Chapter 2 Solutions PDF

CHAPTER 2
Derivatives
Review of Prerequisite Skills, 21
b. slope 5
2 12
pp. 6263
52
1. a. a5 3 a3 5 a513 21
5 a8 c. slope 5 5
b. A22a2 B 3 5 (22)3 Aa2 B 3
3
5 28Aa233 B
3
52
5
5 28a6
21
4p 3 6p9
7
24p719 d. slope 5
c. 5 21
12p15 12p15
51
5 2p16215
24 2 (22)
5 2p 4. a. This line has slope m 5
d. Aa b B Aa b B 5 Aa426 B Ab2522 B
4 25 26 22 23 2 9
5 a22b27 22
5
1 212
5 2 7 1
ab 5
e. A3e6 B A2e3 B 4 5 (3)Ae6 B A24 B Ae3 B 4 6
5 (3)A24 BAe6 B Ae334 B
The equation of the desired line is therefore
y 1 4 5 16 (x 1 3) or x 2 6y 2 21 5 0.
5 (3)(16)Ae6112 B b. The equation 3x 2 2y 5 5 can be rewritten as
5 48e18 2y 5 3x 2 5 or y 5 32x 2 52, which has slope 32.
A3a B C2a (2b)3 D
24 3
(3)(2)A21B 3 Aa2413 B Ab3 B
f. 5 The equation of the desired line is therefore
12a5b2 12a5b2 y 1 5 5 32 (x 1 2) or 3x 2 2y 2 4 5 0.
26Aa 2125
B Ab322 B c. The line perpendicular to y 5 34 x 2 6 will have
5
12 21
21Aa B AbB
26 slope m 5 3 5 2 43. The equation of the desired line
5 4
2 is therefore y 1 3 5 2 43 (x 2 4) or 4x 1 3y 2 7 5 0.
b 5. a. (x 2 3y)(2x 1 y) 5 2x2 1 xy 2 6xy 2 3y2
52 6
2a 5 2x2 2 5xy 2 3y2
2. a. Ax2 B Ax3 B 5 x2 1 3
1 2 1 2
2
b. (x 2 2)(x 2 3x 1 4)
5 x6
7
5 x3 2 3x2 1 4x 2 2x2 1 6x 2 8
b. A8x6 B 3 5 83x63 3 5 x3 2 5x2 1 10x 2 8
2 2 2
5 4x4 c. (6x 2 3)(2x 1 7) 5 12x2 1 42x 2 6x 2 21

"a "
1 1
5 12x2 1 36x 2 21
3
a ( a2)( a3)
5 d. 2(x 1 y) 2 5(3x 2 8y) 5 2x 1 2y 2 15x 1 40y
"a
c. 1
a2 5 213x 1 42y
1
5 a3 2
e. (2x 2 3y) 1 (5x 1 y) 2
3. A perpendicular line will have a slope that is the 5 4x2 2 12xy 1 9y2 1 25x2 1 10xy 1 y2
negative reciprocal of the slope of the given line: 5 29x2 2 2xy 1 10y2
21 f. 3x(2x 2 y)2 2 x(5x 2 y)(5x 1 y)
a. slope 5 2
5 3x(4x2 2 4xy 1 y2 ) 2 x(25x2 2 y2 )
3 5 12x3 2 12x2y 1 3xy2 2 25x3 1 xy2
3 5 213x3 2 12x2y 1 4xy2
52
2
Calculus and Vectors Solutions Manual 2-1
3x(x 1 2) 5x3 15x4 (x 1 2) b. x2 1 4x 2 32 5 x2 1 8x 2 4x 2 32
6. a. 3 5
x2 2x(x 1 2) 2x3 (x 1 2) 5 x(x 1 8) 2 4(x 1 8)
15 5 (x 2 4)(x 1 8)
5 x423 c. 3a2 2 4a 2 7 5 3a2 2 7a 1 3a 2 7
2
15 5 a(3a 2 7) 1 1(3a 2 7)
5 x 5 (a 1 1)(3a 2 7)
2
d. x4 2 1 5 (x2 1 1)(x2 2 1)
x 2 0, 22
5 (x2 1 1)(x 1 1)(x 2 1)
y (y 2 5)2
b. 3 e. x 2 y 5 (x 2 y)(x2 1 xy 1 y2 )
3 3
(y 1 2)(y 2 5) 4y3
f. r4 2 5r 2 1 4 5 r4 2 4r 2 2 r 2 1 4
y(y 2 5)(y 2 5)
5 3 5 r 2 (r 2 2 4) 2 1(r 2 2 4)
4y (y 1 2)(y 2 5) 5 (r2 2 1)(r2 2 4)
y25 5 (r 1 1)(r 2 1)(r 1 2)(r 2 2)
5 2
4y (y 1 2) 8. a. Letting f(a) 5 a3 2 b3, f(b) 5 b3 2 b3
y 2 22, 0, 5 50
4 9 4 2(h 1 k) So b is a root of f (a), and so by the factor theorem,
c. 4 5 3
h 1 k 2(h 1 k) h1k 9 a 2 b is a factor of a3 2 b3. Polynomial long
8(h 1 k) division provides the other factor:
5
9(h 1 k) a2 1 ab 1 b2
8 a 2 bq a3 1 0a2 1 0a 2 b3
5
9 a3 2 a2b
h 2 2k
a2b 1 0a 2 b3
(x 1 y)(x 2 y) (x 1 y)3
d. 4 a2b 2 ab2
5(x 2 y) 10
ab2 2 b3
(x 1 y)(x 2 y) 10
5 3 ab2 2 b3
5(x 2 y) (x 1 y)3
0
10(x 1 y)(x 2 y)
5
5(x 2 y)(x 1 y)3 So a3 2 b3 5 (a 2 b)(a2 1 ab 1 b2 ).
2 b. Using long division or recognizing a pattern from
5 the work in part a.:
(x 1 y)2
x 2 2y, 1y a5 2 b5 5 (a 2 b)(a4 1 a3b 1 a2b2 1 ab3 1 b4 ).
x27 5x (x 2 7)(x 2 1) (5x)(2x) c. Using long division or recognizing a pattern from
e. 1 5 1 the work in part a.: a7 2 b7
2x x21 2x(x 2 1) 2x(x 2 1)
x2 2 7x 2 x 1 7 1 10x2 5 (a 2 b)(a6 1 a5b 1 a4b2 1 a3b3
5 1 a2b4 1 ab5 1 b6 ).
2x(x 2 1)
11x2 2 8x 1 7 d. Using the pattern from the previous parts:
5 an 2 bn 5 (a 2 b)(an21 1 an22b 1 an23b2 1 c
2x(x 2 1)
1 a2bn23 1 abn22 1 bn21 ).
x 2 0, 1
9. a. f(2) 5 22(24 ) 1 3(22 ) 1 7 2 2(2)
x11 x12
f. 2 5 232 1 12 1 7 2 4
x22 x13 5 217
(x 1 1)(x 1 3) (x 1 2)(x 2 2) b. f(21) 5 22(21)4 1 3(21)2 1 7 2 2(21)
5 2
(x 2 2)(x 1 3) (x 1 3)(x 2 2) 5 22 1 3 1 7 1 2
x2 1 x 1 3x 1 3 2 x2 1 4 5 10
5
(x 1 3)(x 2 2)
c. f a b 5 22a b 1 3a b 1 7 2 2a b
1 1 4 1 2 1
4x 1 7 2 2 2 2
5
(x 1 3)(x 2 2) 1 3
x 2 23, 2 52 1 1721
8 4
7. a. 4k2 2 9 5 (2k 1 3)(2k 2 3) 53
5
8
2-2 Chapter 2: Derivatives
3h2 1 10h
d. f(20.25) 5 f a2 b
1
5
4 h
5 3h 1 10
5 2a2 b 1 3a2 b 1 7 2 2a2 b
1 4 1 2 1
4 4 4 This expression can be used to determine the slope of
1 3 1 the secant line between (2, 8) and (2 1 h, f(2 1 h)).
52 1 171 b. For h 5 0.01: 3(0.01) 1 10 5 10.03
128 16 2
983 c. The value in part b. represents the slope of the
5 secant line through (2, 8) and (2.01, 8.1003).
128
8 7.68
3 3 !2 2.1 The Derivative Function, pp. 7375
!2 ( !2)( !2)
10. a. 5
1. A function is not differentiable at a point where its
3 !2 graph has a cusp, a discontinuity, or a vertical tangent:
5
2 a. The graph has a cusp at x 5 22, so f is
4 2 !2 (4 2 !2)( !3) differentiable on 5xPR Z x 2 226.
!3 ( !3)(!3)
b. 5 b. The graph is discontinuous at x 5 2, so f is
differentiable on 5xPR Z x 2 26.
4!3 2 !6
5 c. The graph has no cusps, discontinuities, or
vertical tangents, so f is differentiable on 5xPR6.
3
2 1 3 !2 (2 1 3 !2)(3 1 4 !2)
d. The graph has a cusp at x 5 1, so f is
3 2 4 !2 (3 2 4 !2)(3 1 4 !2)
c. 5
6 1 9!2 1 8!2 1 12(2) e. The graph has no cusps, discontinuities, or
32 2 A4 !2B 2 vertical tangents, so f is differentiable on 5xPR6.
5
30 1 17 !2 f. The function does not exist for x , 2, but has

5 no cusps, discontinuities, or vertical tangents
9 2 16(2)
elsewhere, so f is differentiable on 5xPR Z x . 26.
30 1 17!2
52 2. The derivative of a function represents the slope of
23
(3!2 2 4 !3)(3 !2 2 4 !3)
the tangent line at a given value of the independent
3!2 2 4!3 variable or the instantaneous rate of change of the
5
(3 !2 1 4 !3)(3"2 2 4 !3)
d.
3!2 1 4!3 function at a given value of the independent variable.
(3!2)2 2 24!6 1 (4 !3)2 3.
5
(3!2)2 2 (4!3)2 y y
4 4
9(2) 2 24!6 1 16(3)
5 2 2
9(2) 2 16(3) x x
66 2 24 !6 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
52 2 2
30 4 4
11 2 4 !6
52
5 4. a. f(x) 5 5x 2 2
11. a. f(x) 5 3x2 2 2x f(a 1 h) 5 5(a 1 h) 2 2
When a 5 2, 5 5a 1 5h 2 2
f(a 1 h) 2 f(a) f(2 1 h) 2 f(2) f(a 1 h) 2 f(a) 5 5a 1 5h 2 2 2 (5a 2 2)
5
h h 5 5h
3(2 1 h) 2 2(2 1 h) 2 C3(2)2 2 2(2)D
2
b. f(x) 5 x2 1 3x 2 1
5 f(a 1 h) 5 (a 1 h)2 1 3(a 1 h) 2 1
h
3(4 1 4h 1 h2 ) 2 4 2 2h 2 8 5 a2 1 2ah 1 h2 1 3a
5 1 3h 2 1
h
12 1 12h 1 3h2 2 2h 2 12 f(a 1 h) 2 f(a) 5 a2 1 2ah 1 h2 1 3a 1 3h
5 2 1 2 (a2 1 3a 2 1)
h
5 2ah 1 h2 1 3h

c. f(x) 5 x3 2 4x 1 1 f(0 1 h) 2 f(0)
c. f r (0) 5 lim
f(a 1 h) 5 (a 1 h)3 2 4(a 1 h) 1 1 hS0 h
5 a3 1 3a2h 1 3ah2 1 h3 !h 1 1 2 !0 1 1
2 4a 2 4h 1 1 5 lim
hS0 h
!h 1 1 2 1
f(a 1 h) 2 f(a) 5 a3 1 3a2h 1 3ah2 1 h3 2 4a
2 4h 1 1 2 (a3 2 4a 1 1) 5 lim
5 3a2h 1 3ah2 1 h3 2 4h hS0 h
d. f(x) 5 x2 1 x 2 6 ( ! h 1 1 2 1)( ! h 1 1 1 1)
5 lim
f(a 1 h) 5 (a 1 h)2 1 (a 1 h) 2 6 hS0 h( ! h 1 1 1 1)
5 a2 1 2ah 1 h2 1 a 1 h 2 6
f(a 1 h) 2 f(a) 5 a2 1 2ah 1 h2 1 a 1 h 2 6
( "h 1 1) 2 2 1
5 lim
hS0 h( !h 1 1 1 1)
2 (a2 1 a 2 6)
5 2ah 1 h2 1 h h1121
hS0 h( !h 1 1 1 1)
5 lim
e. f(x) 5 27x 1 4
f(a 1 h) 5 27(a 1 h) 1 4 1
5 lim
hS0 ( !h 1 1 1 1)
5 27a 2 7h 1 4
f(a 1 h) 2 f(a) 5 27a 2 7h 1 4 2 (27a 1 4)
5 27h 1
5 lim
hS0 ( !1 1 1)
f. f(x) 5 4 2 2x 2 x2
f(a 1 h) 5 4 2 2(a 1 h) 2 (a 1 h)2 1
5
5 4 2 2a 2 2h 2 a2 2 2ah 2 h2 2
f(a 1 h) 2 f(a) 5 4 2 2a 2 2h 2 a2 2 2ah f(21 1 h) 2 f(21)
2 h2 2 4 1 2a 1 a2 d. f r(21) 5 lim
hS0 h
5 22h 2 h2 2 2ah 5 5
2 21
f(1 1 h) 2 f(1) 5 lim 21 1 h
5. a. f r (1) 5 lim hS0 h
hS0 h
(1 1 h)2 2 12 5
5 lim 21 1 h 1 5
hS0 h 5 lim
hS0 h
1 1 2h 1 h2 2 1
5 lim 5 5(21 1 h)
hS0 h 1 21 1 h
5 lim 21 1 h
2h 1 h2 hS0 h
5 lim
hS0 h 5 2 5 1 5h
5 lim (2 1 h) 5 lim
hS0 h(21 1 h)
hS0
5h
52 5 lim
hS0 h(21 1 h)
f(3 1 h) 2 f(3)
b. f r(3) 5 lim 5
hS0 h 5 lim
hS0 (21 1 h)
5 lim c
(3 1 h)2 1 3(3 1 h) 1 1
5
hS0 h 5
21
d
2
(3 1 3(3) 1 1)
2 5 25
h
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
9 1 6h 1 h2 1 9 1 3h 1 1 2 19 6. a. f r (x) 5 lim
5 lim hS0 h
hS0 h
25(x 1 h) 2 8 2 (25x 2 8)
9h 1 h2 5 lim
5 lim hS0 h
hS0 h
25x 2 5h 2 8 1 5x 1 8
5 lim (9 1 h) 5 lim
hS0 hS0 h
59

25h A !3x 1 3h 1 2 B 2 2 A !3x 1 2 B 2
5 lim
hA !3x 1 3h 1 2 1 !3x 1 2 B
5 lim
hS0 h hS0
5 lim 25
hS0 3x 1 3h 1 2 2 3x 2 2
hS0 hA !3x 1 3h 1 2 1 !3x 1 2B
5 lim
5 25
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x) 3
b. f r(x) 5 lim
hS0 !3x 1 3h 1 2 1 !3x 1 2
5 lim
hS0 h
5 lim c
2(x 1 h)2 1 4(x 1 h) 3
2 !3x 1 2
hS0 h 5
A2x2 1 4xB
2 d 7. a. Let y 5 f(x), then
h dy f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
5 f r(x) 5 lim
5 lim c
2x2 1 4xh 1 2h2 1 4x dx hS0 h
hS0 h 6 2 7(x 1 h) 2 (6 2 7x)
5 lim
d
4h 2 2x2 2 4x hS0 h
1
h 6 2 7x 2 7h 2 6 1 7x
5 lim
4xh 1 2h2 1 4h hS0 h
5 lim
hS0 h 27h
5 lim
5 lim (4x 1 2h 1 4) hS0 h
hS0
5 lim 27
5 4x 1 4 hS0
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x) 5 27
c. f r(x) 5 lim
hS0 h b. Let y 5 f(x), then
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
5 lim c
6(x 1 h)3 2 7(x 1 h) dy
5 f r(x) 5 lim
hS0 h dx hS0 h
x1h11 x11
d
(6x3 2 7x) 2x21
2 x1h21
h 5 lim
hS0 h
5 lim c
6x3 1 18x2h 1 18xh2 1 6h3 (x 1 h 1 1)(x 2 1)
hS0 h
5 lim (x 1 h 2 1)(x 2 1)
d
27x 2 7h 2 6x3 1 7x hS0 h
1
h (x 1 1)(x 1 h 2 1)
18x2h 1 18xh2 1 6h3 2 7h (x 2 1)(x 1 h 2 1)
5 lim 2
hS0 h h
5 lim (18x 1 18xh 1 6h2 2 7)
2
x2 1 hx 1 x 2 x 2 h 2 1
hS0
5 lim
(x 1 h 2 1)(x 2 1)
5 18x2 2 7
hS0 h
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
d. f r(x) 5 lim
hS0 h x2 1 hx 2 x 1 x 1 h 2 1
!3(x 1 h) 1 2 2 !3x 1 2 (x 1 h 2 1)(x 2 1)
5 lim 2
hS0 h h
!3x 1 3h 1 2 2 !3x 1 2 22h
5 lim (x 1 h 2 1)(x 2 1)
hS0 h 5 lim
A !3x 1 3h 1 2 2 !3x 1 2 B
hS0 h
5 lim c 22
hS0 h 5 lim
hS0 (x 1 h 2 1)(x 2 1)
A !3x 1 3h 1 2 1 !3x 1 2B
d 2
A !3x 1 3h 1 2 1 !3x 1 2B
3 52
(x 2 1)2

c. Let y 5 f(x), then 9. a. y
dy f(x 1 h) 2 f(x) 12
5 f r(x) 5 lim
dx hS0 h 10
3(x 1 h)2 2 3x2 8
5 lim
hS0 h 6
3x2 1 6xh 1 3h2 2 3x2 4
5 lim
hS0 h 2
x
6xh 1 3h2
5 lim 6 4 2 0 2 4 6
hS0 h 2
5 lim 6x 1 3h 4
hS0
5 6x b. Let y 5 f(x), then the slope of the tangent at
8. Let y 5 f(x), then the slope of the tangent at each point x can be found by calculating f(x)
each point x can be found by calculating f r(x) f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x) f r(x) 5 lim
f r(x) 5 lim hS0 h
hS0 h (x 1 h)3 2 x3
2(x 1 h)2 2 4(x 1 h) 2 2x2 1 4x 5 lim
5 lim hS0 h
hS0 h x3 1 3x2h 1 3xh2 1 h3 2 x3
5 lim
5 lim c
2x 1 4xh 1 2h2 2 4x 2 4h
2
hS0 h
hS0 h 3x2h 1 3xh2 1 h3
5 lim
d
2
22x 1 4x
1 hS0 h
h 5 lim 3x2 1 3xh 1 h2
4xh 1 h2 2 4h hS0
5 lim 5 3x2
hS0 h
5 lim 4x 1 h 2 4 So the slope of the tangent at x 5 22 is
hS0 f r(22) 5 3(22)2
5 4x 2 4 5 12
So the slope of the tangent at x 5 0 is At x 5 21, the slope of the tangent is
f r(0) 5 4(0) 2 4 f r(21) 5 3(21)2
5 24 53
At x 5 1, the slope of the tangent is At x 5 0, the slope of the tangent is
f r(1) 5 4(1) 2 4 f r(0) 5 3(0)2
50 50
f r(2) 5 4(2) 2 4 f r(1) 5 3(1)2
54 53
y At x 5 2, the slope of the tangent is
4 f r(2) 5 3(2)2
3 5 12
2 c. y
1 12
x 10
2 1 0 1 2 3 4
1 8
2 6
4
2
x
6 4 2 0 2 4 6
2

