PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MAYNILA

Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Hardware

The prototype model consists of the following components:

-Gas Sensor

The gas sensor used in this study is an MQ-6 liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

sensor. It can be used in gas leakage detecting in household and industry

applications and is high sensitive to LPG, iso-butane and propane. This sensor can

detect gas concentrations from 200 ppm to 10000 ppm.

The MQ-6 has fast response time, stable performance and long life that

operates at 5 .The sensors output is an analog resistance.

Fig. 3.1. The MQ-6 Gas Sensor

-Temperature Sensor

LM35 is a precision integrated-circuit temperature sensor that has an output

voltage linearly proportional to the Celsius temperature. It operates over a

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-55 to 150 temperature range. This sensor has an advantage over

temperature sensors that are calibrated in Kelvin as it is not necessary to take away

a large voltage from its output to obtain Celsius scaling. As this device draws only

60 A from the power supply, another important characteristic of this sensor is its

low self-heating capability of less than 0.1 in still air.

Fig. 3.2. The LM35 Temperature Sensor

-Exhaust Fan

The exhaust fan was used in the prototype to eliminate the gas leakage

concentration and reduce heat in the air. Once the temperature exceeds the

preset value, the exhaust fan will turn on until the temperature goes back again to

the preset value.

-Buzzer

The buzzer was used to serve as an audio alarm device when the gas

leakage occurs. Most buzzers produce sound in the range of 2 to 4 kHz.

 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MAYNILA

-GSM Module

In the prototype, SIM900 GSM (Global System for Mobile

Communications) Module was used to establish communication between a mobile

device and a GSM system.

-Solenoid Valve

Solenoid valve is an actuator and electromechanically operated valve. It is

the most frequently used control elements in fluidics. It has two main parts: the

solenoid and the valve. The solenoid converts electrical energy into mechanical

energy which opens or closes the valve mechanically. This device was used in the

prototype to shut off the liquid LPG flow when the system detects a leakage.

A normally open two-port valve was used in the prototype where the valve

is open when the solenoid is not energized. If the valve is open, the two ports are

connected and fluid may flow between the ports. On the other hand, if the valve is

closed, the fluid will not flow.

-Microcontroller

-WiFi Module