing with 33~ of flap are given in this
Chapter for the following runway states:
Dry - Table 6.1.
Wet - Table 6.2.
Contaminated with compacted snow - Table 6.3.
Contaminatad with dry or wat snow - Tabla 6.4.
Contaminated with slush - Table 6.5.
Contaminated with standing water - Table 6.6.
Contaminated with wet ice - Table 6.7 .
If the runway is reported as "slippery when wef', the wet ice tables must be used.
The dry landing distance required is the actual landing distance on a dry runway multiplied
by 1.67; thus 67% of the actual landing distance is added as a safety factor.
The wet landing distance required is the actual landing distance on a dry runway multiplied
by 1.92; this is based on the 67% safety factor from above and additional 15'% to account
for the wet runway.
The contaminated landing distance required is the actual landing distance on a
contaminated runway multiplied by 1.15; thus 15% of the actual landing distance is added
as a safety factor.
Landings on contaminated runways are only allowed with lIaps 33 ~ and the following fully
serviceable; the lift spoilers. the airbrakes. the anti-skid and the wheelbrakes,
The landing distance tables give the landing distance required for a 33 flap landing with:
Airbrakes deployed before the lIare.
Lift spoilers serviceable.
Anti-skid serviceable.
Runway slope zero.
Ambient temperature ISA.
Speed over the threshold no more than V REF + 7 kt.
CF'l~
umd ing Distant;e Co n-er;;lio n Table
Gives corrections for: ~prOPrilile Failure Tl ble
, Slope
,. Temperiliure
, Speed. Mu lt ipli er )
" Steep ilpproKh - ,-
CL,"d~' ">1m:...ul ~d '0' " . ft., wf," " " ulol}' IKto,/:_ _ -<O., ~
Landing d i stance for failure with 67% safety factor
...-*--...
Multiply Landlrtg dllt.nci tor 'ailu,. Wth 15% lllfety 'KIM
2000
37000 3000 2630 2120 1800 1690 1580 1490 1390
38000 3020 2650 2150 1830 1730 1620 1520 1420
39000 3040 2680 2190 1870 1760 1650 1550 1450
40 000 3070 2710 2220 1 910 1800 1690 1 590 1490
2000
37000 3510 2980 2280 1880 1750 1620 1510 1400
Pressure
Altitude weightr-cc~TT'Citwcc.;"CdC(,k'C)-cc--r~:--r~ccHC"CdCW:;"Cdcc(kr')~:--r-C:--i
(ft) (kg) t5 10 5 0 10 20 30 40
28 000 3360 2770 2020 1610 1 490 1 370 12701170
29000 3390 2810 2070 1660 1540 1420 13101210
30 000 3430 2850 2120 1 700 1 560 1 460 1 350 1 250
31000 3460 2900 2160 1 7 50 1 620 1 500 1 390 1 290
32000 3490 2940 2210 1800 1 670 1 540 1 430 1 320
33000 3 530 2980 2260 1 850 1 720 1 590 1 470 1 360
34 000 3570 3020 2310 1900 1 760 1 630 1 520 1 400
35000 3600 3060 2360 1950 1 810 1 660 1 560 1 440
4000
36000
u_ .= .,. ,_
3640 3110 2410 2000
,om
1860
,_
1720
,= ,_ ,=
1 600 1 480
Pressure
Altitude weightr-cc~TT'Citwcc.;"CdC(,ktC)-cc--r~:--r~ccHC"CdCW:;"Cdcc(krt)~:--r-C:--i
(ft) (kg) t5 10 5 0 10 20 30 40
28 000 4580 3940 3100 2610 2460 2320 2190 2060
29000 4620 3990 3150 2660 2520 2370 22402110
30 000 4650 4040 3210 2720 2570 2420 2290 2160
31000 4690 4080 3260 2 780 2620 2470 2340 2210
32000 4 730 4 130 3320 2830 2680 2520 2390 2250
33000 4 760 4 170 3370 2890 2730 2560 2440 2300
34 000 4800 4220 3430 2950 2790 2630 2490 2350
35000 4840 4270 3490 3010 2850 2660 2540 2400
36000 4880 4310 3540 3060 2900 2740 2590 2450