d. The graph of f(x) is a cubic. The graph of f r(x) 1 1
2 !x 1 1
5
seems to be a parabola. 6
10. The velocity the particle at time t is given by sr(t) 6 5 2 !x 1 1
s(t 1 h) 2 s(t)
sr(t) 5 lim 32 5 A !x 1 1B 2
hS0 h
95x11
2 (t 1 h)2 1 8(t 1 h) 2 (2t2 1 8t)
5 lim 85x
f(8) 5 !8 1 1
hS0 h
2t2 2 2th 2 h2 1 8t 1 8h 1 t2 2 8t
5 lim
hS0 h 5 !9
22th 2 h2 1 8h 53
5 lim So the tangent passes through the point (8, 3), and its
hS0 h
5 lim 2 2t 2 h 1 8 equation is y 2 3 5 16 (x 2 8) or x 2 6y 1 10 5 0.
hS0 12. a. Let y 5 f(x), then
5 22t 1 8 dy f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
So the velocity at t 5 0 is 5 f r(x) 5 lim
dx hS0 h
sr(0) 5 22(0) 1 8
c2c
5 8 m>s 5 lim
hS0 h
At t 5 4, the velocity is
0
sr(4) 5 22(4) 1 8 5 lim
hS0 h
5 0 m>s
At t 5 6, the velocity is 50
sr(6) 5 22(6) 1 8 b. Let y 5 f(x), then
5 24 m>s dy f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
5 f r(x) 5 lim
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x) dx hS0 h
11. f r(x) 5 lim (x 1 h) 2 x
hS0 h 5 lim
!x 1 h 1 1 2 !x 1 1
hS0 h
5 lim h
hS0 h 5 lim
hS0 h
A !x 1 h 1 1 2 !x 1 1 B
5 lim c 5 lim 1
hS0
hS0 h
51
A !x 1 h 1 1 1 !x 1 1 B
d c. Let y 5 f(x), then
A !x 1 h 1 1 1 !x 1 1 B
3
dy f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
A !x 1 h 1 1 B 2 2 A !x 1 1 B 2
5 f r(x) 5 lim
dx hS0 h
hS0 hA !x 1 h 1 1 1 !x 1 1 B
5 lim
m(x 1 h) 1 b 2 mx 2 b
5 lim
x1h112x21 hS0 h
hS0 hA !x 1 h 1 1 1 !x 1 1B
5 lim mx 1 mh 1 b 2 mx 2 b
5 lim
hS0 h
h
hS0 hA !x 1 h 1 1 1 !x 1 1B
5 lim mh
5 lim
hS0 h
1 5 lim m
A !x 1 h 1 1 1 !x 1 1 B
5 lim hS0
hS0
5m
1 d. Let y 5 f(x), then
2 !x 1 1
5
dy f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
5 f r(x) 5 lim
The equation x 2 6y 1 4 5 0 can be rewritten as dx hS0 h
y 5 16 x 1 23, so this line has slope 16. The value of x
5 lim c
a(x 1 h)2 1 b(x 1 h) 1 c
where the tangent to f(x) has slope 16 will satisfy hS0 h
f r(x) 5 16.
d
(ax2 1 bx 1 c)
2
h

c. This graph has negative slope for x , 22,
5 lim c
ax2 1 2axh 1 ah2 1 bx 1 bh
hS0 h positive slope for 22 , x , 0, negative slope for
0 , x , 2, positive slope for x . 2, and zero slope
d
2ax2 2 bx 2 c
1 at x 5 22, x 5 0, and x 5 2, which corresponds to
h
2axh 1 ah2 1 bh graph d.
5 lim 16. This function is defined piecewise as f(x) 5 2x2
hS0 h
for x , 0, and f(x) 5 x2 for x $ 0. The derivative
5 lim (2ax 1 ah 1 b)
hS0 will exist if the left-side and right-side derivatives are
5 2ax 1 b the same at x 5 0:
13. The slope of the function at a point x is given by f(0 1 h) 2 f(0) 2 (0 1 h)2 2 A20 2 B
lim2 5 lim2
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x) hS0 h hS0 h
f r(x) 5 lim
hS0 h 2h2
5 lim2
(x 1 h)3 2 x3 hS0 h
5 lim
hS0 h 5 lim2 (2h)
hS0
x 1 3x2h 1 3xh2 1 h3 2 x3
3
5 lim 50
hS0 h f(0 1 h) 2 f(0) (0 1 h)2 2 A02 B
3x h 1 3xh 1 h3
2 2 lim1 5 lim1
5 lim hS0 h hS0 h
hS0 h h2
5 lim 3x 1 3xh 1 h2
2 5 lim1
hS0 hS0 h
5 3x2
5 lim1 (h)
hS0
Since 3x2 is nonnegative for all x, the original
50
function never has a negative slope.
Since the limits are equal for both sides, the derivative
14. h(t) 5 18t 2 4.9t2
exists and f r(0) 5 0.
h(t 1 k) 2 h(t) 17. Since f r(a) 5 6 and f(a) 5 0,
a. hr(t) 5 lim
kS0 k f(a 1 h) 2 f(a)
18(t 1 k) 2 4.9(t 1 k)2 6 5 lim
5 lim hS0 h
kS0 k f(a 1 h) 2 0
A18t 2 4.9t2 B 6 5 lim
hS0 h
2
k f(a 1 h)
18t 1 18k 2 4.9t 2 2 9.8tk 2 4.9k2 3 5 lim
5 lim hS0 2h
kS0 k 18. y
18t 1 4.9t2 6
2
k 4
18k 2 9.8tk 2 4.9k2 2
5 lim x
kS0 k
5 lim (18 2 9.8t 2 4.9k) 1 1 2 3 4 5
2
kS0
5 18 2 9.8t 2 4.9(0)
f(x) is continuous.
5 18 2 9.8t f(3) 5 2
Then hr(2) 5 18 2 9.8(2) 5 21.6 m>s. But f r(3) 5 `.
b. hr(2) measures the rate of change in the height (Vertical tangent)
of the ball with respect to time when t 5 2. 19. y 5 x2 2 4x 2 5 has a tangent parallel to
15. a. This graph has positive slope for x , 0, zero 2x 2 y 5 1.
slope at x 5 0, and negative slope for x . 0, which Let f(x) 5 x2 2 4x 2 5. First, calculate
corresponds to graph e. f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
b. This graph has positive slope for x , 0, zero f r(x) 5 lim
hS0 h
slope at x 5 0, and positive slope for x . 0, which
corresponds to graph f.

5 lim c
(x 1 h)2 2 4(x 1 h) 2 5 2.2 The Derivatives of Polynomial
hS0 h Functions, pp. 8284
Ax 2 4x 2 5B
d
2
2 1. Answers may vary. For example:
h
d
5 lim c
x2 1 2xh 1 h2 2 4x 2 4h 2 5 constant function rule: (5) 5 0
dx
hS0 h
Ax B 5 3x2
d 3
d
2x2 1 4x 1 5 power rule:
1 dx
h
A4x3 B 5 12x2
d
2xh 1 h2 2 4h constant multiple rule:
5 lim dx
hS0 h
Ax 1 xB 5 2x 1 1
d 2
5 lim (2x 1 h 2 4) sum rule:
hS0 dx
5 2x 1 0 2 4
Ax 2 x2 1 3xB 5 3x2 2 2x 1 3
d 3
5 2x 2 4 difference rule:
dx
Thus, 2x 2 4 is the slope of the tangent to the curve d d
at x. We want the tangent parallel to 2x 2 y 5 1. 2. a. f r(x) 5 (4x) 2 (7)
dx dx
Rearranging, y 5 2x 2 1. d d
If the tangent is parallel to this line, 5 4 (x) 2 (7)
dx dx
5 4Ax0 B 2 0
2x 2 4 5 2
x53
54
When x 5 3, y 5 (3)2 2 4(3) 2 5 5 28.
b. f r(x) 5 Ax3 B 2 Ax2 B
d d
The point is (3, 28).
20. f(x) 5 x2 dx dx
The slope of the tangent at any point Ax, x2 B is 5 3x2 2 2x
c. f r(x) 5 A2x2 B 1 (5x) 1 (8)
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x) d d d
f r 5 lim dx dx dx
hS0 h
5 2 Ax2 B 1 5 (x) 1
(x 1 h)2 2 x2 d d d
5 lim (8)
hS0 h dx dx dx
(x 1 h 1 x)(x 1 h 2 x) 5 2 (2x) 1 5 1 0
5 lim 5 22x 1 5
hS0 h
d. f r(x) 5 ("
d 3
h(2x 1 h) x)
5 lim dx
hS0 h
d 1
5 lim (2x 1 h) 5 ( x3 )
hS0 dx
5 2x 1 0 1 1
5 2x 5 ( x(3 21))
3
Let (a, a2 ) be a point of tangency. The equation of 1 2
the tangent is 5 (x23)
3
y 2 a2 5 (2a)(x 2 a) 1
y 5 (2a)x 2 a2 5 3 2
Suppose the tangent passes through (1, 23). 3"x
e. f r(x) 5 aa b b
d x 4
Substitute x 5 1 and y 5 23 into the equation of
the tangent: dx 2
5a b Ax B
23 5 (2a)(1) 2 a2 1 4d 4
2
a 2 2a 2 3 5 0 2 dx
(a 2 3)(a 1 1) 5 0
5 A4x3 B
1
a 5 21, 3 16
So the two tangents are y 5 22x 2 1 or x3
2x 1 y 1 1 5 0 and y 5 6x 2 9 or 6x 2 y 2 9 5 0. 5
4

A5Ax2 B 4 B
d 23 d
f. f r(x) 5
dx
(x ) e. gr(x) 5
dx
5 (23)( x2321)
5 5 Ax234 B
d
5 23x24 dx
5 5 Ax8 B
d d
3. a. hr(x) 5 ((2x 1 3)(x 1 4))
dx dx
5 5A8x7 B
A2x2 1 8x 1 3x 1 12B
d
5
dx 5 40x7
A2x2 B 1 f. sr(t) 5 a b
d d d d t5 2 3t2
5 (11x) 1 (12)
dx dx dx dt 2t
5 2 Ax2 B 1 11 (x) 1
d d d
5 a b At 4 2 3tB
(12) 1 d
dx dx dx 2 dt
5 2(2x) 1 11(1) 1 0
5 a b a At4 B 2 (3t)b
1 d d
5 4x 1 11
2 dt dt
b. f r(x) 5 A2x3 1 5x2 2 4x 2 3.75B
d
5 a b a At4 B 2 3 (t)b
1 d d
dx
2 dt dt
A5x2 B 2
d d d
5 (2x3 ) 1 (4x)
5 a b A4t 3 2 3(1)B
dx dx dx 1
d 2
2 (3.75)
dx 3
5 2t 3 2
5 2 Ax3 B 1 5 Ax2 B 2 4 (x)
d d d 2
A3x3 B
dx dx dx dy d 5
4. a. 5
d dx dx
2 (3.75)
dx d 5
5 2A3x2 B 1 5(2x) 2 4(1) 2 0 5 3 ( x3)
dx
5 6x2 1 10x 2 4
5 a b3( xA3 21))
5 5
5 At 2 At 2 2 2tB B
ds d
c. 3
dt dt 2
5 5x3
5 At 4 2 2t 3 B
d
a4x22 2 b
dt dy d 1 6
b. 5
dx dx x
5 At 4 B 2 A2t 3 B
d d
5 4 ( x22) 2 6 Ax21 B
dt dt d 1 d
dx dx
5 At B 2 2 At 3 B
d 4 d
b ( x22 21) 2 6(21)Ax2121 B
dt dt 21 1
5 4a
5 4t 3 2 2A3t 2 B 2
3
5 4t 3 2 6t 2 5 22x22 1 6x22
a x 1 x 2 x 1 1b a 3 1 2 2 3b
dy d 1 5 1 3 1 2 dy d 6 2
d. 5 c. 5
dx dx 5 3 2 dx dx x x
a xb1 a xb2 a xb1 5 6 Ax23 B 1 2 Ax22 B 2

d 1 5 d 1 3 d 1 2 d d d d
5 (1) (3)
dx 5 dx 3 dx 2 dx dx dx dx
5 6(23)Ax2321 B 1 2(22)Ax2221 B 2 0
5 a b Ax5 B 1 a b Ax3 B 2 a b Ax2 B
1 d 1 d 1 d
5 dx 3 dx 2 dx 5 218x24 2 4x23
d 218 4
1 (1) 5 4 2 3
dx x x
5 A5x4 B 1 A3x2 B 2 (2x) 1 0
1 1 1
5 3 2
5 x4 1 x2 2 x

dy d 5 2t 2 6(1) 1 0
d.
dx
5
dx
( 9x22 1 3"x ) 5 2t 2 6
x 2 "x
d 3
5 9 Ax22 B 1 3 ( x2)
d d 1
6. a. f r(x) 5
dx
( )
dx dx
Ax B 2 ( x2)
d 3 d 1
5 9(22)Ax2221 B 1 3a b ( x2 21)
1
5
1
2 dx dx
3 1 1
5 3x2 2 ( x2 21)
1
5 218x23 1 x22
2 2
1 1
"x 1 6"x3 1 "2
dy d
e.
dx
5
dx
( ) 5 3x2 2 x22
2
1
"2
d 1 d 3 d 1
5 ( x2) 1 6 ( x2) 1
dx dx dx
( ) so f r(a) 5 f r(4) 5 3(4)2 2 (4)22
2
1 1
5 ( x2 21) 1 6a b ( x2 21) 1 0
1 1 3
5 3(16) 2
3
2 2 2 "4
5 48 2 a b a b
1 1 1 1 1
5 ( x22) 1 9x2
2 2 2
d 1 1 "x 5 47.75
a b
dy
f. 5 d
dx dx x
1
b. f r(x) 5 (
dx
7 2 6"x 1 5x3 ) 2
a b1 a b
d 1 d x2
5 d d 1 d 2
dx x dx x 5 (7) 2 6 ( x2) 1 5 ( x3)
dx dx dx
d 21 d 1
5 (x ) 1 ( x22)
5 0 2 6a b ( x2 21) 1 5a b ( x3 21)
1 1 2 2
dx dx
21 212 21 2 3
5 (21)x2121 1 (x )
5 23x22 1 a b ( x23)
2 1 10 1
1 3 3
5 2x22 2 x22
so f r(a) 5 f r(64) 5 23( 6422) 1 a b ( 6423)
2 1 10 1
5 A22t 2 1 7tB
ds d 3
5. a.
5 23a b 1 a b
dt dt 1 10 1
5 (22)a At2 B b 1 7a (t)b
d d 8 3 4
dt dt 11
5 (22)(2t) 1 7(1) 5
24
5 24t 1 7
A3x4 B
dy d
7. a. 5
5 a18 1 5t 2 t 3 b
ds d 1 dx dx
b.
5 3 Ax4 B
dt dt 3 d
5 (18) 1 5 (t) 2 a b At 3 B
d d 1 d dx
dt dt 3 dt 5 3A4x3 B
5 12x3
5 0 1 5(1) 2 a b A3t 2 B
1
3 The slope at (1, 3) is found by substituting x 5 1 into
dy
5 5 2 t2 the equation for dx. So the slope 5 12(1)3
5 A(t 2 3)2B
ds d 5 12
c.
a b
dt dt dy d 1
b. 5
5 At 2 2 6t 1 9B
d dx dx x25
dt
Ax B
d 5
5
5 At 2 B 2 (6) (t) 1 (9)
d d d dx
dt dt dt 5 5x4

The slope at (21, 21) is found by substituting x 5 21 The slope at x 5 4 is found by substituting x 5 4
dy dy 21
into the equation for dx. So the into the equation for dx. So the slope is (4) 2 5 12.
slope 5 5(21)4 16
c. y 5 2
55 x
a b a b
dy d 2 dy d 16
c. 5 5
dx dx x dx dx x2
5 2 Ax21 B 5 16 Ax22 B
d d
dx dx
5 2(21)x2121 5 16(22)x2221
5 22x22 5 232x23
The slope at (22 , 21) is found by substituting The slope at x 5 22 is found by substituting
dy dy
x 5 22 into the equation for dx. So the x 5 22 into the equation for . So the slope is
dx
23 (232)
slope 5 22(22)22 232(22) 5 (22)3
5 4.
1 d. y 5 x23 (x21 1 1)
52
2 5 x24 1 x23
5 ("16x3)
dy d dy d 24
d. 5 (x 1 x23 )
dx dx dx dx
5 "16 ( x2)
d 3
5 24x25 2 3x24
dx
4 3
52 52 4
5 4a bx2 21
3 3
x x
2 The slope at x 5 1 is found by substituting
1
5 6x 2
dy
The slope at (4, 32) is found by substituting x 5 4 x 5 1 into the equation for dx. So the slope is
into the equation for

dy
. So the 2 145 2 134 5 27.
dx
a2x 2 b
1
slope 5 6(4)2 dy d 1
9. a. 5
5 12 dx dx x
8. a. y 5 2x3 1 3x
Ax B
d d 21
5 2 (x) 2
A2x3 1 3xB
dy d dx dx
5
dx dx 5 2(1) 2 (21)x2121
5 2 Ax3 B 1 3 (x)
d d 5 2 1 x22
dx dx The slope at x 5 0.5 is found by substituting
5 2A3x2 B 1 3(1) x 5 0.5 into the equation for dx.
dy
5 6x2 1 3
The slope at x 5 1 is found by substituting x 5 1 So the slope is 2 1 (0.5)22 5 6.
dy The equation of the tangent line is therefore
into the equation for dx. So the slope is y 1 1 5 6(x 2 0.5) or 6x 2 y 2 4 5 0.
6(1)2 1 3 5 9.
a 2 3b
dy d 3 4
b. 5
b. y 5 2"x 1 5 dx dx x2 x
dy d
5 (2"x 1 5) 5 3 Ax22 B 2 4 Ax23 B
d d
dx dx dx dx
d 1 d 5 3(22)x2221 2 4(23)x2321
5 2 ( x2 ) 1 (5)
dx dx 5 12x24 2 6x23
The slope at x 5 21 is found by substituting
5 2a b ( x2 21) 1 0
1 1
2 dy
21
x 5 21 into the equation for dx. So the slope is
5 x2
12(21)24 2 6(21)23 5 18.

The equation of the tangent line is therefore The equation of the tangent line is therefore
y 2 7 5 18(x 1 1) or 18x 2 y 1 25 5 0. y 5 3.5(x 2 4) or 7x 2 2y 2 28 5 0.
dy
5 ("3x3)
d d "x 2 2
a 3 b
c. dy
5
"x
dx dx f.
dx dx
5 "3 ( x2)
d 3 1
a b
d x2 2 2
dx 5 1
dx x3
5 "3a bx
3 32 21
d 1 1 1
2 5 ( x2 2 3 2 2x23)
1 dx
3"3x2
5 ( x6) 2 2 Ax23 B
5 d 1 d 1
2
dx dx
The slope at x 5 3 is found by substituting x 5 3
5 ( x6 21) 2 2a2 bx23 21 2 0
dy 1 1 1 1
into the equation for dx. 6 3

3"3(3)2
1
9 1 256 2 243
So the slope is 5 . 5 (x ) 1 x
2 2 6 3
The equation of the tangent line is therefore The slope at x 5 1 is found by substituting x 5 1
y 2 9 5 92 (x 2 3) or 9x 2 2y 2 9 5 0. dy
into the equation for dx.
a ax 1 bb
dy d 1 2 1
d. 5 5 4
So the slope is 16 (1)26 1 23 (1)23 5 56.
dx dx x x
The equation of the tangent line is therefore
ax 1 2 b
d 1
5 y 1 1 5 56 (x 2 1) or 5x 2 6y 2 11 5 0.
dx x 10. A normal to the graph of a function at a point is
Ax B
d d 22 a line that is perpendicular to the tangent at the
5 (x) 1
dx dx given point.
5 1 1 (22)x2221 3 4
5 1 2 2x23 y 5 2 2 3 at P(21, 7)
x x
The slope at x 5 1 is found by substituting Slope of the tangent is 18, therefore, the slope of
dy
into the equation for dx. the normal is 2 181 .
So the slope is 1 2 2(1)23 5 21. 1
Equation is y 2 7 5 2 (x 1 1).
The equation of the tangent line is therefore 18
y 2 2 5 2 (x 2 1) or x 1 y 2 3 5 0. x 1 18y 2 125 5 0
3
5 (("x 2 2)(3"x 1 8))
dy d 11. y 5 3 5 3x23
1
"x
e.
dx dx
Parallel to x 1 16y 1 3 2 0
5 (3("x)2 1 8"x 2 6"x 2 16)
d
dx Slope of the line is 2 161 .
d dy 4
5 (3x 1 2"x 2 16) 5 2x23

dx dx
d d 1 d 4 1
5 (3x) 1 2 ( x2) 2 (16) x23 5
dx dx dx 16
1 1
5 3(1) 1 2a bx2 21 2 0
1 1 4 5
2 x 3
16
4
5 3 1 x22
1
x3 5 16
3
The slope at x 5 4 is found by substituting x 5 4 x 5 (16)4 5 8

dy
1
So the slope is 3 1 (4)22 5 3.5.

