chapter 1

Advent of a National
Hero
 THE BIRTH OF A HERO
Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo
Realonda

His birthdate -June 19, 1861,

Wednesday, between 11 and midnight.
His mother almost died during delivery
because of his big head.
He was baptized in the Catholic Church
on June 22, 1861 by Father Rufino
Collantes.
Father Pedro Casanas- godfather
The name Jose was chosen by his
mother who was a devotee of St. Joseph
 RIZALS PARENTS
FRANCISCO MERCADO RIZAL
(father)
He was born in Bian, Laguna on
May 11, 1818
He studied Latin and Philosophy at
College of San Jose in Manila
He moved to Calamba after his
parents death and become a tenant
farmer of the Dominicans owned
hacienda
Rizal called him a model of father
He died in Manila on January 5,
1898 at the age of 80.
 TEODORA ALONSO REALONDA
(mother)
She was born in Manila on November
8, 1826
She studied at the college of Sta. Rosa,
a well known college for girls in the
city.
According to Rizal my mother is a
woman of more than ordinary culture;
she knows literature and speaks
Spanish better than i. she corrected
my poems and gave me good advice
when I was studying rhetoric. She is a
mathematician and has read many
books.
She died in Manila on August 16, 1911
at the age of 85.
 THE RIZAL CHILDREN
SATURNINA- Neneng
PACIANO- confidant of rizal
NARCISA- Sisa
OLIMPIA- Ypia
LUCIA
MARIA- Biang
JOSE- Pepe
CONCEPCION- Concha, died at the age of 3
JOSEFA- Panggoy
TRINIDAD- Trinidad
SOLEDAD- Choleng
 THE SURNAME RIZAL
Real surname of the family was Mercado,
which was adopted by in 1731 by Domingo
Lameo.

Rizal was given by a Spanish Alcalde

Mayor(provincial governor) of Laguna.

Mercado-market
Rizal- a field where wheat, cut while still
green, sprouts again or evergreen fields.
 A GOOD AND MIDDLE-CLASS
FAMILY
The family belonged to the principalia or
town aristocracy.
They harvested rice, corn and sugarcane
from the farm rented from the Dominican
priest.
They also raised pigs, chicken and turkeys in
the backyard.
Doa Teodora managed a general goods
store and operated a small flour mill and a
home made ham press
They owned a large stone house and a
carriage
They are the first to owned a private library
with more than 1,000 volumes of books
They sent their children to college in Manila.
 HOME LIFE OF THE RIZAL
TRAINED THEIR CHILDREN TO LOVE God,
behave well, be obedient, respect people.

Believed in spare the rod and spoil the child

Heard mass in town during Sundays and

Christian holidays.

Prayed daily- angelus at nightfall and the rosary

before going to bed.
chapter 2

Childhood Years in
Calamba
 Earliest Childhood Memories
3 years old, in his little nipa cottage while watching the
birds

Daily angelus prayer

Happy moonlight nights at the azotea after the rosary;

his aya related stories about fairies, buried treasures and
trees blooming with diamonds

Noctural walk in the town when there was moon.

 FIRST SORROW

When I was four years old, I lost my

little sister Concha, and then for
the first time I shed tears caused
by love and grief
 Devoted Son of Church
At three years old, he began to take part in the
family prayers.

At five, he was able to read the Spanish family

bible

He loved to go to church to pray, to take part in

novenas and to join the religious processions.

One of the men he esteemed and respected in

Calamba during his boyhood was the scholarly
Father Leoncio Lopez, the town priest.
Pilgrimage to Antipolo

On June 6, 1898, Jose and his father left

Calamba to go on a pilgrimage to Antipolo.

First trip across Laguna de Bay and first

pilgrimage to Antipolo.
 The Story of the Moth
Moths talked; they knew how to warn.
They advised just like my mother

It had died martyr to its own illusions

TO SACRIFICE ONES LIFE FOR AN IDEAL IS

WORTHWHILE
 Artistic Talents
At the age of five, he began to make
sketches with his pencil and to mould clay
and wax objects which attracted his fancy

ALL RIGHT LAUGH AT ME NOW! SOMEDAY

WHEN I DIE, PEOPLE WILL MAKE
MONUMENTS AND IMAGES OF ME!
 Influences on Heros Boyhood
1. Hereditary Influences
Malayan ancestor-Rizal evidently,
inherited his love for freedom, his
innate desire to travel, and his
indomitable courage.
Chinese ancestor-he derived his
serious nature, frugality, patience, and
love for children.
Spanish ancestor-he got his elegance
of bearing, sensitivity to insult, and
gallantry to ladies.
Father-sense of self-respect, love for
work, habit of independent thinking.
Mother-religious nature, spirit of self
sacrifice, passion for arts and
literatures.
2. Environmental Influences
Scenic beauty of Calamba
Religious atmosphere at home,
Paciano-love for freedom and justice
Sister-courtesy and kindness to women
Aya-interest in folklore and legends
Tio Jose Alberto-inspired him to develop his
artistic abilities
Tio Manuel- encourage him to develop his
body by physical exercises, horse riding,
walking and wrestling
Tio Gregorio-intensified his voracious reading
of good books
Father Leoncio lopez-love for scholarship and
intellectual honesty
Execution of Gom-Bur-Za-awakened his spirit
of partriotism to redeem his oppressed
people.
3. Aid of the Divine Providence

Greater than heredity and environment in

the fate of man is the aid of the divine
providence. A person may have
everything in life- brains, wealth, and
power- but without the aid of the great
Providence, he cannot attain greatness in
the annals of the nation.
chapter 3

Early Education in
Calamba and Bian
 THE HEROS FIRST TEACHER
Doa Teodora

Taught Rizal the alphabet and prayers

Patient, conscientious and understanding

Discovered Rizal's talent for poetry

Tells story to stimulate her sons imagination

 PRIVATE TUTORS in Calamba

Maestro Celestino

Maestro Lucas Padua

Leon Monroy- former classmate of Rizals

father and instructed him in Spanish and
Latin
 JOSE GOES TO BIAN
Accompanied by Paciano one Sunday
afternoon in June 1869

Proceed to their Aunts house where Jose

will lodge

Jose went sightseeing with his cousin

Leandro
 FIRST DAY IN BIAN SCHOOL
MAESTRO JUSTINIANO AQUINO
CRUZS SCHOOL
Rizals maestro
The school was the house of the teacher,
30 meters from the home of Joses aunt

Engaged in school fight on the first day

PAINTING LESSONS IN BIAN

Juancho, father in-law of the school

teacher

Spent many leisure hours at the studio

Jose and his classmate Jose Guevara

became apprentices of the old painter
 BEST STUDENT IN SCHOOL
Jose beat all his classmates in academic
studies.(Spanish, Latin and studies)

Some were jealous of his intellectual

superiority

Thus discerning Jose to the teachers eyes.

 END OF BIAN SCHOOLING
Before Christmas season in 1870, he
received a letter from Saturnina informing
him of the arrival of the steamer Talim that
would take him to Calamba.

