‘Avot in the seis MYTH AND POETICS lid by Gregory Nagy ‘A fl at fen the eres appears the ead of he book BORN OF THE EARTH Myth and Politics in Athens Nicote Loraux ‘Trarlated fiom the Frenh by Selina Stewart CORNELL UNIVERSITY PRESS“rm, emul pi © by Cn ie as epi 4 igs mera fa he ttn in ek SRE ti nin Scart Stim eon ge nt ie by Come ey re wk pl wi te fe Mn oC ny tte kr ee Na Tome Me 8 A Co rte ets ee in Sn Ot ay of Cage Cnn Da toa, Ne ee Pe pti te eam ie om he as en » Scede-Gune— 3, Nama ati oe con eye nis we men opal eno CRISSCEISD asa de pg te cet ty ere oe oc ‘ected te ek rp iP oe Sem SEES ei am ee gece rd mcg SRE ES fem dc ay Fre oman otievew mtd Gohping wT OES OE Contents Foreword by Grepory Nagy ‘Aue’ Nore 1. At Lat, Bom Moral 2. The Benois of Aszochthoay 5. The Polis of My sn Arkon 4 An Arcadian in Athens 5 Glory ofthe Same, Prestige ofthe Other 6 Inguiy ito the Hstonicl Construction of Murer 17. Why Greek Meshes Supposedly litte the Eth 1 From Pato to Bachofen and Beyond 9, Ancient Moti, Modem Conaractons: Earth, Woman 10, The Ret ofthe Excluded 14, Democrey Pat to the Tes of che Suanger (Athens, Pas) Notes Teer aa 3 » 65 8s 9s 5 us 17Foreword Garcon Nacr of th Bath: Myth nd Polisi Ate) by Neo Loc, 2 ‘complement to The Chien of Atha Athenian Hes abut Cima nd he Dion bwec the Sexes sncton Univesity Pre 19)? Tat ror, the orginal French version of whch was publihed eat wo {tcade go, nt complement her ist book, the Englhverson of ‘which The lento fie Te Parcel Orton he Cla iy (Haracd Univenty Pre 1986, A number of diogushd books esedin the term, cdg another one the Myth and Poetics se- {iss Mite n Mouming puted wih heey Of Arey and is Op poe (6990. She seuence of Imetn of Ath! Chl of ‘Aten? Bor th Eh eon ite 2,4 ly, exploring + Spevtclay wide range of Me and delogesconcoming the cic ‘entiy of Athenians 2 aud men who "bor ofthe at.” ‘OF ther eeze book, Bam of he Ear ithe widest angi in n= test and applications ike the ober so, zara off by ocsing on the poetic and theton inkeren na core mj dat tof he Bit, fou Motker Ear, of 2 proerypial attocithonow han who be” coms he nosonalancetor of Athen cen, Bu hen te Tes "tty Si Sr oN ie aie a a RESIS SSL tom aes ne ee senator ee Fc eS an tn he: i in Gt ee “peti Sy Goes hae En i ut ei iy pd Dee en Pavii Foreword widens, gal pening ino viion that eches wel beyond he hi Tonal content of cal Aten hi son Keeps on widening sa the edit encompass the preset day resis floc and woeld pol- tn the Ea co op content today’s onging pita ‘oslo! urge over defiton of umanizy sewers of sch = too-fiiiar dictions gender, ace and ene oun. “This bok efitcavey defies thes dsinctous by imvoking the clesicl Athenian nth of astoony. I he terminology of is th “Shout the gomr of Fit Man, Born of Mother Earth, the word srr Tren nt ony his man's "genet x uma and ivi proce ‘Dean abo 1 hb “ender dine ram eke ponml, tai om ‘amie () hs nace" a tinct fom te socunan ht om nan () hice” dint rom the on-Athenian, hats, om ‘ther enie rouping. The Mensty ofall Atenas i determined by Sha protneypcl man named Erehthes(akinsey iene ito fo pants figs, Erehevs and Esicionioy). Moreover, Lo- ‘Shuciows, the dniy of Aberian democracy belts ature” by ‘Be gor of Echo: the goes of ie pocoshuman comes “na ‘al fom thee ike the gees of plan. Mother Eat has be ome a democrse euize: rom the compasive pape of his carer sath about Home emootos gender and eae reveled carl conse, 9 Ho ogi determinant es sy do speak in terme of ilgy, bu thei ‘Bolo story sme out to be eel determined. The grade of relics mut be mae bese nly mas ae cizes, and Eres is primary the eestor ofl eee of a deorac, only econdiy the ancoor of humans. The "ee of Erechthws has 9 exloe all fov- Athenian Beaute only Athenians can be etizens of the Mother anchor Athens. ‘The mb “pooti” of gender a ace ae a ‘brags in Atenian Back gue vate paising, for compe, color i ode of gender, at of re" Hack she color for the akin of mals, thi, fet of nals, "The sbieasines of mye coding can lead tm gape in inking aout iden the gos of all humsse comes “nana” mn he ‘womb of female humane bt the oe of the prto-Athenian mae Toman comes tana” orn Earth, seems the Mother Nase trois fcedy forthe ft Arbenian man: he = geminated and “lnegs fom he ground Eke the seed of pant, whl al other Ae= Foreword in men ar conesved and emerge rm the womb of women. Fr al ‘ther Atenin men, notonly descended at they ar om the rOo- [Athenian ma, tere are wo Kind of ge hat exp ther genes ‘Primi, they ae born ofthe Fath teen they belong ka the Ate an "rae" secondary, they sre Bors of wom beau they belong, tothe human "nce" ‘Te problem shat cher ce people who ge out of thi wod- vw. Only Athnisn men can thik of thems as pemanly 8 seonded from Mother Earth, whl ofet men ate deed merely fom bursa wore Ad what abou hve oter it who ew dem sctes a autocthonous, jst Eke the Aiea? Let ws tke, for ex tmp the mies ofthe Aran ty of Tees, who ave asi tochehonout nh abou iow gos, Tn ection, he Athenians wl fy eo ge around this contadition of ther smigaenen by making he “Teg not igus they wil rer them not Toga nec ene of tn Tol Moher Each of Tog Bot ten gener erm 2 Areas, since ager Aeadans do not by cam to such 2 myth of Sucodbony, Is fr for Athenians pak of Arcadian autochthony than of Tepe stachtony, snce Mother Earth an chs be gener dee, syed arene. ‘Coser to home, sere ia bigger problem: what ifyou happen to ‘bean Athenian woman? When yo give bit the gen pecy ot condi? Wh comes fi? eth it of eld Gom 2 womb or the emergence ofa seding fom the eh? Tn her wots, What Inodeled on wis? When you ive bith, re you re-enacting the gee sit ofthe Fine Mas? And whats your child danghce? Thete ae ‘ther myths about tse Fit Worn, bu these wil oe fi the bi of | yur daghtceanlen, that i, You ae alten thinking of Pander “These ar the ques aol by Hom of he Fath To rsd this books ot only to eck ase io rconfort oe on bam.Bom of he Ear, The Aten we, 0 a leat 6 they wold have oes bie nd — ethene yt. Be sel my ey, Fg ow fe ya oth the ane, and ing the ome Thier usin, i gies he as a xt ot ea 80 the se, Eich fo oo! the bday, age difit day of he fini Never 995 {would ke ean: Hine Morse who was kind enought sone the bras of mansieps preparion aad matics prootead- ing ofthe French-anguae cio, “This hook wis bom long ag fom » algae, acver since iter rupted, woth Maurice Olends Irie ao thanks aim ta the vlame peas tay. NL‘At Last, Bom Mortal “There it ao Gresk Genes Nothing o provide the Gree with a oe stoke, 4 Crestor and + date of bh: nor ay Greek poem an the ‘ngs f humanity omening the autos of the Thao, Hesiod’ poem on the beh of he god. Al the sme, dhe Greeks had no shore- eo my with which peak ofthe Sn men ot imagine the fof the human condition: wore flag go, when the Earth Mater feed umankind fom te pein cancers ofthe reproduction ofthe ‘pores, when the eel spn ofthe Golden Age digised death in Ahep and granted moral men eel ‘Man comes fom the eth. On this poiat—ground zero of myth rarely developed for ova sake, more often alle roo simply let fnwatespoes and plsleophes, sions! tdions of he poe and fale ofthe origin of the Greek ace gre oe many ha ae ‘0 ways of coming Eom theca Ia certain mth, sch she > tonic mh ofthe gee form [oot Age] of theca)! or Be ‘ochthonow Adhenin ot Theban myes from auth, bom fom he ‘i [th oa io one's homeland, man—mankind, +, (Semen op om the eth plant emerges om the round {eld om the womb, According w other mye such the Hesiod ‘ory ofthe cretion of women, the human crete (here women and the opposition of hc sexey, af we alle, ae not wtb signin), ‘nade ofc nd modeled bya godin he rol