Professional Documents
Culture Documents
O
Organized
i d and
d supported
t dbby
European Commission
DG Joint Research Centre
DG Enterprise and Industry
Russian Federation
Federal Highway Agency, Ministry of Transport
R il
Railway Bridges
B id
Basis of Design of railway bridges, some important
points
The European High Speed Railway Network with
examples of Steel and Composite Railway Bridges
Dr. h.c.
c Marcel
a ce Tschumi
sc u
Retired, ex Head of Bridges at SBB
(Swiss Federal Railways)
EN 1991-
1991-2 CONTENTS
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 3
Foreword
Section 1 General
Section 2 Classification of actions
Section 3 Design
g situations
Section 4 Road traffic actions and other
actions specifically for road bridges
Section
S ti 5 A ti
Actions on ffootways,
t cycle
l
tracks and footbridges
Section 6 Rail traffic actions and other
actions specifically for railway
bridges
g
EN 1991-
1991-2 CONTENTS (continued)
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 4
Annex
A A (I) M d l off special
Models i l vehicles
hi l ffor road
dbbridges
id
Annex B (I) Fatigue life assessment for road bridges.
Assessment method based on recorded
traffic
Annex C (N) Dynamic factors 1+1+ for real trains
Annex D (N) Basis for the fatigue assessment of railway
structures
t t
Annex E (I) Limits of validity of load model HSLM and the
selection of the critical universal train from
HSLM--A
HSLM
Annex F (I) Criteria to be satisfied if a dynamic analysis is
not required
Annex G (I) Method for determining the combined
response off a structure
t t andd track
t k tot variable
i bl
actions
Annex H (I) Load models for rail traffic loads in transient
situations
EN 1990 - Annex A2 (Amendment A1) - Content
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 5
The freedom for the choice of the factor could provoke a non
homogeneous railway network in Europe! Therefore in UIC Leaflet 702
(2003) = 1,33 is generally recommended for all new bridges
constructed for the international freight network, unfortunately not
p y
compulsory!
=1
1,33
33
Factor alpha, situation 2011
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 9
EN 1991-2
1991 2
factor
= 1,46
1 46
= 1,33
= 1,21
= 1,10
= 1,00
,
=
1,00/1,33
= n.n.
Choice of the factor for ULS
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 10
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 11
Mass p
per m = p 16t 18t 20t 22,5t 25t
1 5 t/m A B1
2 6,4 t/m B2 C2 D2
(~1920) (~1970)
3 7,2 t/m C3 D3
4 8 t/m C4 D4 E4
(2003)
5 8,8 t/m E5
UIC track classes
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 12
C4 Q= 20 t D4 Q= 22.5 t
q = 8 t/m q = 8 t/m
E4 Q= 25 t E5 Q= 25 t
q = 8 t/m q=88,8
8 t/m
Heavier loads do not significantly influence the costs
of bridges!
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 13
3.5
2.5
2.19
2
1.5
0.5
0
Mengbach
Muota
uchloe
Worblaufen
mpten
Ness
Kem
Bu
Heavier loads do not significantly influence the
costs of bridges!
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 14
4 3 91
3.91
0
Mollebakken
Kamb obekken
Ho lendalen
Sallaumines
ormonne
TGVNord
Vlake
Scarpe
Verberie
V
La So
RN2/T
E Erfttalstrasse, ABS 4/S 13, line Kln - Aachen, km
21,223, (D)
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 15
E Erfttalstrasse, ABS 4/S 13, line Kln - Aachen, km
21,223, (D)
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 16
Heavier loads do not significantly influence the costs
of bridges!
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 17
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 21
Practical example:
Remark:
Prestressed bridge,
but the result
would be the same
for a composite
bridge
How can we avoid expansion joints in the rails to get long welded
rails (LWR) over a bridge more than 90 m long?
Fix point on an abutment:
LT =37 + 42,5
42 5 + 29
29,5
5 m = 109 m > 90 m => LWR not poss
poss.
With a fix point on a pier => LWR possible:
LT1= 37 + 42,5 = 79,5 m < 90 m LT2=29,5 m < 90 m
With fix points on two piers => LWR poss., chosen solution):
LTmax = 42,5/2 + 37 m = 79,5 m < 90 m
Viaduc de la Moselle, interaction track - bridge
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 23
Viaduc de la Moselle, interaction rail
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 24
General:
It cannot be stressed often enough
eno gh that railway
rail a bridges must
m st be
designed and constructed in a fatigue-resistant way. For having
optimal Life Cycle Costs (LCC) and for reaching the intended
design life of minimum 100 years, all important structural
members shall be designed for fatigue!