He left Bian in december 17, 1870 after a

year and a half of schooling.
 MARTYRDOM OF GOM-BUR-ZA
Executed at sunrise, February17, 1872

17 years later, in a letter to Mariano Ponce,

he said:
At the sight of those injustices and
cruelties while still a child my imagination
has been awakened and I swore to devote
my self to avenge one day so many victims
and with this idea in mind I have been
studying, and this can be read in all my
works and writings. God will someday give
me an opportunity to carry out my
promise
 INJUSTICE TO HEROS MOTHER
Before June 1872 Doa Teodora was
arrested on a malicious charge that she and
her brother Jose Alberto tried to poison the
laters wife.

Doa Teodora was forced to walked from

Calamba to Sta. Cruz(50km)

Was incarcerated for 2 years

chapter 4

Scholastic Triumphs at
Ateneo de Manila (1872-1877)
 SAN JUAN DE LETRAN - Dominican owned
college and a rival of Ateneo de Manila.

ATENEO MUNICIPAL - formerly known as

Escuela Pia, a charity school for poor boys in
Manila which was established by 1817 and
later became Ateneo de Manila.

Rizal took and passed the examination

in COLLEGE OF SAN JUAN DE LETRAN but he
enrolled in ATENEO when he came back to
Manila.
 RIZAL ENTERS ATENEO
FATHER MAGIN FERRANDO (college registrar) - refused to
admit Jose Rizal because ;
He was late for registration
He was sickly and undersized for his age
MANUEL XEREZ BURGOS nephew of Father Burgos,
helped Rizal to be admitted to Ateneo in the condition he
will used the second surname
RIZAL - surname used by Jose Rizal because Mercado
became under suspicion by the Spanish authorities.
MERCADO surname used by Paciano
TITAY owner of the boarding house where Rizal
boarded to settle the bill owed by Titay by about
Php300.00
 JESUIT SYSTEM OF EDUCATION
Reasons why Jesuit System was advanced
than other college

It trained the character of students by rigid

discipline and religious instruction.
It promotes physical culture, humanities and
scientific studies.
Aside from academic courses leading to AB, it
offers vocational course in agriculture, commerce,
mechanics and surveying.
They were given splendid professors.
They acquired prestige as an excellent college for
boys.
 TWO GROUPS OF STUDENT
Roman Empire (internos/boarders) -RED FLAG

Carthaginian Empire (externos/non-boarders) -

BLUE FLAG

5 RANKS
EMPEROR
TRIBUNE
DECURION
CENTURION
STANDARD BEARER

RAYADILLO official uniform of Ateneo students

 FATHER JOSE BECH first teacher of Rizal in
Ateneo

Rizal was placed as a flag bearer but

after a week he showed his progress and
after a month he became the emperor.

SANTA ISABEL COLLEGE where Rizal took

his Spanish lessons during recess and paid
for Php 3.00

Rizal returned to Calamba for his

vacation. Saturnina brought him to Tanawan
to visit their mother to cheer him up. After
the vacation he returned to Ateneo for his
second year. He stayed at DOA PEPAY
house, an old landlady with widowed
daughter and four sons.
SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO(1873-1874)
He again became an emperor; he
also received excellent grades in all
subjects and a gold medal. In March
1874, he returned to Calamba for his
vacation.

PROPHECY OF MOTHERS RELEASE

Doa Teodora was released in the jail
after 3 months like what Jose Rizal said.

St. Joseph Rizal was comparable

because of his interpretation about his
mothers release.
 TEENAGE INTEREST IN READING
TWO FAVORITE NOVELS OF RIZAL

THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO by Alexander

Dumas
TRAVEL IN THE PHILIPPINES by Feodor Jagor
UNIVERSAL HISTORY by Cesar Cantus he
wishes to buy

THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO (1874-1875)

He only got 1 medal in his Latin subject,
then on March 1875 he returned to Calamba.
FOURTH YEAR IN ATENEO (1875-1876)
JUNE 16,1875 Rizal became an interno in
Ateneo
FATHER FRANCISCO SANCHEZ - Rizals
favorite teacher

Rizal won 5 medals and topped in all

subjects and on March, 1876 he returned
to Calamba.

Rizal became the pride of the Jesuits

and he obtained highest grades in all
subjects. He received the degree of
Bachelor of Arts with the highest honors
during commencement exercise.
 EXTRA CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN
ATENEO
He was an emperor and a campus leader
outside.
Secretary of the Marian Congregation
Member of Academy of Spanish Literature
Member of Academy of Natural Sciences

FATHER JOSE VILLACLARA advised Rizal to

stop communing with the muses but to pay
more attention to practical studies.

Rizal studied painting at AGUSTIN SAEZ

and sculpture under ROMUALDO DE JESUS,
a Filipino sculptor.
 SCULPTURAL WORKS IN ATENEO

THE VIRGIN MARY - he carved an image with

Batikuling (Phil. Hardwood) with his pocket
knife

FATHER LLEONART requested Rizal to carved

an image of SACRED HEART OF JESUS
 POEMS MADE BY RIZAL IN ATENEO
Doa Teodora was the first one to
discover Rizals poetical talent while Fr.
Sanchez helped Rizal to develop his talent.

Poems written by Rizal:

Mi Primera Inspiration (My First Inspiration)

- dedicated to Rizals mother
Through Education Our Motherland
Receives Light
The Intimate Alliance between Religion and
Good Education
To the Child
To the Virgin Mary
 DRAMATIC WORK IN ATENEO

Father Sanchez requested Rizal to

wrote a drama based with ST. EUSTACE
THE MARTYR and on June 2, 1876,
Rizal had finished the drama.
 FIRST ROMANCE OF RIZAL

SEGUNDA KATIGBAK a 14 yr. old

Batanguea from Lipa whom Rizal
first fell in love with but Segunda was
already engaged to Manuel Luz.

MARIANO KATIGBAK brother of

Segunda.She studied in LA
CONCORDIA COLLEGE where
Segunda and Olimpia (Rizals sister)
also studied
chapter 5

Medical Studies at the University

of Santo Tomas (1877-1882)
2 courses enrolled at UST

Philosophy and Letters(1877-1878)

Medicine

Don Francisco and Paciano wanted Jose

to pursue higher learning in the
university.

Doa Teodora opposed the idea and

told her husband Dont send him to
Manila again; he knows enough. If he
gets to know more, the Spaniards will
cut off his head.
 RIZAL ENTERS THE UNIVERSITY
April 1877, Rizal at 16 years old, entered
University of Santo Tomas

2 reasons why he enrolled Philosophy and

Letters
His father liked it
He was not sure what career to pursue

Father Pablo Ramon-Rector of the Ateneo- Rizal

asked for advice on the choice of career

He took up a medical course 1878-1879 because;

He followed Ateneo Rectors advice
Wanted to cure his mothers growing
blindness
 FINISHES SURVEYING COURSE IN
ATENEO 1878
He took a vocational course in Ateneo during
his first term in UST.
The course lead to the title of PERITO
AGRIMENSOR (expert surveyor).
He passed the final examination at the age
of 17.
He was granted the title on November 25,
1881.
His loyalty to Ateneo continued.

