Geological Modeling | NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MOQUEGUA

CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................2
2. DEFINITION...........................................................................................................................2
3. GEOLOGICAL MODEL.......................................................................................................3
4. PROCEDURE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A GEOLOGICAL 3D MODEL...........3
5. THE GEOLOGICAL MODELING PROCESS...................................................................4
6. GEOLOGIC MODELING COMPONENTS........................................................................4
7. GEOLOGICAL MODELING SOFTWARE.........................................................................5
8. CONCLUSIONS....................................................................................................................5
9. BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................................................................................................5

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 Geological Modeling | NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MOQUEGUA

GEOLOGICAL MODELING

1. INTRODUCTION

The modeling work allows the integration of multiple 3D and 2D data sets and the
Rapid evaluation of real-time exploration objectives. In any mining operation, the
understanding of the geology of the site and the rocks of Is essential for resource
estimation, geotechnical engineering, Mining and mineral processing planning are
successful. With a unique combination of structural geology and hands-on mining
experience, Improves mine development, operations and exploration near the mine.
The models Miners will improve the near-mine exploration objectives, The mapping
and control of law.

2. DEFINITION
Geologic modelling, Geological modelling or Geomodelling is the applied
science of creating computerized representations of portions of the Earth's crust based
on geophysical and geological observations made on and below the Earth surface.

Geomodelling is commonly used for managing natural resources, identifying natural

hazards, and quantifying geological processes, with main applications to oil and gas
fields, groundwater aquifers and ore deposits.

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 Geological Modeling | NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MOQUEGUA

3. GEOLOGICAL MODEL
A geological model corresponds to a mathematical or conceptual representation of a
phenomenon, from input data usually obtained from drilling, in order to predict the
results of the phenomenon in places where they are unknown. Therefore, geological
modeling is generally intended to interpret the location, shape and volume of geological
units. The information that defines these units generally comes from categorical
variables such as alteration, mineralogy, lithology, among others.

Figure 1 Example of a surface model Figure 2 Example of a body model.

4. PROCEDURE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A GEOLOGICAL 3D MODEL

The flow diagram to establish a 3D model is shown in Figure 3. The steps to be
performed are data preparation, data import, surface model, body model, and
presentation.

Figure 3 Flow diagram showing the development of a 3D geological model.

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 Geological Modeling | NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MOQUEGUA

5. THE GEOLOGICAL MODELING PROCESS

The Figure 4 illustrates the steps in a typical geological modeling process

Figura 4 Overview of the Geological Modeling Process.

6. GEOLOGIC MODELING COMPONENTS

Structural framework.- Incorporating the spatial positions of the major
formation boundaries, including the effects of faulting, folding,
and erosion (unconformities).

Rock type.- Each cell in the model is assigned a rock type.

Reservoir quality.- Reservoir quality parameters almost always

include porosity and permeability, but may include measures of clay content,
cementation factors, and other factors that affect the storage and deliverability
of fluids contained in the pores of those rocks.

Fluid saturation.- Most rock is completely saturated with groundwater.

Sometimes, under the right conditions, some of the pore space in the rock is
occupied by other liquids or gases.

Geostatistics.- An important part of geologic modelling is related

to geostatistics. In order to represent the observed data, often not on regular
grids, we have to use certain interpolation techniques.

Mineral Deposits.- Geologists involved in mining and mineral exploration use

geologic modelling to determine the geometry and placement
of mineral deposits in the subsurface of the earth.

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 Geological Modeling | NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MOQUEGUA

7. GEOLOGICAL MODELING SOFTWARE

Software developers have built several packages for geologic modelling purposes.
Such software can display, edit, digitise and automatically calculate the parameters
required by engineers, geologists and surveyors.

Geologic modelling and visualisation

Datamine Studio RM GSI3D

MineSight GOCAD

SGS Genesis SKUA

IRAP RMS Suite Petrel

Geomodeller3D Rockworks

Geosoft provides GM-SYS and Move

VOXI 3D modelling software

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8. CONCLUSIONS
The creation of a geological model is one of the first stages in the estimation of
resources and requires a thorough knowledge of the reservoir and a validated
database.
The geological modelling tools is developing rapidly e.g. to include 3D
visualisation and interpretation and real-time fly-throughs of the models, and the
integration of all available geological and geophysical data.
The models can be continuously updated to include new data when these are
available in order to optimise the performance of the models.
Erroneous geological models may result in strongly misleading results, that may
result in wrong and costly management decisions.

9. BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_modelling
https://geologiaminera.jimdo.com/geoestadistica-minera/
https://www.liag-
hannover.de/fileadmin/user_upload/dokumente/Grundwassersysteme/BURVAL/
buch/127-132.pdf
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?
doi=10.1.1.527.5533&rep=rep1&type=pdf