1. CBR test equipment and tools
LABORATORY VANE SHEAR
Used to load the penetration piston into the soil
sample at a constant rate of 1,27 mm/min (1
mm/min to BS Spec.), and to measure the applied
loads and pistons penetrations at determined
intervals.
Figure 13-8.Laboratory specimens are prepared;
second, a penetration test is performed upon the
prepared soil samples. Although one standardized
procedure has been established for the penetration
portion of the test, it is not possible to establish one
procedure for the preparation of tests specimens
since soil conditions and construction methods
vary widely. The soil test specimens are prepared
to duplicate the soil conditions existing (or expected
to occur later) in the field. Although penetration
tests are most frequently performed on laboratory-
compacted test specimens, they may also be
performed pon undisturbed soil samples or in
the field upon the soil in place. Detailed procedures
for preparing the test samples and performing the
test can be found in NAVFAC MO-330.CBR Test
Equipment and
2.
Hand Operated
Consists of a torque head adjustable in height by
means of a lead screw rotated by a drive wheel to
enable the vane to be lowered into the specimen.
Rotation of the vane is by means of a hand wheel
which operates a worm gear arrangement turning
the upper end of a calibrated torsion spring. Vane
dia, rod dia, vane size & vane height are as per IS
specification.
The Vane shaft is attached through the hollow upper
shaft to resettable pointer, which indicates the angle
of torgue on a dial graduated in degrees. The dial
reading multiplied by spring factory gives the torque.
A container for soil tube of 38mm I.D. & 150 mm
long can also be used as container. Complete with
set of springs, one each of approx
0.2kg/cm,4kg/cm,6 kg/cm,8 kg/cm in a nice teak
wooden carrying case.
Motorised Model
Complete with set of springs, one each of approx
0.2kg/cm, 4kg/cm,6 kg/cm,8 kg/cm in a nice teak
wooden carrying case. but with motorised, rate of
rotation is 1/60 RPM.
Relevant Standard : IS : 2720(Part-XXX)
3. CONE PENETROMETER having diameter of about 12 to 15 cm with smooth
surface as per IS 2720 (part V-1985)