4000
37000 4910 4360 3600 3120 2960 2790 2650 2500
38000 4950 4410 3660 3180 3020 2850 2700 2550
39000 4990 4450 3720 3240 3070 2900 2750 2600
40000 5030 4500 3 770 3300 3130 2960 2810 2650
41000 5070 4550 3830 3360 3190 3020 2860 2700
42000 5110 4600 3890 3420 3250 3070 2910 2750
43000 5 140 4640 3950 3490 3310 3130 2970 2800
44 000 5160 4690 4010 3550 3370 3190 3020 2660
45000 5220 4 740 4070 3610 3430 3240 30ao 2910
28000 4660 4040 3210 2 720 2570 2420 2290 2160
29 000 4690 4090 3270 2780 2630 2460 2340 2210
30 000 4 730 4 130 3320 2840 2690 2530 2400 2260
310004 77041803380 2900 2 740 2590 2450 2310
32000 4610 4230 3440 2960 2800 2640 2500 2360
33000 4850 4280 3500 3020 2860 2 700 2560 2410
34 000 4690 4330 3560 3000 2920 2760 2610 2460
35 000 4930 4360 3620 3140 2980 2610 2660 2520
36 000 4970 4420 3680 3210 3040 2870 2 720 2570
6000
37000 5010 4470 3740 3270 3100 2930 2760 2620
38 000 5050 4520 3600 3330 3160 2990 2630 2670
39000 5090 4570 3860 3390 3220 3040 2890 2 730
40 000 5130 4620 3930 3460 3280 3100 2940 2760
41000 5 170 4670 3990 3520 3340 3160 3000 2840
42000 5210 4720 4050 3590 3400 3220 3060 2890
43000 5250 4770 4110 3650 3470 3260 3120 2950
44000 5290 4820 4180 3 720 3530 3340 31 703000
45000 5330 4880 4240 3 780 3590 3400 3230 3060
Rap System
Yellow
System
AND i Flaps and~~~
spoilers lost_
inoperative.
is inoperative
green spoilers lost
I-____ Failure;:::==~~~~~~~~~~~~=======~
Yellow
System
AND
Table 6.15 Maximum landing Weight for Flap Zero (kg) RF507 AMtA
Pressure W d Air Temperature ( "C)
Altitude (~~)
(M) :S: -20 -10 o 10 20 30 40 50
40 head 42400 41800 41000 40 500 39500 38800 38 100
30 head 43 400 41 400 40 800 40 000 39 400 38600 37900 37200
20 head 42 300 40 400 39 800 39 000 38 400 37600 36900 36 100
Sea 10 head 40 200 39 400 38 800 38 000 37 500 36700 35500 34400
Level Zero 39 200 38 400 37 800 37 100 36 200 34900 33800 32800
5 tail 37 500 37 000 36 300 34 600 33 800 32400 31 300 30 400
10tail 36 000 34400 33600 32100 31200 29900 29 000 28200
15 tail 32 800 31 100 30 700 29 700 28 600 27500 26600 25800
40 head 42 500 41 800 40 900 40 300 39 400 38700 37900 37800
30 head 41 500 40 800 39900 39200 38500 37800 37 000 36300
20 head 40 500 39800 38 900 38200 37500 36800 35900 34700
10 head 39500 38800 37900 37300 36600 35400 34200 34 100
1000
Zero 38500 37800 37 000 36 000 34800 33700 32600 31 600
5 tail 37 100 36300 34 500 33400 32300 31 300 30 100 29400
10 tail 34400 33600 32 000 31 000 29800 28900 28 000 27 100
15 tail 32 000 30 700 29 500 28400 27500 26700 25700 25 000
40 head 41800 40 900 40 200 39500 38800 37800 37600 36700
30 head 40 800 39900 39 100 38600 37900 36900 36100 35 000
20 head 39800 38900 38 100 37600 36900 35800 34500 33400
10 head 38800 37900 37200 36700 35500 34 100 33900 31 900
2000
Zero 37800 37 000 35900 34700 33600 32500 31 400 30 400
5 tail 36300 34500 33200 32 000 31 100 30 200 29300 28200
10 tail 33600 32 000 30 600 29500 28800 28 000 27100 26200
15 tail 30 700 29500 28300 27400 26500 25700 24900 24 100
40 head 41 000 40 300 39500 38700 37700 37500 36600
30 head 40 000 39200 38 600 37800 36800 36 000 34900
20 head 39 000 38200 37600 36800 35700 34400 33300