President of the Academy of Spanish

Literature Secretary of the Academy of
Natural Sciences Secretary of the Marian
Congregation
 ROMANCES WITH OTHER GIRLS

MISS L
A girl with seductive eyes The romance
died a natural death because:

The sweet memory of Segunda was still

fresh in his heart
His father did not like the family of
Miss L
 LEONOR VALENZUELA
Daughter of Capitan Juan and Capitana
Sanday Valenzuela, their neighbors who
were from Pagsanjan, Laguna
Her pet name was Orang
Rizal sent notes to her made with in visible
ink (salt solution)
LEONOR RIVERA
Jose boarded in Casa Tomasina (No.6
Calle Santo Tomas, Intramuros)
Daughter of his land lord-uncle from
Camiling, Antonio Rivera
She was a student at La Concordia
College, also the school of Soledad,
Joses youngest sister
Born in Camiling, Tarlac on April 11,
1867
She used the name Taimis in her
letters to Rizal
 VICTIM OF SPANISH OFFICERS
BRUTALITY
Setting: Dark night, summer vacation
1878. Calamba

He passed by a lieutenant of the

Guardia Civil but failed to recognized
the latter.

Insulted, the lieutenants lashed Joses

back with his sword.

Jose reported to General Primo de

Rivera, Spanish governor general, but
no resolution was done because of
racial discrimination.
 TO THE FILIPINO YOUTH (1879)
Literary contest by Artistico-Literario (Artistic-Literary
Lyceum)
Rizal, 18 years old, submitted his poem entitled A La
Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth)-
The first prize, a feather shaped, gold ribbon
decorated silver pen was given to Rizal
In the poem, Rizal beseeched the Filipino to rise from
lethargy, to let their genius fly swifter than the wind
and descend with art science to break the chains that
have long bound the spirit of the people.
The poem is a classic. Two reasons:
It was the first great poem in Spanish written by a
Filipino whose merit was recognized by Spanish
literary authorities
It expressed for the first time the nationalistic
concept that the Filipinos, and not the foreigners
were the fair hope of the Fatherland.
THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS (1880)
Another literary contest by the Artistic-
Literary Lyceum to commemorate the fourth
centennial of the death of Cervantes, Spanish
and author of Don Quixote.

Manuel De Cervantes Spains glorified man of letter

Rizal submitted anallegorical drama, El Consejo
de los Dioses (The Council of the Gods).
The allegory was based on Greek classics.
Rizal was aided by Father Rector of the Ateneo in
securing the needed reference materials.
The contest was participated by priest, laymen,
professors of UST, news paper men and scholars.
Rizal won the first price; he received a gold ring
engraved with bust of Cervantes.
D.N. Del Puzo a Spanish writer won the 2nd
price.
 OTHER LITERARY WORKS
1879: Abde-al-Azis y Mahoma
A poem, declaimed by an Atenean, manuel Fernandezon
December 8, 1879 in honor of the Ateneos Patroness.

1880: Justo al Pasig(Beside the Pasig)

Azarzuela, staged by the Atenean son December 8, 1880
on the Feast Day of the Immaculate Conception, Patroness of
the Ateneo. Rizal wrote it as President of the Academy of
Spanish Literature.

1880: A Filipinas
A sonnet, for the album of the Society of Sculptors Rizal
urged all Filipino artist to glorify the Philippines.

1881: Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon

A poem, an expression of affection to Father Pablo Ramon,
the Ateneo rector.
RIZALS VISIT TO PAKIL AND PAGSANJAN
May 1881- Jose, along with his sisters Saturnina, Maria, and
Trinidad and female friends went on a pilgrimate to
Pakil, famous shrine of the Birhen Maria de los Dolores.

They boarded a casco (aflat-bottom sailing vessel) from

Calamba to Pakil, Laguna
They stayed at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Manuel
Regalado, parents of Nicolas, Rizals friend in Manila
The company witnessed the famous turumba, the
people dancing in honor of the miraculous Birhen Maria
de los Dolores
Rizal was infatuated by Vicenta Ybardolaza She was
skillful in playing the harp at the Regalado home
Rizal and his party then went to Pagsanjan for two
reasons
It was the native town of Leonor Valenzuela
To see the world famed Pagsanjan Falls
 CHAMPION OF FILIPINO STUDENTS
There were frequent student brawls between
the Filipino sand the Spaniards

1880: Rizal founded Compaerismo

(Comradeship),a secret society of Filipino UST
students. The members were called
Companions of Jehu.

He was the chief of the society.

His cousin, Galicano Apacible was the secretary.

In one of the skirmishes, Rizal was wounded on

the head. His friends brought him to Casa Tomas
in a where Leonor Rivera took care of him.
 UNHAPPY DAYS AT THE UST
Rizal was unhappy in the Dominican
institution because:

The Dominican professors were hostile to

him

The Filipino students were racially

discriminated by the Spaniards

The method of instruction was obsolete

and repressive.
He failed to win high scholastic
honors due to the attitude of his
professors.
 DECISION TO STUDY ABROAD
Rizal decided to study in Spain after finishing the
fourth year of his medical course.

The people who approved this are the following:

His older brother Paciano
His sisters Saturnina (Neneng) and Lucia
Uncle Antonio Rivera
The Valenzuela family
Some friends

The people who did not know of his decision are

the following:
Rizals parents
Leonor Rivera
Spanish authorities
chapter 6

In Sunny Spain(1882-1885)
 The Secret Mission

To observe keenly the life and culture,

languages and costume, industries and
commerce, and government and laws of the
European nations in order to prepare
himself in the mighty task of liberating his
oppressed people from Spanish tyranny.

May 20, 1882- Paciano disclosed the

Rizalian secret mission in his letter to his
younger brother.
 Secret Departure For Spain
Person who knows Rizals secret
departure for Spain:
Paciano
Antonio Rivera (his uncle; father of Leonor
Rivera)
Neneng and Lucia (his Sister)
Valenzuela Family (Captain Juan and Capitana
Sunday and their daughter Orang)
Pedro A. Paterno
Mateo Evangelista (his Compadre)
The Ateneo Jesuit Priests
Some intimate friends, including Chengoy
(Jose M. Cecilio)
 Jose Mercado- the name of his
cousin from Bian he used as his
name.

May 3, 1882- Rizal departed on

board the Spanish steamer
SALVADORA bound for Singapore.
 Singapore
During the voyage to Singapore he carefully
observed
the people and things on board the steamer.

16 passengers- 5 or 6 ladies, many children, and

the rest were gentlemen.

Donato Lecha- ship captain of steamer the

SALVADORA

May 8, 1882- Rizal saw a beautiful island,

fascinated by its scenic beauty. He remember
Talim Island with the Susong Dalaga.
CHESS- the game played with
his fellow passengers who
were much older than
him.This will relieve his
tedious boredom of the sea
voyage.

MESEILLEISE- the
song that he liked
while he was on
the ship
Singapore
Hotel dela Paz-
Rizal landed in Singapore and
registered at the hotel. He spent
two days on a sight seeing soiree
of the city which was a colony of
England.