1 16. y 5 15x5 2 10x, slope is 6
12. y 5 5 x21 : y 5 x3
x dy
5 x4 2 10 5 6
dy 1 dy dx
52 2: 5 3x2
dx x dx x4 5 16
1 x2 5 4 or x2 5 24
Now, 2 2 5 3x2
x x 5 62 non-real
1 Tangents with slope 6 are at the points Q 2, 2 685 R
x4 5 2 . and Q2 2, 685 R .
3
No real solution. They never have the same slope. 17. y 5 2x2 1 3
dy a. Equation of tangent from A(2, 3):
13. y 5 x2, 5 2x If x 5 a, y 5 2x2 1 3.
dx
The slope of the tangent at A(2, 4) is 4 and at Let the point of tangency be PAa, 2a2 1 3B.
dy dy
B Q 2 18 , 641 R is 2 14. Now, dx 5 4x and when x 5 a, dx 5 4a.
Since the product of the slopes is 21, the tangents The slope of the tangent is the slope of AP.
at A(2, 4) and B Q 2 18 , 641 R will be perpendicular. 2a2
5 4a.
a22
4 y
2a2 5 4a2 2 8a
3 2
2a 2 8a 5 0
2 2a(a 2 4) 5 0
1 a 5 0 or a 5 4.
x
Point (2, 3):
3 2 1 0 1 2 3
1 Slope is 0. Slope is 16.
Equation of tangent is Equation of tangent is
14. y 5 2x2 1 3x 1 4
y 2 3 5 0. y 2 3 5 16(x 2 2) or
dy
5 22x 1 3 16x 2 y 2 29 5 0.
dx b. From the point B(2, 27):
dy 2a2 1 10
For 55 Slope of BP: 5 4a
dx a22
5 5 22x 1 3 2a2 1 10 5 4a2 2 8a
x 5 21. 2
2a 2 8a 2 10 5 0
The point is (21, 0). a2 2 4a 2 5 5 0
y (a 2 5)(a 1 1) 5 0
6
a55 a 5 21
5 Slope is 4a 5 20. Slope is 4a 5 24.
4 Equation is Equation is
3 y 1 7 5 20(x 2 2) y 1 7 5 24(x 2 2)
2 or 20x 2 y 2 47 5 0. or 4x 1 y 2 1 5 0.
1 a
x 18. ax 2 4y 1 21 5 0 is tangent to y 5 x2 at x 5 22.
2 1 0 Therefore, the point of tangency is a22, 4 b,
1 2 3 4 a
1
2 This point lies on the line, therefore,
a(22) 2 4a b 1 21 5 0
a
15. y 5 x3 1 2
4
dy
5 3x2, slope is 12 23a 1 21 5 0
dx
a 5 7.
x2 5 4
x 5 2 or x 5 22
Points are (2, 10) and (22, 26).

19. a. When h 5 200, 22. v(t) 5 Rr(t) 5 210t
d 5 3.53"200 v(2) 5 220
8 49.9 The velocity of the bolt at t 5 2 is 220 m>s.
Passengers can see about 49.9 km. 23. y
b. d 5 3.53!h 5 3.53h2
1
3 (0, 3)
2
dr 5 3.53a h 2 2 b
1 1
2 1
x
5
3.53 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
1
2!h
2
When h 5 200,
3.53 3
2 !200
dr 5
Let the coordinates of the points of tangency be
8 0.12 AAa,23a2 B.
The rate of change is about 0.12 km>m. dy
20. d(t) 5 4.9t2 5 26x, slope of the tangent at A is 26a
dx
a. d(2) 5 4.9(2)2 5 19.6 m 23a2 2 3
Slope of PA: 5 26a
d(5) 5 4.9(5)2 5 122.5 m a
The average rate of change of distance with respect 23a2 2 3 5 26a2
to time from 2 s to 5 s is 3a2 5 3
Dd 122.5 2 19.6 a 5 1 or a 5 21
5 Coordinates of the points at which the tangents
Dt 522
5 34.3 m>s touch the curve are (1, 23) and (21, 23).
b. dr(t) 5 9.8t 24. y 5 x3 2 6x2 1 8x, tangent at A(3, 23)
Thus, dr(4) 5 9.8(4) 5 39.2 m>s. dy
5 3x2 2 12x 1 8
c. When the object hits the ground, d 5 150. dx
Set d(t) 5 150: When x 5 3,
4.9t2 5 150 dy
5 27 2 36 1 8 5 21
1500 dx
t2 5
49 The slope of the tangent at A(3, 23) is 21.
Equation will be
t 5 6 "15
10
7 y 1 3 5 21(x 2 3)
y 5 2x.
Since t $ 0, t 5 "15
10
7 2x 5 x3 2 6x2 1 8x
Then, x3 2 6x2 1 9x 5 0
xAx2 2 6x 1 9B 5 0
dra "15b 5 9.8a "15b
10 10
x(x 2 3)2 5 0
7 7
x 5 0 or x 5 3
8 54.2 m>s
Coordinates are B(0, 0).
21. v(t) 5 sr(t) 5 2t 2 t2
0.5 5 2t 2 t2 y
t2 2 2t 1 0.5 5 0 3
2t2 2 4t 1 1 5 0 2
4 6 "8 1
x
t5
4
1 0 1 2 3 4
t 8 1.71, 0.29 11
The train has a velocity of 0.5 km>min at about 2
0.29 min and 1.71 min. 3

25. a. i. f(x) 5 2x 2 5x2 f(5) 5 (5)3 2 8(5)2 1 5(5) 1 3
f r(x) 5 2 2 10x 5 25 2 200 1 25 1 3
Set f r(x) 5 0: 5 247
2 2 10x 5 0 Thus the two points are Q 13, 103
27 R and (5, 247).
10x 5 2 b. At these points, the slopes of the tangents are
1 zero, meaning that the rate of change of the value
x5
5 of the function with respect to the domain is zero.
Then, These points are also local maximum or minimum
points.
f a b 5 2a b 2 5a b
1 1 1 2
5 5 5 26. "x 1 "y 5 1
2 1 P(a, b) is on the curve, therefore a $ 0, b $ 0.
!y 5 1 2 !x
5 2
5 5
1 y 5 1 2 2 !x 1 x
5
5 dy 1 1
5 2 ? 2x22 1 1
Thus the point is Q 15, 15 R . dx 2
ii. f(x) 5 4x2 1 2x 2 3 1 21 1 !a
!a !a
f r(x) 5 8x 1 2 At x 5 a, slope is 2 115 .
But !a 1 !b 5 1
Set f r(x) 5 0:
8x 1 2 5 0
8x 5 22 2 !b 5 !a 2 1.
1 "b b
a
Therefore, slope is 2 52
"a
x52 .
4
Then, 27. f(x) 5 xn, f r(x) 5 nxn21
Slope of the tangent at x 5 1 is f r(1) 5 n,
f a2 b 5 4a2 b 1 2a2 b 2 3
1 1 2 1
The equation of the tangent at (1, 1) is:
4 4 4 y 2 1 5 n(x 2 1)
1 2 12 nx 2 y 2 n 1 1 5 0
5 2 2
4 4 4 Let y 5 0, nx 5 n 2 1
13 n21 1
52 x5 512 .
4 n n
Thus the point is Q 2 14, 2 134 R . 1 1
The x-intercept is 1 2 ; as n S `, S 0, and
iii. f(x) 5 x3 2 8x2 1 5x 1 3 n n
f r(x) 5 3x2 2 16x 1 5 the x-intercept approaches 1. As n S `, the slope
Set f r(x) 5 0: of the tangent at (1, 1) increases without bound, and
3x2 2 16x 1 5 5 0 the tangent approaches a vertical line having equation
2
3x 2 15x 2 x 1 5 5 0 x 2 1 5 0.
3x(x 2 5) 2 (x 2 5) 5 0 28. a. y
(3x 2 1)(x 2 5) 5 0 9
1 8
x5 ,5
3 7
f a b 5 a b 2 8a b 1 5a b 1 3
1 1 3 1 2 1 6
3 3 3 3 5
1 24 45 81 4
5 2 1 1
27 27 27 27 3
103 2
5
27 1
x
2 1 0 1 2 3 4

c. h(x) 5 (3x 1 2)(2x 2 7)
f(x) 5 e f '(x) 5 e
x2, if x , 3 2x, if x , 3
x 1 6, if x $ 3 1, if x $ 3 hr(x) 5 (3x 1 2)(2) 1 (3)(2x 2 7)
f r(3) does not exist. 5 12x 2 17
d. h(x) 5 A5x7 1 1B Ax2 2 2xB
y
hr(x) 5 A5x7 1 1B (2x 2 2) 1 A35x6 BAx2 2 2xB
b.
7
5 45x8 2 80x7 1 2x 2 2
e. s(t) 5 At2 1 1B A3 2 2t2 B
6
5 sr(t) 5 At2 1 1B (24t) 1 (2t)A3 2 2t2 B
4 5 28t3 1 2t
3 x23
2 f. f(x) 5
x13
1 f(x) 5 (x 2 3)(x 1 3)21
x
f r(x) 5 (x 2 3)(21)(x 1 3)22 1 (1)(x 1 3)21
3 2 1 0 1 2 3
1 5 (x 1 3)22 (2x 1 3 1 x 1 3)
6
5
3x2 2 6, if x , 2"2 or x . "2 (x 1 3)2
f(x) 5 e
6 2 3x2, if 2"2 , x , "2 2. a. y 5 (5x 1 1)3 (x 2 4)
dy
6x, if x , 2"2 or x . "2 5 (5x 1 1)3 (1) 1 3(5x 1 1)2 (5)(x 2 4)
f r(x) 5 e dx
26x, if 2"2 # x # "2 5 (5x 1 1)3 1 15(5x 1 1)2 (x 2 4)
f r "2 and f r 2"2 do not exist.
( ) ( ) b. y 5 A3x2 1 4BA3 1 x3 B 5
5 A3x2 1 4B (5)A3 1 x3 B 4 A3x2 B
dy
c. y
3 dx
2
1 (6x)A3 1 x3 B 5
5 15x2 (3x2 1 4)(3 1 x3 )4 1 6x(3 1 x3 )5
1
x
3 2 1 0 1 2 3
1
x 2 1, if x $ 1 since Zx 2 1 Z 5 x 2 1
f(x) 5
1 2 x, if 0 # x , 1 since Zx 2 1 Z 5 1 2 x
x 1 1, if 21 , x , 0 since Z2x 2 1 Z 5 x 1 1
2x 2 1, if x # 21 since Z2x21 Z 5 2x 2 1
1, if x . 1 c. y 5 A1 2 x2 B 4 (2x 1 6)3
5 4A1 2 x2 B 3 (22x)(2x 1 6)3
dy
f'(x) 5
21, if 0 , x , 1
1, if 21 , x , 0 dx
21, if x , 21 1 A1 2 x2 B 4 3(2x 1 6)2 (2)
5 28xA1 2 x2 B 3 (2x 1 6)3
f r(0), f r(21), and f r(1) do not exist. 1 6A1 2 x2 B 4 (2x 1 6)2
d. y 5 Ax2 2 9B 4 (2x 2 1)3
2.3 The Product Rule, pp. 9091 dy
5 Ax2 2 9B 4 (3)(2x 2 1)2 (2)
dx
1. a. h(x) 5 x(x 2 4)
1 4Ax2 2 9B 3 (2x)(2x 2 1)3
hr(x) 5 x(1) 1 (1)(x 2 4)
5 6(x2 2 9)4 (2x 2 1)2
5 2x 2 4
1 8x(x2 2 9)3 (2x 2 1)3
b. h(x) 5 x2 (2x 2 1)
hr(x) 5 x2 (2) 1 (2x)(2x 2 1)
5 6x2 2 2x

3. It is not appropriate or necessary to use the product dy
5 5(21)4 (2)(21)4
rule when one of the factors is a constant or when it dx
would be easier to first determine the product of the 1 (21)5 (4)(21)3 (3)
factors and then use other rules to determine the 5 10 1 12
derivative. For example, it would not be best to 5 22
use the product rule for f(x) 5 3Ax2 1 1B or f. y 5 x(5x 2 2)(5x 1 2)
g(x) 5 (x 1 1) (x 2 1). 5 xA25x2 2 4B
4. F(x) 5 3b(x)43c(x)4 dy
F r(x) 5 3b(x)43cr(x)4 1 3br(x)43c(x)4 dx
5 x(50x) 1 (25x2 2 4)(1)
5. a. y 5 (2 1 7x)(x 2 3) At x 5 3,
dy dy
5 (2 1 7x)(1) 1 7(x 2 3) 5 3(150) 1 (25 ? 9 2 4)
dx dx
At x 5 2, 5 450 1 221
dy 5 671
5 (2 1 14) 1 7(21)
dx 6. Tangent to y 5 Ax3 2 5x 1 2B A3x2 2 2xB
5 16 2 7 at (1, 22)
59
5 A3x2 2 5B A3x2 2 2xB
dy
b. y 5 (1 2 2x)(1 1 2x) dx
dy
5 (1 2 2x)(2) 1 (22)(1 1 2x) 1 Ax3 2 5x 1 2B (6x 2 2)
dx when x 5 1,
1 dy
At x 5 , 5 (22)(1) 1 (22)(4)
2 dx
dy 5 22 1 28
5 (0)(2) 2 2(2)
dx 5 210
5 24 Slope of the tangent at (1, 22) is 210.
c. y 5 A3 2 2x 2 x2 B Ax2 1 x 2 2B The equation is y 1 2 5 210(x 2 1);
5 A3 2 2x 2 x2 B A2x 1 1B
dy 10x 1 y 2 8 5 0.
dx 7. a. y 5 2(x 2 29)(x 1 1)
1 (22 2 2x)Ax2 1 x 2 2B dy
5 2(x 2 29)(1) 1 2(1)(x 1 1)
At x 5 22, dx
dy 2x 2 58 1 2x 1 2 5 0
5 (3 1 4 2 4)(24 1 1)
dx 4x 2 56 5 0
1 (22 1 4)(4 2 2 2 2) 4x 5 56
5 (3)(23) 1 (2)(0) x 5 14
5 29 Point of horizontal tangency is (14, 2450).
d. y 5 x3 (3x 1 7)2 b. y 5 Ax2 1 2x 1 1B Ax2 1 2x 1 1B
dy 5 Ax2 1 2x 1 1B 2
5 3x2 (3x 1 7)2 1 x36(3x 1 7)
dx dy
5 2Ax2 1 2x 1 1B (2x 1 2)
At x 5 22, dx
dy Ax2 1 2x 1 1B (2x 1 2) 5 0
5 12(1)2 1 (28)(6)(1)
dx 2(x 1 1)(x 1 1)(x 1 1) 5 0
5 12 2 48 x 5 21
e. y 5 (2x 1 1)5 (3x 1 2)4, x 5 21 8. a. y 5 (x 1 1)3 (x 1 4)(x 2 3)2
dy dy
5 5(2x 1 1)4 (2)(3x 1 2)4 5 3(x 1 1)2 (x 1 4)(x 2 3)2
dx dx
1 (2x 1 1)54(3x 1 2)3 (3) 1 (x 1 1)3 (1)(x 2 3)2
At x 5 21, 1 (x 1 1)3 (x 1 4)32(x 2 3)4

b. y 5 x2 A3x2 1 4B 2 A3 2 x3 B 4 b. f(x) 5 (1 1 x)(1 1 2x)(1 1 3x) c
(1 1 nx)
5 2xA3x2 1 4B 2 A3 2 x3 B 4
dy
dx f r(x) 5 1(1 1 2x)(1 1 3x) c(1 1 nx)
1 x2 32A3x2 1 4B (6x)4 A3 2 x3 B 4 1 (1 1 x)(2)(1 1 3x) c(1 1 nx)
1 x2 A3x2 1 4B 2 34A3 2 x3 B 3 A23x2 B4
1 (1 1 x)(1 1 2x)(3) c(1 1 nx)
1 c 1 (1 1 x)(1 1 2x)(1 1 3x)
9. V(t) 5 75a1 2 b , 0 # t # 24
t 2 c (n)
24 f r(0) 5 1(1)(1)(1) c (1)
75 L 3 60% 5 45 L 1 1(2)(1)(1) c (1)
5 a1 2 b
45 t 2 1 1(1)(3)(1) c (1)
Set
75 24 1 c 1 (1)(1)(1) c (n)
3 t 5112131c1n
5
6 512 n(n 1 1)
24 f r(0) 5
2
t5a6
3
12. f(x) 5 ax2 1 bx 1 c
5
2 1b (224)
f r(x) 5 2ax 1 b (1)
t 8 42.590 (inadmissable) or t 8 5.4097 Horizontal tangent at (21, 28)
V(t) 5 75a1 2 b
t 2 f r(x) 5 0 at x 5 21
24 22a 1 b 5 0
V(t) 5 75a1 2 b a1 2 b
t t Since (2, 19) lies on the curve,
24 24 4a 1 2b 1 c 5 19 (2)
Vr(t) 5 75 c a1 2 b a2 b
t 1 Since (21, 28) lies on the curve,
24 24 a 2 b 1 c 5 28 (3)
1 a2 b a1 2 b d
1 t 4a 1 2b 1 c 5 19
24 24 23a 2 3b 5 227
a1b59
5 (75)(2)a1 2 b a2 b
t 1
24 24 22a 1 b 5 0
Vr(5.4097) 5 24.84 L>h 3a 5 9
10. Determine the point of tangency, and then find the a 5 3, b 5 6
negative reciprocal of the slope of the tangent. Use 3 2 6 1 c 5 28
this information to find the equation of the normal. c 5 25
h(x) 5 2x(x 1 1)3 Ax2 1 2x 1 1B 2 The equation is y 5 3x2 1 6x 2 5.
hr(x) 5 2(x 1 1)3 Ax2 1 2x 1 1B 2 y
13.
1 (2x)(3)(x 1 1)2 Ax2 1 2x 1 1B 2 3
1 2x(x 1 1)3 2Ax2 1 2x 1 1B (2x 1 2) 2
hr(22) 5 2(21)3 (1)2 1
x
1 2(22)(3)(21)2 (1)2 0
3 2 1 1 2 3
1 2(22)(21)3 (2)(1)(22) 1
5 22 2 12 2 16 a. x 5 1 or x 5 21
5 230 b. f r(x) 5 2x, x , 21 or x . 1
11. f r(x) 5 22x, 21 , x , 1
a. f(x) 5 g1 (x)g2 (x)g3 (x) c gn21 (x)gn (x) y
f r(x) 5 g1r(x)g2 (x)g3 (x) c gn21 (x)gn (x) 6
1 g1 (x)g2r(x)g3 (x) c gn21 (x)gn (x) 4
2
1 g1 (x)g2 (x)g3r(x) c gn21 (x)gn (x) x
1 c 1 g1 (x)g2 (x)g3 (x) cgn21 (x)gnr(x) 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
2
4
6

c. f r(22) 5 2(22) 5 24 h(h 1 2x 2 5)
5 lim
f r(0) 5 22(0) 5 0

hS0 h
f r(3) 5 2(3) 5 6 5 2x 2 5
16 Use the derivative function to calculate the slopes of
14. y 5 2 2 1
x the tangents.
dy 32
52 3 x
Slope of Tangent
dx x f 9(x)
Slope of the line is 4. 0 25
32
2 3 54 1 23
x
2 21
4x3 5 232
x3 5 28 3 1
x 5 22 4 3
16
y5 21 5 5
4
53 c. y
Point is at (22, 3). 6
Find intersection of line and curve: 4
4x 2 y 1 11 5 0 2
x
y 5 4x 1 11
2 0 2 4 6
Substitute, 2
16 4
4x 1 11 5 2 2 1
x 6
4x3 1 11x2 5 16 2 x2 or 4x3 1 12x2 2 16 5 0.
Let x 5 22 d. f(x) is quadratic; f r(x) is linear.
RS 5 4(22)3 1 12(22)2 2 16 (6(x 1 h) 1 15) 2 (6x 1 15)
50 2. a. f r(x) 5 lim
hS0 h
Since x 5 22 satisfies the equation, therefore it is 6h
a solution. 5 lim
hS0 h
When x 5 22, y 5 4(22) 1 11 5 3.
5 lim 6
Intersection point is (22, 3). Therefore, the line is hS0
tangent to the curve. 56
A2(x 1 h)2 2 4B 2 A2x2 2 4B
Mid-Chapter Review, pp. 9293 b. f r(x) 5 lim
hS0 h
1. a. y (x 1 h) 2 2 x2
5 lim2
6 hS0 h
4 ((x 1 h) 2 x)((x 1 h) 1 x)
5 lim2
2 hS0 h
x h(2x 1 h)
2 0 2 4 6 5 lim2
2 hS0 h
4 5 lim2(2x 1 h)
hS0
6 5 4x
5 5
2x15
((x 1 h)2 2 5(x 1 h)) 2 (x2 2 5x) (x 1 h) 1 5
b. f r(x) 5 lim c. f r(x) 5 lim
hS0

