NO.

Scheme Mark
1a i Solution in which the concentration is accurately known
ii Volumetric flask is calibrated to higher accuracy than beaker
iii No. of mol , n = MV
= (2.0)(0.25)
= 0.50
No. of gram = (0.50)(40)
= 20 g
bi End point is the point at which the indicator change colour during acid-base
titration or neutralisation reaction
ii Yellow to orange
iii (21.00 + 19.95 + 20.05 ) /3 = 20.33cm3
iv 2KOH + H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2H2O
v 1
=
2

(20.33) 1
=
(1.25)(20) 2

= 0.61 moldm-3

2a Haber process
b Temperature: 450 -550 C Catalyst : iron pressure : 200 atm
c N2 + 3H2 2 NH3
d neutralisation
e Ammonium sulphate
f NH3 + HNO3 NH4NO3
No of mol of ammonia = 96 000 / 24 = 4000
No of mol of NH4NO3 = 4000 x 80
= 320 000 g

3a Isoprene of 2-methylbut-1,3-diene
b polymerisation
c

d vulcanisation
e Rubber strip is put into sulphur monochloride solution in methylbenzene
f Methanoic acid
g -Hydrogen ion from lactic acid produced by activity of bacteria in the air 3
neutralise the negative charge of protein membrane on rubber particles
-Rubber particles come closer and collide with each other
- rubber polymers are released and coagulate

4a So that the colour of halogen can be seen clearly

b X : colourless solution
Y: Orange / brown solution
c X is potassium chloride, Y is bromine
 Redox reaction occur/ chlorine oxidised bromide ion to bromine molecule
which is brown solution and itself reduced to chloride ion which is colourless
di Bromide ion
ii chlorine
iii Cl- Cl2 + 2e-
ei Purple solution is seen at Y/ the colourless solution turn purple. Y become
purple colour
ii -1 to 0

5a K3 Fe(CN)6
b Detect Fe(II) ion
ci O2 + H2O + e- OH- 2H+ +2e H2
ii Fe Fe + 2e-
2+

d Copper/ lead/ silver

e X, iron, Y
f Rusting of iron occur when iron lose electrons and oxidised to form Fe(II) ion in
the presence of water and air
g Paint the iron object/ alloying/ apply grease / sacrificial metal/ any two 2

6a Make sure all the oxygen gas in the combustion tube is removed/ make sure
continuous flow of hydrogen
b P, Q, Mg
ci Act as reducing agent / reduce P oxide
ii Copper
iii H2 + CuO Cu + H2O
iv No. of mol of metal P = 1.20 / 64
=0.019
No of mol of H2 = 0.019
Volume of H2 = 0.019 X 24
=0.46 dm3 ( 0.45- 0.48)
d Q oxide ( zinc oxide) is reduced to metal Q (zinc) by using carbon
Carbon is more reactive than Q (zinc)
7ai Catalyst is the substance that change the rate of reaction but itself remain
chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction
ii - catalyst lower the activation energy 3
- catalyst remain chemically unchanged in a chemical reaction
- catalyst is used in small quantity
- catalyst increase or decrease the rate of reaction
- catalyst is specific on certain reaction
ANY THREE
iii Temperature: 450-550 C 2
Pressure: 1 atm
b -Catalyst provide alternative pathway with lower activation energy 4
-More reactant particles can overcome the lowered activation energy
-The frequency of collision increase
-The frequency of effective collision also increase
c With the help of a diagram, explain an experiment to show the effect of 10
catalyst on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the laboratory.