He saw the famous Botanical

Garden, the beautiful Buddhist
temple, the busy shopping
district, and the statute of Sir
Thomas Stanford Raffles(founder
of Singapore).
 From Singapore to Colombo
DJEMNAH- a French
steamer which Rizal when
he left Singapore for
Europe

May 11, 1882- the

Djemnah reached POINT
GALLE a seacoast town in
southern Ceylon (now Sri
Lanka)

COLOMBO- the capital of

Ceylon.
 First Trip Through Suez Canal
CAF OF GUARDAFUI,
AFRICA- Rizal called the
place inhospitable land but
famous.

ADEN- Rizal next stop over.

He was amused to see the
canals, for it was the first
time he saw camels.
 RED SEA TERMINAL OF THE
SUEZ CANAL- the city of
suez where the Djemnah
proceeded after leaving
Aden.

SUEZ CANAL- was built by

FERDINAND DE LESSEPS
(French diplomat engineer).
It was inaugurated on
November 17, 1869.
 Naples and Marseilles
June 11 Rizal reached Naples, an Italian city

Rizal was fascinated by MOUNT

VESUVIUS and CASTLE OF
ST. TELMO.

June 12- The boat anchored at Marseilles. He

visited the famous Chateau dIf, where
Dantes, hero of the The Count of Monte
Cristo, was imprisoned.

Rizal stayed here for 2 days.

Barcelona

MAY 16, 1882 he

reached BARCELONA; the
greatest city of CATALUA
and Spains 2nd largest city.

LAS RAMBLASfamous
street in Barcelona.

PLAZA DE CATALUAthe
place where a welcome
party for Rizal was made
by Rizals schoolmates at
Ateneo.
 AMOR PATRIO (Love of Country) -he wrote it in Barcelona; this is a nationalistic
essay which was first written in Spanish soil under the pseudonym of Dimas
Alang
Published in two text
SpanishRizal
FilipinoM.H. del Pilar
DIARYONG TAGALOG first Manila bilingual newspaper
FRANCISCO CALVO editor of Diaryong Tagalog; member of editorial staff
TWO PEN NAMES USED BY RIZAL
DIMASALANG used in joining the Masonry
LAONG LAAN used in his essay
THREE ARTICLES FOR DIARYONG TAGALOG
Amor Patrio (Love of Country)
Los Viajes (Travels)
Revista de Madrid (Review of Madrid) it was returned to him because of
financial reasons

Then Rizal moves to Madrid.

SAD NEWS FROM HOME
Spread of Cholera that was ravaging Manila and
other provinces
Leonor Rivera was getting thinner because of an
absence of a loved one.

LIFE IN MADRID
He enrolled at UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE MADRID
(Central University of Madrid)
2 courses enrolled (MEDICINE, PHILOSOPHY &
LETTERS)
Took lessons at the Academy of San Carlos (Painting &
Sculpture)
He also took private lessons in (GERMAN, FRENCH &
ENGLISH)
Romance with Consuelo Ortiga y Perez
Rizal was not handsome man.
He was neither dashing nor
imposing, for he was a shy
small man-a few inches above
five feet in height. But he
possessed an aura of charisma
due to his many- splendored
talents and noble character
which made him attractive to
romantic young woman. Rizal
was attracted by Consuelos
beauty and vivacity.

Don Pablo- father of Consuelo

 August 22, 1883 - Rizal composed a lovely
poem dedicated to Consuelo.
A La Senorita C.O. y P.(To Miss C. O. y P.)
He expressed his admiration for her. He found
solace and joy in her company.

Before his romance with Consuelo could blossom

into to a serious affair, he suddenly backed
out for two reasons:
1. He was still engaged to Leonor Rivera
2. His friend and co-worker in propaganda
movement, Eduardo de Lete, was madly in
love with Consuelo.
 THEY ASKED ME FOR VERSES
In 1882, shortly after his arrival in
Madrid, Rizal joined the Circulo
Hispano-Filipino (Hispano-Philippine
Circle), a society of Spaniards and
Filipino. Upon the request of the
members of this society, he wrote a
poem entitled Me Piden Versos
(they ask me for verses) which he
personally declaimed during the New
Years Eve.
 Rizal as Lover of Book
Rizals Collection of Books:
The Bible
Hebrew Grammar
Lives of the Presidents of
the United States from
Washington to Johnson
Complete works of
Voltaire (9 volumes)
Complete works of C.
Bernard (16 volumes)
 History of the the French
Revolution
The wandering Jew
Ancient Poetry
Works of Thucydides
The Byzantine Empire
The Characters by La
Bruyere
The Renaissance
Uncle Toms Cabin by
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Works of Alexander
Dumas
Louis XIV
His Court
 Rizals First Visit to Paris (1883)

June 17 to August 20, 1883

Rizal left Madrid for Paris to spend his

summer and to observe the big French City.
 Rizal as a Mason
Rizal got contacts with the Liberal and Republican
Masons. In 1883, he joined the MASONIC LODGE
ACACIA in Madrid adopting the Masonic name
DIMASALANG.

REASONS WHY HE JOINED MASONRY

The bad friars in the Philippines, by their abuses

unworthy of their priestly habit, drove Rizal to
desperation and to masonry. He needed to help
the masons to fight the bad friars in the
Philippines.

Upon November 15, 1892 he became the master

mason of LODGE SOLIDARIDAD and on February
15, 1892 he became the master mason of LE
GRAND DE ORIENT FRANCE in Paris.
 Financial Worries

Don Francisco (the Heros

father)- he was a good raiser
of turkeys
June 25, 1884- Rizal was
broke, he was unable to take
breakfast that day. His
allowance from the Philippines
did not arrived
 Rizals Salute to Luna and Hidalgo
June 25, 1884- Rizal was a guest
speaker in a banquet held in honor
and celebrate the double victory
of the Filipino artist in the National
Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid.

Juan Luna- Spoliarium winning

first prize.
Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo-
Christian Virgins Exposed to
the Populace winning second
prize.
 Rizal Involved in Student
Demonstrations
June 20-22, 1884- the serene city of Madrid
exploded in bloody riots by the
students of the Central University.

Dr. Miguel Morayta

Professor of History
He proclaimed the freedom of science
and the teacher

Doctor Creus
A very unpopular man, disliked by
everybody.
 Studies Completed in Spain
June 21, 1884 - he passed all subject leading to
the degree of Doctor of Medicine.
He was not awarded his Doctor's
Diploma because of not presenting
his thesis required for graduation
nor paid the corresponding fees.
June 19, 1884 - he also finished his studies in
Philosophy and Letters, with a higher grades.
He was awarded the degree of
Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters
by the Universidad Central de
Madrid.
chapter 7

Paris to Berlin (1885-1887)

 In Gay Paris (1885-1886)
Maximo Viola - a medical student and a member
of a rich family of San Miguel, Bulacan. He was
visited by Rizal in Barcelona ,on his way to Paris
La Publicidad- the newspaper Rizals articles on
the Carolines Questions was published.
Seor Eusebio Corominas - editor of the
newspaper La Publicidad
Don Miguel Morayta - owner of La Publicidad
Dr. Louis de Weckert - leading French
Ophthalmologist, Rizal worked as an assistant, for
about four months.
 Rizal as Musician
Alin Mang Lahi (Any Race)
A pariotic song which asserts that
any race aspires for freedom.