h hS0 h
x2 1 2hx 1 h2 2 5x 2 5h 2 x2 1 5x 5(x 1 5) 2 5((x 1 h) 1 5)
5 lim 5 lim
hS0

h hS0 ((x 1 h) 1 5)(x 1 5)h

h2 1 2hx 2 5h 25h
5 lim 5 lim
h S 0 ((x 1 h) 1 5) (x 1 5)h

hS0 h
25 dy
5 lim d. 5 5 2 6x23
h S 0 ((x 1 h) 1 5) (x 1 5) dx
25 6
5 552 3
(x 1 5) 2 x
!(x 1 h) 2 2 2 !x 2 2 dy
d. f r(x) 5 lim e. 5 2(11t 1 1)(11)
hS0 h dt
!(x 1 h) 2 2 2 !x 2 2 5 242t 1 22
5 lim c 1
hS0 h f. y 5 1 2
!(x 1 h) 2 2 1 !x 2 2
x
d 5 1 2 x21
!(x 1 h) 2 2 1 !x 2 2
3
dy
5 x22
((x 1 h) 2 2) 2 (x 2 2) dx
hS0 hA !(x 1 h) 2 2 1 !x 2 2B
5 lim
1
5 2
h x
hS0 hA !(x 1 h) 2 2 1 !x 2 2B
5 lim 5. f r(x) 5 8x3
8x3 5 1
1
hS0 !(x 1 h) 2 2 1 !x 2 2
5 lim 1
x3 5
8
1
2 !x 2 2
5 1
x5
2
3. a. yr 5 2x 2 4
f a b 5 2a b
When x 5 1, 1 1 4
yr 5 2(1) 2 4 2 2
5 22. 1
5
When x 5 1, 8
y 5 (1)2 2 4(1) 1 3 Equation of the tangent line:
5 0.
y 2 5 1ax 2 b, or y 5 x 2
1 1 3
Equation of the tangent line: 8 2 8
y 2 0 5 22(x 2 1), or y 5 22x 1 2
6. a. f r(x) 5 8x 2 7
b. y b. f r(x) 5 26x2 1 8x 1 5
6
c. f(x) 5 5x22 2 3x23
4 f r(x) 5 210x23 1 9x24
2 10 9
x 52 3 1 4
4 2 0 2 4 6 x x
2 1
d. f(x) 5 x2 1 x3
1
4 1 1 1 2
6 f r(x) 5 x22 1 x23
2 3
1 1
dy 5 12 1 23
4. a. 5 24x3 2x 3x
1
dx e. f(x) 5 7x22 2 3x2
dy 1 3 1
b. 5 5x22 f r(x) 5 214x23 2 x22
dx 2
5 14 3
!x
5 5 2 3 2 12
x 2x
c. gr(x) 5 26x24 f. f r(x) 5 4x22 1 5
6 4
52 4 5 215
x x

7. a. yr 5 26x 1 6 5 224t2 2 28t 1 6t 1 7 2 12t2 2 28t 1 32
When x 5 1, 5 236t2 2 50t 1 39
yr 5 26(1) 1 6
A3x2 1 4x 2 6B (2x2 2 9)
dy d
5 0. c. 5
dx dx
When x 5 1,
1 A3x2 1 4x 2 6B A2x2 2 9B
d
y 5 23A12 B 1 6(1) 1 4 dx
5 7. 5 (6x 1 4)A2x2 2 9B 1 A3x2 1 4x 2 6B (4x)
Equation of the tangent line: 5 12x3 2 54x 1 8x2 2 36 1 12x3
y 2 7 5 0(x 2 1), or 1 16x2 2 24x
y57 5 24x3 1 24x2 2 78x 2 36
1
b. y 5 3 2 2x2
A3 2 2x3 B 2 A3 2 2x3 B
1 dy d
yr 5 2x22 d. 5
dx dx
21
!x 1 A3 2 2x3 B 2 A3 2 2x3 B
5 d
dx
When x 5 9,
5 c A3 2 2x3 B A3 2 2x3 B
21 d
!9
yr 5 dx
1 A3 2 2x3 B A3 2 2x3 B d A3 2 2x3 B

1 d
52 . dx
3
When x 5 9, 1 A3 2 2x3 B 2 A26x2 B
y 5 3 2 2 !9 5 S 2A26x2 B A3 2 2x3 B T A3 2 2x3 B
5 23. 1 A3 2 2x3 B 2 A26x2 B
Equation of the tangent line: 5 3A3 2 2x3 B 2 A26x2 B
1 1 5 A3 2 2x3 B 2 A218x2 B
y 2 (23) 5 2 (x 2 9), or y 5 2 x
3 3 5 A9 2 12x3 1 4x6 BA218x2 B
c. f r(x) 5 28x3 1 12x2 2 4x 2 8 5 2162x2 1 216x5 2 72x8
9. yr 5 A5x2 1 9x 2 2B A2x2 1 2x 1 3B
f r(3) 5 28(3)3 1 12(3)2 2 4(3) 2 8 d
5 2216 1 108 2 12 2 8 dx
1 A5x2 1 9x 2 2B A2x2 1 2x 1 3B
5 2218 d
f(3) 5 22(3)4 1 4(3)3 2 2(3)2 2 8(3) 1 9 dx
5 2162 1 108 2 18 2 24 1 9 5 (10x 1 9)A2x2 1 2x 1 3B
5 287 1 A5x2 1 9x 2 2B (2 2 2x)
Equation of the tangent line: yr(1) 5 (10(1) 1 9)(2 (1)2 1 2(1) 1 3)
y 2 (287) 5 2128(x 2 3), or 1 (5(1)2 1 9(1) 2 2)(2 2 2(1))
y 5 2128x 1 297 5 (19)(4)
5 76
8. a. f r(x) 5 A4x2 2 9xB A3x2 1 5B
d
dx Equation of the tangent line:
y 2 48 5 76(x 2 1), or 76x 2 y 2 28 5 0
1 A4x2 2 9xB A3x2 1 5B
d
dx dy d
10. 5 2 (x 2 1)(5 2 x)
5 (8x 2 9)A3x2 1 5B 1 A4x2 2 9xB (6x) dx dx
5 24x3 2 27x2 1 40x 2 45 d
1 2(x 2 1) (5 2 x)
1 24x3 2 54x2 dx
5 48x3 2 81x2 1 40x 2 45 5 2(5 2 x) 2 2(x 2 1)
5 12 2 4x
b. f r(t) 5 A23t2 2 7t 1 8B (4t 2 1)
d
dy
dt The tangent line is horizontal when dx 5 0.
12 2 4x 5 0
1 A23t2 2 7t 1 8B (4t 2 1)
d
dt 12 5 4x
5 (26t 2 7)(4t 2 1) x53
1 A23t2 2 7t 1 8B (4)

When x 5 3,
500a1 2 90 2 1 1 90 b
t1h t
y 5 2((3) 2 1)(5 2 (3))
5 8. 5 lim
hS0 h
Point where tangent line is horizontal: (3, 8)
a1 2 90 1 1 2 90 b
t1h t
5 lim c
dy (5(x 1 h)2 2 8(x 1 h) 1 4)
11.
dx hS0 h 3
A5x2 2 8x 1 4B
h
2 d 500a2 b a2 2
h 2t 1 h
b
h 90 90
5(x 1 h)2 2 5x2 2 8h 5 lim
5 lim hS0 h
hS0 h
a2 2 b
500 2t 1 h
5((x 1 h) 2 x)((x 1 h) 1 x) 2 8h 5 lim 2
5 lim hS0 90 90
hS0 h
a2 2 b
250 2t
5h(2x 1 h) 2 8h 5
5 lim 9 90
hS0 h
2900 1 10t
5 lim (5(2x 1 h) 2 8) 5
hS0 81
5 10x 2 8 Then,
12. V(t) 5 500a1 2 b . 0 # t # 90
t 2 2900 1 10(30)
Vr(30) 5
90 81
a. After 1 h, t 5 60, and the volume is 200
52 L>min
V(60) 5 500 Q 1 2 6090 R
2
27
4
b
30 2 13. V(r) 5 pr3
5 500a 3
90
4 4
a. V(10) 5 p(10)3 V(15) 5 p(15)3
5 500a b
1 2
3 3
3 4 4
500 5 p(1000) 5 p(3375)
5 L 3 3
9 4000
b. V(0) 5 500(1 2 0)2 5 500 L 5 p 5 4500p
3
500 Then, the average rate of change of volume with
V(60) 5 L
9 respect to radius is
The average rate of change of volume with respect DV 4500p 2 4000 3 p
to time from 0 min to 60 min is 5
500 Dr 15 2 10
DV 2 500 500p Q 9 2 83 R
5 9
Dt 60 2 0 5
28 5
(500)
5 9
5 100pa b
19
60
200 3
p cm3>cm
52 L>min 1900
27 5
3
c. Calculate Vr(t): b. First calculate Vr(r):
V(t 1 h) 2 V(t)
Vr(t) 5 lim V(r 1 h) 2 V(r)
hS0 h Vr(r) 5 lim
hS0 h
500a1 2 90 b 2 500a21 1 90 b
2 2
h)3 2 r34
t1h t 4
p3(r 1
5 lim 3
5 lim hS0 h
h
Q 3r2h 1 3rh2 1 h3 2 r3 R
hS0 4 3
3 p r 1
5 lim
hS0 h
3 p Q 3r h 1 3rh 1 h R
4 2 2 3
5 lim
hS0 h
5 lim pA3r2 1 3rh 1 h2 B
4 Cr(5) Cr(50) Cr(100)
hS0 3 100 100 100
52 2 52 2 52
(5) (50) (100)2
5 pA3r2 1 3r(0) 1 (0)2 B
4
3 100 100 1
52 52 52
5 4pr2 25 2500 100
Then, Vr(8) 5 4p(8)2 5 24 5 20.04 5 20.01
5 4p(64) These are the rates of change of the percentage with
5 256p cm3>cm respect to time at 5, 50, and 100 min. The percentage
14. This statement is always true. A cubic polynomial of carbon dioxide that is released per unit time from
function will have the form f(x) 5 ax3 1 bx2 1 the pop is decreasing. The pop is getting flat.
cx 1 d, a 2 0. So the derivative of this cubic is
f r(x) 5 3ax2 1 2bx 1 c, and since 3a 2 0, this 2.4 The Quotient Rule, pp. 9798
derivative is a quadratic polynomial function. For
example, if f(x) 5 x3 1 x2 1 1, 1. For x, a, b real numbers,
we get xaxb 5 xa1b
f r(x) 5 3x2 1 2x, For example,
and if x9x26 5 x3
f(x) 5 2x3 1 3x2 1 6x 1 2, Also,
we get Axa B b 5 xab
f r(x) 5 6x2 1 6x 1 6 For example,
x2a13b Ax2 B 3 5 x6
15. y 5 a2b , a, bPI Also,
x
xa
Simplifying, 5 xa2b, x 2 0
y 5 x2a13b2 (a2b) 5 xa14b xb
Then, For example,
yr 5 (a 1 4b)a14b21 x5
5 x2
16. a. f(x) 5 26x3 1 4x 2 5x2 1 10 x3
f r(x) 5 218x2 1 4 2 10x 2.
Then, f r(x) 5 218(3)2 1 4 2 10(3) Differentiate
and Simplify,
5 2188 Function Rewrite If Necessary
b. f r(3) is the slope of the tangent line to f(x) at
x2 1 3x
x 5 3 and the rate of change in the value of f(x) f(x) 5 ,
f(x) 5 x 1 3 f r(x) 5 1
x
with respect to x at x 5 3. x20
17. a. P(t) 5 100 1 120t 1 10t2 1 2t3 5
3x3 1
P(t) 5 100 1 120t 1 10t2 1 2t3 gr(x) 5 2x23

2
g(x) 5 ,x20 g(x) 5 3x3
x
P(0) 5 100 1 120(0) 1 10(0)2 1 2(0)3
1
5 100 bacteria h(x) 5
10x5
,
h(x) 5
1 25
x hr(x) 5
21 26
x
b. At 5 h, the population is 10 2
x20
P(5) 5 100 1 120(5) 1 10(5)2 1 2(5)3 8x3 1 6x
5 1200 bacteria y5 , dy
2x y 5 4x2 1 3 5 8x
dx
c. Pr(t) 5 120 1 20t 1 6t2 x20
At 5 h, the colony is growing at t2 2 9 ds
Pr(5) 5 120 1 20(5) 1 6(5)2 s5 ,t23 s5t13 51
t23 dt
5 370 bacteria> h
100
18. C(t) 5 ,t.2
t
Simplifying, C(t) 5 100t21.
100
Then, Cr(t) 5 2100t22 5 2 2 .
t

3. In the previous problem, all of these rational 3x 1 2
examples could be differentiated via the power rule 5. a. y 5 , x 5 23
x15
after a minor algebraic simplification. dy (x 1 5)(3) 2 (3x 1 2)(1)
A second approach would be to rewrite a rational 5
dx (x 1 5)2
example At x 5 23:
f(x) dy (2)(3) 2 (27)(1)
h(x) 5
A2B 2
g(x) 5
dx
using the exponent rules as 13
h(x) 5 f(x)(g(x))21, 5
4
and then apply the product rule for differentiation x3
(together with the power of a function rule to find b. y 5 2 ,x51
x 19
Ax2 1 9B A3x2 B 2 Ax3 B (2x)
hr(x).
dy
Ax2 1 9B 2
A third (and perhaps easiest) approach would be to 5
just apply the quotient rule to find hr(x). dx
(x 1 1)(1) 2 x(1) At x 5 1:
Ax 1 1B 2
4. a. hr(x) 5 dy (10)(3) 2 (1)(2)
A10B 2
5
1 dx
Ax 1 1B 2
5 28
5
(t 1 5)(2) 2 (2t 2 3)(1) 100
At 1 5B 2
b. hr(t) 5 7
5
13 25
At 1 5B 2
5 x2 2 25
c. y 5 2 ,x52
A2x2 2 1B A3x2 B 2 x3 A4xB x 1 25
2xAx2 1 25B 2 Ax2 2 25B (2x)
A2x2 2 1B 2
c. hr(x) 5 dy
Ax2 1 25B 2
5
2x 2 3x2
4 dx
A2x2 2 1B 2
5 At x 5 2:
Ax2 1 3B (0) 2 1(2x)
dy 4(29) 2 (221)(4)
A29B 2
5
Ax2 1 3B 2
d. hr(x) 5 dx
116 1 84
22x 5
Ax 1 3B 2
5 2 292
200
x(3x 1 5) 3x2 1 5x 5
A1 2 x B
e. y 5 2 5 841
1 2 x2
(6x 1 5)A1 2 x2 B 2 A3x2 1 5xB (22x)
(x 1 1)(x 1 2)
dy d. y 5 ,x54
A1 2 x2 B 2
5 (x 2 1)(x 2 2)
dx
x2 1 3x 1 2
6x 1 5 2 6x3 2 5x2 1 6x3 1 10x2 5 2
A1 2 x2 B 2
5 x 2 3x 1 2
dy (2x 1 3)Ax2 2 3x 1 2B
5x2 1 6x 1 5
Ax 2 1B 2 Ax 2 2B 2
5
A1 2 x2 B 2
5 dx
Ax2 1 3x 1 2B (2x 2 3)
Ax2 1 3B A2x 2 1B 2 Ax2 2 x 1 1B (2x)
Ax 2 1B 2 Ax 2 2B 2
dy 2
Ax2 1 3B 2
f. 5
dx
At x 5 4:
2x3 1 6x 2 x2 2 3 2 2x3 1 2x2 2 2x
(11)(6) 2 (30)(5)
Ax2 1 3B 2
5 dy
5
dx (9)(4)
x2 1 4x 2 3 84
Ax2 1 3B 2
5 52
36
7
52
3

x3 2(8)2
6. y 5 y5
x2 2 6 4
dy 3x2 Ax2 2 6B 2 x3 A2xB 5 32
Ax2 2 6B 2
5
dx So the curve has horizontal tangents at the points
At (3, 9): (0, 0) and (8, 32).
dy 3(9)(3) 2 (27)(6) x2 2 1
b. y 5 2
A3B 2
5
dx x 1x22
5 9 2 18 (x 2 1)(x 1 1)
5
5 29 (x 1 2)(x 2 1)
The slope of the tangent to the curve at (3, 9) is 29. x11
3x 5 ,x21
7. y 5 x12
x24 dy (x 1 2) 2 (x 1 1)
Ax 1 2B 2
dy 3(x 2 4) 2 3x 12 5
dx
Ax 2 4B Ax 2 4B 2
5 2 52
dx 1
Ax 1 2B 2
12
Slope of the tangent is 2 25. 5
12 12 dy
Therefore, 2 5 25 Curve has horizontal tangents when dx 5 0.
(x 2 4)
x 2 4 5 5 or x 2 4 5 25 No value of x will produce a slope of 0, so there
x 5 9 or x 5 21 are no horizontal tangents.
Points are Q 9, 275 R and Q 21, 35 R .
b
4t
10. p(t) 5 1000a1 1 2
5x 1 2 t 1 50
8. f(x) 5
b
x12 4At 2 1 50B 2 4t(2t)
At 2 1 50B 2
pr(t) 5 1000a
(x 1 2)(5) 2 (5x 1 2)(1)
Ax 1 2B 2
f r(x) 5
1000A200 2 4t 2 B
At 2 1 50B 2
8 5
Ax 1 2B 2
f r(x) 5
1000(196)
Since Ax 1 2B 2 is positive or zero for all xPR, pr(1) 5
A51B 2
5 75.36
8 1000(184)
.0 for x 2 22. Therefore, tangents to
A54B 2
(x 1 2)2 pr(2) 5 5 63.10
5x 1 2
the graph of f(x) 5 x 1 2 do not have a negative Population is growing at a rate of 75.4 bacteria per
slope. hour at t 5 1 and at 63.1 bacteria per hour at t 5 2.
2x2 x2 2 1
9. a. y 5 ,x24 11. y 5
x24 3x
dy (x 2 4)(4x) 2 A2x2 B (1) 1 1
5 x 2 x21
Ax 2 4B 2
5
dx 3 3
4x 2 16x 2 2x2
2
dy 1 1 22
5 5 1 x
(x 2 4)2 dx 3 3
2
2x 2 16x 1 1
5 5 1 2
(x 2 4)2 3 3x
2x(x 2 8) At x 5 2:
A2B 2 2 1
5
(x 2 4)2
dy y5
Curve has horizontal tangents when dx 5 0, or 3(2)
when x 5 0 or 8. At x 5 0: 1
5
0 2
y5 and
24
50 dy 1 1
5 1
At x 5 8: dx 3 3A2B 2

