FASHION DESIGN

Abstract

Fashion design is the art of the application of design and aesthetics or natural
beauty to clothing and accessories. Fashion design is influenced by cultural and
social latitudes, and has varied over time and place. In the world of fashion, every
new product or style begins with an idea. Fashion design is defined by the creators
of new footwear, clothing and accessories. Fashion designing involves a set of
skills that range from market research and creativity to sketching and fabric
selection. Modern fashion design is divided into two basic categories: haute
couture and ready-to-wear.

Fashion designers work in a number of ways in designing clothing and accessories

such as bracelets and necklace, because of the time required to bring a garment
onto the market, must at times anticipate changing consumer tastes.

Fashion designers attempt to design clothes which are functional as well as

aesthetically pleasing. They must consider who is likely to wear a garment and the
situations in which it will be worn. They have a wide range and combinations of
materials to work with and a wide range of colors, patterns and styles to choose
from.

Designer collections have a higher quality and finish as well as a unique design.
They often represent a certain philosophy and are created to make a statement
rather than for sale. Some clothes are made specifically for an individual, as in the
case of haute couture or bespoke tailoring. Today, most clothing is designed for the
mass market, especially casual and every-day wear.

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 Table of Contents

1. Introduction
1.1 What is Fashion..6
1.2 Evolution of Fashion and Design..7
2. History of Fashion Clothes
2.1 The Victorian Era (1837-1901).9
2.2 Fashion in the 20s.10
2.3 Fashion in the 40s and 50s....11
2.4 Fashion in the 60s and 70s....12
2.5 Fashion in the 8os and 90s....13
2.6 Modern Fashion.16
2000-2003...14
2004-2006...14
2007-2009...15
2010-Present..15
3. Creation of Fashion Apparels.16

4. Top Fashion Cities of the World.16

5. Fashion Accessories.17

6. Fashion Cycle.....17

7. Top Fashion Brands ........18

8. Top Fashion Magazines...19

9. Top Fashion Designers....20

10. Conclusion.22

11. Bibliography..23

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 List of Images and Charts

1. Fashion costume sketches.6

2. The Chruit salon on Place Vendme in Paris, 1910....8

3. Fashion house posters, France and Budapest, 19108

4. Dresses in Victorian Era.....9

5. Accessories of Victorian Era......9

6. Dresses of 20s....10

7. Dresses of 40s and 50s....11

8. Dresses of 60s and 70s ...12

9. Dresses of 80s and 90s ...13

10. 2010-Present Fashion trend sketches.......15

11. Creation of Fashion Apparels..16

12. Ranking of the 2014 World Fashion Capital..16

13. Fashion Accessories..17

14. Top Fashion Brands...18

15. Top Fashion Magazines....19

16. Top Fashion Designers..20

17. New York Fashion Week Spring 2014.21

Graph
1. Fashion Cycle.17

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1. Introduction

1.1 What is Fashion?

Fashion is not something that exists in dresses only. Fashion is in the sky, in the
street, fashion has to do with ideas, the way we live, what is happening.

~ Beautiful Quote by Coco Chanel (Fashion Designer)

Fashion is basically the styles that are accepted and used by a particular group
of people at a given time. It is what designers create for a select population and which
later becomes a trend. To be a fashion, an item must possess the following:

Style: Must be unique and different from the regulars.

Change: Must change according to time.
Acceptance: Must be accepted by a group of people over a certain period.

Fashion is a popular style or practice, especially in clothing, footwear,

accessories, makeup, body piercing, or furniture. Fashion is a distinctive and often
habitual trend in the style in which a person dresses. It is the prevailing styles in
behavior and the newest creations of textile designers. The more technical term
costume has become so linked to the term "fashion" that the use of the former has
been relegated to special senses like fancy dress or masquerade wear, while
"fashion" means clothing more generally, including the study of it. Although aspects
of fashion can be feminine or masculine, some trends are androgynous.

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1.2 Evolution of Fashion and Design

Fashion design is generally considered to have started in the 19th century

with Charles Frederick Worth who was the first designer to have his label sewn
into the garments that he created. Before the former draper set up his maison
couture (fashion house) in Paris, clothing design and creation was handled by
largely anonymous seamstresses, and high fashion descended from that worn at
royal courts. Worth's success was such that he was able to dictate to his customers
what they should wear, instead of following their lead as earlier dressmakers had
done.

