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1. Hypothyroidism
2. Exposing the legs to subatmospheric pressure
3. High arterial blood pressure in the absence of heart failure
4. Varicose veins
5. destruction of pelvic lymphatics
Post-operative analgesia:
31. Epidural catheter analgesia will immobilise the patient
32. Local anaesthetic is limited by the size of the patient
33. Paracetamol can be given intravenously
34. NSAIDs are contraindicated in patients with renal impairment
In trauma
60. CT scan is the best imaging for head injuries
61. lap belts should be applied above the anterior iliac spines
62. a chest X-ray is the only investigation available for a pneumothorax
63. a tension pneumothorax is caused by a bronchopleural fistula
64. Paralytic ileus can result from spinal damage
Pulmonary embolism
65. Is associated with DVT in approximately 50% of cases
66. Most cases have noticeable CXR signs
67. Insertion of a vena cava filter is one method of prevention
68. Can show ventialtion-perfusion mismatch on ventilation-perfusion scanning
69. There will be a high arterial PCO2
Heparin
70. Is a mix of polypeptides
71. Has a half life of 12 hours
72. Can be reversed using protamine sulfate
73. Potentiates the action of antithrombin III
74. Can result in idiosyncratic thrombocytopenia
Mammography screening
75. Has reduced breast cancer mortality by 30%
76. Fails to identify 20% of breast cancers
77. Is carried out yearly
78. Detects cancer in 4 out of every 1000 patients screened
79. Is cost-effective for women aged 30 years and over
In cirrhosis, the following can provide a good indication of the progress of disease:
89. Serum aminotransferase
90. Alkaline phosphatase
91. Serum bilirubin
92. Prothrombin time
93. Serum albumin
Pharyngeal pouch:
99. Is commoner in young females
100. Invariably leads to carcinoma of the upper oesophagus
101. When visible, usually presents as a left-sided lump of the neck
102. Can present with vomiting of digested food
103. Even when small, will always present with difficulty vomiting