1 1 ax 1 b
5 1 14. f(x) 5
3 12 (x 2 1)(x 2 4)
5 (x 2 1)(x 2 4)(a)
Ax 2 1B 2 Ax 2 4B 2
5 f r(x) 5
12
(ax 1 b) 3(x 2 1)(x 2 4)4
So the equation of the tangent to the curve at x 5 2 is: d
1 5 dx
y 2 5 (x 2 2), or 5x 2 12y 2 4 5 0.
Ax 2 1B 2 Ax 2 4B 2
2
2 12
10(6 2 t) (x 2 1)(x 2 4)(a)
12. a. s(t) 5 , 0 # t # 6, t 5 0,
Ax 2 1B 2 Ax 2 4B 2
5
t13
s(0) 5 20 (ax 1 b)3(x 2 1) 1 (x 2 4)4
Ax 2 1B 2 Ax 2 4B 2
The boat is initially 20 m from the dock. 2
b. v(t) 5 sr(t) 5 10 c d
(t 1 3)(21) 2 (6 2 t)(1) 2
(x 2 5x 1 4)(a) 2 (ax 1 b)(2x 2 5)
At 1 3B 2
5
(x 2 1)2 (x 2 4)2
290 2
2ax 2 2bx 1 4a 1 5b
At 1 3B 2
v(t) 5 5
(x 2 1)2 (x 2 4)2
At t 5 0, v(0) 5 210, the boat is moving towards Since the point (2, 21) is on the graph (as its on
the dock at a speed of 10 m> s. When s(t) 5 0, the the tangent line) we know that
boat will be at the dock. 21 5 f(2)
10(6 2 t) 2a 1 b
5 0, t 5 6. 5
t13 (1)(22)
290 10 2 5 2a 1 b
v(6) 5 2 5 2
9 9 b 5 2 2 2a
The speed of the boat when it bumps into the dock Also, since the tangent line is horizontal at (2, 21),
is 109 m> s. we know that
13. a. i. t 5 0 0 5 f r(2)
1 1 2(0) 2aA2B 2 2 2b(2) 1 4a 1 5b
r(0) 5
A1B 2 A22B 2
110 5
5 1 cm b50
1 1 2t 0 5 2 2 2a
ii. 5 1.5
11t a51
1 1 2t 5 1.5(1 1 t) So we get
1 1 2t 5 1.5 1 1.5t x
f(x) 5
0.5t 5 0.5 (x 2 1)(x 2 4)
t 5 1s Since the tangent line is horizontal at the point
(1 1 t)(2) 2 (1 1 2t)(1) (2, 21), the equation of this tangent line is
A1 1 tB 2
iii. rr(t) 5
y 2 (21) 5 0(x 2 2), or y 5 21
2 1 2t 2 1 2 2t Here are the graphs of both f(x) and this horizontal
A1 1 tB 2
5
tangent line:
1 x
f (x) =
(x 1) (x 4)
A1 1 tB 2
5
y
1 8
A1 1 1B 2
rr(1.5) 5
6
1 4
5
4 2
5 0.25 cm> s x
b. No, the radius will never reach 2 cm, because 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
2 y =1
y 5 2 is a horizontal asymptote of the graph of the
4
function. Therefore, the radius approaches but never
6
equals 2 cm.
A2t 2 1 7B (5) 2 (5t)(4t) 2.5 The Derivatives of Composite
A2t 2 1 7B 2
15. cr(t) 5
Functions, pp. 105106
10t 2 1 35 2 20t 2
5
A2t 2 1 7B 2 1. f(x) 5 !x, g(x) 5 x2 2 1
210t 2 1 35 a. f(g(1)) 5 f(1 2 1)
A2t 2 1 7B 2
5 5 f(0)
50
Set cr(t) 5 0 and solve for t.
b. g(f(1)) 5 g(1)
210t 2 1 35
50 50
(2t 2 1 7)2 c. g(f(0)) 5 g(0)
210t 2 1 35 5 0 5021
10t 2 5 35 5 21
t 2 5 3.5 d. f(g(24)) 5 f(16 2 1)
t 5 6"3.5 5 f(15)
t 8 61.87 5 !15
To two decimal places, t 5 21.87 or t 5 1.87, e. f(g(x)) 5 f Ax2 2 1B
because sr(t) 5 0 for these values. Reject the
negative root in this case because time is positive 5 "x2 2 1
(t $ 0). Therefore, the concentration reaches its f. g(f(x)) 5 gA !xB
maximum value at t 5 1.87 hours. 5 A !xB 2 2 1
16. When the object changes direction, its velocity 5x21
changes sign. 2. a. f(x) 5 x2, g(x) 5 !x
At 2 1 8B (1) 2 t(2t) (f + g)(x) 5 f(g(x))
At 2 1 8B 2
sr(t) 5
5 f A !xB
t 1 8 2 2t 2
2
5 5 A !xB 2
(t 2 1 8)2
5x
Domain 5 5x $ 06
2t 2 1 8
5 2
(t 1 8)2 (g + f)(x) 5 g(f(x))
5 gAx2 B
solve for t when sr(t) 5 0.
2t 2 1 8
At 2 1 8B 2
50 5 "x2
2t 2 1 8 5 0 5 Zx Z
t2 5 8 Domain 5 5xPR6
t 5 6"8 The composite functions are not equal for negative
t 8 62.83 x-values (as (f + g) is not defined for these x), but
To two decimal places, t 5 2.83 or t 5 22.83, are equal for non-negative x-values.
because sr(t) 5 0 for these values. Reject the 1
b. f(x) 5 , g(x) 5 x2 1 1
negative root because time is positive (t $ 0). x
The object changes direction when t 5 2.83 s. (f + g)(x) 5 f(g(x))
ax 1 b d 5 f Ax2 1 1B
17. f(x) 5 ,x22 1
cx 1 d c 5 2
(cx 1 d)(a) 2 (ax 1 b)(c) x 11
f r(x) 5
Acx 1 dB 2 Domain 5 5xPR6
ad 2 bc (g + f)(x) 5 g(f(x))
Acx 1 dB 2
f r(x) 5
5 ga b
1
For the tangents to the graph of y 5 f(x) to have x
positive slopes, f r(x) . 0. (cx 1 d)2 is positive for
5a b 11
1 2
all xPR. ad 2 bc . 0 will ensure each tangent has x
a positive slope.

5
1
11
c. h(x) 5 A2x2 1 3x 2 5B 4
x2 hr(x) 5 4A2x2 1 3x 2 5B 3 (4x 1 3)
Domain 5 5x 2 06 d. f(x) 5 Ap2 2 x2 B 3
The composite functions are not equal here. For f r(x) 5 3Ap2 2 x2 B 2 (22x)
instance, (f + g)(1) 5 12 and (g + f )(1) 5 2. 5 26xAp2 2 x2 B 2
c. f(x) 5 , g(x) 5 !x 1 2
1 e. y 5 "x2 2 3
5 Ax2 2 3B 2
1
x
( f + g)(x) 5 f(g(x))
yr 5 Ax2 2 3B 2 (2x)
1 1
5 f( !x 1 2) 2
1 x
5
5
!x 1 2 "x 2 3
2
Domain 5 5x . 226 1
Ax 2 16B 5
f. f(x) 5 2
(g + f)(x) 5 g(f(x))
5 Ax2 2 16B 25
5 ga b
1
x f r(x) 5 25Ax2 2 16B 26 (2x)
210x
Ax 2 16B 6
1 5 2
x
5 12
2
The domain is all x such that 5. a. y 5 2 3
1 x
12$0 and x 2 0, or equivalently 5 22x23
x
Domain 5 5x # 2 12 or x . 06 dy
5 (22)(23)x24
The composite functions are not equal here. For dx
instance, ( f + g)(2) 5 12 and (g + f )(2) 5 # 52. 5 4
6
3. If f(x) and g(x) are two differentiable functions x
of x, and 1
b. y 5
h(x) 5 (f + g)(x) x11
5 f(g(x)) 5 (x 1 1)21
is the composition of these two functions, then dy
5 (21)(x 1 1)22 (1)
hr(x) 5 f r(g(x)) ? gr(x) dx
This is known as the chain rule for differentiation of 21
Ax 1 1B 2
composite functions. For example, if f(x) 5 x10 and 5
g(x) 5 x2 1 3x 1 5, then h(x) 5 Ax2 1 3x 1 5B 10, 1
and so c. y 5 2
x 24
hr(x) 5 f r(g(x)) ? gr(x) 5 Ax2 2 4B 21
5 10Ax2 1 3x 1 5B 9 (2x 1 3) dy
5 (21)Ax2 2 4B 22 (2x)
2
As another example, if f(x) 5 x3 and
g(x) 5 x2 1 1, then h(x) 5 Ax2 1 1B 3,
2 dx
22x
Ax 2 4B 2
and so 5 2
hr(x) 5 Ax2 1 1B 23 (2x)
2 1
5 3A9 2 x2 B 21
3
3 d. y 5
9 2 x2
4. a. f(x) 5 (2x 1 3)4
dy 6x
f r(x) 5 4A2x 1 3B 3 (2)
A9 2 x2 B 2
5
5 8A2x 1 3B 3 dx
b. g(x) 5 Ax2 2 4B 3
gr(x) 5 3Ax2 2 4B 2 (2x)
5 6xAx2 2 4B 2

e. y 5
1 b. y 5 Ax2 1 3B 3 Ax3 1 3B 2
2
5x 1 x
3Ax 1 3B 34 ? Ax3 1 3B 2
dy d 2
5 A5x2 1 xB 21
5
dx dx
dy
1 Ax2 1 3B 3 ? 3Ax 1 3B 24
5 (21)A5x2 1 xB 22 (10x 1 1) d 3
dx dx
10x 1 1 5 3Ax2 1 3B 2 (2x)Ax3 1 3B 2
A5x 1 xB 2
52 2
1 Ax2 1 3B 3 (2)Ax3 1 3BA3x2 B
1 5 6xAx2 1 3B 2 Ax3 1 3B 3Ax3 1 3B 1 xAx2 1 3B4
Ax 1 x 1 1B 4
f. y 5 2
5 6xAx2 1 3B 2 Ax3 1 3B A2x3 1 3x 1 3B
5 Ax2 1 x 1 1B 24 3x2 1 2x
dy c. y 5 2
5 (24)Ax2 1 x 1 1B 25 (2x 1 1) x 11
dx
8x 1 4 dy A6x 1 2B Ax2 1 1B 2 A3x2 1 2xBA2xB
Ax2 1 1B 2
5
Ax 1 x 1 1B 5
52 2 dx
h5g+f 6x 1 2x 1 6x 1 2 2 6x3 2 4x2
3 2
6.
Ax2 1 1B 2
5
5 g(f(x))
2
h(21) 5 g(f(21)) 22x 1 6x 1 2
Ax2 1 1B 2
5
5 g(1)
5 24 d. h(x) 5 x3 A3x 2 5B 2
3x 4 ? A3x 2 5B 2 1 x3 3A3x 2 5B 24
h(x) 5 g(f(x)) d 3 d
hr(x) 5
hr(x) 5 gr(f(x))f r(x) dx dx
hr(21) 5 gr(f(21))f r(21) 5 3x2 A3x 2 5B 2 1 x3 (2)(3x 2 5)(3)
5 gr(1)(25) 5 3x2 (3x 2 5)3(3x 2 5) 1 2x4
5 (27)(25) 5 3x2 (3x 2 5)(5x 2 5)
5 35 5 15x2 (3x 2 5)(x 2 1)
1 e. y 5 x A1 2 4x2 B 3
4
7. f(x) 5 (x 2 3)2, g(x) 5 , h(x) 5 f(g(x)),
3x 4A1 2 4x2 B 3 1 x4 ? 3A1 2 4x2 B 34
x dy d 4 d
1 5
f r(x) 5 2(x 2 3), gr(x) 5 2 2 dx dx dx
x 5 4x3 A1 2 4x2 B 3 1 x4 (3)A1 2 4x2 B 2 A28xB
5 4x3 A1 2 4x2 B 2 3A1 2 4x2 B 2 6x24
hr(x) 5 f r(g(x))gr(x)
5 f ra b a2 2 b 5 4x3 A1 2 4x2 B 2 A1 2 10x2 B

1 1
x x
f. y 5 a 2 b
x2 2 3 4
5 2a 2 3b a2 2 b
1 1
x 13
x x
b c d
dy x2 2 3 3 d x2 2 3
5 2 2 a 2 3b
2 1 5 4a 2
x x dx x 1 2 dx x2 1 3
8. a. f(x) 5 Ax 1 4B 3 Ax 2 3B 6 x2 2 3 3 Ax2 1 3B (2x) 2 Ax2 2 3B (2x)
b ?
Ax2 1 3B 2
5 4a 2
x 13
3Ax 1 4B 34 ? Ax 2 3B 6
d
f r(x) 5
b ? 2
dx x2 2 3 3 12x
Ax 1 3B 2
5 4a 2
1 Ax 1 4B 3 3Ax 2 3B 64
d
x 13
dx
5 3Ax 1 4B 2 Ax 2 3B 6
48xAx2 2 3B 3
Ax2 1 3B 5
5
1 Ax 1 4B 3 (6)Ax 2 3B 5
5 Ax 1 4B 2 Ax 2 3B 5
1 2
9. a. s(t) 5 t3 (4t 2 5)3
3 33(x 2 3) 1 6(x 1 4)4 5 t3 3(4t 2 5)24 3
1 1
5 Ax 1 4B 2 Ax 2 3B 5 (9x 1 15) 5 3t(4t 2 5)24 3

1
5 3t A16t2 2 40t 1 25B4 3

1
5 A16t3 2 40t2 1 25tB 3, t 5 8

1

y 5 Ax3 2 7B 5 at x 5 2
sr(t) 5 A16t3 2 40t2 1 25tB 23
1 2 12.
5 5Ax3 2 7B 4 A3x2 B
3 dy
3 A48t2 2 80t 1 25B dx
A48t2 2 80t 1 25B When x 5 2,
5 2
dy
3A16t3 2 40t2 1 25tB 3 5 5(1)4 (12)
Rate of change at t 5 8: dx
(48(8)2 2 80(8) 1 25) 5 60
sr(8) 5 2
3(16(8)3 2 40(8)2 1 25(8))3 Slope of the tangent is 60.
2457 Equation of the tangent at (2, 1) is
5 y 2 1 5 60(x 2 2)
972
91 60x 2 y 2 119 5 0.
5 13. a. y 5 3u2 2 5u 1 2
36
1 u 5 x2 2 1, x 5 2
b. s(t) 5 a b , t 5 2p
t2p 3
u53
t 2 6p
dy du
5 6u 2 5, 5 2x
2
1 t 2 p 23 d t 2 p
sr(t) 5 a b ? c d du dx
3 t 2 6p dt t 2 6p dy dy du
2
5 3
5 a b ?
1 t 2 6p 3 (t 2 6p) 2 (t 2 p) dx du dx
3 t2p (t 2 6p)2 5 (6u 2 5)(2x)
2
5 (18 2 5)(4)
5 a b ?
1 t 2 6p 3 25p
3 t2p (t 2 6p)2 5 13(4)
Rate of change at t 5 2p: 5 52
1
1 2 25p b. y 5 2u3 1 3u2, u 5 x 1 x2, x 5 1

sr(2p) 5 (24)3 ? dy dy du
3 16p2 5 ?
3 dx du dx
5"2
52
b
24p 1
5 (6u2 1 6u)a1 1
10. y 5 A1 1 x3 B 2 y 5 2x6 2!x
At x 5 1:
5 2A1 1 x3 B (3x2 )
dy dy
5 12x5 u 5 1 1 12
1
dx dx
For the same slope, 52
6x2 A1 1 x3 B 5 12x5 dy 1
b
2 !1
5 (6(2)2 1 6(2))a1 1
6x2 1 6x5 5 12x5 dx
6x2 2 6x5 5 0 3
5 36 3
6x2 Ax3 2 1B 5 0 2
x 5 0 or x 5 1. 5 54
Curves have the same slope at x 5 0 and x 5 1. c. y 5 uAu2 1 3B 3, u 5 (x 1 3)2, x 5 22
11. y 5 A3x 2 x2 B 22 dy
5 Au2 1 3B 3 1 6u2 Au2 1 3B 2,
du
5 2(x 1 3)
5 22A3x 2 x2 B 23 (3 2 2x)
dy du dx
5 373 1 6(4)2432(1)4
dx dy dy du
5
At x 5 2, dx du dx
dy 5 439 3 2
5 2236 2 44 23 (3 2 4) 5 878
dx
5 2(2)23 d. y 5 u3 2 5Au3 2 7uB 2,
1 u 5 "x
5 1
4 5 x2, x 5 4
The slope of the tangent line at x 5 2 is 41. dy dy du
5 ?
dx du dx

b. h(x) 5 x(2x 1 7)4 (x 2 1)2
5 333u2 2 10Au3 2 7uB A3u2 2 7B4 ? a x2 b
1 1
2 Using the result from part a.,
hr(x) 5 (1)(2x 1 7)4 (x 2 1)2
5 33u2 2 10Au3 2 7uB A3u2 2 7B4 ?
1
1 x34(2x 1 7)3 (2)4 (x 2 1)2
1 x(2x 1 7)4 32(x 2 1)4
2"x
At x 5 4:
u 5 "4 hr(23) 5 1(16) 1 (23)34(1)(2)4 (16)
52 1 (23)(1)32(24)4
5 16 2 384 1 24
5 33(2)2 2 10( (2)3 2 7(2))(3(2)2 2 7)4
dy 1
5 2344
18. y 5 Ax2 1 x 2 2B 3 1 3
dx 2(2)
5 78
dy
14. h(x) 5 f(g(x)), therefore 5 3Ax2 1 x 2 2B 2 (2x 1 1)
hr(x) 5 f r(g(x)) 3 gr(x) dx
f(u) 5 u2 2 1, g(2) 5 3, gr(2) 5 21 At the point (1, 3), x 5 1 and the slope of the
Now, hr(2) 5 f r(g(2)) 3 gr(2) tangent will be 3(1 1 1 2 2)2 (2 1 1) 5 0.
5 f r(3) 3 gr(2). Equation of the tangent at (1, 3) is y 2 3 5 0.
Since f(u) 5 u2 2 1, f r(u) 5 2u, and f r(3) 5 6, Solving this equation with the function, we have
hr(2) 5 6(21) Ax2 1 x 2 2B 3 1 3 5 3
5 26. (x 1 2)3 (x 2 1)3 5 0
x 5 22 or x 5 1
15. V(t) 5 50 000a1 2 b
t 2
Since 22 and 1 are both triple roots, the line with
30 equation y 2 3 5 0 will be a tangent at both x 5 1
Vr(t) 5 50 000 c2a1 2 b a2 b d
t 1 and x 5 22. Therefore, y 2 3 5 0 is also a tangent
30 30 at (22, 3).
x2 (1 2 x)3
Vr(10) 5 50 000 c2a1 2 b a2 b d
10 1
19. y 5
30 30 (1 1 x)3
5 x2 c a bd
12x 3
5 50 000 c2a b a2 b d
2 1
3 30 11x
b 1 3x2 a b
8 2222 dy 12x 3 12x 2
At t 5 10 minutes, the water is flowing out of the 5 2xa
dx 11x 11x
tank at a rate of 2222 L> min.
3 c d
2 (1 1 x) 2 (1 2 x)(1)
16. The velocity function is the derivative of the
(1 1 x)2
position function.
s(t) 5 At 3 1 t 2 B 2 12x 3
b 1 3x2 a
12x 2
b c
22
d
1
5 2xa
11x 11x (1 1 x)2
v(t) 5 sr(t) 5 At 3 1 t 2 B 22 A3t 2 1 2tB
1 1
b c d
2 12x 2 12x 3x
5 2xa 2
3t 2 1 2t 11x 11x (1 1 x)2
5
b c d
2"t 3 1 t 2 1 2 x 2 1 2 x2 2 3x
5 2xa
3(3)2 1 2(3) 11x (1 1 x)2
v(3) 5
2"33 1 32 2xAx2 1 3x 2 1B (1 2 x)2
52
27 1 6 (1 1 x)4
5
2"36
5
33 Review Exercise, pp. 110113
12 1. To find the derivative f r(x), the limit
5 2.75 f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
The particle is moving at 2.75 m/s. f r(x) 5 lim
hS0 h
17. a. h(x) 5 p(x)q(x)r(x)
must be computed, provided it exists. If this limit
hr(x) 5 pr(x)q(x)r(x) 1 p(x)qr(x)r(x)
does not exist, then the derivative of f (x) does not
1 p(x)q(x)rr(x)

exist at this particular value of x. As an alternative 3. a. y 5 x2 2 5x 1 4
to this limit, we could also find f r(x) from the dy
definition by computing the equivalent limit 5 2x 2 5
dx
f(z) 2 f(x) 3
f r(x) 5 lim . b. f(x) 5 x4