of ras, the prod ‘tof ition. Each a Bel ah a sbeance: ld orc. fat the level of sch peti, sowing fr more broadly acu) 20d2 Bom afte Earth potery-aking (or more broadly catmanihip) oppose ech ober = tual arial ot rpg thar between the wo versions (tereaion there hold be more diminish reseebance, ‘On one side the ah x ld spomanecuy Fee rfid by wing” producing men Thos ae primtive rcs spontaneous Zesing om G8 ike the Potonc gfe or dviving fom a ata oti hough a “meds chon i sch as men “bom of oak Id tone" He’ ace of bronze sprang fom ah te and ate tochtbones bom fom di uatve ol suc te Tetum Spur who Ipeang ep fargo and rad for combat the product ofa trae ering ainda byte ame the Sowa”) ing ou of the psi ‘Sawhich Kado ha setered a gon’ teh, Likewie de mytiel Siero of the hess, Exhthonios or Erechthens, at Be 03 family a of ome complet, was 4 product ofthe sl he vig ‘Atbera having evaded he pring adanees of the css god He ‘haz the sath rcv the ejected love’ sperm and gave bis {he miraculous inne wo bear te king of Ate. “om te ther side the earths doce ate, fone by a vine cafioman, sear, of poter. ia esd this erafman is ced He ‘aon snd woman fis masepiece of nang A subsequent adi Son preaned to have humankind bor inthe wes ofthe ner Imedary Promebut, 4Iate invention pechaps, and esta abo the inveaion ofa proper or emi pes fat wit is importants ht {Grech yea thought un could rut om a eh act ‘Bor ef the Eat primardal Gf of he commognie, achropemor- pha Grp in the ith of scons solitary poe = boring kes woman ging Bir free and nourishing fiver roiler of Mf, fom whos men grow Bike pans of pti 2 i omeled whowe intabics defend ie 3s they would 3 Ger and mote, oF made of ath (0 hs water none version ike Pat Gomi Hed or Hes the ightened Aches whom Menciaus could tly ring sel toro a women nde a 7.9): man bs 3 ths dopo wo compcting mythical dacounes concen his ori. Caan te ey th sem ely to revi over tc myths of asic: The eth mote moter than mutes, in Grek hough Tamguage, where the somatic Gale of seul reproduction and plant pow ae inewtealy interned, Wibou eying to decide which of the othe ent ar he female sites the other, Greck question ‘Atl, Boss Morel 3 std by Plato and reheaned ad sacar by moder chal (hs Dic- (eich hi clebted Mtr En)? ee ote da sn marge 308 the ape age, wou i eld wo be worked, 2 Sarow to be sm "Yer we mut go fer, beyond the opposition ofthe eo models “The Gres thenalves orca red the borden beeen ad and lay ths spent weal se, wth Pandor, the Be woman. AbOYe aly bh version ofthe craton my ave he ame tendency co eplce the queen ofthe begining wit ht of what happens aerwar “To explin: humankind exits Bees hee wee “ist men,” yet the great dial nt sign them bh, but o give them por tery In other wor, even i with Pato, the Greeks were wiling 0 beleve dt “nen ofthe precoding age were Bon fom he eth nad feng engendened one rom anote,” ie was neverbelseequied hat one dey the endless cyl of reproduction, eo whieh hmankind must be sabject in dere perpetate selon his eth, begin’ Doubt Tee the goes dno proceed without dls and “mise,” ance fonder © carcteaze the beginnings of humans, myths mpi the ‘epeton the redpltion, the diconiity.Somesimes men xe born fom primordial beings whe ate theneeves dered fom the eth, and ‘who, srt af res sebeurl, ensure the taston between the oi {andthe umes often, That the “paren” of Phones, mye Sncestr of the Arpves and Bint man,” were the ver Unc ad he nymph Mala? dager of Ocean (ccoting to Apelodor) or ster ‘tthe Ml, ahstee ayphe who were bem from Gai ene by {he Blood of Ourinos”Likewie inte Orpbic yt humankind soe fiom the aes ofthe Titan, who col be een 2“ pei ‘ofthe human ice" Sometimes eduction ad dscomtnty dominate, sn the my prepared wo amit + it human race it ‘order give hamanity new tar he Hood removes aes om he ee ‘ofthe cath, but Deueaion and Pyiha, by throwing stones onto the ‘roand produce anew haman race hat asta nga in the process of reproducing ee Forman gue man was Bors af en, and not ofthe wskuown. "Tellme your race and your ative land, bees sly You re ot fiom the legendary oak eee or fromm sane." Sorts eels C0 this Hlomene qoeion + ew cenanes tr I too have res: ice, os “omer ym not"bom fom ek or zoc bu om human beings:4 Born ofthe Fath const se pres" To oon xis in 2 rove ee ec ne a ec ny taming thw isk mes sire che overt on ih ree: mh ting ot {Egon hing Ye cv tks lef ae SETEST te Great or rod int igs po an Seon fom te ong wich detely cond he ta codon Wee dys nd now srs, he elf earn at cole mgs oon fn. Betowe tne of men da of Sonam noni cen pag ve Sow ie orf er of Hee we Serer ne eee, the ace frome ad he ne of TESTES Sane mcf on row dos or cn Ta latch preceding once Pee Vk Nee oh “RY Petipdocen ony fom a ot i order too, ‘found bes let song tempor elf be sac Site ac ema tor acer on, ph oe ERTIES geo utr cea er nig hth igo Te ng Sut nis eure vn ode of econ 2 ix tow they ob ended “hn ger ce fsa ad when we pa ost crcton we anda th hamsn condo hie ime “Thos man is bors, and dics. ven the langage of yeh undencores tis moval: men i mato, neni) bene hey ae Chunctrzed a tee and they ae eet only theses of ‘onc eo om the eat” pont (Eom pn] an thn ie lat." Moreavee Hii not the primordial exh) butte eth Chieti the home and ce often ae stuated, rly abd be Ghose the ty ofthe Ofypian gods and the depths of Haden One ‘Mepetook br efrence to creston i the wo amaenc; bu this Ee and elcure wort pububly means no moe thin “en who ae tora on earth" Georg Duma observed tht for the major of Talo-Besopeao languages nan thew” hs Tati hao, Fo Thoma etre being “the moral ye tbe Grek choice of mona is tore than» lagi preference: 2 uit () sfimtion, and without Nem The probe wth sen nthe end inochi hey xe Acta, Bom Moral 5 ‘ina way, nwt thee bu her ht hy ot pat BE {realy hy ony eh 1s 2 ber enon mn, ceed by Prometheus snd Aes, wat sede he yaad wind, jut he Bayon ly mined it Se Hood of 2 go, andthe Jw ward into wich the Ctr treed i” But mre grr, Grek myth was ile concemed th he day of sn body and moral rosa pt the looper ace body with ea and oul wis ee era ae whe the iu of ca sd wer ch made the buna Tig? Grek my ren ethno eo ee Teal spaces dat earned mes om the company fhe ode Gencnlting, what JeamPie Verant mote conceming te ‘rome myth a esd one mighty hat “some wa he oy {eft penton deeb te ceaon of an" nhc Golden Age men were ew the gd, anda 0 no og esd ant Pinar go tthe hy hve he sae ong ne inet they both cane fn GE Buta ccuned wich eoyed {be ey coal cra ot gt and ad 3-40 Apel tev remnd he er Denies at "hee wana ew di et rs at fhe imnoral gdb and char of men who wa he on” Tat ot ow tum 10 the myth of Prometeas in he Tagny (635-80, ce Hod ho tol the try oft spon. We Ene {Se lian ny of goad mene Tran Prometica con {hcl the Seca, the go man atge ouch Sire ince ht tne te genersonr of mand hl {ipa i oe ignieae thee ey wero Jeg ‘ated cifice tthe immo ner to epuhe beaker ik BO the rae wa comma wen Pras opted soe Sad ae fren the Bre of wick he ange of ew bl pte Shem With he coking fr, man woke wo hve yc ae Sr cone hi fd: more nectar, yet ae m0 lenge hid om, the bess But Zeus wa ot go cone fein bnen, and agent iyo wate the ight of he ‘enti oe lows among mea.” There “in the ce of fre be ceed ae dein for men” (3-579), am el eae ‘woman(6 Bom of he Bath ‘The Creation of Woman man: ene cody Ruy «pone i Ba snl Poe esr wr haan ing be woman we how cond utadbon ts pte? Wih fio einen wee my ac hana of wom by AF ea ae ear xrnon oe wd he Soe SE ee metre oe rd a rch Pa ee i Gea whch ste wo) tie caer sm nr hana bag ppd Gt a ere pace wen ek cpa pc REE ech a he on he oe ne acim oc toperat wc nee