Dynamic coefficient 2 3
(d t
(determinant
i t length
l th L Table
T bl 6.2)
6 2)
START
no yes
Figure 6.10
(6)
account less
nT > 1,2 n0
track
For the dynamic
analysis use the
eigenforms for
U T
Use Tables
bl F1 and
(2)
d F2 maintenance
maintenance,
torsion and for
bending no dynamic
Eigenforms no yes
study is
v/n0 (v/n0)lim
for bending
sufficient
(2) (3) (7)
necessary for
Dynamic analysis required
Dynamic analysis not
required.
At resonance acceleration
speeds 200
km/h.
Calculate bridge deck check and fatigue check not
acceleration and dyn etc. in required.
accordance with 6.4.6 (note 4) Use with static analysis in
accordance
.
Rolling stock for high speeds (STI)
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 31
Articulated trains
Conventional trains
Regular trains
Models HSLM-A for int. lines
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 32
6 20
5.5
5 15
N
45
4.5
4 10
3.5
d [m]]
3 5
2.5
2 0
1.6
2.5
2.8
3.2
3.5
3.8
4.2
4.5
4.8
5.5
5.8
6.5
1
L [m]
Application of HSLM-A and HSLM-B
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 34
Structural Span
configuration
L < 7m L 7m
aggressiveness
curve (E
(E.7)
7)
Critical
wavelength of
excitation c
(E.18)
Supplementary design checks for V > 200km/h
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 36
RT
Verification of fatigue where dynamic analysis is required
Verification of twist
Oulu
v > 250 km/h
planned
Tampere
Hamburg
Dublin Minsk
Amsterdam Berlin Poznan
London Hannover Warszawa
Bristol Brux
Kln
Praha Kiev
Fkft Katowice
Lux Krakow
Nrnberg
Paris Wien
Strasbg Bratislava
B ti l
Mnchen Budapest
Nantes Zrich Chisinau
Ljubljana
Lyon Milano
Zagreb
Bordeaux Beograd
Torino Bologna Bucuresti
Corua Toulouse Sarajevo
Nice
Vitoria Sofia
Marseille Podgorica
Vigo
Roma Skopje
Valladolid Tirana Istanbul
Porto Zaragoza Barcelona
Madrid Ankara
Napoli Thessaloniki
Bursa
Sivas Information given by the Railways
Valencia
Konya Kayseri
Lisboa
Ali
Alicante Athinai I mir
Izmir
Sevilla
UIC - High-Speed
Mlaga
Updated 14.12.2008
European HS Network Forecasting 2025
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 38
Tampere
Hamburg
Dublin Minsk
Amsterdam Berlin Poznan
London Hannover Warszawa
Bristol Brux
Kln
Praha Kiev
Fkft Katowice
Lux Krakow
Nrnberg
Paris Wien
Strasbg
Mnchen
Bratislava Information given by the Railways
Budapest
Nantes Zrich Chisinau
Ljubljana
Lyon Milano
Zagreb
UIC - High-Speed
Bordeaux Beograd
g
Torino Bologna B
Bucuresti
ti Updated 14
14.12.2008
12 2008
Corua Toulouse
Nice Sarajevo
OG/IB
Vitoria Sofia
Marseille Podgorica
Vigo
Roma Skopje
Valladolid Tirana Istanbul
Porto Zaragoza Barcelona
Madrid Ankara
Napoli Thessaloniki Sivas
Bursa
Valencia
Konya Kayseri
Lisboa
Alicante Athinai Izmir
Sevilla
Mlaga
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 41
Mid-span cross section of the Arroyo Las Piedras
viaduct
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 42
Hogging cross section of the Arroyo Las Piedras
viaduct
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 43
Half through bridges with two lateral main girders
(welded plates), France
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 44
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 45
Half through bridges with two lateral main girders
(welded plates), France
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 46
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 47
Vi d t crossing
Viaduct i A31 near Lesmsnils
L il
Viaduct crossing A31 near Lesmsnils
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 49
Viaduc de Mornas, LGV Mditerrane, span 121,4 m,
built 1999, F
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 50
Viaduc de la Garde-Adhmar, LGV Mditerrane, 2
spans of 115.4 m, total length 325 m, built in 2000, F
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 51
Viaduc du Page de lA7 Bonpas (TGV Md.,1998,
span 124 m), F
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 52
Sesia Viaduct,Torino-Milano High Speed
Railway line, 2003, (I)
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 53
7 x 46 m = 322 m
Sesia viaduct
Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 54
13600
1800 2500 2500 2500 2500 1800
4586.5
3350