zSx z2x
3 1
These two limits are seen to be equivalent by f r(x) 5 x24
substituting z 5 x 1 h. 4
2. a. y 5 2x2 2 5x 3
5 14
dy (2(x 1 h)2 2 5(x 1 h)) 2 A2x2 2 5xB 4x
5 lim 7
dx hS0 h c. y 5 4
2A(x 1 h)2 2 x2 B 2 5h 3x
5 lim 7
hS0 h 5 x24
2((x 1 h) 2 x)((x 1 h) 1 x) 2 5h 3
5 lim dy 228 25
hS0 h 5 x
2h(2x 1 h) 2 5h dx 3
5 lim 28
hS0 h 52 5
5 lim (2(2x 1 h) 2 5) 3x
hS0 1
5 4x 2 5 d. y 5 2
x 15
b. y 5 !x 2 6 5 Ax2 1 5B 21
dy !(x 1 h) 2 6 2 !x 2 6 dy
5 lim 5 (21)Ax2 1 5B 22 ? (2x)
dx hS0 h dx
!(x 1 h) 2 6 2 !x 2 6 2x
5 lim c 52 2
Ax 1 5B 2
hS0 h
!(x 1 h) 2 6 1 !x 2 6
3
d A3 2 x2 B 2
e. y 5
!(x 1 h) 2 6 1 !x 2 6
3
5 3A3 2 x2 B 22
( (x 1 h) 2 6) 2 (x 2 6)
5 (26)A3 2 x2 B 23 ? (22x)
dy
hS0 h( !(x 1 h) 2 6 1 !x 2 6)
5 lim
dx
1 12x
hS0 !(x 1 h) 2 6 1 !x 2 6
5 lim
A3 2 x2 B 3
5
f. y 5 "7x2 1 4x 1 1
1
2 !x 2 6
5
5 A7x2 1 4x 1 1B 2
1
x
5 A7x2 1 4x 1 1B 22 A14x 1 4B
c. y 5 dy 1 1
42x
dx 2
x1h x
2 7x 1 2
5
"7x2 1 4x 1 1
dy 4 2 (x 1 h) 42x
5 lim
dx hS0 h 2x3 2 1
(x 1 h)(4 2 x) 2 x(4 2 (x 1 h)) 4. a. f(x) 5
x2
(4 2 (x 1 h))(4 2 x) 1
5 lim 5 2x 2 2
hS0 h x
4h 5 2x 2 x22
5 lim
hS0 h(4 2 (x 1 h))(4 2 x) f r(x) 5 2 1 2x23
4 2
5 lim 521 3
hS0 (4 2 (x 1 h))(4 2 x) x
4
5
(4 2 x)2

b. g(x) 5 !xAx3 2 xB (2x 2 5)4
c. y 5
5 x2 Ax3 2 xB (x 1 1)3
1
7
5 x2 2 x2
3 (x 1 1)34(2x 2 5)3 (2)
yr 5
7 5 3 1 (x 1 1)6
gr(x) 5 x2 2 x2 3(2x 2 5)4 (x 1 1)2
2 2 2
!x 2 (x 1 1)6
5 A7x 2 3B (x 1 1)2 (2x 2 5)3 38x 1 8 2 6x 1 154
2 5
x (x 1 1)6
c. y 5 3
(2x 2 5) (2x 1 23)
3x 2 5 yr 5
dy (3x 2 5)(1) 2 (x)(3) (x 1 1)4
5
d. y 5 a b 5 (10x 2 1)6 (3x 1 5)26
dx (3x 2 5)2 10x 2 1 6
5 3x 1 5
52
(3x 2 5)2 yr 5 (10x 2 1)6 326(3x 1 5)27 (3)4
1 1 6(10x 2 1)5 (10)(3x 1 5)26
d. y 5 (x 2 1)2 (x 1 1)
5 (10x 2 1)5 (3x 1 5)27 3x 2 18(10x 2 1)4
yr 5 (x 2 1)2 1 (x 1 1)a b (x 2 1)22
1 1 1
1 60(3x 1 5)
2
5 (10x 2 1)5 (3x 1 5)27
5 !x 2 1 1
x11
3 (2180x 1 18 1 180x 1 300)
2!x 2 1 318(10x 2 1)5
2x 2 2 1 x 1 1 5
5 (3x 1 5)7
2!x 2 1 e. y 5 (x 2 2)3 Ax2 1 9B 4
5
3x 2 1 yr 5 (x 2 2)3 C4Ax2 1 9B 3 (2x)D
2!x 2 1 1 3(x 2 2)2 (1)Ax2 1 9B 4
e. f(x) 5 A !x 1 2B 23 5 (x 2 2)2 Ax2 1 9B 3 C8x(x 2 2) 1 3Ax2 1 9B D
2
5 (x 2 2)2 Ax2 1 9B 3 A11x2 2 16x 1 27B

1 2
5 ( x2 1 2) 23
f r(x) 5
22 12
(
5 1
x 1 2) 23 # x2 2
1
f. y 5 A1 2 x2 B 3 (6 1 2x)23
3 2
5a b
1 2 x2 3
1 6 1 2x
3 !xA !x 1 2B 3
52 5
b
1 2 x2 2
x2 1 5x 1 4 yr 5 3a
f. y 5 6 1 2x
x14
(6 1 2x)(22x) 2 A1 2 x2 B (2)
5
(x 1 4)(x 1 1) 3 c d
x14 (6 1 2x)2
5 x 1 1, x 2 24 3A1 2 x2 B 2 A212x 2 4x2 2 2 1 2x2 B
5
dy (6 1 2x)4
51
dx 3A1 2 x B A2x2 1 12x 1 2B
2 2
52
5. a. y 5 x4 (2x 2 5)6 (6 1 2x)4
yr 5 x4 36(2x 2 5)5 (2)4 1 4x3 (2x 2 5)6 3A1 2 x2 B 2 Ax2 1 6x 1 1B
5 4x3 (2x 2 5)5 33x 1 (2x 2 5)4 52
8(3 2 x)4
5 4x3 (2x 2 5)5 (5x 2 5) 2
5 20x3 (2x 2 5)5 (x 2 1) 6. a. g(x) 5 f(x )
gr(x) 5 f(x2 ) 3 2x
b. y 5 x"x2 1 1
b. h(x) 5 2xf(x)
yr 5 x c Ax2 1 1B 22 (2x)d 1 (1)"x2 1 1
1 1
hr(x) 5 2xf r(x) 1 2f(x)
2
18
1 "x2 1 1
x2 7. a. y 5 5u2 1 3u 2 1, u 5 2
5
"x2 1 1
x 15
x52
u52

dy 4
5 10u 1 3 5 22 ?
du 5
du 36x 8
Ax 1 5B 2
52 2 52
dx 5
8. f(x) 5 A9 2 x2 B 3
2
When x 5 2,
f r(x) 5 A9 2 x2 B 23 (22x)
du 72 8 2 1
52 52
dx 81 9 3
When u 5 2, 24x
5 1
dy 3(9 2 x2 )3
5 20 1 3
du 2
f r(1) 5 2
5 23 3
5 23a2 b
dy 8 The slope of the tangent line at (1, 4) is 2 23.
dx 9 9. y 5 2x3 1 6x2
184 yr 5 23x2 1 12x
52
9 23x2 1 12x 5 212 23x2 1 12x 5 215
!x 1 x
2
u14 x 2 4x 2 4 5 0 x2 2 4x 2 5 5 0
4 6 !16 1 16
b. y 5 ,u5 ,
u24 10
x5 (x 2 5)(x 1 1) 5 0
x54 2
3 4 6 4!2
u5 5 x 5 5, x 5 21
5 2
dy (u 2 4) 2 (u 1 4) x 5 2 6 2 !2
5
du (u 2 4)2
5 a x22 1 1b
du 1 1 1
dx 10 2
When x 5 4,
5 a b
8 du 1 5
52
(u 2 4)2 dx 10 4
1
5
8
3
When u 5 ,
5
dy 8
52
du
a 2 b
3 20 2 10. a. i. y 5 Ax2 2 4B 5
5 5 yr 5 5Ax2 2 4B 4 (2x)
8(25) Horizontal tangent,
52 10xAx2 2 4B 4 5 0
(217)2
When x 5 4, x 5 0, x 5 62
dy 8(25) 1 ii. y 5 Ax3 2 xB 2
5 3 yr 5 2Ax3 2 xB A3x2 2 1B
dx 172 8
25
Horizontal tangent,
5 2x(x2 2 1)(3x2 2 1) 5 0
289
!3
c. y 5 f("x2 1 9), f r(5) 5 22, x 5 4 x 5 0, x 5 61, x 5 6 .
3
5 f r("x2 1 9) 3 Ax2 1 9B 22 (2x)
dy 1 1
dx 2
dy 1 1
5 f r(5) ? ? ? 8
dx 2 5

b. i. Slope of x 1 5y 2 10 5 0 is 2 15.
Since perpendicular, 6x 2 7 5 5
x52
y 5 3(4) 2 14 1 5
5 3.
Equation of the tangent at (2, 3) is
y 2 3 5 5(x 2 2)
5x 2 y 2 7 5 0.
13. y 5 8x 1 b is tangent to y 5 2x2
dy
5 4x
dx
ii. Slope of the tangent is 8, therefore 4x 5 8, x 5 2.
Point of tangency is (2, 8).
Therefore, 8 5 16 1 b, b 5 28.
Or 8x 1 b 5 2x2
2x2 2 8x 2 b 5 0
8 6 !64 1 8b
x5 .
2(2)
For tangents, the roots are equal, therefore
64 1 8b 5 0, b 5 28.
Point of tangency is (2, 8), b 5 28.
14. a.
b.
11. a. y 5 Ax2 1 5x 1 2B 4 at (0, 16)
yr 5 4Ax2 1 5x 1 2B 3 (2x 1 5)
At x 5 0,
yr 5 4(2)3 (5)
5 160
Equation of the tangent at (0, 16) is The equation of the tangent is y 5 0.
y 2 16 5 160(x 2 0)
y 5 160x 1 16
or 160x 2 y 1 16 5 0
b. y 5 A3x22 2 2x3 B 5 at (1, 1)
yr 5 5A3x22 2 2x3 B 4 A26x23 2 6x2 B
At x 5 1,
yr 5 5(1)4 (26 2 6) The equation of the tangent is y 5 6.36.
5 260
y 2 1 5 260(x 2 1)
60x 1 y 2 61 5 0.
12. y 5 3x2 2 7x 1 5
dy
5 6x 2 7 The equation of the tangent is y 5 26.36.
dx

Ax2 2 6B A3x2 B 2 x3 (2x) 30x 5 30
Ax2 2 6B 2
c. f r(x) 5 x51
Therefore a 5 1.
x4 2 18x2
Ax 2 6B 2
5 2 16. M 5 0.1t2 2 0.001t3
a. When t 5 10,
x4 2 18x2
M 5 0.1(100) 2 0.001(1000)
Ax2 2 6B 2
50
59
x2 Ax2 2 18B 5 0 When t 5 15,
x2 5 0 or x2 2 18 5 0 M 5 0.1(225) 2 0.001(3375)
x50 x 5 63 !2 5 19.125
The coordinates of the points where the slope is 0 One cannot memorize partial words, so 19 words
are (0, 0), Q 3 !2, 9 !2 9 !2
2 R , and Q 23!2, 2 2 R .
are memorized after 15 minutes.
b. Mr 5 0.2t 2 0.003t2
d. Substitute into the expression for f r(x) from
When t 5 10,
part b.
Mr 5 0.2(10) 2 0.003(100)
16 2 72
f r(2) 5 5 1.7
(22)2
The number of words memorized is increasing by
1.7 words> min.
256
5
4 When t 5 15,
5 214 Mr 5 0.2(15) 2 0.003(225)
5 2.325
2.325 words> min.
30
17. a. N(t) 5 20 2
"9 1 t2
5 2
15. a. f(x) 5 2x3 2 5x3 30t
A9 1 t2 B 2
5 2 2 1 Nr(t) 5 3
f r(x) 5 2 3 x3 2 5 3 x3
3 3 b. No, according to this model, the cashier never
10 23 10 stops improving. Since t . 0, the derivative is always
5 x 2 13
3 3x positive, meaning that the rate of change in the
f(x) 5 0 6 x3 32x 2 54 5 0
2
cashiers productivity is always increasing. However,
5 these increases must be small, since, according to the
x 5 0 or x 5 model, the cashiers productivity can never exceed 20.
2
y 5 f(x) crosses the x-axis at x 5 52, and 1
18. C(x) 5 x3 1 40x 1 700
3
f r(x) 5 a 13 b
10 x 2 1
a. Cr(x) 5 x2 1 40
3 x
b. Cr(x) 5 76
f ra b 5
5 10 3 1
3 3 5 13 x2 1 40 5 76
2 3 2 Q2 R
x2 5 36
!
3
2 2 1 x56
!5 Production level is 6 gloves> week.
553 3 5 53 3 23
5 (25 3 2)3
1
x2 2
19. R(x) 5 750x 2 2 x3
5! 3 6 3
50
b. To find a, let f(x) 5 0. a. Marginal Revenue
10 23 x
10 Rr(x) 5 750 2 2 2x2
x 2 13 5 0 3
3 3x

b. Rr(10) 5 750 2
10
2 2(100) c. h(x) 5 " 3
(x 2 2)2
3 The graph has a cusp at (2, 0) but it is differentiable
5 $546.67 at x 5 1.
20 d. m(x) 5 Z3x 2 3 Z 2 1.
!p 2 1
20. D(p) 5 ,p.1
The graph has a corner at x 5 1, so m(x) is not
Dr(p) 5 20a2 b (p 2 1)22
1 3 differentiable at x 5 1.
2 3
23. a. f(x) 5 2
10 4x 2 x
52 3
(p 2 1)2 3
5
10 10 x(4x 2 1)
Dr(5) 5 52
"4 3 8 f(x) is not defined at x 5 0 and x 5 0.25. The
5 graph has vertical asymptotes at x 5 0 and
52 x 5 0.25. Therefore, f(x) is not differentiable at
4
Slope of demand curve at (5, 10) is 2 54. x 5 0 and x 5 0.25.
21. B(x) 5 20.2x2 1 500, 0 # x # 40 x2 2 x 2 6
b. f(x) 5
a. B(0) 5 20.2(0)2 1 500 5 500 x2 2 9
B(30) 5 20.2(30)2 1 500 5 320 (x 2 3)(x 1 2)
5
b. Br(x) 5 20.4x (x 2 3)(x 1 3)
Br(0) 5 20.4(0) 5 0 (x 1 2)
5 for x 2 3
Br(30) 5 20.4(30) 5 212 (x 1 3)
c. B(0) 5 blood sugar level with no insulin f(x) is not defined at x 5 3 and x 5 23. At
B(30) 5 blood sugar level with 30 mg of insulin x 5 23, the graph as a vertical symptote and at
Br(0) 5 rate of change in blood sugar level x 5 3 it has a hole. Therefore, f(x) is not
with no insulin differentiable at x 5 3 and x 5 23.
Br(30) 5 rate of change in blood sugar level c. f(x) 5 "x2 2 7x 1 6
5 !(x 2 6)(x 2 1)
with 30 mg of insulin
d. Br(50) 5 20.4(50) 5 220
f(x) is not defined for 1 , x , 6. Therefore,
B(50) 5 20.2(50)2 1 500 5 0
f(x) is not differentiable for 1 , x , 6.
Br(50) 5 220 means that the patients blood sugar
(t 1 1)(25) 2 (25t)(t)
level is decreasing at 20 units per mg of insulin 1 h 24. pr(t) 5
after 50 mg of insulin is injected. (t 1 1)2
B(50) 5 0 means that the patients blood sugar level 25t 1 25 2 25t
5
is zero 1 h after 50 mg of insulin is injected. These (t 1 1)2
values are not logical because a persons blood sugar 25
5
level can never reach zero and continue to decrease. (t 1 1)2
3x 25. Answers may vary. For example,
22. a. f(x) 5 f(x) 5 2x 1 3
1 2 x2
3x 1
5 y5
(1 2 x)(1 1 x) 2x 1 3
f(x) is not differentiable at x 5 1 because it is not (2x 1 3)(0) 2 (1)(2)
yr 5
defined there (vertical asymptote at x 5 1). (2x 1 3)2
x21 2
b. g(x) 5 2 52
x 1 5x 2 6 (2x 1 3)2
x21 f(x) 5 5x 1 10
5
(x 1 6)(x 2 1) 1
y5
1 5x 1 10
5 for x 2 1
(x 1 6) (5x 1 10)(0) 2 (1)(5)
yr 5
g(x) is not differentiable at x 5 1 because it is not (5x 1 10)2
defined there (hole at x 5 1).
5 28. a. f(x) 5 (2x 2 5)3 (3x2 1 4)5
52
(5x 1 10)2 f r(x) 5 (2x 2 5)3 (5)A3x2 1 4B 4 (6x)
1
Rule: If f(x) 5 ax 1 b and y 5 f (x), then 1 A3x2 1 4B 5 (3)(2x 2 5)2 (2)
5 30x(2x 2 5)3 A3x2 1 4B 4
2a 1 6(3x2 1 4)5 (2x 2 5)2
yr 5
(ax 1 b)2 5 6(2x 2 5)2 A3x2 1 4B 4
3 C5x(2x 2 5) 1 A3x2 1 4B D
yr 5 lim c d
1 1 1
5 6(2x 2 5)2 A3x2 1 4B 4
2
hS0 h a(x 1 h) 1 b ax 1 b
1 ax 1 b 2 3a(x 1 h)b4 3 A10x2 2 25x 1 3x2 1 4B
5 lim c d
hS0 h 3a(x 1 h) 1 b4 (ax 1 h) 5 6(2x 2 5)2 (3x2 1 4)4
3 (13x2 2 25x 1 4)
5 lim c d
1 ax 1 b 2 ax 2 ah 2 b
b. g(x) 5 (8x )(4x2 1 2x 2 3)5
3
hS0 h 3a(x 1 h) 1 b4 (ax 1 b)
gr(x) 5 (8x3 )(5)(4x2 1 2x 2 3)4 (8x 1 2)
5 lim c d
1 2ah 1 (4x2 1 2x 2 3)5 (24x2 )
hS0 h 3a(x 1 h) 1 b4 (ax 1 b) 5 40x3 (4x2 1 2x 2 3)4 (8x 1 2)
2a 1 24x2 (4x2 1 2x 2 3)5
hS0 3a(x 1 h) 1 b4 (ax 1 b)
5 lim 5 8x2 (4x2 1 2x 2 3)4 35x(8x 1 2)
2a 1 3(4x2 1 2x 2 3)4
5 5 8x2 (4x2 1 2x 2 3)4
(ax 1 b)2
26. a. Let y 5 f(x) (40x2 1 10x 1 12x2 1 6x 2 9)
(2x 2 3)2 1 5 5 8x2 (4x2 1 2x 2 3)4 (52x2 1 16x 2 9)
y5 c. y 5 (5 1 x)2 (4 2 7x3 )6
2x 2 3
yr 5 (5 1 x)2 (6)(4 2 7x3 )5 (221x2 )
Let u 5 2x 2 3.
1 (4 2 7x3 )6 (2)(5 1 x)
u2 1 5
Then y 5 . 5 2126x2 (5 1 x)2 (4 2 7x3 )5
u
1 2(5 1 x)(4 2 7x3 )6
y 5 u 1 5u21 5 2(5 1 x)(4 2 7x3 )5 3263x2 (5 1 x)
b. f r(x) 5
dy 1 4 2 7x34
dx 5 2(5 1 x)(4 2 7x3 )5 (4 2 315x2 2 70x3 )
dy dy du 6x 2 1
5 3 d. h(x) 5
dx du dx (3x 1 5)4
5 (1 2 5u22 )(2) (3x 1 5)4 (6) 2 (6x 2 1)(4)(3x 1 5)3 (3)
5 2(1 2 5(2x 2 3)22 ) hr(x) 5
((3x 1 5)4 )2
27. g(x) 5 !2x 2 3 1 5(2x 2 3) 6(3x 1 5) 3(3x 1 5) 2 2(6x 2 1)4
3
5
(3x 1 5)8
a. Let y 5 g(x). 6(29x 1 7)
y 5 !2x 2 3 1 5(2x 2 3) 5
(3x 1 5)5
Let u 5 2x 2 3. (2x2 2 5)3
e. y 5
Then y 5 !u 1 5u. (x 1 8)2
dy dy du dy (x 1 8)2 (3)(2x2 2 5)2 (4x)
A(x 1 8)2 B 2
b. gr(x) 5 5 3 5
dx du dx dx
(2x2 2 5)3 (2)(x 1 8)
5 a u 1 5b (2)
1 212
A(x 1 8)2 B 2
2
2
212
5 u 1 10 2(x 1 8)(2x2 2 5)2 36x(x 1 8) 2 (2x2 2 5)4
1
5 (2x 2 3)22 1 10 5
(x 1 8)4
2(2x2 2 5)2 (4x2 1 48x 1 5)
5
(x 1 8)3

23x4 In (1),
f. f(x) 5
"4x 2 8 4a 2 8a 5 16
23x4 24a 5 16
5 1
a 5 24
(4x 2 8)2
1
Using (1),
(4x 2 8)2 (212x3 ) b 5 28(24) 5 32
A(4x 2 8)2 B 2
f r(x) 5 1
a 5 24, b 5 32, c 5 0, f(x) 5 24x2 1 32x
30. a. A(t) 5 2t3 1 5t 1 750
(23x4 )a b (4x 2 8) 2 2 (4)
1 1
2 Ar(t) 5 23t2 1 5
A(4x 2 8)2 B 2
2 1 b. Ar(5) 5 23(25) 1 5
5 270
26x3 (4x 2 8)22 32(4x 2 8) 2 x4
1
5 At 5 h, the number of ants living in the colony is

