CHEM ENG 3029: Materials III

Assignment 1 (total 25 marks)

WORK IN A GROUP OF THREE
DUE DATE: THURSDAY 14 APR 2016

INSTRUCTIONS:
All members of the group will receive the same mark for each assignment.
All submitted assignments must have an assessment cover sheet and all details
(STUDENT NAMES AND ID) must be filled clearly. Any submitted
assignment that does not follow this rule will not be graded.
10% deduction will be applied to any illegible or extremely messy writing.
Therefore, where appropriate DRAW PICTURES! SHOW YOUR WORKING.
Put a BOX around all FINAL numerical answers. Dont forget appropriate units
and significant figures.
Late assignments will incur a 10% deduction per day.
The tutor and I are available in tutorial sessions to answer your questions and
provide you with appropriate guidance in solving tutorial/assignment problems.
However, you must be able to demonstrate that you have made a reasonable
first attempt at solving the problem before seeking help and guidance.
_____________________________________________________________________

1. An extrinsic semiconductor with a charge carrier density of 1024 m-3 is fabricated

in form of a wire with a cross sectional area of 1mm2 and length of 1m. This wire
is used to make a coil with a length of 1 cm, by turning it 100 times. Upon
application of 100 V to this coil a magnetic field strength of 1.6 105 H is
observed. What is the mobility of charge carriers in this semiconductor. How
does the magnetic field strength change by changing temperature in the same
experimental setup (10 marks).

H = NI/L
1.6105 =100 I /0.01m
I=16 A

V=IR
100V=16A. R
R= 6.25
R=L/A
6.25 =1m/10-6m2
= 1.6 105 S/m
= ne
= 1.6 105 /(10241.610-19)=1m2/V-s (6marks)

considering that the semiconductor using in this work is an extrinsic

semiconductor over a large range, temperature doesnt have any effect on
conductivity-> current and magnetic field strength (3marks). However at high
enough temperatures number of charge careers may increase. Considering the
high doping level temperature may not have a significant effect on mobility,
thus we can conclude that at high temperatures conductivity may rise and this

1 of 2
 CHEM ENG 3029: Materials III

result in higher current and higher magnetic field strength. At very low
temperatures the charge carriers will be frozen and conductivity will decrease
and this results in lower magnetic field strength. (1marks)

2. The following phase diagram is available for Lead/Tin alloys. Develop a graph
that demonstrates electrical conductivity of the alloys as a function of alloy
composition at 0C (Include at least five data points) When lead and tin are
mixed at low concentrations they can dissolve in each other. At this solid
solutions the electrical resistivity can be calculated using the following equation,
=0(1+A.C)
where 0 is the resistivity of the pure metal, A is a constant and C is the weight
percent of the impurity. The value of A for lead/tin system is 0.1. The following
additional information is also available. (15 marks)
Conductivity of pure Tin: 107 Scm-1
Conductivity of pure Lead: 0.5107 Scm-1
Density of -phase at 0C: 5 g.cm-3
Density of -phase at 0C: 10 g.cm-3
Atomic Weight of Tin:119
Atomic Weight of Lead:207
-phase composition at 0C:99.5%Sn, 0.5%Pb
-phase composition at 0C:1.5%Sn, 98.5%Pb

lead =1/conductivity=1/(0.5107)= 210-7 .m

tin =1/conductivity=1/107= 10-7 .m

alfa = lead(1+A.Ctin)= 210-7 (1+ (0.1 1.5))=2.310-7 .m

beta = tin(1+A.Clead)= 10-7 (1+ (0.1 0.5))=1.0510-7 .m (2marks)

2 of 2
 CHEM ENG 3029: Materials III

calculations for 50% sample

Lever rule for at 0C
weight fraction of alfa: 49.5/98=50.5 wt%
weight fraction of beta: 48.5/98= 49.5 wt%

Converting weight fraction to volume fraction

In a 100g sample Alfa: 50.5g/10g.cm-3=5.05 cm3
Beta: 49.5g/ 5g.cm-3= 9.9 cm3
total volume = 5.05+9.9=14.95 cm3
Valfa=5.05/14.95=0.34
Vbeta=9.9/14.95=0.66 (3marks)

Calculating resistivity for a two phase system

=1.V1+2.V2, =0.342.310-7+0.661.0510-7=1.47510-7 .m

= 1/ = 0.68107 (5 marks)

The rest of data points can be calculated in the same way using excel. (5marks)

Sn% alfa wt% beta wt% alfa V% beta V% rho-alfa rho-beta resistivity conductivity
0 5.00E+06
10 91.32653 8.673469 84.03756 15.96244 2.30E-07 1.05E-07 2.10E-07 4760840
25 76.02041 23.97959 61.31687 38.68313 2.30E-07 1.05E-07 1.82E-07 5505211
50 50.5102 49.4898 33.7884 66.2116 2.30E-07 1.05E-07 1.47E-07 6791841
75 25 75 14.28571 85.71429 2.30E-07 1.05E-07 1.23E-07 8139535
90 9.693878 90.30612 5.093834 94.90617 2.30E-07 1.05E-07 1.11E-07 8979297
100 1.00E+07

1.20E+07

1.00E+07
Conductivity S/m

8.00E+06

6.00E+06

4.00E+06

2.00E+06

0.00E+00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Sn wt%

3 of 2