1. 5cm3 hydrogen peroxide is poured into a test tube

2. A glowing wooden splinter is brought to the mouth of the test tube
3. The condition of the splinter is observed
4. A little amount of manganese (IV) oxide powder is added to the test
tube.
5. A glowing wooden splinter is brought to the mouth of the test tube
6. The condition of the splinter is observed

Result:
Experiment Observation
hydrogen peroxide Glowing splinter does not rekindle
hydrogen peroxide + Glowing splinter is rekindled
manganese (IV) oxide

Manganese (IV) oxide act as catalyst to increase the rate of decomposition of

hydrogen peroxide.
In the presence of catalyst, hydrogen peroxide decompose to produce oxygen
gas and water.
8a i Soluble salt: sodium chloride, magnesium chloride
Insoluble salt: argentum chloride
ii Argentum nitrate/ silver nitrate solution and sodium chloride solution
b With the aid of labelled diagram, explain the crystallization method for 10
preparing soluble salt from its saturated solution.

1. The saturated salt solution is filtered to remove excess reactant and

impurities
2. The saturated salt solution is heated in evaporating dish
3. to evaporate excess water
4. The salt solution is heated until about one third of its original volume
5. The saturated solution is cooled to room temperature until crystals
are formed
6. The crystals are obtained by filtration
7. The crystals are dried by pressing it between sheets of filter papers.

ci Nitrate ion. 4
1. 2cm3 Salt M ( Nitrate salt) solution is poured into a test tube.
2. few drops of dilute sulphuric acid followed by iron (II) sulphate
solution is added to the solution
3. Few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid is then added to the test
tube.
4. Brown ring is formed shows that nitrate ion is present
ii Magnesium ion, calcium ion (ANY TWO) 2

9a
alkane
Single bond between carbon atoms
Undergo substitution reaction/
Does not decolourise ________
Burn with less soot
Saturated hydrocarbon
4
alkene
At least one double bond between
carbon atoms
Undergo addition reaction/
Decolourise__________
Burn with more soot
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
b 1. About 5cm3 of alkane and alkene is poured into two separate test
tubes.
2. Few drops of bromine water/ acidified potassium manganate (VII)
solution is added to the two test tubes
3. The observation is recorded and tabulated
Results:
Type of hydrocarbon Observation
Alkane Brown bromine water/ purple
acidified potassium manganate
(VII) solution does not
decolourise
Alkene Brown bromine water/ purple
acidified potassium manganate
(VII) solution is decolourised

c Give two ways of producing ethanol. Your answers should include the sources, 8
reagents, conditions and the relevant chemical equations.
1. fermentation of alcohol
Yeast is added into glucose solution .
The solution is left for two weeks.
The fermentation product is distilled to obtain ethanol
C6H12O6 C2H5OH + CO2

2. Hydration of ethene
Ethene gas is reacted with steam
Under temperature of 300C and pressure 60atm in the presence of
phosphoric acid as catalyst
C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH

d Chemical properties: 4
1. burn in excess oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water
2. undergo oxidation to form ethanoic acid

Physical properties:
1. soluble in water
2. low melting and boiling point

10a The heat of combustion of ethanol is the heat released when one mol of
ethanol is burnt completely in oxygen.
b Mass of ethanol burnt = 25.69-25.23
= 0.46g
0.46 1
Number of mol of ethanol burnt = 46 = 0.01
Mass of water = 100g
Heat release = mc
= 100 x 4.2 x 32 1
 = 13440 J 1

13440 1
Heat of combustion = 0.01
= 1344 -1 1

C2H5OH + O2 H2O + CO2

1
c Draw an energy level diagram for the combustion of ethanol. 3

d Some heat is lost to the surrounding / absorbed by the apparatus/ 4

incomplete combustion of ethanol/

Wire gauze is not used

Water is stirred throughout the experiment
Windshield is used to protect the flame from wind
The flame is adjusted as nearer as possible to the bottom of the copper can
e If propanol, C3H7OH, and butanol, C4H9OH are used in the experiment to
replace ethanol, C2H5OH, explain the change in the heat of combustion.
Sketch a graph of the heat of combustion against the number of carbon
atoms in the alcohols.

The heat of combustion increase from ethanol to propanol to butanol 1

The number of carbon and hydrogen atom in the molecule increase, the 1
heat of combustion increase
More carbon dioxide and water molecules are formed as products 1
The heat released during the formation of bond in the product increase
So heat of combustion also increased