4x 2 8 decreasing by 7000 ants> h.
26x3 (7x 2 16) c. A(0) 5 750, so there were 750 (100) or
5 3
(4x 2 8)2 75 000 ants living in the colony before it was
23x3 (7x 2 16) treated with insecticide.
5 3
(4x 2 8)2 d. Determine t so that A(t) 5 0. 2t3 1 5t 1 750
cannot easily be factored, so find the zeros by using
g. g(x) 5 a b
2x 1 5 4
6 2 x2 a graphing calculator.
b
2x 1 5 3
gr(x) 5 4a
6 2 x2
3a b
(6 2 x2 )(2) 2 (2x 1 5)(22x)
(6 2 x2 )2
b a b
2x 1 5 3 2(6 1 x2 1 5x)
5 4a
6 2 x2 (6 2 x2 )2 All of the ants have been killed after about 9.27 h.
b a b
2x 1 5 3 (x 1 2)(x 1 3)
5 8a
6 2 x2 (6 2 x2 )2 Chapter 2 Test, p. 114
h. y 5 c 2 3d
3
1 1. You need to use the chain rule when the derivative
(4x 1 x ) for a given function cannot be found using the sum,
5 (4x 1 x2 )29 difference, product, or quotient rules or when writing
dy the function in a form that would allow the use of
5 29(4x 1 x2 )210 (4 1 2x) these rules is tedious. The chain rule is used when
dx
29. f(x) 5 ax2 1 bx 1 c, a given function is a composition of two or more
It is given that (0, 0) and (8, 0) are on the curve, functions.
and f r(2) 5 16. 2. f is the blue graph (it's a cubic). f' is the red graph
Calculate f r(x) 5 2ax 1 b. (it is quadratic). The derivative of a polynomial
Then, function has degree one less than the derivative of
16 5 2a(2) 1 b the function. Since the red graph is a quadratic
4a 1 b 5 16 (1) (degree 2) and the blue graph is cubic (degree 3),
Since (0, 0) is on the curve, the blue graph is f and the red graph is f r.
0 5 a(0)2 1 b(0) 1 c f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
3. f(x) 5 lim
c50 hS0 h
Since (8, 0) is on the curve, x 1 h 2 (x 1 h)2 2 (x 2 x2 )
5 lim
0 5 a(8)2 1 b(8) 1 c hS0 h
0 5 64a 1 8b 1 0 x 1 h 2 (x2 1 2hx 1 h2 ) 2 x 1 x2
5 lim
8a 1 b 5 0 (2) hS0 h
Solve (1) and (2): h 2 2hx 2 h2
From (2), b 5 28a (1) 5 lim
hS0 h

h(1 2 2x 2 h) 6. y 5 3u2 1 2u
5 lim
hS0 h dy
5 6u 1 2
5 lim (1 2 2x 2 h) du
u 5 "x2 1 5
hS0
5 1 2 2x
d du 1 1
Therefore, (x 2 x2 ) 5 1 2 2x. 5 (x2 1 5)22 2x

dx dy 2
b
1 dy x
5 (6u 1 2)a
4. a. y 5 x3 2 3x25 1 4p
3 dx "x 1 5
2
dy At x 5 22, u 5 3.
5 x2 1 15x26
dx
5 (20)a2 b
b. y 5 6(2x 2 9)5 dy 2
dy dx 3
5 30(2x 2 9)4 (2) 40
dx 52
5 60(2x 2 9)4 3
2 x 3
7. y 5 (3x22 2 2x3 )5
c. y 5 1 1 6"
"x "3
x dy
5 5(3x22 2 2x3 )4 (26x23 2 6x2 )
1 1 1
dx
5 2x22 1 x 1 6x3
"3
At (1, 1),
dy
dy 3 1 2 5 5(1)4 (26 2 6)
5 2x22 1 1 2x23
"3
dx
dx
5 260.
d. y 5 a b
x2 1 6 5
3x 1 4 Equation of tangent line at (1, 1) is y 2 1 5 60(x 2 1)
b
dy x2 1 6 4 2x(3x 1 4) 2 (x2 1 6)3 y 2 1 5 260x 1 60
5 5a
dx 3x 1 4 (3x 1 4)2 60x 1 y 2 61 5 0.
5(x2 1 6)4 (3x2 1 8x 2 18)
5 1
(3x 1 4)6 8. P(t) 5 (t 4 1 3)3
e. y 5 x2 "3
6x2 2 7 Pr(t) 5 3(t 4 1 3)2 a t24 b
1 1 3
dy 1 1 2
4
5 2x(6x2 2 7)3 1 x2 (6x2 2 7)23 (12x)
Pr(16) 5 3(16 4 1 3)2 a 3 1624 b
dx 3 1 1 3
2
5 2x(6x2 2 7)23 ( (6x2 2 7) 1 2x2 ) 4
5 3(2 1 3)2 a 3 b
2
5 2x(6x2 2 7)23 (8x2 2 7) 1 1
4x5 2 5x4 1 6x 2 2 4 8
f. y 5 75
x4 5
5 4x 2 5 1 6x23 2 2x24 32
dy The amount of pollution is increasing at a rate of
5 4 2 18x24 1 8x25 75
dx 32 ppm>year.
4x5 2 18x 1 8 9. y 5 x4
5
x5 dy
5 4x3
5. y 5 (x2 1 3x 2 2)(7 2 3x) dx
dy 1
5 (2x 1 3)(7 2 3x) 1 (x2 1 3x 2 2)(23) 2 5 4x3
dx 16
At (1, 8),
dy
Normal line has a slope of 16. Therefore,
5 (5)(4) 1 (2)(23) dy 1
dx 52 .
dx 16
5 14.
1
The slope of the tangent to x3 5 2
y 5 (x2 1 3x 2 2)(7 2 3x) at (1, 8) is 14. 64

1 11. y 5 x2 1 ax 1 b
x52
4 dy
5 2x 1 a
1 dx
y5
256 y 5 x3
Therefore, y 5 x4 has a normal line with a slope of dy
5 3x2
16 at Q 2 14, 256
1
R. dx
10. y 5 x3 2 x2 2 x 1 1 Since the parabola and cubic function are tangent at
dy (1, 1), then 2x 1 a 5 3x2.
5 3x2 2 2x 2 1 At (1, 1) 2(1) 1 a 5 3(1)2
dx
dy a 5 1.
For a horizontal tangent line, dx 5 0.
Since (1, 1) is on the graph of
3x2 2 2x 2 1 5 0
y 5 x2 1 x 1 b, 1 5 12 1 1 1 b
(3x 1 1)(x 2 1) 5 0
b 5 21.
1
x52 or x51 The required values are 1 and 21 for a and b,
3 respectively.
1 1 1
y52 2 1 11 y51212111
27 9 3
50
21 2 3 1 9 1 27
5
27
32
5
27
The required points are Q 2 13, 32
27 ), (1, 0 R .

CHAPTER 2
Derivatives
b. slope 5
2 12
pp. 6263
52
1. a. a5 3 a3 5 a513 21
5 a8 c. slope 5 5
b. A22a2 B 3 5 (22)3 Aa2 B 3
3
5 28Aa233 B
3
52
5
5 28a6
21
4p 3 6p9
7
24p719 d. slope 5
c. 5 21
12p15 12p15
51
5 2p16215
24 2 (22)
4 25 26 22 23 2 9
5 a22b27 22
5
1 212
5 2 7 1
ab 5
5 (3)A24 BAe6 B Ae334 B
y 1 4 5 16 (x 1 3) or x 2 6y 2 21 5 0.
A3a B C2a (2b)3 D
24 3
(3)(2)A21B 3 Aa2413 B Ab3 B
12a5b2 12a5b2 y 1 5 5 32 (x 1 2) or 3x 2 2y 2 4 5 0.
26Aa 2125
5
12 21
21Aa B AbB
5 4
b 5. a. (x 2 3y)(2x 1 y) 5 2x2 1 xy 2 6xy 2 3y2
52 6
2a 5 2x2 2 5xy 2 3y2
2. a. Ax2 B Ax3 B 5 x2 1 3
1 2 1 2
2
b. (x 2 2)(x 2 3x 1 4)
5 x6
7
5 x3 2 3x2 1 4x 2 2x2 1 6x 2 8
b. A8x6 B 3 5 83x63 3 5 x3 2 5x2 1 10x 2 8
2 2 2
5 4x4 c. (6x 2 3)(2x 1 7) 5 12x2 1 42x 2 6x 2 21

"a "
1 1
5 12x2 1 36x 2 21
3
a ( a2)( a3)
5 d. 2(x 1 y) 2 5(3x 2 8y) 5 2x 1 2y 2 15x 1 40y
"a
c. 1
a2 5 213x 1 42y
1
5 a3 2
e. (2x 2 3y) 1 (5x 1 y) 2
21 f. 3x(2x 2 y)2 2 x(5x 2 y)(5x 1 y)
a. slope 5 2
5 3x(4x2 2 4xy 1 y2 ) 2 x(25x2 2 y2 )
3 5 12x3 2 12x2y 1 3xy2 2 25x3 1 xy2
3 5 213x3 2 12x2y 1 4xy2
52
2
3x(x 1 2) 5x3 15x4 (x 1 2) b. x2 1 4x 2 32 5 x2 1 8x 2 4x 2 32
6. a. 3 5
x2 2x(x 1 2) 2x3 (x 1 2) 5 x(x 1 8) 2 4(x 1 8)
15 5 (x 2 4)(x 1 8)
5 x423 c. 3a2 2 4a 2 7 5 3a2 2 7a 1 3a 2 7
2
15 5 a(3a 2 7) 1 1(3a 2 7)
5 x 5 (a 1 1)(3a 2 7)
2
d. x4 2 1 5 (x2 1 1)(x2 2 1)
x 2 0, 22
5 (x2 1 1)(x 1 1)(x 2 1)
y (y 2 5)2
b. 3 e. x 2 y 5 (x 2 y)(x2 1 xy 1 y2 )
3 3
(y 1 2)(y 2 5) 4y3
f. r4 2 5r 2 1 4 5 r4 2 4r 2 2 r 2 1 4
y(y 2 5)(y 2 5)
5 3 5 r 2 (r 2 2 4) 2 1(r 2 2 4)
4y (y 1 2)(y 2 5) 5 (r2 2 1)(r2 2 4)
y25 5 (r 1 1)(r 2 1)(r 1 2)(r 2 2)
5 2
y 2 22, 0, 5 50
c. 4 5 3
5
9(h 1 k) a2 1 ab 1 b2
8 a 2 bq a3 1 0a2 1 0a 2 b3
5
9 a3 2 a2b
h 2 2k
a2b 1 0a 2 b3
(x 1 y)(x 2 y) (x 1 y)3
d. 4 a2b 2 ab2
5(x 2 y) 10
ab2 2 b3
(x 1 y)(x 2 y) 10
5 3 ab2 2 b3
5(x 2 y) (x 1 y)3
0
10(x 1 y)(x 2 y)
5
5(x 2 y)(x 1 y)3 So a3 2 b3 5 (a 2 b)(a2 1 ab 1 b2 ).
(x 1 y)2
2x x21 2x(x 2 1) 2x(x 2 1)
x2 2 7x 2 x 1 7 1 10x2 5 (a 2 b)(a6 1 a5b 1 a4b2 1 a3b3
5 1 a2b4 1 ab5 1 b6 ).
2x(x 2 1)
2x(x 2 1)
1 a2bn23 1 abn22 1 bn21 ).
x 2 0, 1
9. a. f(2) 5 22(24 ) 1 3(22 ) 1 7 2 2(2)
x11 x12
f. 2 5 232 1 12 1 7 2 4
x22 x13 5 217
(x 1 1)(x 1 3) (x 1 2)(x 2 2) b. f(21) 5 22(21)4 1 3(21)2 1 7 2 2(21)
5 2
(x 2 2)(x 1 3) (x 1 3)(x 2 2) 5 22 1 3 1 7 1 2
x2 1 x 1 3x 1 3 2 x2 1 4 5 10
5
(x 1 3)(x 2 2)
c. f a b 5 22a b 1 3a b 1 7 2 2a b
1 1 4 1 2 1
4x 1 7 2 2 2 2
5
(x 1 3)(x 2 2) 1 3
x 2 23, 2 52 1 1721
8 4
7. a. 4k2 2 9 5 (2k 1 3)(2k 2 3) 53
5
8
3h2 1 10h
d. f(20.25) 5 f a2 b
1
5
4 h
5 3h 1 10
5 2a2 b 1 3a2 b 1 7 2 2a2 b
1 4 1 2 1
52 1 171 b. For h 5 0.01: 3(0.01) 1 10 5 10.03
128 16 2
128
8 7.68
!2 ( !2)( !2)
10. a. 5
5
!3 ( !3)(!3)
4!3 2 !6
3
2 1 3 !2 (2 1 3 !2)(3 1 4 !2)
3 2 4 !2 (3 2 4 !2)(3 1 4 !2)
c. 5
5

9 2 16(2)
30 1 17!2
23
(3!2 2 4 !3)(3 !2 2 4 !3)
5
(3 !2 1 4 !3)(3"2 2 4 !3)
d.
(3!2)2 2 24!6 1 (4 !3)2 3.
5
(3!2)2 2 (4!3)2 y y
4 4
9(2) 2 24!6 1 16(3)
5 2 2
9(2) 2 16(3) x x
66 2 24 !6 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
52 2 2
30 4 4
11 2 4 !6
52
5 4. a. f(x) 5 5x 2 2
11. a. f(x) 5 3x2 2 2x f(a 1 h) 5 5(a 1 h) 2 2
When a 5 2, 5 5a 1 5h 2 2
5
h h 5 5h
3(2 1 h) 2 2(2 1 h) 2 C3(2)2 2 2(2)D
2
b. f(x) 5 x2 1 3x 2 1
5 f(a 1 h) 5 (a 1 h)2 1 3(a 1 h) 2 1
h
3(4 1 4h 1 h2 ) 2 4 2 2h 2 8 5 a2 1 2ah 1 h2 1 3a
5 1 3h 2 1
h
12 1 12h 1 3h2 2 2h 2 12 f(a 1 h) 2 f(a) 5 a2 1 2ah 1 h2 1 3a 1 3h
5 2 1 2 (a2 1 3a 2 1)
h
5 2ah 1 h2 1 3h

c. f(x) 5 x3 2 4x 1 1 f(0 1 h) 2 f(0)
c. f r (0) 5 lim
f(a 1 h) 5 (a 1 h)3 2 4(a 1 h) 1 1 hS0 h
5 a3 1 3a2h 1 3ah2 1 h3 !h 1 1 2 !0 1 1
2 4a 2 4h 1 1 5 lim
hS0 h
!h 1 1 2 1
f(a 1 h) 2 f(a) 5 a3 1 3a2h 1 3ah2 1 h3 2 4a
2 4h 1 1 2 (a3 2 4a 1 1) 5 lim
5 3a2h 1 3ah2 1 h3 2 4h hS0 h
d. f(x) 5 x2 1 x 2 6 ( ! h 1 1 2 1)( ! h 1 1 1 1)
5 lim
f(a 1 h) 5 (a 1 h)2 1 (a 1 h) 2 6 hS0 h( ! h 1 1 1 1)
5 a2 1 2ah 1 h2 1 a 1 h 2 6
f(a 1 h) 2 f(a) 5 a2 1 2ah 1 h2 1 a 1 h 2 6
( "h 1 1) 2 2 1
5 lim
hS0 h( !h 1 1 1 1)
2 (a2 1 a 2 6)
5 2ah 1 h2 1 h h1121
hS0 h( !h 1 1 1 1)
5 lim
e. f(x) 5 27x 1 4
f(a 1 h) 5 27(a 1 h) 1 4 1
5 lim
hS0 ( !h 1 1 1 1)
5 27a 2 7h 1 4
f(a 1 h) 2 f(a) 5 27a 2 7h 1 4 2 (27a 1 4)
5 27h 1
5 lim
hS0 ( !1 1 1)
f. f(x) 5 4 2 2x 2 x2
f(a 1 h) 5 4 2 2(a 1 h) 2 (a 1 h)2 1
5
5 4 2 2a 2 2h 2 a2 2 2ah 2 h2 2
f(a 1 h) 2 f(a) 5 4 2 2a 2 2h 2 a2 2 2ah f(21 1 h) 2 f(21)
2 h2 2 4 1 2a 1 a2 d. f r(21) 5 lim
hS0 h
5 22h 2 h2 2 2ah 5 5
2 21
f(1 1 h) 2 f(1) 5 lim 21 1 h
5. a. f r (1) 5 lim hS0 h
hS0 h
(1 1 h)2 2 12 5
5 lim 21 1 h 1 5
hS0 h 5 lim
hS0 h
1 1 2h 1 h2 2 1
5 lim 5 5(21 1 h)
hS0 h 1 21 1 h
5 lim 21 1 h
2h 1 h2 hS0 h
5 lim
hS0 h 5 2 5 1 5h
5 lim (2 1 h) 5 lim
hS0 h(21 1 h)
hS0
5h
52 5 lim
hS0 h(21 1 h)
f(3 1 h) 2 f(3)
b. f r(3) 5 lim 5
hS0 h 5 lim
hS0 (21 1 h)
5 lim c
(3 1 h)2 1 3(3 1 h) 1 1
5
hS0 h 5
21
d
2
(3 1 3(3) 1 1)
2 5 25
h
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
9 1 6h 1 h2 1 9 1 3h 1 1 2 19 6. a. f r (x) 5 lim
5 lim hS0 h
hS0 h
25(x 1 h) 2 8 2 (25x 2 8)
9h 1 h2 5 lim
5 lim hS0 h
hS0 h
25x 2 5h 2 8 1 5x 1 8
5 lim (9 1 h) 5 lim
hS0 hS0 h
59

25h A !3x 1 3h 1 2 B 2 2 A !3x 1 2 B 2
5 lim
hA !3x 1 3h 1 2 1 !3x 1 2 B
5 lim
hS0 h hS0
5 lim 25
hS0 3x 1 3h 1 2 2 3x 2 2
hS0 hA !3x 1 3h 1 2 1 !3x 1 2B
5 lim
5 25
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x) 3
b. f r(x) 5 lim
hS0 !3x 1 3h 1 2 1 !3x 1 2
5 lim
hS0 h
5 lim c
2(x 1 h)2 1 4(x 1 h) 3
2 !3x 1 2
hS0 h 5
A2x2 1 4xB
5 f r(x) 5 lim
5 lim c
2x2 1 4xh 1 2h2 1 4x dx hS0 h
hS0 h 6 2 7(x 1 h) 2 (6 2 7x)
5 lim
d
4h 2 2x2 2 4x hS0 h
1
h 6 2 7x 2 7h 2 6 1 7x
5 lim
4xh 1 2h2 1 4h hS0 h
5 lim
hS0 h 27h
5 lim
5 lim (4x 1 2h 1 4) hS0 h
hS0
5 lim 27
5 4x 1 4 hS0
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x) 5 27
c. f r(x) 5 lim
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
5 lim c
6(x 1 h)3 2 7(x 1 h) dy
5 f r(x) 5 lim
hS0 h dx hS0 h
x1h11 x11
d
(6x3 2 7x) 2x21
2 x1h21
h 5 lim
hS0 h
5 lim c
6x3 1 18x2h 1 18xh2 1 6h3 (x 1 h 1 1)(x 2 1)
hS0 h
5 lim (x 1 h 2 1)(x 2 1)
d
27x 2 7h 2 6x3 1 7x hS0 h
1
h (x 1 1)(x 1 h 2 1)
18x2h 1 18xh2 1 6h3 2 7h (x 2 1)(x 1 h 2 1)
5 lim 2
hS0 h h
5 lim (18x 1 18xh 1 6h2 2 7)
2
x2 1 hx 1 x 2 x 2 h 2 1
hS0
5 lim
(x 1 h 2 1)(x 2 1)
5 18x2 2 7
hS0 h
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
d. f r(x) 5 lim
hS0 h x2 1 hx 2 x 1 x 1 h 2 1
!3(x 1 h) 1 2 2 !3x 1 2 (x 1 h 2 1)(x 2 1)
5 lim 2
hS0 h h
!3x 1 3h 1 2 2 !3x 1 2 22h
5 lim (x 1 h 2 1)(x 2 1)
hS0 h 5 lim
A !3x 1 3h 1 2 2 !3x 1 2 B
hS0 h
5 lim c 22
hS0 h 5 lim
hS0 (x 1 h 2 1)(x 2 1)
A !3x 1 3h 1 2 1 !3x 1 2B
d 2
A !3x 1 3h 1 2 1 !3x 1 2B
3 52
(x 2 1)2

dy f(x 1 h) 2 f(x) 12
5 f r(x) 5 lim
dx hS0 h 10
3(x 1 h)2 2 3x2 8
5 lim
hS0 h 6
3x2 1 6xh 1 3h2 2 3x2 4
5 lim
hS0 h 2
x
6xh 1 3h2
5 lim 6 4 2 0 2 4 6
hS0 h 2
5 lim 6x 1 3h 4
hS0
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x) f r(x) 5 lim
f r(x) 5 lim hS0 h
hS0 h (x 1 h)3 2 x3
2(x 1 h)2 2 4(x 1 h) 2 2x2 1 4x 5 lim
5 lim hS0 h
hS0 h x3 1 3x2h 1 3xh2 1 h3 2 x3
5 lim
5 lim c
2x 1 4xh 1 2h2 2 4x 2 4h
2
hS0 h
hS0 h 3x2h 1 3xh2 1 h3
5 lim
d
2
22x 1 4x
1 hS0 h
h 5 lim 3x2 1 3xh 1 h2
4xh 1 h2 2 4h hS0
5 lim 5 3x2
hS0 h
hS0 f r(22) 5 3(22)2
5 4x 2 4 5 12
f r(0) 5 4(0) 2 4 f r(21) 5 3(21)2
5 24 53
f r(1) 5 4(1) 2 4 f r(0) 5 3(0)2
50 50
f r(2) 5 4(2) 2 4 f r(1) 5 3(1)2
54 53
4 f r(2) 5 3(2)2
3 5 12
2 c. y
1 12
x 10
2 1 0 1 2 3 4
1 8
2 6
4
2
x
6 4 2 0 2 4 6
2