La Deportacion (Deportation)
A sad danza he composed in
Dapitan during his exile.
 In Historic Heidelberg
Chess Players Club
Rizal became a member of chess player in
Heidelberg.

Dr. Otto Becker

German Ophthalmologist
Rizal worked at the university Eye Hospital under
him.
Prof. Wilhelm Kuehne
Rizal attended to his lecture at the University of
Heidelberg.
Rizal visited the scenic spot around Heidelberg
Famous Heidelberg Castle
The romantic Neckar River
The Theater
The old Churches
 To the Flower of Heidelberg
Forget-me-not
The light blue
Rizal favorite flower

A Las Flores de Heidelberg (To the Flower of

Heidelberg)
Rizal mood of homesickness
wrote a fine poem.
 With Pastor Ullmer at Wilhelmsfeld
Rizal spent a three-months of
summer vacation in Wilhelmsfeld
Dr. Karl Ullmer
Protestant pastor
Rizal became his good befriend
and admirer
Two children
Friedrich (Fritz)
Etta
They debate on religion but
never quarrel
 First letter to Blumentritt
Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt
Director of the Ateneo of Leitmeritz,
Austria.
Rizal had heard of this Austrian
ethnologist who is interested in the
Philippine language.
Rizal sent two books to Blumentritt
Aritmetica (Arithmetic)
Spanish and Tagalog Language- the
author was Rufino Baltazar
Hernandez, a native of Santa Cruz,
Laguna.
 In Leipzig and Dresden
Leipzig- he stayed for 2 months in this German city.

History and Psychology- Rizal attended some

lectures at University of Leipzig.
He met:
Prof. Friedrich Ratzel - famous German
Historian
Dr. Hans Meyer - German anthropologist
Rizal translated German into Tagalog
Schillers William Tell
Hans Christian Andersens Fairy Tales
Dresden- he stayed for 2 days and met
Dr. Adolph b. Meyer - Director of the
Anthropological and Ethnological Museum
In Berlin Rizal Met the following:
 Rizal Welcome in Berlins Scientific
Circle
Dr. Feodor Jagor
a German scientist-traveler
Travels in Philippines author by Dr. Jagor
Dr. Rudolf Virchow
Famous German Anthropologist
Dr. Hans Virchow
Professor of Descriptive Anatomy
Dr. W. Joest
Noted German Geographer
Dr. Karl Ernest Schweigger
Famous German Ophthalmologist
Rizal worked in the clinic as assistant
Rizal become a member
Anthropological Society
Ethnological Society
Geographical Society
Tagalische Verkunst (Tagalog Metrical Art)- Rizal wrote a scholarly paper
in German
 Rizals life in Berlin
Rizal lived in this famous capital unified
Germany in five reasons:

1. To gain further knowledge of

ophthalmology
2. To further his studies of science and
language
3. To observe the economic had
political conditions of the German
nation
4. To associate with famous German
scientists and scholars
5. To publish his novel, Noli Me
Tangere
chapter 8

Noli Me Tangere Published in

Berlin
 1886 (winter)
memorable moment in Rizals life

TWO REASONS:

It was a painful episode for he was

hungry, sick and despondent in a strange
city.
A great joy because his novel Noli Me
Tangere, was published on March 1887.
 Idea of Writing a Novel on the
Philippines
Uncle Toms Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe
The book that inspired Rizal to
write a novel about the suffering of
the Filipinos to the Spaniards.

Central University in Madrid

where Rizal started writing the
novel

July 2, 1884
Rizal proposed the writing of a
novel about the Philippines
 The Writing of the novel
Towards the end of 1884 Rizal began writing
the novel in Madrid and finished of it.

1885 he was in Paris, he continued writing

the novel, finishing the of the 2nd half

Germany he finished the of it.

Last 2 chapters he finished it at

Wilhelmsfeld in April June 1886

December 1886 he was in Berlin where he

plan to published his novel, Noli Me Tangere

Fernando Canon where Rizal wrote his

worries about the publishing of his novel
 Viola, Savior of the Noli

Dr. Maximo Viola

A rich friend of Rizal
from Bulacan who
financed the publishing
the Noli.
Lives at San Miguel,
Bulacan
December 25, 1887, he
arrived at Berlin
 Chapter of Elias and Salome
This chapter was deleted for some
financial purposes.

February 11, 1857 Noli was ready for

printing

Berliner Buchdruckrei Actien Gesellschaft

a publishing house that charged the
lowest rate for publishing Rizals
novel

Php 300.00 the cost of printing for 2,000

copies
 Rizal Suspected as French Spy
During the printing of NOLI, the chief of police BERLIN visit
RIZALs boarding house and requested to see his passport,
unfortunately, that time to travel with or without passports is
possible. The police chief then told him to produce a passport
after 4 days.

Immediately VIOLA accompanied RIZAL in the Spanish

Ambassador, the COURT of BENOMAR, who promised to
attend to the matter but the ambassador failed to keep his
promise, it turns out that he had no power to issue the
required passport. The 4 day ultimatum expired. RIZAL himself
apologized to the chief police, while asking why he has to be
deported. The police chief answered that he was always seen
visiting many villages, thereby pronouncing him as a French
SPY.
RIZAL is fluent GERMAN language, explained to the police, that
he was a Filipino ethnologist, who visits rural areas to observe
customs and lifestyles of their simple inhabitants. The chief
impressed and fascinated on RIZALs explanation, allowed him
to stay freely in GERMANY.
 Printing of Noli Finishes
March 29, 1887
Noli Me Tangere came off the
press

Rizal sent copies to:

Blumentritt
Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor
G. Lopez Jaena
Mariano Ponce
FelizR.Hidalgo
 The Title of the Novel

Noli Me Tangere Touch Me Not

from Gospel of Saint John
(Chapter 30, Verses 13-17)

The Authors Dedication

Rizal dedicated the Noli Me Tangere

to the Philippines To My Fatherland
 Character of Noli Me Tangere &
Synopsis of the Novel
Crisostomo Ibarra A young and rich Filipino
who studied in Europe / sweetheart of Maria
Clara
Maria Clara Daughter of Capitan Tiago
Padre Damaso Franciscan friar who had
been parish priest of San Diego. Biological
father of Maria Clara
San Diego Ibarras native town for 20 yrs.
Padre Salvi young Dominican parish priest
of Binondo
Senor Guevarra elderly and kind lieutenant
of the guardia civil,who related to Ibarra the
truth on the death of his father
Don Tiburcio Bogus Spanish Physician
 Dona Victoria wife of Don Tiburcio , who dislike
her own country
Don Melchor Captain of Cuadrillores
Sisa formerly a rich girl but became poor because
she married a gambler
Basilio & Crispin sons of Sisa/Sacristans
Elias A boatman, peasant youth, saved Ibarra
twice
Nor Juan Architect who constructed the
schoolhouse
November 11th feast day of San Diego

Ibarras attacked Padre Damaso produced two

result:
Engagement to Maria Clara was
broken
He was excommunicated
 Don Alfonso Linares Cousin of Don
Tiburcio
Doa Consolation bulgar mistress of
Spanish Alferez

NOLI ME TANGERE consist of 63

chapters and epilogue
 The Noli Bases on Truth
Maria Clara Leonor Rivera
Crisostomo Ibarra & Elias Rizal
Pilosopo Tasyo Paciano
Padre Salvi Padre Antonio Piernavieja
Capitan Tiago Capitan Hilario Sunico of San Nicolas
Doa Victorina Doa Agustina Medal
Basilio and Crispin Crisostomo brothers of
Hagonoy
Padre Damaso the bad friars
chapter 9

Rizals Grand Tour in Europe with

Maximo Viola
 After the publication of the Noli Me
Tangere, Rizal had received remittance
from Paciano worth P1,000.00 which was
forwarded by Juan Luna from Paris.