med nd Seeing wana en? Woman ot ee aca ft myat ign ith de ner SEEN ween enh ptr ne o el ck SORT ete Tie compen tie ole SSUES ceca nacre see ceed be TEL ches nth em sew nme of mre Sivefatnan se am mae fe se ne SO Spann cm nrc we bor nt baa ote SESS Sn heybeome anton ae hha ce Sens mc wks roa elt ne: Bute 0 hele ap cl frm Sarge at Po ST tect pe om a of le te ee pce seme Papa rk a SSEGrottn in Gens doc yc ofan oe ain PES talon ean mys np SSE SSS Nowoer mn se orb pose cee aon mmplng ei 2am She hata Set tae” “On i Some ne el TEATS i saa vag inal eh of he Se ts cep women ee wom, with 0 See Tey aod caecum Wanan' eel te SEES ew atin penn yh sed by Genes ‘pte nh tae tc eG, he “Ee om Pome Stan, bt woman Hel Unite enna ‘At Lat, Born Morel 7 Hepat, aninated aie in which dhe aromatonrembls the vig, woman ives by being a ariice™ ‘Comequeney i snd hugh her, dy is reinmodiced toe sun, Not aly does the adon of thi upar to de human ace Inve the ic of cating im vo, but woman hema a mitre, 20 ong othe toy he Wonks nd Dye (4-10), which parallel hat ofthe Thagory without yng encly the nine thing, Made of exh tnd water, woman combina "he voice and szength af haman bess” “tne beat form of 2 ovely mien, in he kage ofthe sere golden” (61-4) sad “the mind of bich” (67. This before Hesiod, [ber on in the poe, ives hea womb. ‘Bat die womb his fom thea on ee fnction of reprodicing ie mankind Here sain we find, even more aut, the easion between ovgin and ‘he tne of men. ies dl to proce fom the bh ofthe aes to human ccs of geneation, bow cn ving aie aime the fane~ fon of fg? Hesiod resoles the ditiealy by mess of 2 moan: ‘woman rcivs the mame of Pando, and iti sgnfcant that, even ‘he poet madd the mcm by inventing + new eymology (80-8 “he ‘who ls he gi ofa), et wos ako one of he epee of Eat (be ‘who giver?) But woald be hy simply 9 cancade om thi dat “orl Pandora ic ont the eewponion ofthe anh Mert the Jnunao ode" i would ber forget for example that a Gres my ‘eal tration, a lest a erable nour tex, here ino ee a= tockthonoot worn t be found. Nevrthlen, woman hed vo sume ‘whit ad ben the fantion of dhe cath. Hee in their own Eh fon on the nnge rlaontp tas cxalshed is Pando beeween fer and sae, Athenian pote abo succumbed tthe dese © ‘confound arth Mother and ar Cy cup ithe Bish Maseam stows Athena snd Heobitosocupied wih fale Fit, sae, of stoma, aif dol to whom the salptor hs cual given the ‘ame of Antsdor, another sual appliton of te Ea Mother, But inversely on an OsforlKater, a pled fof named Pando rie ot ofthe earth sede ready or marage... "Do we have her ats this ‘sdithonou womat? Those who aere © the mata thes, who recoyize hypoaa ofthe Barth Mother never ele fie ae of| ‘couse enulan. Others marvel, or sce this conesnination berwees andor and Pander the double mate of woman8 Hom ofthe Fart ivi cl aman nt of imag, hig 6 «BE nc RES tc ae, he Thor he onion Eke nn cons al mbgy, To her cae te eal ct SERGE Goo thus Be hen depating te fa women he wegen wh ser ay one hd eey gt in expt Eta he onl woman the mother of up de wpe SC ee us eer women. AS abe ae ld oy esc me Write tual wr were repens oe TENA nt mf Aton renewed y Fae mae erm SR meal te me Bors he nth Genii Seas er ceptee tng ferme wi enpoanly fg het2 SERIE tome torn forthe on™ No debe i eee Sanya te word gs esd si Peo, which Pe aly wel wo egg sere gender ot ht OS SCRESET Sentry Bu ew nore ee an rion of sa pore Bon oe neo fom two? “sth ae Boe Fe ard e oer Wa the two vin formed COGIREE zebra th Grek theme the rob des eee em lowing theming of vex): how ce men 2S iy en sd women wh ae Waly women be bon fom 2 TROFLINY atatone alow thew emit nd eae? ‘Sodhow cn the oe een om te 0? The equine wich Ane Sit docon, com pst and tgein tos eS cae axcen oie Bx the mys th gtd eh ‘dun usuica wens ng dtr mine wey doe SEE Een tees coeg enon snc. The thane spas ony ceaon mye ted reac an tones Chott” ong es TESST Phy of ren the bang of and oe Goes atin tna word ote tne “Tota to andes hs tine ing the ten in ts ci ese: andes, an ascnbly of whom conte dhe city (li) according w » Gree ‘Sage re al, selene Fach iy has 9 "fist ma” a meson, ‘ebro poisel eo, bom fhe eth ike Hsctho= ‘Sono Atheca, of iver BkePhoroncs of Argos, ox mais sch a [Anlirenes of Voeats, ot bors om the union of god and either» ‘poral woman ot nymph the Ads the eponymos hero ofthe Arc ALL Bor Moral 9 ans, we the som of Zeus and the syph Calli, an Pelegs the son ‘of Zou and he moral Niche. Moreover, dee were mil stances ‘of comamination between thee dificest origi te motoconoes [Eacthowior could slo prope be led “son ofthe god" and Atbe~ isn eon ws fn of hs asious de, which was extended tothe ‘role commit fends Anat Hkewie Pelgo he om of Zs ‘wat in another vesion of the mh "Tk a god, he whom the Black ‘ct bore in the ort heights of the mosis hae there mig be 1 moral sie." Phoroets, sometimes 500 ofthe sve Inachos alone, ermeéns Son of nachos and Mel, as the “fie ma,” the “her of| mec me.” ‘Nisctent-cenary Geman scholnhip stamped ro derive thee make legends fom single myth 2 cretion myth common toa ‘Geel and which ac cy presented in mm loa orm: men bors ‘ft Earth o he union ofthe ah and Sky (Zea epreering ‘Sky sa each of hie comors the Eas Meter of which she would be merely an indvdoalizediyposass* Bu beyond the fc hat Ue testone edacoor 2g empitrna tory generally oreo ‘Be specie tin of ach rato each ge, vie or tan (Zeus isnot the Sky, Deseo cannot be roluced to Zeus noe Pyrat the tod Eat the Bre of Phoroneu, Sze fell oii ike ht wc, Zeus vometimes ges the tops of ah wees” should no be confed ‘vith tat which Prometheus tle for ne, nor with dn wil burs Inthe forge of Hepainoe, “Sher” ofthe Athenians), ts poor method ye osc to recs he aga, i pe, uit as, To forall ame, conse wo be exresied Uwough fagnent of dix ‘count, scent ence ofa pandign that his dsppcared Tao hat each cy wiser wo tl in i own wy the Hoy ofthe bith ofthe fat an. Every foundation myth ine concemod wth o- valing 2 verson ofthe begining of humaaking dan with posting Ube niga noilty of under. as Erechthei, the atochthonoas “Anetns iked o remember tat the pale of Erechess was a the temple of Athem descents of Ploy the Pelagians were the se inhabitants of the Peloponnes. No doube such anne ried the ‘problem ofthe paige to the human: xchotios or Phorones ni ted the tine of human history fo the Atheian or Arie ty, whieh rember of Athens lan wu the Rt of te nbs Abn? How could the son of nachos bring an ed he penal rm wich the ne10 Bom the ict snakes of Argoe wee th Rivers? Ze the mos fegent "ithe fnnond tory, which lade sme to ake the Homese expresion vals ther of gos and men” eral, wheres perhaps there oni “sary tela. Yor the problem remain what mikes he 00 aud he Sama? lo Ge the poe were Hite oid with (hs gueton, The important hing war atthe eponymons spear was [Ely hema and of pesos bara the ene sine. Tis the present und i jaenion ina pnelogy Bat atached ito the ei ime, tna poss om the aeinis pei he ft ogographrs (an magia Sree, emblbed thee ancient hisres"—quns-hiorcs of dhe ‘ioe oreven ofthe Greek peopl, which the Penance tacos Tee to Phoroneas or Pligos andthe Helles to Devcon “Jeomeen cach ofthe "ft men” of mirelos bi divine = ‘gad the er ofthe fin men wich came fo te eth oF Wee eee Uy the gus ait devlps, the sme Hat spaces ind [Bom spac, te ame fom anonymity. In the Greek myth hee 20 (Eoean ancoenr of humankind who receives a wane, evn that of Man Uke Adam in Gene, Sead every ancestor of heroic ine or “mnie chat by the mae which he eas, and which he ‘Gummi, Ia one way or athe, to hs decenns, Thos és the ‘aonb all Ateuinn ze Breeds, and one ofthe ten ees