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Chapter 3
6
Exercises
4 kg
A
1 (a) 1 mole of copper has mass = 63.54 g
= 0.06354 kg
Density, = mass so V = M B
volume
V = 0.063 54 = 7.123 106 m3
8920
(b) 1 mole contains 6.022 1023 atoms (from 5 m s1
A 5m
definition)
3m
(c) If the volume of 6.022 1023 atoms is 4 kg
7.123 106 m3 then the volume of 1 atom B
= 7.123 1023 m3 = 1.183 1029 m3
6
5 If the speed is constant then rate of change of melting ice boiling water unknown temperature
PE = gain in energy of surroundings A change in height of 20 cm is equivalent to a
mgh
= mgv change in temperature of 100C
t
= 75 9.8 50 100
= 5C cm1
20
= 3.7 104 J The unknown temperature is 2 cm above zero;
this is equivalent to 2 cm 5C cm1 = 10C
LT L0
Alternatively using 100
L100 L0
T = 12 10 100 = 10C
30 10
= 4.8 10 g = 4.8 10 kg
23 26
(b) 75% of 3 105J
(c) KE = 12 mv2 = 75 3 105 = 2.25 105J
100
v = 2KE = 2 6 1026 = 500ms1 (c) Q = mc = Q
21
m 4.8 10 mc
= 2.25 10 = 51C
5
9 From definition Q = C
10 440
Heat lost = 210 103 2
15 (a) 8 litre/min = 8kg/min since 1 litre has a
Q = 420kJ
mass of 1kg.
10 (a) A 1kW heater will deliver 103J per second So in 10 minutes 80kg of water is used.
so if its on for 1 hour: (b) Using Q = mc
heat delivered = 60 60 103 = 3.6 106J Q = 80 4200 (50 10)
(b) From definition C = Q = 1.34 107J
the room is heated from 10C to 20C
16 From definition Q = ml
so = 10C (fusion since water is turning into ice)
So for the room, C = 3.6 10
6
Heat released, Q = 1 106 3.35 105J
10
= 3.35 1011J
= 3.6 105J/C
(c) Some heat will be lost to the outside. 17 To change 400g of water at 100C into steam
requires 0.4 2.27 106 = 9.08 105J
11 From table, Ccopper = 380J/kgC
If power of heater = 800W
So Q = 0.25 380 (160 20)
then since P = energy , t = E = 9.08 10
5
= 1.33 104J time P 800
12 (a) Density, = M , M = V t = 1.135 103s = 19 min.
V
1 litre = 1000cm3 = 1000 106m3 18
2 cm 1000 m2
= 103m3
M = 1000 103 = 1kg
(a) Volume = 1000 2 102 = 20m3
(b) Q = mc = 1 4200 (100 20)
Density, = M M = V = 20 920
= 3.36 105J V
(c) 1kW 1000 J per second = 1.84 104kg
So time taken = 3.36 10 = 336s
5
(b) Q = ml = 1.84 104 3.35 105
1000
= 6.16 109J
or power = energy
(c) P = Q = 6.16 10 = 3.42 105W
9
time
energy 5 60 60
t
13 (a) power = so energy = power time
(d) Power per m2 = 3.42 10
5
time
1000
energy = 500 10 60 (time in seconds) = 3.42 102Wm2
= 3 105J
P2 = 250 kPa P2 = ?
1 (C)
T1 = 300 K I2 = 350 K
17
P1 V1 P V
= 2 2
T1 T2
250 500
= P2 500
300 350
V1 = 2 m3
n = 5 mol
T = 293 K 15
t (s)
(a) PV = nRT 15 165 200
V1 = V
L = 79 500 = 3.2 105 J kg1
0.25
T1 = T
P1 = 100 kPa
V1 =V2250
= mV3 2 (a) When a liquid evaporates the molecules
T1 =T2300
= 2KT
P1 =P2150
= ? KPcm
with most energy escape from the surface,
resulting in a reduction in the average KE
P1 V1 P V P V and hence temperature. If heat is added
= 2 2 100 V = 2
T1 T2 T 2T temperature will remain constant.
(b)(iii)
(c)
(b)(ii)
A
0
0 V