Rizal immediately paid Viola Php 300.00

that he used to published the novel.
THE TOUR
 Potsdam
Near Berlin

It became famous because of

Frederick the Great - skillfully
employed the limited Prussian
resources to make his kingdom
the most powerful German
state during the seven Years
War.

Viola and Rizal left Berlin by

train.
 Dresden
Where they visited the Regional Flower
Exposition.
Rizal interested in Botany, studied the
variety of plants.
Dr. Adolph Meyer was visited by the two
physicians.
They visited the Museum or Art where Rizal
became deeply impressed by the painting
Prometheus Bound.
Prometheus a Titan punished by Zeus for
giving fire to mankind.
 Feodor Jagor was also visited by Rizal and
Viola.

informed by the two physicians on their

plan to visit Blumentritt
Warned Rizal to inform Blumentritt first
before coming to his place, he might
suffer a nervous breakdown because of
shock.
Teschen (Decin) found in Czech Republic
They had a stop over on they way to
Blumentritt place
 Leitmeritz, Austria

Now known as Litomeritce in

Czech Republic.

The place where Ferdinand

Blumentritt lived.

Rizal and Viola stayed in this

place from May 13-16,1887.
 Ferdinand Blumentritt
waited for Rizal and
Viola in the train station
carrying with him a sketch
of Rizal.
 Hotel Krebs where Rizal
and Viola stayed while they
were in Leitmeritz
 Rizal enjoyed the warm hospitality of
Blumentritts family.

Rosa Blumentritts wife was a good cook

Dolores (Dora, Dorita), Conrad and Fritz

were nice to them.

Ferdinand a great tourist guide and a

hospitable host.

Offered the best beer in Bohemia to his

guests
Introduced Rizal to the town mayor who
was impressed in his communication
skills.
 Tourists Club of Leitmeritz a group where
Blumentritt was the secretary.

Rizal spoke extemporaneously in fluent

German praising Austrias idyllic scenes and
hospitable, nature loving and noble people.
He was willfully applauded.

They were introduced to:

Dr. Carlos Czepalak a renowned scientist
Professor Robert Klutschak a eminent
naturalist.
 Rizal painted a portrait
of Blumentritt as a sign
of his gratitude to him
 Prague
Viola and Rizal carried with
them a recommendation from
Blumentritt address to Dr.
Wilkomm professor of
natural history in the
University of Prague.

Dr. Wilkolm
He accompanied the two
physicians in visiting the
historic places
 Tomb of Nicolaus Copernicus famous
astronomer

Museum of Natural History

Bacteriological Laboratories

Cave where San Juan Nepomuceno,

the Catholic saint was imprisoned as
well as the bridge where he was hurled
into the river.
 Vienna

Capital of Austria-Hungary

Rizal and Viola spent four days

in this city visiting the
buildings and examining holy
images and statues.
 Queen of Danube

Norfenfals one of the greatest novelists

in Europe during Rizals time was met by
Rizal through Blumentritt.

Diamond stickpin lost by Rizal in Hotel

Krebs, which was later given by the maid
to Blumentritt.

They stayed in Hotel Metropole while in

Vienna
 Danubian Voyage to Linz

Rizal and Viola left Vienna via

boat to see the beautiful sights
of the Danube River.

They noticed that passengers

were using paper napkins
during the meals instead of
cloth napkin.
 From Linz to Rheinfall
They left Austria from Salzburg, where Wolfgang
Amadeus Mozart was born. They re-entered
Germany.
Munich where they stayed for a short-time to
drink the Munich Beer (the best in Germany).
Nuremburg one of the oldest cities in
Germany
Where they saw the horrible machines used
in the Inquisition
The two were impressed by the manufacture
of dolls which was the citys biggest industry
 Ulm where the largest and tallest
Cathedral in Germany can be found.

From here they went to Stuttgart,

Baden, and in Rheinfall were they
saw the most beautiful waterfalls in
Europe.
 Switzerland

From Rheinfall to
Schaffhausen, Switzerland

Here they visited Basel

(Bale), Bern, and Lausanne.
 Geneva
One of the most beautiful cities in Europe
visited by tourists every year.

He spent 15 days in this place

Rizal spent his 26th birthday

Viola returned to Barcelona from Geneva

Rizal continued his tour to Italy.

 Exhibition of Igorots in 1887 Madrid
Exposition
In Geneva, Rizal and Viola received news from
Madrid about the deplorable conditions of the
primitive Igorots who were exhibited in the
exhibition.

Some of whom died, and whose scanty

clothing (G strings) and crude weapons were
objects of mockery and laughter by the
Spaniards.

Rizal was outraged by the degradation of his

fellow countrymen.
 Italy

In this place Rizal visited Turin,

Venice an Florence.

June 27, 1887 he reached

Rome The Eternal City and
the City of Ceasars
 Vatican

June 29, 1887 Feast day of

Saints Peter and Paul. He
visited the Vatican the city
of the Popes and the capital
of Christendom.
 The grandeur of Rome was something that
Rizal did not fail to appreciate in his
sojourn in Italy. After a week of travel in
Rome, he prepared for his homecoming to
the Philippines.
chapter 10

First Homecoming, 1887-1888

Rizals plans of coming back home
As early as 1884, Rizal wanted to go back to
the Philippines for the following reasons:

Financial difficulties in Calamba

Dissatisfaction with his studies in Madrid
Desire to prove that there is no reason to
fear going home.
His belief that the Spanish regime will
not punish the innocent.
 Decision to Return Home
After five years of his memorable sojourn in
Europe, Rizal returned to the Philippines.

However, Rizal was warned by the following

not to return to the Philippines because his
Noli Me Tangere angered the friars:

Paciano Mercado Rizals adviser and

only brother.
Silvestre Ubaldo Rizals brother in law;
husband of Olimpia.
Jose Ma. Cecilio (Chenggoy) one of
Rizals closest friends.
 Rizal was determined to come back to the
Philippines for the following reasons:

To operate his mothers eyes

To serve his people who had long been
oppressed by Spanish tyrants.
To find out for himself how the Noli Me
Tangere and his other writings were
affecting Filipinos and Spaniards.
To inquire why Leonor Rivera remained
silent.
 Rizal arrives in Manila
Rizal left Rome by train to Marseilles, a French
port and boarded Djemnah, the same steamer
that brought him to Europe five years ago.
There were 50 passengers: 4 Englishmen, 2
Germans, 3 Chinese, 2 Japanese, 40
Frenchmen, and 1 Filipino (Rizal)
When the ship reached Aden, the weather
became rough and some of Rizals book got
wet.
In Saigon (Ho Chi Minh), Vietnam he
transferred to another steamer, Haiphong, that
brought him to Manila.
 Happy Homecoming
When Rizal arrived in Calamba, rumors
spread that he was a:
German spy
An agent of Otto Von Bismarck the
liberator of Germany.
A Protestant
A Mason
A soul halfway to damnation
Paciano did not leave him during the first
days after arrival to protect him from any
enemy assault.
Don Francisco did not permit him to go out
alone
 In Calamba
Rizal established a medical clinic.