The term couturier was in fact first created in order to describe him. While all
articles of clothing from any time period are studied by academics as costume
design, only clothing created after 1858 are considered as fashion design. His
fashion house became so famous that people were able to attach a face and a name
to designs when they knew they were from the House of Worth. This was the
beginning of the tradition to have a designer of a house not only create clothing,
but also represent the symbol of the brand.

It was during this period that many design houses began to hire artists to sketch or
paint designs for garments. The images were shown to clients, which was much
cheaper than producing an actual sample garment in the workroom. If the client
liked their design, they ordered it and the resulting garment made money for the
house.

Thus, the tradition of designers sketching out garment designs instead of

presenting completed garments on models to customers began as an economy.

Fashion is Architecture. It is a matter of proportions. ~ Coco Chanel

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The Chruit salon on Place Vendme in Paris, 1910

Fashion House Posters, France and Budapest, 1910

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2. History of Fashion Clothes
2.1 The Victorian Era (1837-1901)

The dresses were social standard for women. The dresses had a conservative
cut. The women in the Victorian Era always used to wear Corsets and used
Crinolines. The dresses during this period had many frills and ruffles. It was an era
when women wore long dresses. Men wore tight-fitting, calf length frock coats and
a waistcoat or vest. Cutaway morning coat was worn with light trousers during the
daytime, and a dark tail coat and trousers was worn in the evening.

Dresses worn by men and women in The Victorian Era

Accessories of the Victorian Era

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2.2 Fashion in the 20s

The women liberated themselves by cutting their hair short and no longer
wearing the Victorian clothing. Hemlines were shortened and Corsets and
Crinolines were abandoned. Dresses were flowing and comfortable with Black as
the common color in clothing. The Flapper (1920 American silent comedy film,
starring Olive Thomas), with her bobbed haircut and short skirts became the style
icon of the 20s. 1920s fashion for men was the start of menswear. The essential
part of a 1920s mans wardrobe was his suit. For day, evening, office, or parties a
man always wore a suit. The only exceptions were for blue collar workers or young
teen and college men who dressed more casually. But even they owned suits and
wore them with pride.

Dresses of the 20s

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2.3 Fashion in the 40s and 50s

Because of rationing womens clothes had to have less fabric during the
World War II. This led the emergence of short dresses and skirts and jackets.
Sheath dresses replaced the following ones. And women rarely wore pants and
trousers during this decade. Another thing women ALWAYS wore: gloves. Men
were still pretty dressed up. Suits, ties and hats were commonplace in public.
Brighter and vibrant the colors more was it considered stylish.

Fashion of the 40s and 50s

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2.4 Fashion in the 60s and 70s

The 1960s featured many diverse trends, it became a decade that broke
many fashion traditions. Women's fashion in the early sixties was greatly
influenced by Jacqueline Kennedy, John F. Kennedy's wife. She introduced the
Pillbox hat, wore suits with boxy jackets and had oversized buttons. Womens
casual wear included Capri trousers. Simple, geometric dresses called Shift became
popular. Evening wear was full skirted ball dresses, they had a low dcolletage and
had loose fitting waists. Womens appearances changed- they wore fake eye lashes
and wore bikinis. The suits of the 1960s drifted away from the style of those in the
1950s. They were no longer pale, toned shades, they were bright and colorful, and
comfortable to wear too. Frills and cravats were seen and wide ties, trouser straps,
leather boots and collarless jackets became the new style, with the new style being
shaped by Mods in the 1960s.

Fashion during the 60s and 70s.

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2.5 Fashion in the 80s and 90s

No other decade is as notorious as the eighties, from neon leg warmers to

'MC Hammer' style trousers, the decade had everything.
In the early 1980s as both men and women began to wear looser shirts and tight,
close-fitting trousers. In the 1980s, rising pop star Madonna proved to be very
influential to female fashions. She first emerged on the dance music scene with her
street urchin look consisting of short skirts worn over leggings, necklaces, rubber
bracelets, fishnet gloves, hair bows, long layered strings of beads, bleached, untidy
hair with dark roots, head bands, and lace ribbons. Color was everything in the
eighties, and contrasting and clashing were at their peak. Popular clothing in the
early 1980s worn by men include tracksuits, V-neck sweaters, polyester and velour
polo-neck shirts, sports jerseys, straight-leg jeans, polyester button-ups, cowboy
boots, beanies, and hoodies.