dha ‘arena the vie dy of ens was ared Fes i ao he ‘Ripe cleboed the memory fhe Ss cy founded by Phorones— the att Phron™ “Corin ex qf Pegs oe Phones “st man” ite hip), Ave we then to concade ar by aning Sata prion = aaron cy dame ie boner faving gien bh to mankind, ke thos peoples who nue themselves en, sowing by this atm ‘bai cyer tne een stots of humanity diappess when one goer beyond the nts of he goup"” Cerin the ssi of the Greek Pac wel a the vay ove pig che hem apt oe 22 ahr peed thm in ht dction Ths Argo made Phorones 3 fining heres wh, by gathering men oc sy, ist ended hse dpe thos hls the Aries wets fir 8 ste that was Phoneus and not Promsheas who ave fie fo huang. Bot n= ‘Ger mods preemiats in Aen, where by eburingto heme Satccvely the annchthony of Erichhonio, che cizes thooght of henselae and fremont 8 exemplary aes ising om a ch ‘At Lat, Bom Moral 1 shih ea os, wt nt ie te ‘Geir wameced eh te fi aman nn) oer pcs api oe mony ms tote in ter ped tora inte anon erent oro in te onion myth er ya Ape yh cootg eo tons bet tao sun te pus exces te comet fn Seo in whch he Gc se peop he yi ots ot wedi apt nc re i nt oe Fre Siemon ite sey pst “Te ar hepsi Sil yt eof Devon a rate So retina an Oca of Paes el Deco sed hier or con yo, hr ft ed Padre ‘hon te aye Zea ula oe fwd at ham (os Cong to me enon aint the ct of bn), Deveson ad yo ok eg ns ln) deed ecb Se gon the wae ie day When hey fly nde on sd iovnd, Zur ted Desc wer el rel + Sic When Devan i tats bene nce meres ho ‘nin isto fom snes whch ogi cose row ove ie Soules thy wuch tech, Det ne been en dow ofa bcone women Las Devcon and ya han hl then one fw i ele, the scoor ofa he Gents “iu mythos in plore 72) wee he tin reason fs beg, sinc yas ucts a ie we ‘ikea xp ibs in hi oy in tn ro {nin go many song ofthe Greek rope hi seston cin mi nao at oe srr The et ems th al sna fe on at Shr mh osbow «commen ong, re hile ining. ech fr ‘Shoe, te hoor fig oe day ead Dwraon, ie ‘edad nd cr eo neo md lee” Tow ean eee ofan ef ga? By sing atthe Logon, wich actly ot + bing ba nce nt ‘Sconmentent he ad been end ee wee no mp ro Songer enoug) Therefore maser wat bor (recor): Barn om2 Bom ofthe Bath deh Gurey ls 2 Gresk Ak, being a ches, won ve much to do with mas bird a rt is ea?) ot fom sone which i he ‘eon hing we accept uring ooe begin co deat" Thexe= fer only the generive eee can (commence, with Helles, hero funder oft aus ce. On the ose hand men of one 30 = Imag wor-game ienes fn, peopl, and as, tones on he (Mes stan wndeemined iter me, en, the cre of men: But shen eho havea ancestors Prometics the go-beeween and dhe fis oman, Here the confson of ong tess othe ft eh my Tien an overetermination of cone ingest round, the ones become men. By metaon or by fx~ anon? Accoeling tothe Ltn version ofthe story n Ovid ones Geshe bones of the Eath, the wnivenal Grex Mother, and thas te ‘Each wa nsriated by Bel che same bythe se. Aad once more Je tne dt the ame engender th tame Devon produced andes th Py women: wou vera asin the sepa yt paral es opodaced taco eich fo eat, unalayed OF couse Dexalion ‘El pyeta tad pene bene the geneive cle had cai aly ‘on Bat she Engle mectanians of ie proces seem bane sichiy (ese tae Tis te dat the mother of Py wa ced Pads, (EG ca ner she elaton betwee woman andthe eat int single ‘ne. Encouegd to recogze no otber mother dan the exh De (Boe and Pye spent nite tha the aval of woman was al fOr Shang. Yer the cresnon of Pandora was not pine, even fo de ed eer From now en th exitene of woman is icwete, anda (de end of is sis of fie sans, mes and women come together asd ‘poste, juts Deuron and Pyehs, lio, site to produce descea- “ans Here the tytn en: evereing begins, nothing re 1 “Srcompaning does many Grek qoetons oan, che myth of ‘Deweton is exerpingy fru. Which docs nor mean, however, Ha We loc penning the Gros nth of oni in exe most ofthe Greek poet, Deveson only + e268 and notte St man For each pol al kas aleady beg. cuarren 2 ‘The Benefits of Autochthony For Joachim Fors god ending, one nee god begining. ei impor 0 ‘eg well, erase of course the main thing it consnue well—this is sosyeing) Soc ithe impliot bora power rle tht commit Saxo t ey by eligi sory el, to other, Foner ‘osld low. More thn ny ther communtiy, the city ats of ‘Gene Groce respected his rae, becae they were ou to endow the ‘eves with an exemplay history. There iso iy, howerer mince, ‘at doe not bos a oe having sent a amy tthe Trojan War But ‘more than al the oken, Ahem ited ths aw and Saher pect ‘el or rater comme on i “itis aceary to have begun well” ‘mess hat wha seamed fom generon to generation ome {Bing one ha alae ad “To tho who wish 0 study the sete developed by a group of people fr the idedizaion of thee Yalue waniuted over Gime, a2 ‘dey dough ancient Greer and paral hough Athens sald ‘roe nrutv, I woul! Hee wo nie om chi dywey the reader on ‘ened with the preset, so chat by playing with his dance he o he smighe rr co the present amed with words rom the pst. A Rhetoric of Tansmison. Here, chen, i the Greet of the pole, 2 satered callection of ‘eis, sch anu tlhe toy of erga a wel pose. There ‘were tis a eons which took pre in having been founded or cx- 014 Born ofthe Earth ied by retiring fom a who ws ek fo see the und tb ced Hin. Thon de Peloomne PS fom Poop ie Pampen nd Phomcin Kaos Side Teno fon eye ves ope rte resign of he sy ese FEST eeu socntoooe bro, tom fom th ca le ‘eda ec th en ad Ak ant A= tote tom en ho A, So avn spe Tilman whch he oo POEL te Keine he Powticin wee fond te oy 5th set, ihre Yao waa Tein pe tae Spr (eS). The howe [OSES ear tag on ote, a cacy feng he Tce he wo nc) Tovah ie enantio beeen ae 90 97 seining none onc exc, inte fing aoe ote SSEDPsimay ate pol cic the mer na” me mre Hee, douse of he Rtn Ths x It wis ina te Pep, he iorsn Recs = GE Eiguhe hse “eying io Be sme ple” ing ve elacuceer# aacibortas fom he ot wh econ ‘Sapo et ded popes arena raters rpotns erent priate ee one =o Bat utohthony mus be ead, Exymolgiily onthe fist nce tor horn fom te ol atoctonous he whose aval esblae cy THE ad egimats the lik between the people and thei and. One fa ther azp and the stochthoy ofthe ancestor, amie by tion, orn fini, Lana, Te Cen fA 8 3 ‘The Bene of Astockthony 15, exes all his descends, Historians take wot of thi exension, 2 the same ime employing the word subject to two conditions: When it oocems » people, atochibony chancenas the sic ronip sich, rm the beginning and uniter, takes them tod ind. Thor Aran and Cynara ile suocbthonos bec, Sith to cher anes, they “sayed in the same place” Bat out of Heron sauament a econd criterion emerges, ipl bat pee five which add the wanemision ofthe wo ht of meron. Ks well ‘to ace dhe nd, bt even beter to mana the atocehono = ‘ion, tore wo sng the Gta ind he pee the ine ‘fergie, Heredoun by menoaing firther on int Ge Cons wee ‘aurly“easfomned sto Dorn” dcr rjc the Cyr = techthony whose ate i tthe wry lent, relive by aiatin 0 ‘he Dorn invader. There ein the Acca, who done mere he ti of ution Gn took two ofthe Hiri they ae ale the ay people characterized ash) and the Grek eader needed 0 ar ther detain onder to undertad tat the never-ending stag with ‘pra hd i immenorl foundsGon in the opposition between 2a ‘odhones aed immigaat Doss. Inte disoably mtr and po- Til conics dha evenly pte de Geek pole agin one other, foundation mh wasan mprtnt wepon nd Gom the pin of view ‘ofthe atechtoots mon, the Doria myth of he ear of he Som ‘of Hencles,enblemat of Spa maozal pide, eae the ior) of ‘5 mmigation on inesin.” Tews abo undoubedly spins Spara thatthe exis wicked thei ntochthonows eaon throughout the