Doa Teodora was Rizals first patient

Rizal treated her eyes but could not perform any

surgical operation because her cataracts were not
yet ripe.

He painted several beautiful landscapes in Calamba.

He translated German poems of Von Wildernath in

Tagalog.
 Doctor Uliman Rizal was called this name
because he came from Germany.

He earned P900 in a few months and P5,000

before he left the Philippines.

Gymnasium was opened by Rizal for the young

people

He introduced European sports fencing and

shooting to discourage them from cockfighting
and gambling.
 Sad moments while Rizal was in
Calamba
Leonor Rivera Rizal tried to visit her in
Tarlac but his parents forbade him to go
because Leonors mother did not like
him for a son-in-law.

Olimpia Mercado-Ubaldo died

because of child birth.
 Storm over the Noli Me Tangere
As Rizal was peacefully living in Calamba, his
enemies plotted his doom.

Governor General Emilio Terrero wrote to

Rizal requesting to come to Malacaang Palace.
Somebody had whispered to his ear that the
Noli contains subversive ideas.
Rizal explained to him that he merely
exposed the truth, but did not advocate
subversive ideas.
He was pleased by Rizals explanation and
curious about the book, he asked for a copy
of the novel.
Rizal had no copy that time but promised to
send one for him.
 Rizal visited the Jesuits
Rizal visited the Jesuit fathers to ask for their
feedback on the novel.

He was gladly welcomed by the following

friars:

Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez

Fr. Jose Bech
Fr. Federico Faura told Rizal that
everything in the novel was the truth and
warned him that he may lose his head
because of it.
 Governor-General Emilio Terrero
a liberal minded Spaniard who knew
that Rizals life was in jeopardy
because the friars were powerful.

To keep him safe, he gave Rizal a

bodyguard to protect him.
 Jose Taviel de Andrade
A young Spanish lieutenant
who came from a noble family

He was cultured and knew

painting

He could speak French, English

and Spanish.

They became good friends.

 Attackers of the Noli
Archbishop Pedro Payo a
Dominican,
Archbishop of Manila

He sent a copy of the Noli to

Fr. Gregorio Echevarria, Rector
of the University of Santo
Tomas to examine the novel.
 UST and Rizal
The committee that examined the Noli Me
Tangere were composed of Dominican professors.

The report of the faculty members from UST

about the Noli states that the novel was:

Heretical, impious and scandalous in the

religious orders, and anti-patriotic, subversive
of pubic order, injurious to the government of
Spain and its function in the Philippine Islands
in the political order.
 Governor-General Terrero was not satisfied
with the report so he sent the novel to the
Permanent Commission of Censorship which was
composed of priests and lawyers.

Fr. Salvador Font Augustinian friar curate of

Tondo was the head of the commission.

The group found that the novel contain

subversive ideas against the Church and Spain
and recommended that the importation,
reproduction and circulation of the pernicious
book in the islands be absolutely prohibited.
 The newspaper published Fonts
written report

The banning of the Noli Me Tangere

served to make it popular

The masses supported the book.

 Fr. Jose Rodriguez Augustinian Prior of
Guadalupe

Published a series of eight pamphlets under

the heading Questions of Supreme Interest to
blast the Noli and other anti-Spanish writing.

Copies of anti-Rizal pamphlets were sold after

mass

Many Filipinos were forced to buy them in

order not to displease the friars.
 Noli Me Tangere in Spain
The novel was fiercely attacked in the session hall
of the Senate of the Spanish Cortes.

Senators:
General Jose de Salamanca
General Luis de Pando
Sr. Fernando Vida

Vicente Barrantes Spanish academician of

Madrid who formerly occupied high government
position in the Philippines bitterly criticized the
novel in an article published in the Madrid
newspaper, La Espaa Moderna.
 Defenders of the Noli Me Tangere
Propagandists such as Marcelo H. del Pilar,
Graciano Lopez-Jaena, Antonio Ma. Regidor,
Mariano Ponce rushed to uphold the truths of
the Noli.
Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez Rizals
favorite teacher in Ateneo defended and
praised the novel in public.
Don Segismundo Moret former Minister of
the Crown.
Prof. Miguel Morayta- historian and stateman
Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt Rizals best friend
 Rev. Fr. Vicente Garcia a Filipino Catholic
priest-scholar, a theologian of the Manila
Cathedral and a Tagalog translator of the
famous Imitation of Christ by Thomas
Kempis.

Under the pen name Justo Desiderio

Magalang he wrote a defense of the
novel published in Singapore.
 Rizal cried because of his gratitude to his
defenders especially to Fr. Garcia who
defended him unexpectedly.

He attacked Barrantes by exposing his

ignorance of Philippine affairs and mental
dishonesty which is unworthy of an
academician.

Because of the interest of both enemies

and protectors of the Noli the price of the
book increased from five pesetas per
copy to 50 pesetas per copy.
 Agrarian Problem in Calamba
Influenced by the novel, Governor-General
Emilio Terrero ordered a government
investigation of the friar estates to remedy
whatever inequities might have been present
in connection with land taxes and with tenant
relations.
One of the friar estates affected was the
Calamba hacienda by the Dominican order
since 1883.
Upon hearing about the investigation, the
people of Calamba asked helped from Rizal to
gather facts and list the grievances so that the
government might institute certain agrarian
reforms.
 Findings submitted by Rizal
The hacienda of the Dominican Order
comprised not only the lands around
Calamba, but the whole town of Calamba.

The profits of the Dominican Order

continually increased because of the arbitrary
increase of the rentals paid by the tenants.

The hacienda owner never contributed a

single centavo for the celebration of the town
fiesta, for the education of the children, and
for the improvement of agriculture.
 Tenants who spent much labor in clearing
the lands were dispossessed of the said
lands for flimsy reasons

High rates of interest were arbitrarily

charged the tenants for delayed payment of
rentals

When the rentals could not be paid, the

hacienda management confiscated the work
animals, tools, and farm implements of the
tenants.
 Friars Reaction
Rizals exposure to the deplorable condition
angered the friars.

The friars exerted pressure to Malacaang to

eliminate Rizal.

They asked Gov. Gen. Terrero to deport Rizal but

the latter refused for there is lack of charges
against Rizal in court.

Anonymous threats in Rizals life alarmed his

parents, siblings, Andrade his bodyguard,
friends, and even Terrero, thus they all advised
him to leave the country.
 Rizals reasons for leaving the
Philippines

His presence in Calamba was jeopardizing

the safety and happiness of his family and
friends.