Fashion of the 80s and 90s

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2.5 Modern Fashion

The 2000s fashion are often described as being a "mash-up, where trends
saw the fusion of previous styles, global and ethnic clothing, as well as the
fashions of numerous music-based subcultures, with hip-hop fashion generally
being the most popular among young people. Those 25 years of age and older
adopted a dressy casual style which was popular throughout the decade.
Globalization also influenced the decade's clothing trends, with the incorporation
of Middle Eastern and Asian dress into mainstream European, American and
Australasian fashion.

2000-2003

When the 2000s kicked off, the fashion was profoundly influenced by
technology. From late 1999 until late 2001, there was a futuristic approach to
fashion, with metallic, shiny blacks, straps, and buckles becoming commonplace.
This was called "Y2K fashion. Particular pieces of Y2K clothing included mesh
tops, box-pleated skirts, handkerchief tops, satin skirts, leather skirts, concert t-
shirts with rhinestones, sparkling shoes, halter tops, sequined pants and
embroidered and sequined tops, along with the famous pearl printed black cocktail
dress by Karen Walker, which was successful worldwide.

2004-2006

Popular mid 2000s trends for women were embroidered low-rise jeans,
flared yoga pants, thong underwear, cowl-neck tops, tube tops, denim jackets, bell-
sleeved shirts, jean shorts, crop tops, whale tails, tracksuits, cargo pants, Capri
pants, trench coats, puffy jackets, longer tank tops worn with a main blouse or
shirt, infantile dresses, 1940s inspired New Look dresses and sandals, leggings,
1960s style pea coats, tunics worn with wide or thin belts, and "vintage clothing"
including hippie. In 2006 the mini dress made a comeback with the hemlines being
unusually short.

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 2007-2009

The canary yellow dress Reese Witherspoon wore to the Golden Globes
helped establish that hue as a signature color in 2007.In 2008, there was a second
wave 1980s revival, which incorporated general items of late 1980s and early
1990s street wear, such as neon colors, gladiator shoes, animal print headbands,
denim-print jeggings, knitted sweater dresses, Nike Tempo shorts, sundresses,
geometric pattern tops, slap bracelets, ballet flats, black spandex leggings, light,
translucent tartan shirts worn with a camisole underneath, kinky boots, and ripped
skinny jeans. Fur coats made a comeback, although many women used "fish fur"
due to real fur's association with animal cruelty.

2010s fashion to Present

The 2010s (2010present) have thus far been defined by slim-fitted clothing,
a revival of austerity era period pieces, 1980s neon colors, and from late 2012
onwards, unisex early 1990s styles influenced by grunge and skater fashions. From
2010 to 2014 many late 2000s fashion trends remained popular in Europe, the
United States, East Asia, and Latin America, with pant styles such as acid wash
skinny jeans worn with black leather jackets for a "rock chick" look, "trouser-
dresses", micro skirts, romper suits, leather trousers, preppy colored jeans, skinny
colored jeans, ankle pants, ankle colored jeans worn especially with ballet flats,
Sperry top-siders boat shoes, or flat knee high riding boots.

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3. Creation of Fashion Apparels

By Modifying By Using Special Materials

By Modifying Color
Construction
Using different Changing pattern Using Special Fabric
color
By changing Using Special Trims
Using diverse positioning of
printing parts
Using Special Sewing
Thread
Using stripe and By changing the
check in different way of cutting
way

4. Top Fashion Cities of the World

2014 Rank City 2011 Rank Change from 2012 Country

1 New York, U.S. 2 +1
2 Paris, France 3 +2
3 London, England 1 -2
4 Milan, Italy 4 -4
5 Los Angeles, U.S. 5 +5
6 Barcelona, Spain 7 +2
7 Rome, Italy 13 0
8 Berlin, Germany 10 +3
9 Sydney, Australia 11 +7
10 Antwerp, Belgium 44 +2
Ranking of the World Fashion Capital 2014

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5. Fashion Accessories

A fashion accessory is an item which is used to contribute, in a secondary

manner, to the wearer's outfit. Accessories are often used to complete an outfit and
are chosen to specifically complement the wearer's look.