ith ceomy. Heodous, ‘the ober hand wanted noting do wit his oli war pr ‘eg maar entice, an ini ior ofthe Persian Wat the Ate ‘sans ll ital aie ofthe Doran iy, hae onl the Barbarian 3 ‘enary and ape sutochthony merely #0 apport their csi t0 56 secondia command ofthe Greskcoaliton, which wat ed by Spr ‘Tae they rejected the demand ofthe tyrant of Sac who waked tee” potion: “[We wl acyl command of te lee to the Sy casa. who repeat the ada people of Gece and who alone ttsong the Greeks have not moved "(36 ‘Arcdias, Aden, wo cman to te ele ofthe ale people ‘of Gree: thi one aochihone too msn. It only neal th ‘ook ten ef the Hios Athenians and Aras shoal wae fer the ce-16 Bornofthe Bath ond place of honor bere the bine of Paes. Leasing side hioral Cones, ee rear to les of nga being mil ht ‘Sey. fre Gece com ig mae et an is Tor nothing beter eve he nee of the pee ‘Zones a begining, hetory of he eto mes of Greece: or the seat thre someting Eke» Brown motion around zee two ised om hich re Athens and Areas Lets rev chapter tno of Book, Be the Fry oft Peon War in Thucydides ain is re {rector Herdots the dominant mode of repent for senking eign ws duordeed hidhe-and-ther of people in ech of ind: "What uo eld Greece was not fomntyibsbited with ny ‘ana ter at emigaton fon the exo tmes, and eveyone et {her home ely ander pre fo rcurstance) (0.2) Tn sor be ne ne Thcydes wat convince, inthis cay peiodnexd was he EEE mover of peoples the iaabitans of the best nds shied on ‘uous sod war alee conics, “Thus Tsay and Boot, the (Gunter pa he Ploponsse mins Arcs in geera the mor Esinble nds 1" 2) Turtermore, dre was Athens with autochthony, The ont “rhcpdes asi eager employ 2 word nbd wi the nyhi- Ct reprenution of ind ging bith ro min fr Athens 2 or Arc ‘Gn Merrie, ete dsinultd Bebind the theory of ogi need, {tim tee panes proper aohiony which on i the popsiionwhercn jut He ee Arcadian of Herds, the Ahe- acral by permanent oespaon of theirs: “At any rte At ‘ena Br bck sce gue, oe ack of neal ay aid ‘pnd inhale same" (2). "Aas same" ‘Bosca precoalythe won Pericles employs the beaning of is ie tera ration hea of the Peloponnesian Wat, wher he delves he ‘Rijn cology on Ania azecthony. This snot suprising ‘a Thurpdes who i speaking droogh Pesce, restating (som ‘rting the theo the reese “Orland always he ‘Ete peopl having bved here genetion upon gsteraon, ou ae Mn bended down ow by tet own meri, ee unl 20” (2363), “Once apis na enable dspcement, te end tls the ory of che boing, he comin oception of Athenian ol permanence ‘tah same within the sane, eaances urocbonos cg c¥en Whi apg > prove ie Hire the rader may ae ifthe end ais the be ‘The Bene of Autochthony 17 ‘ein, coainty of nmin ows egicy of roueio, stat lnppem he tpl seer whey i ode conor oe ‘but St ave begun Tote cst oft dau cope ‘i wich ye exe ang pe el ed te pe ‘cling Aen led ome, Aten se hone ‘este (vita nt inulaneoy) seeded se vo reo of he Sttcthonos tg: nthe Sine oson he east ae, Lp eg wit Ge fepanig “The ong of ot exece bed on {pi on acon we ke mot mon cl of eos every ong iy reo cael ode Ye Sci nd er, socom they seq none iat 3 tote an axa) Det fener rvened ad a ‘ne comien th cnn offen cio ov tine ve am ‘eed ht forsee th coe in Got he eben of {ecthny wa he ity o ain al eesy heeding aby ‘Aman vay cooly ecw fom eso eh Sen Bae peg esa hi i he ‘moa neta, oil acne gern bese pen Coedny cine though the cettrion ef secon Ge Sed in pepo rerio of engi, ors pcp, wich cbr nent in ech netic, eto ied he won ay “Ee fe |. whch cons i out cd in he sam fhe eve ew They epee hat “ee Ae posi en nt ieee: he deo mace bth eign he pent en (he paag ie, the ence eva genet techni. Refeing o the sion of abe a wth rey eae ‘cing ew maga pong ov the pli Ke of he ol oe nes ng eo ay" a iW be evel scommcicenen of cre wo css th opts vain ce the cy conned ow ey pe sere sore an bond he vey fs Tew "in he pony eA a evel sta pormene of te tae, ation cook wel tae ben the Attn repo fo 2 gucon wach rs cnaly ‘ahd byte Grek poe, andich teen lhe fo ener the philowpher Artode rpetly formule in book three of is Poe18 Bom ofthe Bath sienna fr acy aves sng eo) oc ny Th eke guenone wich atm a aoe bene f 16 P seem pon bt ame er, sw A Tene te les of eae ace el cy ema he re once cota accom fet and deny.) ‘Rowan pong the ime dept the comin ax of ie WE “Tick coe and? Or sl we tat alboogh the popaton > Tani he ine, he ye? Ls than convinced by the charms fale, he Atheist he Te Reman ofthe problems bot he test of Ato 8 precious TBtace fru in tat tees 2 ain which snd al paso ‘Ferdupmen of astcithony: gers bith bt abo “neat,” SR pean ace” Moving beyond waitons wich mabe 2p Troe nhs hey dating mesnings wich the Gesk werd uni, tre should ake lve ok tgs. \Vasition on the Adhenian “Family With gems, meaphysce kappeas, and witos fer digie dacoune or exchsioncmengs beteat he celeron of rg chy ae rm another howe ever eign ove the ty. except om the week ofthe noble Erehtheds [. J? wrote Earp (he goo) The sock of the Erecei i the geo spay fom tout, dhe sls eid fhe Athcian oi bin bing thw othe women of Abns, Earp tanposc a cose deat eit Comemporaes ino the remote petod of the mma! ling. ray roping he gi ofthe Hreaeie by "de atocthonoes Jeon, or fmous Aer,” nvoked inthe very begining of he sme Peery eu the pao rbtrcin which Athletes {hep thelr honor—comsitued aol and nique gems “hi soechdhonn the chiens of ens were according 0 Pato “all trots nd fom se same mother” A large fly, One onene made vernon of cgay os egy fo the dead by efi wo ef f0 cea Bye” which wa fie aan of ploning the Abe ‘Gan pom ap moreover of const t wih al other Peoples “The Benefix of Autockthony 39 ene amume the tak felting ter poptons which, coming Small ove ae cole ino ig cy and kai nging ech node commany he racers i fh ce (en) a Ssinded neces orth eneogy ofeach, an by aD shen coe spas of Albena, who, om ofthe ome sl fo Tectonic biz neque my {omy mind npr sees of mie (Hype: Pred nai 7) Ainge geo dhen,bt of pre race. A gen commensurate with he pula of show emben equal snr the ably proper arito- ttc to. “According to the need ofthe moment, the dicoune of secon privileges one theme or the other Tha of perce, fr example. Par fying the paste prow of dhe Ser eranon, Pt ite in che [Movetme o wha lowe Athent to be Greek, oppoved t all che ther Gress, who ae of med Hood snd for whom Helles s ‘merely a veneeconceig a barbarian exence: We ves naa aed fhe Bain, becase we py Grek sd witout Bubs aire, We ono ae Pope Kade, TT Tor sy other, Barn by ste, Gres yw, (le br bya hing ‘much for the Ploponaan hero and the founder of Thebes: x0 ich for Peloponnesine snd Thebans. Now the grater en er 1 ‘Athenians ‘We ae Gels wthow alice wit Bri lod, whence he ie ha Gr eign which inl moar sed “The rade who isperpened by sue atone shouldbe sae that is canton sein beligerent ha fice ily snerlKncion, thar of enforcing Akeian nari. Fathennore his tox 3 fa fiche, which Peto slows half fe wein Te falows never ‘Hat scal fener onaons would 198 hive employed findumenaly30 Bors ofthe Bath ice language, and that more than once anton were con= ec rsh Tieton or Peloponnesian “iunigrans""Euspdes bas 2 ‘Feasting anne fr natrnon san Athenian, sy he fe Siney sey Ua he sutocrhooovs and goss people of Aen ae fat gem) which wat not ppsted butter hat T ve landed Sfuctod naka swofld ev, bring boc the son of an Studer and apes Gip-soa). Things il rn ove wel, since the bard ar up bog a pure Erechbeid But dings mig have tured out Sy Rey, becuse dramatic ton snfies words wih 3 diieting ‘scey ‘Goce agin ti cceay forthe sede o gu! gin the l-too- xy senpanion to asimilat, which graf dubtit modem doles