He could not fight better his enemies and

serve his countrys cause with greater
efficacy by writing in foreign countries.
 Himno Al Trabajo
A poem for Lipa shortly before Rizal left
in 1888, he was asked by a friend to
write a poem in commemoration of the
towns cityhood.

Himno Al Trabajo (Hymn To Labor) title

of the poem dedicated to the industrious
people of Lipa.
 Farewell Philippines

On February 3, 1888 Rizal left his country

with a heavy heart.

But this is for his own good and the safety

of his family and friends.
chapter 11

In Hong Kong And

Macao (1888)
 Rizal Leaving the Philippines for The
Second time
Hounded by powerful enemies, Rizal was
forced to leave his country for the second time
in 1888.

He was 27 years old, a practicing physician, and

a recognized man of letters.

After six months of staying in the Philippines

Rizal left via the steamer Zapiro bound for
Hong Kong.
 Amoy the first stop over of
the ship

Rizal did not get off the

ship for the following reasons:

He was not feeling well

It was raining hard
He heard that the city is
dirty.
 Hong Kong
A British colony
Rizal stayed in Victoria
Hotel
He met
Jose Maria Basa
Balbino Mauricio
Manuel Yriarte (son of
the alcalde mayor in
Calamca)
 According to Rizal in his letter to
Blumentritt, Hongkong is a small, but very
clean city.

Many Portuguese, Hindus, English,

Chinese and Jews.

There are some Filipinos exiled in

Marianas Islands since 1872, they were
former financiers and rich but now poor,
gentle and timid.
 Rizals visit to Macao

A Portuguese colony
near Hong Kong.
Rizal together with Basa
boarded a ferry named
Kiu-Kiang going to
Macao.
 Jose Sainz de Varanda among one of the passengers . A
Spanish Spy to Rizal
Don Juan Francisco Lecaros a Filipino gentleman who is
married to a Portuguese lady.
Rizal and Basa stayed in his house for two days while they
were in Macao.
Rizal also visited the
Theater
Casino
Cathedral
Church
Pagodas
Botanical Garden
Bazaars
Famous Grotto of Camoens (Portugals
national poet)
 Experience in Hong Kong
During Rizals two-week vacation in Hong Kong,
he studied Chinese life, language, drama and
customs and found out the following which he
wrote in his diary:

The celebration of the Chinese New Year was

quite very noisy due to the continuous
explosion of firecrackers on the streets.
The lauriat party, where in the guests were
served a variety of dishes, shows lavishness
and hospitality among the Chinese.
The Dominican Order, the richest religious
order in Hong Kong, had millions of dollars
deposited in various banks earning very high
interests.
The graveyards for Catholics, Protestants and
Muslims were well maintained.
 Departure from Hong Kong

February 22, 1888

Rizal left Hong kong

Oceanic an American
steamer, his destination
was Japan.
chapter 12

Romantic Interlude in
Japan (1888)
 February 28-April 13,1888

One of the happiest interludes in

the life of Rizal was his sojourn in
the Land of the Cherry Blossoms for
one month and a half.
 Rizal arrives in Yokohama
Tuesday,February 28,1888
He registered at the Grand Hotel
 Rizal in Tokyo
March 2-7,1888
He wrote to professor
Blumentritt;
Tokyo is more expensive
than Paris. The walls are
built in cyclopean
manner.The streets are
large and wide.
 Juan Perez Caballero
-Secretary of Spanish Legation. A spy
on Rizal
Rizal, being an intelligent man,
realized that the Spanish diplomatic
authorities were instructed from
Manila to monitor his movement in
Japan. The Spanish Legation offered
him a place to stay. He accepted the
offer for:
Two Reasons
1.He could economize his living expenses
by staying at the legation
2. He had nothing to hide from the
prying eyes of the Spanish authorities.
 On march 7, Rizal checked out of
Tokyo Hotel and lived at the Spanish
Legation. He and Perez Caballero
bacame good friends.

In a letter of Blumentritt ;
Rizal described the Spanish diplomat
as a young, fine, and excellent
writer and an able diplomat who
had traveled much.
 During his first day in Tokyo, Rizal was
embarrassed because he did not know the
Japanese language.

He wrote to Blumentritt;
Here you have your friend , Rizal the wonder
of the Japanese, who has the face of
Japanese but does not speak Japanese. On
the streets, when I go shopping , people
look at me and ill-educated laugh because I
speak such a strange language. In Tokyo
very few people speak English , but in
Yokohama many speak it. Some believe I'
am an Europeanized Japanese who does
not want to be taken as such.
 Rizal and the Tokyo musician
March 1888
-Rizal heard the Tokyo band playing a classical
work of Strauss. He taught:
How admirable was the rendition .I wonder
how these Japanese people have
assimilated the modern European music to
the extent of playing the beautiful musical
masterpieces of the great European
composers as well.

Paisano, Taga saan po kayo?

 Rizals impression of Japan
1. The beauty of the country its flowers,
mountains, streams and scenic
panoramas.
2. The cleanliness, politeness, and industry of
the Japanese people.
3. The picturesque dress and simple charm of
the Japanese women.
4. There were very few thieves in Japan so
that the houses remained open day and
night, and in the hotel room one could
safely leave money on the table.
5. Beggars were rarely seen in the city
streets, unlike in Manila and other cities.
 However, there is one thing he did
not like in Japan , and that was the
popular mode of transportation by
means of rickshaws drawn by men.
He felt disgusted at the way a human
being was employed like a horse.
 Romance with O-Sei-San

Being a man with an eye for

feminine beauty, he was
attracted by her legal
loveliness and charm. He
craved to meet her.

Seiko Usui-real name

-who lived in her parents
home and that she used to
pass by the legation during
her daily afternoon walk.
 Rizal with O-Sei-San
versatile
gallantry
talents
dignity
modesty Charming
tenderness

intelligence beauty

guide tutor courtesy interpreter

 O-Sei-San, a Japanese samurais
daughter taught Rizal the Japanese
art of painting known as su-mie. She
also helped Rizal improve his
knowledge of Japanese language. If
Rizal was a man without a patriotic
mission, he would have married this
lovely and intelligent woman and
lived a stable and happy life with her
in Japan because Spanish legation
there offered him a lucrative job.
 Sayonara Japan!

As everything on earth has to

end, the beautiful romance
between Rizal and O-Sei-San
inevitably came to a dolorous
ending. Sacrificing his personal
happiness, Rizal had to carry on
his libertarian mission in
Europe.
 Voyage across the Pacific
Despite his sorrowing heart ,Rizal enjoyed the
pleasant trans-Pacific voyage to the US.
One day one of the children, a bright young boy
asked Rizal:

Do you know, sir, a famous

man in Manila named
Yes ,hijo, I am Richal.
Richal? He wrote a novel,
Noli Me Tangere.
 Rizal and Tetcho
Tetcho Suchiro
-a fighting Japanese journalist, novelist and
champion of human rights, who was forrced
by the Japanese government to leave the
country, just as Rizal was compelled to leave
the Philippines by the Spanish authorities.

On December 1,1888, after a last warm

handshake and bidding each other goodbye,
Rizal and Tetcho parted ways Never to meet
again. Rizal remained in London to conduct
historical researches on Mora at the British
museum, while Tetcho returned to Japan.