10 head 38 000 37300 36700 35400 34 000 33800 31 800
3000
Zero 37 100 36 000 34 700 33500 32400 31 300 30 300
5 tail 34600 33400 32 000 31 000 30 100 29200 28200
10 tail 32 100 31 000 29 500 28800 28 000 27 000 26100
15 tail 29700 28400 27400 26400 25600 24800 24 000
Table 6.15 Contd Maximum Landing Weight for Aap Zero (kg) RF507 AMl A
Pressure Air Temperature ( "C)
Wind
Altitude
(k11 :S: 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50
(ft)
40 head 40400 39500 38700 37600 37400 36500 35300
30 head 39300 38 600 37800 36700 35900 34800 33 700
20 head 38300 37600 36800 35600 34300 33200 32 100
10 head 37400 36700 35400 33900 33700 31 700 30700
4000
Zero 36 100 34 700 33500 32300 31 200 30200 29 200
5 tail 33400 32000 31 00030000 29000 28 100 27200
10 tail 31000 29 500 28800 27900 27000 26200 25300
15 tail 28600 27400 26400 25600 24600 24000 23 100
40 head 39400 38 600 37600 37300 36300 35200 34 000
30 head 38500 37700 36700 35800 34600 33600 32400
20 head 37500 36700 35600 34200 33000 32000 30900
10 head 36600 35300 33900 33600 31 500 30600 29 500
5000
Zero 34800 33 400 32300 31 100 30000 29 100 28 100
5 tail 32300 31 000 30000 28900 27800 27000 26 100
10 tail 29800 28800 27900 26900 25900 25 100 24300
15 tail 27500 26500 25600 24600 23700 23000 22 100
40 head 38700 37500 37300 36300 35000 33900 32800
30 head 37800 36600 35800 34600 33400 32300 31 300
20 head 36800 35500 34200 33000 31 800 30800 29 800
10 head 35400 33800 33600 31 500 30400 29400 28400
6000
Zero 33500 32200 31 100 30000 28900 28000 27 100
5 tail 31000 30000 28900 27800 26800 26000 25 100
10 tail 28800 27900 26900 25900 24700 24000 23400
15 tail 26400 25600 24600 23700 22700 22000
1.1
". '''' 41h 51h 6th 71h .,h
t t t t t
I I I
Extent of Oeposit Depth of deposit Fricti o n Coefficient or
Code Meaning Code Meaning Braking Actio n
1 10% or less 00 <: 1 mm Code Meanl~
2 111025% 01 1090 Deplh in mm Friction
5 26 to 50% 92 10 cm 01 to 90 coefficient
9 51 10100% 93 15 cm times 100
I Nol reported 94 20cm 91 Poor
95 25cm 92 Medium/Poor
96 30cm 93 Medium
97 35cm 94 Medium/Good
98 40cm 95 Good
99 Rwy closed 99 Unreliable
Depth not significant or /I Nol given
/I
not measurable
j .3 p4 0 6 0 0 002
SNOWTAMS
A SNOWTAM is a message describing the conditions on the runways, taxiways and apron
at an aerodrome. The messago consists of items identified by letters, Table 6, 17 lists the
items against the letters. Figure 6.3 gives the codes for lriction, type of deposit and extent
of the deposit.
Left and right sidos of the runway are as viewed from the threshold of the runway with the
lower runway designation number. L signifies the left side, R signifies the right side and LR
signifies both sides.
Some items cover each third of the full runway length. The data for each third is separated
by strokes. The data starts from the end of the runway with the lower runway designation
number.
Friction measurement is given either as:
A measured or cafculated coefficient of friction together with the friction measuring
device.
OR
An estimated braking action. The estimated friction associated with the braking
action is given in Table 6.16.