Sib etek dacoune. For if Athens pati Hesse ghnfes the essen he appeoinate nation ofthis word ee,” dos not ‘Btow neccamiy that th lorfiaton accompnied 3 pobcy of cia (Greoudnation Coily de astochbory there ands anger the modern car but hisrins of Greece know that he pay of iia ‘Sake specie f thir object il apes. No only was no cw ‘Siete bythe Athenians in be mane of mctshony, but xenopbobi Sie cely » Spann peace, Ide prized in the democracy of TR, hereby al econ strangers were beter rested tan i aby ‘Bhor coin Gre. Ceiny the oppotion of pure gem. here. Se Slloune of excision ban opposition that served to exabl Tazeshpand Grek citorip was tse on exclaon,Keping the Stanger en the maga ofthe iy. A samber of Grek cen ce new degre fishy here swe uv” ees who had acces «he magia, nd those ‘Sho, doomed to abortion, were cizns in name ony. This was Toplecdancton wich gave Aside pac? and which was un- {Gown in Athen, where all izes pnicpatd equa n cul iis ‘hich dcnguched theme He Ron resident oreigaen inetd o- Ely bo not polly. Through atochthony, Athens widened he (Gucvcn Garr berwoen ther sen and at ofthe ts fonly Ate vans guild the ight o hee of ciizers bcos they were ft of th oil gon he Sal aa there were no eens eee Atkenschowhete foregaem wee within the cy, and te ie ‘SPanen lel meaning, Thi souearng cere never ceed tobe ‘The Benes of Astochthony 22 sctvted in Ahenan consciousness by ofl Hho, snd even tag dy comzuted vo this deologialopeaton. Lt ws examine an ort ‘el pesiod lowed by a tage monologe: “They slone weit i hich the were born a ich they ve et other Ince cnet oe ated be eg, father men wo cnet naa ote cy a who are empire tes, compel to noted cle, hey a legate ec fhe tnd (Denes Fm! Ont) We th ey poner a? people at no igen om ‘het: we we shoes Other i made pf dete teat Be Taps hows of he eae pope by a nore fom ever at whore ley olive inner ke puch ina wooden fan es ze name, ot i Earp: Beto, ane in Lois sot Len 10) Adopechithen, ex: eer Greks ar quite unforsnite, Bot once gsi it rp to Pato arodying the ficial retro put things ina len igh, by arcing the Atbnian woed fr eset freien fe everybere ce thee ae only Mens inthe gus fens ‘Tiegod bat ogi thie heed i ie xg four ance, who, tnd eign od mgt deen Mes the coy ow they themes ae ate, wee seochbone rally sd ny fbiing th Ebon na then bys nepmotieeba by be th, he mote (isco 2376) “Through ht pilnopbieal wordplay Pato reves another benoit of spc, ann min ee B ting ec of nv were cllecey able fo amare the nobly that sods «good Ui (gu) With one word, democratic Aliens annexed the vee ‘ofthe aren In the cape the not to-ditant ine athe en fe sth ‘enary when the err Clones hal erpnzeé the democracy ‘Seough fon of peopl,” dough the integason of foreigners and2 Bomofthe Bath ‘Mice nto the ib, was well and rly forgot the ste was Tou wl blnced, and there were 0 fong:cem concerns ove the TRtumey ofthe new cizes Ado orgoten wa the tory ofthe wet ‘eho, tho peed themsivs aa te remember by Heroes on Pretigou og ens, Ache end ofthe is ary, nly Thuy lg popone # heeradox haory of he constion of the Athenian Gown bose he died the enbelishnensofthetois: "Deven out of veces Geek ration by wo intra svey, the wedi ame fo ‘bens nsec of ble ete: hey Beeame citizens nd ft = eel he popeition ofthe cy om ancient times” (1.2.0, tached (Eiheseuuh of thingy Thcyddes hough aboot he Atheian pop Iiton in ter of quay: ucosve cements nected the muber (pty fchizes Oil etre wanted moshing odo with his a= sartpy sad jected gan infor of quality the watchword was the ‘nutoion of Aden with nied gos, of te Aenin pence with sotociony, and, trough atocktbony, of democracy with huts Thi tendency, cberble sever feral ostomy, s reveed {By Pat ge agi) in alt ipo: Cece contd by paloma ee on ad frm of omy eames) ‘So ar nothing but the deperiely epee: But eng thr oc ne teste iegey fete ovenennsyany ad (pedo nce ve de al amber opting eo res ‘Site sy coming he thers mse ‘Somch for Sparta, or Thebes, for olgarchies an anes (and al he tore for thse ties whch, without being Ans, imagine hem ‘ehesta be democae), Hete now is tes We and ound bats torn fhe ame te eve cee Ae mer sues oor ses of chee aber ty of 06 ‘deg etebd by ae el ut ep ey Gs i) bled (nema a863399) “The Bene of Auochony 23 Far on sl he phloopher ly at ising Athens tan rintocacy ofmest. And hte we hive al authense nail ker age a de Inocrcy ci pica egal im Aen reinfrcs she aatrl” ny ofthe os. ‘Of cone ti ashing be fay. Or more pec, the retarie oor ainguistic operon, highly sscenfl no a comtbutes ‘oar democracy. n the Grek word of epi ia which l= icy his power ofthe few—domiasts, a which mentals ae esminerty imbued wit arsocrie ake, the Athenian pine ian ‘replon. An exception verted exter ins dy ar without stage Ind who adress, merous ale an outside Ades, would ew {i Bl with immene plane. Therefie ts necesry to negate, ‘ren idelogcaly in order concite democrac osgaliy ata ‘Gon dae The mp ef ochony seve a form fo se iganton Reference o good chance in ance Gree the Facce [fine arzocae endowed with good charter deriving fom noble bts engeo) Aberin con fore (hile eying the ae tet vei ingots) hat thi democratic reine a istoaly dated conquest Democracy? A my lie (On the Ganor of Autochthony and of Women tn this atzactive wep oa pont remsing obscure The Athenian es cmpoed of brothel fom the sme mother. Where then the place of worn in ths imagined Atheian fy? "To ewe ths qstion Wwe wil begin with» ourey oui ent in eth of he moe wipe Greek ration concern the other sex The exence of women not problematic a Athens alone 50 ineach ofthe ‘mo’ cube” at were he Greek ples, whee the oly laze were male and where worn’ eat, fapdsncat and a the tame cnet nite, was prey repro A progenitor of ale Chien, woman povided her hand wath sos, perpetaig ifr iy and te pot woth sizer, fo 38 ow poses, Without i other, {his woman thre wat no pa, beense there was no warsmision fom ‘he ae e he sie. And yet im the Geek imaginary she was il 23 fet and in an suchoave mit Hod asocted the cexion of he24 Bom ofthe Fart, Sin woe with man's a) covery of is moral condone ty sa seperation om the gods. The fc wom ab moter of hes mankind? Nor exci, ance to tke the txt Ie, she engeodered aly he “ne (gens) of women” Yer puter meaning of mw de ue sender No doubt, except itn the Hesiod poem theres 00 Reon of prof men” snd Grek dition 2 whole prety ‘RSet dhe ane sence it were beter to bandos the ami of ‘Jomo ence ad orl oi wm enone. Naturally was nce Ty dae they beat son tht were ike the fiers sachs the detion of oadoci oder nal eter But tere of my thovebt rec, ‘es with fon of wed dg, perl to impos women ‘Tow awe prepared to eed, petapy even reproduce in coved EIR fui operon of the mascaine iagnary, heating de fa for the inverted atay—varly the ue one—ol 2 reproduction ‘which in thee would ave Bo acd of women Th dis regu the sp of sutocony provied the men of Athens with an sisintie toupinatveslion fx tenn of exign. The fst Tan wa not bor rom the union of he sexes, bat om he dix Jron. The soy is qi od, fire: Hepbsios the erafaran eb eonceved one dy a dese fr the vargin Athens ides of Aeon ‘Bch munagng to este ie puna abe tyes on the gro the it Ukaecl which he wed 0 wie the ges semen of her Ig, Tha = {Gat the anh poduced the infoe xchonis. | wi pas ove tbe ‘hulle plications of thi lo for Ateain views of Bish, merely ‘Pong ot hat the Ean Mother rived enn, i he ack of me, tom the oer ex ands reproductive fnetion* "A single mother, anesie tthe unin of the exes 2 range He ste dt erie ie roc Chane her onthe deena ‘titichhonlos achieve «double gol: the iden at inerchangesbe linens, and