4. Sieve Set

A sieve, or sifter, is a
device for separating
wanted elements
from unwanted
material or for
characterizing the
particle size
distribution of a
sample, typically
The cone penetration or cone penetrometer using a woven screen
test (CPT) is a method used to determine such as a mesh or net or metal. The word "sift"
the geotechnical engineering properties of soils and derives from "sieve". In cooking, a sifter is used to
delineating soil stratigraphy. It was initially separate and break up clumps in dry ingredients such
developed in the 1950s at the Dutch Laboratory for as flour, as well as to aerate and combine them. A
Soil Mechanics in Delft to investigate soft soils. Based strainer is a form of sieve used to separate solids
on this history it has also been called the "Dutch from liquid.
cone test".
5. SOIL HYDROMETER
It will consist of metallic cone with half angle of 15'
-30 15' and 30.50mm coned length. It will be fixed
at the end of a metallic rod with a disc at the top of
the rod so as to have a total sliding weight of 148
0.5 gms. The total rod shall pass through two guides.
(to ensure vertical movement) fixed to a stand.
Suitable provision will be made for clamping the
vertical rod at any desired height above the surface
of the paste in the trough. A brass trough 50 mm
internal diameter and 50 mm depth will be provided
as per IS specification resting on M.S.bars. There will be no abrupt changes in the cross section
of the hydrometer, that will hinder cleaning or drying
Optional Accessories
or permit air bubble to be trapped. The graduation
Ground Glass : 10mm thick and about 45 cm square of hydrometer will be on the basis of liquid having a
or larger rough glass as per IS 2720 (Part V-1985) for surface tension of 55 dynes/cm. The graduation lines
mixing soil and water will be at intervals of 0.0005, every alternate line will
Spatula : Flexible with blade about 8 cm long and 2 extend beyond the shortest lines; every tenth
cm wide made from stainless steel material as per graduation will exceed that of all the intervening
IS:2720 (part V-1985) lines and will be numbered in full. The basis of the
Evaporating dish : Made from porcelain material scale will be density (g/ml) at 27' deg C. The
maximum permissible scale error on the hydrometer
is plus or minus one scale division.
Hydrometer Jar (IS 2720, Part-IV, 1985, section
5.2.1.2)
It will be transparent glass with uniform thickness
and base size. It will have a mark of 1000 ml capacity
with 7 cm dia at a height of 330 mm_+5 mm. Over all
height of the cylinder will be about 400 mm without
spout
6. SOIL PERMEABILITY APPARATUS
Consists of gunmetal mould 100mm dia X 127.3mm
height X 1000ml volume, with collar of 100mm dia X
60mm high and drainage base plate, Drainage cap,
Metallic clamping ring, two porous stone for base
and cap, Dummy plate, air release valve. With a set
of three glass stand pipes approx.6mm, 10mm, and
20mm dia X 1 meter length mounted on a wooden
board, the end of the glass tube is serrated to
connect rubber tube of 3 meter length with pinch
cock.
7. AUTOMATICC OMPACTION APPARATUS
It is a motor driven mechanical compactor useful for
soil compaction into 100mm or 150mm dia moulds.
Two sets of rammers are provided, one of 2.6kg. And
the other of 4.89 kg arranged for 310mm and
450mm fall respectively. For compaction soil into
150mm dia moulds, 100mm face dia rammers having
weight of 4.89Kg is used. Where as for 100mm dia
moulds, they are of 50mm dia. The rammer
assembly is provided with a ratchet and pawl
arrangement to lift it from the top of the soil layer.
When the rammer reaches the required height the
pawl release the rammer, which falls freely on soil
surface. The release mechanism is connected by an
arm moving up and down which is connected to a
reduction gear coupled to the motor through
another arm. An automatic blow counter fitted to
the compactor is used to set the number of blows.
The base plate of the specimen mould is to be fitted
to the rotating base plate of the instrument which
makes 1/5th revolution per operation. Operation on
230 volts, 50 cycles, single phase, A.C. supply,
Moulds are to be ordered separately.
8. SIEVE SHAKER
Sieve Shakers save time and effort and improve
accuracy for particle sizing operations. Shakers
agitate a stacked series of test sieves to efficiently
separate materials of all different types.
9. WEIGHING SCALE compaction test; later on, his test was updated to
create the modified Proctor compaction test.

11. Speedy Moisture Tester

Weighing scales (or weigh scales or scales) are

devices to measure weight or calculate mass. Spring
balances orspring scales measure weight (force) by
balancing the force due to gravity against the force
on a spring, whereas a balance or pair of scales using
a balance beam compares masses by balancing the
weight due to the mass of an object against the
Reliable and accurate moisture measurement in
weight of a known mass or masses.
the field
10. The Proctor compaction test Direct reading in percent moisture
Rapid results in minutes
New versions with heavy duty plastic carrying case
and portable electronic balance