Fashion Accessories

Carried Worn

purses and handbags, hand

fans, umbrellas, canes, and boots and shoes, ties, hats,
ceremonial swords, Smart belts, gloves, muffs,
phones, Portable music jewelry, watches, shawls,
player etc. socks, and stockings etc.

6. Fashion Cycle

A period of time or life span during which the fashion exists, moving through
the five stages from introduction through obsolescence. All styles that come into
fashion rotate through the fashion cycle. Fashion acceptance can be illustrated using
a bell-shaped curve.
The first stage of the fashion cycle when something new is introduced. The second
stage of fashion is rise in consumer interest. The third stage of the fashion cycle
during which a style is at its height of popularity. The fourth stage is when popularity
decreases and fifth stage is when style is rejected and the market falls down.

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7. Top Five Fashion Brands

Emporio Armani was formed in 1975 in Italy and is

primarily known for its clean and tailored menswear
line. It include even belts, bags, fragrances, knitwear,
jackets and even sunglasses. Annual turnover of the
company amounts to $1.6 billion.

Christian Dior established his fashion house way back

in 1946. Diors New Look eventually revolutionized
womens clothing. It helped establish Paris as a
fashion center. The French brand is well known for its
accessories and fragrances.

The House of Gucci was built in 1921 by the Italian

fashion designer Guccio Gucci. Known for its wide
influence in the fashion world and its trendsetting
ways, Gucci is almost synonymous to leather goods
and accessories.

The Versace fashion company was only established in

1978, but the Italian grandeur that Gianni Versace
showcased brought the brand instant popularity. The
brand has lines in luxury clothes, accessories, cosmetics
and home furnishings. Its shops are spread all over the
world, with focus on fashion centers like New York City
and Milan.

The House of Chanel was established in 1909. Will

always be remembered for its perfume No. 5, the classic
Chanel suit, and the versatile little black dress. With Karl
Lagerfeld now its chief designer, Chanel has managed to
maintain its glory, earning almost $300 million a year.\

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8. Top Fashion Magazines

Cosmopolitan Marie Claire Elle

Harpers Bazaar Instyle Glamour

Lucky Allure W

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9. Top Fashion Designers

Alberta Ferretti
Anita Dongre
Anushka Khanna
Domenico Dolce and
Stefano Gabbana D&G
Ekaya
Elle Loves
Giorgio Armani
JBD New York
Karl Lagerfeld
Manish Malhotra
Prabal Gurung
Pernia Qureshi
Pernias Pop-Up Shop
Phillip Lim
Riccardo Tisci
Sabyasachi Mukherjee
Sonia Rykiel
Valentino Garavani
Varun Bahl
Vintage
White Champa

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The New York Fashion Week Spring 2014

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10. CONCLUSION

With Fashion Nothing is lost, nothing is created, everything is transformed.

Fashion designs encompasses a vibrant and diverse visual vocabulary. We have
taken an introductory journey from the beginnings in 19th century to a variety of
styles and applications that constitute fashion design in the early 21st century. It is
clear that fashion design continues to be shaped by evolving aesthetic and practical
requirements of the fashion industry.

Fashion Design enables us to define and redefine the way that we see others and
ourselves. Fashion designing can therefore be considered as a journey of self-
discovery that is fed by our imagination and ideas and refined with regular
practice.

Fashion with all its symbolism and attributes form an outstanding base for personal
and cultural identification. Identity is a necessary process of a healthy personality
as it is a part of self-realization of a person that is so much required for finding a
place in life of every person. Fashion has become a tool for achieving harmony
with the inner world and a way of revealing or concealing peculiarities. Fashion
possesses a specific meaning and the more diverse is the society around us the
more fashion-trend will appear and surprise us.

Oscar Wilde says that, Fashion is a form of ugliness so intolerable that we

have to alter it every six months.

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 BIBILIOGRAPHY

References
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2012

2. Fashion (2012, March 29). Wwd. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.wwd.com/fashion-news.

3. Encyclopedia Britannica, Retrieved from

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1706624/fashion-industry#toc296474

4. Fashion (2012, March 29). Wwd. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.wwd.com/fashion-news

5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion

6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design#See_also

7. http://www.pinterest.com/all/womens_fashion/

8. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=jGWWlVedQTQC&pg=PA81&lpg=PA81&dq=fashion+d
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