the symbolic exon of Athenian mother fom the nodal cy and fiom ofl douse. A singe mothe, serving the ‘hc of the fathers he highest exresin of this selon of ate Sty» found in the Kier orton of Demoubenes (a pra of te (ead of Cerone i 32 Anta irk ad at of he ae ase ca Be bee ck no only ooo er, ue ao calerne foe cg ae of wom they recast he ahthoow ‘The Benefis of Astodbous 35 ‘One ther foreach, and foal callectvely, one moter The prob- lem it thatthe Exch Mother has dsppeare alongwith the word “moth” Abenans were he 108 of hi fund par). The en nie th interne roeted ie ae, and patemiy controled the spies om al sider One mig objec that he eaiy of oie Prac tice would ave proigoed Aberin spi uch patel exces fos the ie of Pei one iw defined he zen a Use 00 of P= fst who over Both Adheian “zen” Yee wa ey €0 NOM lite thi eon in vor of urine decent: the wee a6 ale ‘Suen aly Athenian women who were daghles and wits of ete en To rove women fom the dicoune, the oil oe ofthe pul reed lite imapiaton Indeed reproduction ofthe Athenian esd at all ous to be accomplished inte domain ofthe same etka we ae now equipped t© undentnd slat amr of the wor “atocthons” th tie Come, ot eat sggeed by ered In he Lisa, which seta the mide ofthe Peloponnesian Wa, ‘Ainopancs has the women of Athens and Sparta sor eo eke ction, ‘woldng sexual iors i rdf force het bane, Athenian and Sputan to make peace The question x why the Athenian repre ret athe ead ofthe play ae grotd in the name of sorter ‘ea thy sin reat ate ro negorite: “Tee oo satocbopen sho sing Like wrest thee coat are ped over tei omach. het ‘ler apparent ‘ahese? (ro8 1085), (Ofc all Athenians ae suochhoncs moreover, these particular ‘ones te mane bythe poe ut aly does Arstophanesexly “lsat Aestane with the ently le of atacaones, ad esa Ison ie fom egie,snce, dept a hee elo, the Athenian represses cam huey conceal he Sct that, ke thei “ser” He- sion, they ar ery othe mos mperive of eens. Thi pr (inl the force of the comedy acting the otenrtious ity a ‘woot inal the dcounes on aueochhony tough the dancing eee lngiter.“Autodhtione” appeam on another oceaon in Arsto- hanes, charged wit the mie ional vile cooraton, sx atage {nthe Hage whic iumines the meaning ofthe comely Reed on lic fi, the od men of Athens lly indulge i he procera tines which conte te sv fice af judge; thet peeishnes nd sly cam them he chancerzton of wasps Whe dhe wa26 Bom ofthe Bate low, suddenly waning ye, sing ofthe stent tht hs ef hem, {hey doe the tf ooe a you spect, sng mek this tose me ded wp ad wooo what xt "nge” iin, Il aly info ‘boven he be el ow We ce we ho wer it 3 only on orc he ony en of Ares who ely of ee fread uence eve ee was os end ‘hc nay good fies bee whe he atari ae (corte feds bay necery to conchae, ike the old men, sat “aon i more wire dan am Ati wap ei evident that Atheist spectator fad long undentood this senatomed they were pra ofthe Ate Sho pale which asocted stohehony with audi, signing Comage well il, Conduting this vorage though the tetorc of autohtiony on pot flair [woul ket sages that nog the avantge of tocithoay fr Aden, anon-negigsblecompoarot wa no doubt the sure ofthe dscouse, male by an aca se of is ple. "This moc to deny the primary benefits of auetony. To celebrate he Athi i ad he tin fhe fom 2utochboneu ‘ng own othe prea an peer, ensure at there will en sects gunrance of try fhe pois agua thew of the fine of min. The Gres knew too wl tat ll reproduction has i umerar in death Cloijing the umacuste puri ofthe get ‘is eumerow gai th tes of hepsi] imagmary: the foands- on of democracy within org, dhe ete of partcising in. pls ‘which of al pon conf mot othe able Gres motel the ox Ulsion of al ae —that of the tanger, held in check athe het of “tice ples sll by de power speech, and tha of women abo hit (blematc hl of humanity edi aid he czeny beens hes rt reprodoc. "Thr th Aen cen Sins inl loos, conenpling is iy forthe ke of reamarance, sa econ lupe in he ganado the ther Because oven wl be sh i abtoctiony he alo Knows (hoses very Atbenin erence pint i the dscoune en thers ‘The Beuelis of Astocthoay 27 Avery Grek nyo als rng egy nse do- si be tag = eon dart ert Sona ope pp ly spare soe Ae ‘em mrimd ec tng ts ep ‘ations; they did not go to war in the name of their genes) a Tonge Xo ppl poston iin oe he see sooty ae hw take de Couns, nancy, yond a ee, owe a core uh,cuarren 3 ‘The Politics of Myth in Athens Let usmagoe ha pias een founded a group of items cebiated on in tert! What dhe wie legals os gent ‘ERE Dating the nw suc? Ihe flows Pao, he wil begin ebe- shes he wil ect myths {be witpesade dhe cn) at atl et ay were ed sad fae inthe bomen of the eth eases, fir weg ad ah hp th ar they were cel the ea, it ate, WE She ans as aw thy mare thee ty nai 9 hei oer heir nae, nd ee ack nd consider tthe ie ens at boen fom e th eters. (atte pub) “To cem me wing ie onc oft pp Cat "yn A ima Stace pel the sine opin en he ound plc eer Tae ate Lee trio oft We mar Cate ee al in ama opm a eet oat ef aie omc Ged) ae comune ofthe my oy wee Ba ‘SU.} ots ht ny yet oe ne b e e ae ee Ts pa tary me ey sy "Ping eve ofthe fiction ofthe fn nvenioe andthe problem of she ple iy let etn othe "el" eal polis with dhe to By ‘The Poles of Myth in Athens 29 ses and poial ie. Mich i ald het a wll: nce sory en (waved in ivi i, eepeued daly and inthe mow sbsrate dection, {ling leo rg or grounding the peer of the pole tht ml ‘form preence the we wil ny # mae within the poi «pesos, ‘foc privleged, cumple of te Grek poles of mh ‘A city, thn: Athens. A terior (bi), and men fade). A he center ofthe Hi, te urn suc, the phys lane of ce pncrated by shee sommis: the Acropain he Agora, the Ker Smsker—the hl of power and dhe aero, she plc se, the m= ‘onal cemecry. A commusiy of cians wiht wives (who at tied tothe mame of Aheians [Ata but nota fern), ad fo categories of monies, Mec an Save inte cic ie anda dynamic foreign policy dominated by an pein earch fo power, even mae than by «desi to expand ln Athens ain the other poles, the myth were concemed with oi tn hich wat neces loins the legendary cjle of atonal be ‘och uoolled ene f explo or oar in which iene a9 rcgrig of tes callie ener. "Two myth eo art with ‘The Conffonation of Athena and Poseidon, and the Myth of Exichthonioe| Fi, the quameling ofthe godt and is equ! A dvi of he pol, Athena rled over Athens fom the hoping he temple od ‘on the Acropels. From th Begining, more preity fn whe the ‘Ahern decided i or of Athena over Psion This took plc in ‘he dan period of he partoning of the dna mong the amoral ‘each gos expected to zee hie or er sare of moral hon and he ies of mea were fexelydapited In Atkene. theo, Poigon ad ‘Atena contont cach ober, The fst to amie in Ac, Powigon ‘aed ee Ekle) to pring up fom a hollow in the Acopo- i while Athena cused an oe ue shoot up or the seed rok Aju cout, eased by Ze oe conitted—aeady?