Uses a technique based on the fact that water will

react with calcium carbide to form a gas and that the
quantity of gas formed is directly proportional to the
water present. The gas pressure is indicated on a
built-in pressure gauge. The new range of Speedy
Moisture testers now includes an electronic balance
and a heavy duty plastic case. Designed for the most
demanding on-site conditions, the new waterproof
and durable case offers high levels of protection. The
new model comprises: Speedy Moisture tester,
electronic balance, beaker, cleaning cloth, cap,
is a laboratory method of experimentally
washer, scoop, steel pulverising balls, and cleaning
determining the optimal moisture content at which a
brushes. Used to weigh a sample before placing it in
given soil type will become most dense and achieve
the Speedy Moisture Tester, the portable battery
its maximum dry density. The term Proctor is in
powered balance includes LCD display with a
honor of R. R. Proctor, who in 1933 showed that the
measuring range 0 200 g x 0.1g. The % moisture
dry density of a soil for a given compactive effort
content of the sample is read directly from the
depends on the amount of water the soil contains
calibrated pressure gauge.
during soil compaction.[1] His original test is most
commonly referred to as the standard Proctor
12. Combination Permeameter
Knowledge of the permeability characteristics of soil
is essential for construction projects where drainage
is an important element. In particular, permeability is
a key parameter for the design and assessment of
landfill sites, the investigation of contaminated
ground, the design of earth dams and sheet pile
walls, and in assessing the potential for lowering
groundwater levels.
This combination permeameter has a transparent
plastic chamber for soil specimens of either fine-
grained or coarse-grained soils. Generally, soils
containing 10 percent or more particles passing a 75
m sieve are tested using the falling head assembly.
More granular soils, containing 90 percent or more
particles retained on the 75 m sieve, are tested
using the constant head assembly. Includes
accessories for conducting both constant and falling
head permeability studies.
13. Unconfined Compression Tester
The unconfined compression test is an important
method of determining shear strength of cohesive
and semi-cohesive soils.The test is widely used to
supply information needed for the design and
construction of civil engineering structures of many
kinds, such as buildings, bridges, dams, and
embankments. Test loads are applied to the
specimen through a gearing arrangement located in
the totally enclosed base.The gear train is actuated
by a two-piece aluminum hand crank.The rate of
strain can be regulated during the test by turning the
hand crank
at the desired rate. Loads are indicated on a proving
ring and dial indicator assembly. Readings on the
dial are converted to the load applied to the
specimen by using the calibration charts supplied
with each unit.
14. One-Dimensional Consolidation
It is generally understood that clays and other
compressible soils can be subject to long-term
consolidation under the loads imposed by
foundations and above ground structures. Also that
settlement may occur even if the applied pressure is
within the safe bearing capacity of the soil.
The One-dimensional Consolidation test is used
to determine the consolidation characteristics of
soils of low permeability. Tests are carried out on
specimens prepared from undisturbed samples. Data
obtained from these tests, together with
classification data and a knowledge of the soils
loading history, enables estimates to be made of the
behaviour of foundations under load.
15. In-situ Testing
The design of foundations is a prerequisite of
economic design and construction. In order to guard
against shear failure and unacceptable ground
movements due to loading it is often necessary to
determine the ground bearing capacity.
16. Determination of Plastic Limit
Soil index properties are used extensively by
engineers to discriminate between the different
kinds of soil within a broad category, e.g clay will
exhibit a wide range of engineering properties
depending on its composition.
The plastic limit is defined as the lowest moisture
content of a soil that will permit a sample to be
rolled into threads of 3 mm diameter without the
threads breaking. The test procedure has remained,
in principle, the same since 1932, when Casagrande
proposed to define the various limits by relating the
moisture content characteristics of soil under certain
conditions. The apparatus required is simple yet
effective.
17. Combination Permeameter, 2.5" (63.4 mm)
Combination Permeameter, Combination
Permeameter Constant or Falling Head
Plated steel chamber head assembly
Corrosion-resistant cast aluminum base assembly
Includes accessories for conducting both constant
and falling head permeability studies
This combination permeameter has a transparent
plastic chamber for soil specimens of either fine-
grained or coarse-grained soils. Generally, soils
containing 10 percent or more particles passing a 75
m sieve are tested using the falling head assembly.
More granular soils, containing 90 percent or more
particles retained on the 75 m sieve, are tested
using the constant head
assembly.
18. Counter Balance Kit Complying With ASTM
D3080
Includes all the parts necessary for compliance with
the most recent requirements of ASTM D3080.
The kit minimises the frictional force between the
top and bottom sections of the cutting box.
19. Pocket Shearmeter
The shearmeter can be used on tube samples, on the
sides of pits, cuttings etc. It is an invaluable tool for
initial site investigation work.
20. Constant Temperature Bath
The analysis of soils by particle size provides a useful
engineering classification system from which a
considerable amount of empirical data can be
obtained. Two separate and different procedures are
used. Sieving is used for gravel and sand size
particles and sedimentation procedures are used for
the finer soils.
For soil containing a range of coarse and fine
particles it is usual to employ a composite test of
sieving and sedimentation procedures. The Sand
Equivalent Test serves as a rapid field test to show
the relative proportions of clay-like or plastic fines
and dusts in granular soils and fine aggregates.
Reference:
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