Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GeneralAssembly
Distr.GENERAL
21December1990
ORIGINAL:
ENGLISH
A/RES/45/188
71stplenarymeeting
21December1990
Entrepreneurship
TheGeneralAssembly,
RecallingitsresolutionS18/3of1May1990,theannextowhich
containstheDeclarationonInternationalEconomicCooperation,inparticular
theRevitalizationofEconomicGrowthandDevelopmentoftheDeveloping
Countries,bearinginmindtheInternationalDevelopmentStrategyforthe
FourthUnitedNationsDevelopmentDecade,andtakingnoteoftheProgrammeof
ActionfortheLeastDevelopedCountriesforthe1990s,adoptedbytheSecond
UnitedNationsConferenceontheLeastDevelopedCountries,
Recallingalsoitsresolution41/182of8December1986andEconomicand
SocialCouncilresolution1988/74of29July1988,andtakingnoteofthe
reportoftheSecretaryGeneralonnationalentrepreneursineconomic
development,
Recognizingthatthereisnouniversalprescriptionforsuccessful
development,thateachcountryisresponsibleforitsowneconomicpoliciesin
accordancewithitsspecificsituationandconditionsandthatthepromotion
ofgrowthanddevelopmentdependsonappropriatedomesticeconomicpolicies
thattakeintoaccountspecificnationalcircumstancesandrequirements,
Acknowledgingtheimportanceofeffective,efficientandaccountable
governanceinallcountriesforsettingandimplementingnationalgoalsinthe
economicandsocialspheres,
Acknowledgingalsotheneedforaneffectiveandefficientpublicsector
in,interalia,establishingorimprovingconditionsfavourabletoprivate
initiative,includingsoundinfrastructure,appropriatepoliciesforthe
developmentofhumanresources,includingtheexpertiseandcapabilitiesof
thebusinesscommunity,basichealthcareandtheprotectionofvulnerable
groupswithinsociety,whereappropriate,withthesupportofthe
internationalcommunity,
Recognizingtheresponsibilityoftheinternationalcommunity,in
particularthedevelopedcountries,topromoteandendeavourtoprovidean
equitableandopeninternationaleconomicenvironmentsupportiveofthe
developmentofdevelopingcountries,
Reaffirmingthatflexibility,creativity,innovation,politicaland
economicopenness,respectforhumanrightsandmarketorientedapproaches,
interalia,provideopportunitiestopeopletoenablethemtodeveloptheir
potentialinrespondingtochange,
Acknowledgingtheimportantroleofentrepreneurship,notablyinsmall
andmediumsizedenterprises,inmobilizingresourcesandinpromoting
economicgrowthandsocioeconomicdevelopment,
Callingforinternationalsupportforspecificprogrammesforprivate
enterprisedevelopmentintheleastdevelopedcountries,whichshouldaddress,
interalia,thepromotionofdomesticandforeigndirectinvestment,
managementtraining,promotionofsmallscaleventuresandmicroenterprises
andthedevelopmentofentrepreneurialskills,inaccordancewithrelevant
provisionsoftheProgrammeofActionfortheLeastDevelopedCountriesfor
the1990s,
Cognizantoftheimportanceofentrepreneurshipinthegrowthand
developmentofcountriesespeciallythoseseekingtodeveloporrevitalize
theireconomiesthroughfreeenterprise,decentralizeddecisionmaking,
deregulation,demonopolizationofeconomicactivities,simplificationof
administrativeprocedures,marketopportunities,structuraladjustmentand
marketorientedreformandoftheneedtoprovidetheincentives,accessto
informationandnewtechnologyandenvironmentnecessarytoenablethespirit
ofentrepreneurshipandcompetitiontoprosper,
Notingthathigherdomesticsavingsandinflowsofcapital,includingnew
investmentandthereturnofflightcapital,depend,interalia,uponsound
microandmacroeconomicpoliciessupportiveofenterpreneurship,
Recognizingthatpublicenterprises,inappropriateconditions,canhelp
promoteandcanengageinthedevelopmentofentrepreneurship,
WelcomingthecontributionwhichtheUnitedNationssystemmakesin
helpingMemberStatespromoteentrepreneurship,includingforeigndirect
investment,andencouragingtheactiveparticipationofprivateenterprise,
whereappropriate,
1.Encouragesthedevelopmentofentrepreneurshipinallcountries,
includingthoseseekingtodeveloporrevitalizetheireconomiesthroughfree
enterpriseandmarketopportunities,andurgestheinternationalcommunity,in
particulartheinternationalfinancialinstitutionsandtheUnitedNations
system,tosupporttheirefforts,asappropriate;
2.Agreesthatentrepreneurship,especiallyinthecontextofafair,
competitiveeconomy,supportivegovernmentpoliciesandanequitableandopen
internationaleconomicenvironment,contributestoamoreefficientworld
economyandenhancestheinternationalizationoftradingmarketsandfinancial
flowstothebenefitofall;
3.EncouragesMemberStates,inaccordancewiththeirnationalpolicy
objectives,toenhancetheirinstitutional,legalandregulatoryframeworksto
ensuregreaterconsistencywithmarketapproaches,tomaketheircapitaland
creditmarketsmoreefficient,tofostertheexpertiseandcapabilitiesofthe
businesscommunityandtoprovide,interalia,forsoundprivatesector
developmentanditspositivebenefitsforemploymentopportunitiesand
nationalwealth;
4.CallsuponMemberStatestofacilitate,consistentwiththeir
nationallaws,thedevelopmentofcooperationbetweendomesticandforeign
enterprises,particularlythroughcontracting,businesscooperationandjoint
ventures,which,interalia,willfacilitatemarketaccessandthetransferof
technology;
5.Looksforwardtotheoutcomeoffurtherdeliberationsofthe
DevelopmentCommitteeoftheWorldBankandtheInternationalMonetaryFund,
theInterimCommitteeoftheInternationalMonetaryFundandtheregional
developmentbanksontheissueofstrengtheningmeasuresacrosstheentire
rangeofoperationsoftheWorldBankGrouptopromoteentrepreneurship,
includingthemobilizationofdomesticandforeignprivatecapital;
6.RequeststheSecretaryGeneraltoincorporateinsubsequentissues
oftheWorldEconomicSurveyachapterregardingtheroleofentrepreneurship
asakeyelementofgrowthanddevelopmentandonmeasuresbeingtakenatthe
nationalandinternationallevelstopromoteentrepreneurship,especiallyin
countriesseekingtodeveloporrevitalizetheireconomiesthroughfree
enterprise,decentralizeddecisionmaking,marketopportunities,structural
adjustmentandmarketorientedreform,aswellassuggestionsonhowthe
internationaleconomiccommunitycansupportthedevelopmentof
entrepreneurshipinnationaleconomies;
7.RequeststheDirectorGeneralforDevelopmentandInternational
EconomicCooperationtoincludeinhisannualreportonoperational
activitiesfordevelopment,submittedtotheGeneralAssemblythroughthe
EconomicandSocialCouncil,asectionontheactivitiesbeingundertakenby
theUnitedNationssystemtopromoteentrepreneurshipineconomicdevelopment,
notablyinsmallandmediumsizedenterprises,aswellasproposalsfor
enhancingtheroleofentrepreneurshipinthedevelopmentprocess,in
particularindevelopingcountries;
8.Decidestoincludeintheprovisionalagendaofitsfortysixth
sessionasubitementitled"Entrepreneurship"undertheagendaitementitled
"Developmentandinternationaleconomiccooperation"andtoincludethe
subiteminsubsequentagendasonabiennialbasis.