—by A san, aed onthe dispute, Kelaop the st King balan, bale en, aeady man bur sl Unked othe monstrous eres of po30 Bor ofthe Bath mow Eat, wot wits (coming ta cen venoms, the sal ‘ator, Hic rected, Pcdon wa beaten in Athens tn Troezen, were Athen ripe, ad i Azgos of Delph wha he had (0 Slt Here and Apoll, Ths ben fr the Athen esate he ea of cision, And if at Atheas a scwhee, civiton and thea Caine power ofthe ander were sronymons, Abenian yt ste ths equivalence the ne, To choote Aten wart chose 2 Ware tiles avinginwihouta moter, bor of her who was bo the all ower her of god and men: Athen whove “est was lf De, hee in mariage” and who a the el of Oren, murderer of is mother Cems, pronounced heal” unecredy in Ever ofthe Tigh of te fier’ Wisi or jude, Kelzos war sho he inventor of | ‘monogamous mars be ended he dordered promiscuity ofthe sexs by insng panel decent. Finally one vant of the myth bed the rior of Athens on he ple ecaion of women: of a= ing roe te anger of Poseidon by voting fr the dauphee of Zeus ‘wile the men voted or dhe god, who war Daten 8 ue by 2 Se ‘oice—ce wonten outnumbered te men by onc—women were di pone fra time fn ay ower the pol The ey of men was ‘Bons the fie ely bon ancevor of te Atenas could ae “The myth of Exchthonor tl he ory of th Bt and ber the ‘iy into he ine omen Excthonie ws bom om Alsi feral- {aed by Hepbaitos’ deste for Athens his mame was lowed by ancient -nythegaphes a Khim, ton ofthe Esch and the product of the ‘ice of wool (on) with oeich the desing via wiped the goes enc off rl, skos be wa dingy the prodct ofthe amorous tara ek) of the two vine, But this suochoe fest and fovtot inked to Athens, nd a him sepe al he connections be- woe the pols and guaran. Aeady in the Had (2546-551) the toler were vided between Athens and the feized ext (2s ‘0c, cildberng ke and to Athena the eae of ing the hil here named echteay—owhom she made her protégé ("hea [tens dour of Zeus, celal Bana Ads ner ch anc sy) Inthe fh century, Adnan poten represented Gé banding toner the aewhoms 9 Ahen fr et to ae—an Bet fr er tO 2~ {owiedge? in uth Enchthnioe descend cn Albeo ony de send rom a vigil opposed to cdbeaing ugh the me lain of the ch, When be becomes king, Eschihonios e755 ‘The Pols of Myth in Atbews 31 engin he owes to his proteus nsitung the Panatenaes and hereby aociting the mame of the goles Wit at af er peopl fx ever Accordingto Herodons 7.4) es dang the reign of Frecheas the the inhabit of Anca took he mae of Aan. Th the = tockthonoar King iuagurt for Atheat the haan er of mye He tory. Thro hs bit, he Blogs ro the xg age of Keo on the ves 2 man serpene eguemly ait the “ih” ofthe mic Toor dul, and Ketropr digiten, Aaron, Pandosce, and Hen, ‘were by che wl of Adhena made the human mane of rchhonin ‘weighty tak which they dichaged bd and which ede thei deat ‘Then of Enckthonios,orrthc of rch, nce the tation 2 peas to rave this mane fr th old Ling conc Atheas and ‘en's al At the pie of two Bein ode to save he cy deat ‘ened bythe expedition of the Thracian Eumolpos son of Poveidon, “Ereetheus ao serie his own daughter before Being wowed Up by the ground, struck by the god's widen his duh however, sce ses him with the gd in perptuiry,and om now one i wonhpped ler the mane of Poikon-Frecthes, From mage 4 new die protect forthe poss bom. With Enchthonios or with Frets {hetero nt they ae din guised) begins the longline of Aen ings tf example onthe Retin ras which in dione the tl wimeses of Fichtbnia’ bith, Kelzops and Hephutos, depics rechthes the au king an Acgeas, the fer of Theseus, "The “Lie” of a Hero: Theseus “The nary of Thos hat the ngrins of erie a. From hidhood coming of ge, Eom fret dtr, the ie of Theseus $3 long vere of eps “ondeming all the veer and ange of human scson "The bringing of ciizason, dng wth monte he trocedig ofthe hun codon: Thence ade llc eee of Irie exploit his own" Son of Angra, of of Poseidon according to ‘other veions, and Acta, daughter ofthe hing of Teocten, Theses (gov up i the howe of is mise ander, skal showing ‘mero sof heroum. Ar iatee, the age ofthe ephebe, he id the tock unde whic Aeges al iden a sword and put of seal, and ‘med with dese tokens of eogaiion depute oe Ateas by the most52 Bor ofthe Hanh dangerous roe, Th wis dhe Siang of Yong ination through ‘whic he won the sto of legate nm of gens on the way he puiged the earth of eis of monte ike che sow of Krommyon) and ‘edoubable began sch Sins, Keeyoa, and Prokrses (Proc) Recopnized by Acgiar, be bad sal wo deswoy the ermble bull of Marston prove mca worthy oa ofthe king andr comgucr he tw ofthe ity Pande, comin, who dsped Aspe?’ powcr Bor ding wit ro ithe mack of hei destiny: Theseus embats ined fr Crete im order o anguish the Minot, who ped Cay devoted seven young men and sven young women sent by ‘Ath The et well now: is vanqushing of the monte and the Tabi thanks wo Arise, whom he abandons on Nexow and hs ‘etn to ate the white ala» ig of victory, whch cases Arges ‘Gent pon bis eum. He raow Ling of Aes A pling, he em broke on syoccom Grom aims, cabin), which broght - ether the sated inhabit of Ace ino one yA ware Kg. be ‘ecingued his te expcdtion sgaine Thebes che wa a the Amazons The age of wtnood wt for is abo 28 age of exces tt less of the monareion of the foie: with hs companion Pi thous he tole Helen, duper of Zeus, and decended tothe Under ‘vod to wie Penson: the fi went our and ced he beso 2 Tong epi among the dead, wating fr Heres Yo descent in his torn fo rec him. Theeu do erence eae, and ilent death on ‘Shyro Such wa the eer ofthe mow elebsted ef Athenian heroes, ‘the ony ene gies complete "Lig" anda complex characte, the on ‘ove no completely ube nthe neh his ith ot his Seah. “Two my one etic legend A gars selection procedure wat rece to bolt their ma fares yeahs thee les were cho ten out ofthe ch Athenian tion, was bees them the Ae ‘San pol rad (or ita?) ck of ble” These ate important, ven ‘replays, whose potion and lence within thei ofthe pols ‘we wil yt lacie ‘Social Functions of Myth: Athenian Autochihony {A dacoume on the og and oxprincon of the uma kos, nytt the ory, forthe pis and in the name ofthe pol, ofthe = ‘The Pls of Myth in Athens 33 eat of cur. In erery Athenian ousted the reprocntiion of [Athens which war convenient crete or batow on ates thi of pola "beloved ofthe gos" (epi) and doubly and foundational fnckored in the dct lnk 16 the divine atened to by the ial of ‘Adena aed Posen a well by the cesarean of Erichthonsr ‘ids “has of te Blew god, ied lm anced and neon lan, the Freche were ever pesperons The mythical origins of masculine democracy, th legendary war api the Ararons who trou be mew and ended af danse in des, eted the eve rer ofthe asin oppostion to women, the pasive “al?” of the ‘ol The Arazon sory ls even doubly exemplary, fea tel of| the victory of ciation over baba, ofthe pi ove the fei: !n he Siw pl (he Psned Foro), where izes could coten- hte the noble deed of Athens pained onthe walls gen idles wp 0 Ihitory, and “on the mile wall one sw the Athenians and These Feng the Amazons then te Grek er they bad taken am [ [band the end ofthe ben, tone who Rupes Marton ™ (Celebrate in word and image, refed to in public specs, repre- send on te gi ge equenly sated on vases oF eomple ps men, te myth isin eos ange of being wor ot trough rhetor— ‘ealcommonplace and conventions sene e podweny, enforced in srgedy comes ape when pence the prose bio of pis oF ‘ven poten chest ile one fs equenceralvay the ae ne. Bot unin bing, in polit terms + pecan mediation be- (ween Aten and Ans ‘One example wil sfice to lst the numerous ancons and skip level ofc experience seed hy the myth tht of the ‘aa sutociahony. Oficial eon belo she ace orhodony coo- cemng the it of Eelehonto, andthe istry fds peti este wa an otal pat of the Kw figs (acted dacoune) of ‘Athena, which occupied wh an ingore poson in the syaic atcha he Panatenaea* Tragedy did nr choose erveen the son of the gods andthe autochoae, bora ons the sail ofthe then, in the presentation of Frictions, and when the tgatians etended the mime of Erect the whole cvs Body, they made Athenians ‘oh vine ofipring and acachnoncs. But thetoric wear one tp f= ther, and, a i the sory of Frchthonios wat too well Known fo be evoked yer again, public rata, for example those who dered fi- ‘eral rations (papi lg fo the hry of etiens allen in tte,