2 !x 1 1
5
s(t 1 h) 2 s(t)
sr(t) 5 lim 32 5 A !x 1 1B 2
hS0 h
95x11
2 (t 1 h)2 1 8(t 1 h) 2 (2t2 1 8t)
5 lim 85x
f(8) 5 !8 1 1
hS0 h
2t2 2 2th 2 h2 1 8t 1 8h 1 t2 2 8t
5 lim
hS0 h 5 !9
22th 2 h2 1 8h 53
hS0 h
5 22t 1 8 dy f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
dx hS0 h
sr(0) 5 22(0) 1 8
c2c
5 8 m>s 5 lim
hS0 h
0
sr(4) 5 22(4) 1 8 5 lim
hS0 h
5 0 m>s
sr(6) 5 22(6) 1 8 b. Let y 5 f(x), then
5 24 m>s dy f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
5 f r(x) 5 lim
11. f r(x) 5 lim (x 1 h) 2 x
hS0 h 5 lim
!x 1 h 1 1 2 !x 1 1
hS0 h
5 lim h
hS0 h 5 lim
hS0 h
A !x 1 h 1 1 2 !x 1 1 B
5 lim c 5 lim 1
hS0
hS0 h
51
A !x 1 h 1 1 1 !x 1 1 B
A !x 1 h 1 1 1 !x 1 1 B
3
dy f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
A !x 1 h 1 1 B 2 2 A !x 1 1 B 2
5 f r(x) 5 lim
dx hS0 h
hS0 hA !x 1 h 1 1 1 !x 1 1 B
5 lim
m(x 1 h) 1 b 2 mx 2 b
5 lim
x1h112x21 hS0 h
hS0 hA !x 1 h 1 1 1 !x 1 1B
5 lim
hS0 h
h
hS0 hA !x 1 h 1 1 1 !x 1 1B
5 lim mh
5 lim
hS0 h
1 5 lim m
A !x 1 h 1 1 1 !x 1 1 B
5 lim hS0
hS0
5m
2 !x 1 1
5
dy f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
5 f r(x) 5 lim
5 lim c
a(x 1 h)2 1 b(x 1 h) 1 c
f r(x) 5 16.
d
(ax2 1 bx 1 c)
2
h

5 lim c
d
2ax2 2 bx 2 c
h
hS0 h
lim2 5 lim2
f r(x) 5 lim
hS0 h 2h2
5 lim2
(x 1 h)3 2 x3 hS0 h
5 lim
hS0 h 5 lim2 (2h)
hS0
x 1 3x2h 1 3xh2 1 h3 2 x3
3
5 lim 50
hS0 h f(0 1 h) 2 f(0) (0 1 h)2 2 A02 B
3x h 1 3xh 1 h3
2 2 lim1 5 lim1
5 lim hS0 h hS0 h
hS0 h h2
5 lim 3x 1 3xh 1 h2
2 5 lim1
hS0 hS0 h
5 3x2
5 lim1 (h)
hS0
50
14. h(t) 5 18t 2 4.9t2
a. hr(t) 5 lim
kS0 k f(a 1 h) 2 f(a)
18(t 1 k) 2 4.9(t 1 k)2 6 5 lim
5 lim hS0 h
kS0 k f(a 1 h) 2 0
A18t 2 4.9t2 B 6 5 lim
hS0 h
2
k f(a 1 h)
18t 1 18k 2 4.9t 2 2 9.8tk 2 4.9k2 3 5 lim
5 lim hS0 2h
kS0 k 18. y
18t 1 4.9t2 6
2
k 4
18k 2 9.8tk 2 4.9k2 2
5 lim x
kS0 k
5 lim (18 2 9.8t 2 4.9k) 1 1 2 3 4 5
2
kS0
5 18 2 9.8t 2 4.9(0)
f(x) is continuous.
5 18 2 9.8t f(3) 5 2
Then hr(2) 5 18 2 9.8(2) 5 21.6 m>s. But f r(3) 5 `.
hS0 h

5 lim c
Ax 2 4x 2 5B
d
2
h
d
5 lim c
dx
hS0 h
Ax B 5 3x2
d 3
d
1 dx
h
A4x3 B 5 12x2
d
5 lim dx
hS0 h
Ax 1 xB 5 2x 1 1
d 2
hS0 dx
5 2x 1 0 2 4
Ax 2 x2 1 3xB 5 3x2 2 2x 1 3
d 3
dx
dx dx
dx dx
5 4Ax0 B 2 0
2x 2 4 5 2
x53
54
When x 5 3, y 5 (3)2 2 4(3) 2 5 5 28.
d d
20. f(x) 5 x2 dx dx
c. f r(x) 5 A2x2 B 1 (5x) 1 (8)
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x) d d d
f r 5 lim dx dx dx
hS0 h
5 2 Ax2 B 1 5 (x) 1
(x 1 h)2 2 x2 d d d
5 lim (8)
hS0 h dx dx dx
(x 1 h 1 x)(x 1 h 2 x) 5 2 (2x) 1 5 1 0
5 lim 5 22x 1 5
hS0 h
d. f r(x) 5 ("
d 3
h(2x 1 h) x)
5 lim dx
hS0 h
d 1
5 lim (2x 1 h) 5 ( x3 )
hS0 dx
5 2x 1 0 1 1
5 2x 5 ( x(3 21))
3
3
y 2 a2 5 (2a)(x 2 a) 1
y 5 (2a)x 2 a2 5 3 2
e. f r(x) 5 aa b b
d x 4
the tangent: dx 2
5a b Ax B
23 5 (2a)(1) 2 a2 1 4d 4
2
a 2 2a 2 3 5 0 2 dx
(a 2 3)(a 1 1) 5 0
5 A4x3 B
1
a 5 21, 3 16
2x 1 y 1 1 5 0 and y 5 6x 2 9 or 6x 2 y 2 9 5 0. 5
4

A5Ax2 B 4 B
d 23 d
f. f r(x) 5
dx
(x ) e. gr(x) 5
dx
5 (23)( x2321)
5 5 Ax234 B
d
5 23x24 dx
5 5 Ax8 B
d d
3. a. hr(x) 5 ((2x 1 3)(x 1 4))
dx dx
5 5A8x7 B
A2x2 1 8x 1 3x 1 12B
d
5
dx 5 40x7
A2x2 B 1 f. sr(t) 5 a b
d d d d t5 2 3t2
5 (11x) 1 (12)
dx dx dx dt 2t
5 2 Ax2 B 1 11 (x) 1
d d d
5 a b At 4 2 3tB
(12) 1 d
dx dx dx 2 dt
5 2(2x) 1 11(1) 1 0
5 a b a At4 B 2 (3t)b
1 d d
5 4x 1 11
2 dt dt
b. f r(x) 5 A2x3 1 5x2 2 4x 2 3.75B
d
5 a b a At4 B 2 3 (t)b
1 d d
dx
2 dt dt
A5x2 B 2
d d d
5 (2x3 ) 1 (4x)
5 a b A4t 3 2 3(1)B
dx dx dx 1
d 2
2 (3.75)
dx 3
5 2t 3 2
5 2 Ax3 B 1 5 Ax2 B 2 4 (x)
d d d 2
A3x3 B
dx dx dx dy d 5
4. a. 5
d dx dx
2 (3.75)
dx d 5
5 2A3x2 B 1 5(2x) 2 4(1) 2 0 5 3 ( x3)
dx
5 6x2 1 10x 2 4
5 a b3( xA3 21))
5 5
5 At 2 At 2 2 2tB B
ds d
c. 3
dt dt 2
5 5x3
5 At 4 2 2t 3 B
d
a4x22 2 b
dt dy d 1 6
b. 5
dx dx x
5 At 4 B 2 A2t 3 B
d d
5 4 ( x22) 2 6 Ax21 B
dt dt d 1 d
dx dx
5 At B 2 2 At 3 B
d 4 d
b ( x22 21) 2 6(21)Ax2121 B
dt dt 21 1
5 4a
5 4t 3 2 2A3t 2 B 2
3
5 4t 3 2 6t 2 5 22x22 1 6x22
a x 1 x 2 x 1 1b a 3 1 2 2 3b
dy d 1 5 1 3 1 2 dy d 6 2
d. 5 c. 5

d 1 5 d 1 3 d 1 2 d d d d
5 (1) (3)
5 6(23)Ax2321 B 1 2(22)Ax2221 B 2 0
1 d 1 d 1 d
5 dx 3 dx 2 dx 5 218x24 2 4x23
d 218 4
1 (1) 5 4 2 3
dx x x
5 A5x4 B 1 A3x2 B 2 (2x) 1 0
1 1 1
5 3 2
5 x4 1 x2 2 x

dy d 5 2t 2 6(1) 1 0
d.
dx
5
dx
( 9x22 1 3"x ) 5 2t 2 6
x 2 "x
d 3
5 9 Ax22 B 1 3 ( x2)
d d 1
6. a. f r(x) 5
dx
( )
dx dx
Ax B 2 ( x2)
d 3 d 1
5 9(22)Ax2221 B 1 3a b ( x2 21)
1
5
1
2 dx dx
3 1 1
5 3x2 2 ( x2 21)
1
5 218x23 1 x22
2 2
1 1
"x 1 6"x3 1 "2
dy d
e.
dx
5
dx
( ) 5 3x2 2 x22
2
1
"2
d 1 d 3 d 1
5 ( x2) 1 6 ( x2) 1
dx dx dx
( ) so f r(a) 5 f r(4) 5 3(4)2 2 (4)22
2
1 1
5 ( x2 21) 1 6a b ( x2 21) 1 0
1 1 3
5 3(16) 2
3
2 2 2 "4
5 48 2 a b a b
1 1 1 1 1
5 ( x22) 1 9x2
2 2 2
d 1 1 "x 5 47.75
a b
dy
f. 5 d
dx dx x
1
b. f r(x) 5 (
dx
7 2 6"x 1 5x3 ) 2
a b1 a b
d 1 d x2
5 d d 1 d 2
dx x dx x 5 (7) 2 6 ( x2) 1 5 ( x3)
dx dx dx
d 21 d 1
5 (x ) 1 ( x22)
5 0 2 6a b ( x2 21) 1 5a b ( x3 21)
1 1 2 2
dx dx
21 212 21 2 3
5 (21)x2121 1 (x )
5 23x22 1 a b ( x23)
2 1 10 1
1 3 3
5 2x22 2 x22
so f r(a) 5 f r(64) 5 23( 6422) 1 a b ( 6423)
2 1 10 1
5 A22t 2 1 7tB
ds d 3
5. a.
5 23a b 1 a b
dt dt 1 10 1
5 (22)a At2 B b 1 7a (t)b
d d 8 3 4
dt dt 11
5 (22)(2t) 1 7(1) 5
24
5 24t 1 7
A3x4 B
dy d
7. a. 5
5 a18 1 5t 2 t 3 b
ds d 1 dx dx
b.
5 3 Ax4 B
dt dt 3 d
5 (18) 1 5 (t) 2 a b At 3 B
d d 1 d dx
5 12x3
5 0 1 5(1) 2 a b A3t 2 B
1
dy
5 A(t 2 3)2B
ds d 5 12
c.
a b
dt dt dy d 1
b. 5
5 At 2 2 6t 1 9B
d dx dx x25
dt
Ax B
d 5
5
5 At 2 B 2 (6) (t) 1 (9)
d d d dx
dt dt dt 5 5x4

dy dy 21
slope 5 5(21)4 16
c. y 5 2
55 x
a b a b
dy d 2 dy d 16
c. 5 5
dx dx x dx dx x2
5 2 Ax21 B 5 16 Ax22 B
d d
dx dx
5 2(21)x2121 5 16(22)x2221
5 22x22 5 232x23
dy dy
dx
23 (232)
slope 5 22(22)22 232(22) 5 (22)3
5 4.
1 d. y 5 x23 (x21 1 1)
52
2 5 x24 1 x23
5 ("16x3)
dy d dy d 24
d. 5 (x 1 x23 )
dx dx dx dx
5 "16 ( x2)
d 3
5 24x25 2 3x24
dx
4 3
52 52 4
5 4a bx2 21
3 3
x x
1
5 6x 2
dy

dy
. So the 2 145 2 134 5 27.
dx
a2x 2 b
1
9. a. 5
5 12 dx dx x
8. a. y 5 2x3 1 3x
Ax B
d d 21
5 2 (x) 2
A2x3 1 3xB
dy d dx dx
5
dx dx 5 2(1) 2 (21)x2121
5 2 Ax3 B 1 3 (x)
d d 5 2 1 x22
dy
5 6x2 1 3
6(1)2 1 3 5 9.
a 2 3b
dy d 3 4
b. 5
b. y 5 2"x 1 5 dx dx x2 x
dy d
5 (2"x 1 5) 5 3 Ax22 B 2 4 Ax23 B
d d
dx dx dx dx
d 1 d 5 3(22)x2221 2 4(23)x2321
5 2 ( x2 ) 1 (5)
dx dx 5 12x24 2 6x23
5 2a b ( x2 21) 1 0
1 1
2 dy
21
5 x2
12(21)24 2 6(21)23 5 18.

y 2 7 5 18(x 1 1) or 18x 2 y 1 25 5 0. y 5 3.5(x 2 4) or 7x 2 2y 2 28 5 0.
dy
5 ("3x3)
d d "x 2 2
a 3 b
c. dy
5
"x
dx dx f.
dx dx
5 "3 ( x2)
d 3 1
a b
d x2 2 2
dx 5 1
dx x3
5 "3a bx
3 32 21
d 1 1 1
2 5 ( x2 2 3 2 2x23)
1 dx
3"3x2
5 ( x6) 2 2 Ax23 B
5 d 1 d 1
2
dx dx
5 ( x6 21) 2 2a2 bx23 21 2 0
dy 1 1 1 1

3"3(3)2
1
9 1 256 2 243
2 2 6 3
y 2 9 5 92 (x 2 3) or 9x 2 2y 2 9 5 0. dy
a ax 1 bb
dy d 1 2 1
d. 5 5 4
So the slope is 16 (1)26 1 23 (1)23 5 56.
dx dx x x
ax 1 2 b
d 1
5 y 1 1 5 56 (x 2 1) or 5x 2 6y 2 11 5 0.
Ax B
5 (x) 1
dx dx given point.
5 1 1 (22)x2221 3 4
5 1 2 2x23 y 5 2 2 3 at P(21, 7)
x x
dy
So the slope is 1 2 2(1)23 5 21. 1
y 2 2 5 2 (x 2 1) or x 1 y 2 3 5 0. x 1 18y 2 125 5 0
3
5 (("x 2 2)(3"x 1 8))
dy d 11. y 5 3 5 3x23
1
"x
e.
dx dx
5 (3("x)2 1 8"x 2 6"x 2 16)
d
d dy 4
5 (3x 1 2"x 2 16) 5 2x23

dx dx
d d 1 d 4 1
5 (3x) 1 2 ( x2) 2 (16) x23 5
dx dx dx 16
1 1
5 3(1) 1 2a bx2 21 2 0
1 1 4 5
2 x 3
16
4
5 3 1 x22
1
x3 5 16
3

dy
1
So the slope is 3 1 (4)22 5 3.5.

1 16. y 5 15x5 2 10x, slope is 6
12. y 5 5 x21 : y 5 x3
x dy
5 x4 2 10 5 6
dy 1 dy dx
52 2: 5 3x2
dx x dx x4 5 16
1 x2 5 4 or x2 5 24
Now, 2 2 5 3x2
x x 5 62 non-real
x4 5 2 . and Q2 2, 685 R .
3
13. y 5 x2, 5 2x If x 5 a, y 5 2x2 1 3.
dx
dy dy
5 4a.
a22
4 y
2a2 5 4a2 2 8a
3 2
2a 2 8a 5 0
2 2a(a 2 4) 5 0
1 a 5 0 or a 5 4.
x
Point (2, 3):
3 2 1 0 1 2 3
14. y 5 2x2 1 3x 1 4
y 2 3 5 0. y 2 3 5 16(x 2 2) or
dy
5 22x 1 3 16x 2 y 2 29 5 0.
dy 2a2 1 10
dx a22
5 5 22x 1 3 2a2 1 10 5 4a2 2 8a
x 5 21. 2
2a 2 8a 2 10 5 0
The point is (21, 0). a2 2 4a 2 5 5 0
y (a 2 5)(a 1 1) 5 0
6
a55 a 5 21
3 y 1 7 5 20(x 2 2) y 1 7 5 24(x 2 2)
2 or 20x 2 y 2 47 5 0. or 4x 1 y 2 1 5 0.
1 a
1 2 3 4 a
1
a(22) 2 4a b 1 21 5 0
a
15. y 5 x3 1 2
4
dy
5 3x2, slope is 12 23a 1 21 5 0
dx
a 5 7.
x2 5 4
x 5 2 or x 5 22
Points are (2, 10) and (22, 26).

19. a. When h 5 200, 22. v(t) 5 Rr(t) 5 210t
d 5 3.53"200 v(2) 5 220
b. d 5 3.53!h 5 3.53h2
1
3 (0, 3)
2
dr 5 3.53a h 2 2 b
1 1
2 1
x
5
3.53 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
1
2!h
2
When h 5 200,
3.53 3
2 !200
dr 5
8 0.12 AAa,23a2 B.
dx
a. d(2) 5 4.9(2)2 5 19.6 m 23a2 2 3
Slope of PA: 5 26a
d(5) 5 4.9(5)2 5 122.5 m a
Dd 122.5 2 19.6 a 5 1 or a 5 21
Dt 522
Thus, dr(4) 5 9.8(4) 5 39.2 m>s. dy
5 3x2 2 12x 1 8
Set d(t) 5 150: When x 5 3,
4.9t2 5 150 dy
5 27 2 36 1 8 5 21
1500 dx
t2 5
Equation will be
t 5 6 "15
10
7 y 1 3 5 21(x 2 3)
y 5 2x.
Since t $ 0, t 5 "15
10
7 2x 5 x3 2 6x2 1 8x
Then, x3 2 6x2 1 9x 5 0
xAx2 2 6x 1 9B 5 0
dra "15b 5 9.8a "15b
10 10
x(x 2 3)2 5 0
7 7
x 5 0 or x 5 3
8 54.2 m>s
21. v(t) 5 sr(t) 5 2t 2 t2
0.5 5 2t 2 t2 y
t2 2 2t 1 0.5 5 0 3
2t2 2 4t 1 1 5 0 2
4 6 "8 1
x
t5
4
1 0 1 2 3 4
t 8 1.71, 0.29 11
0.29 min and 1.71 min. 3

25. a. i. f(x) 5 2x 2 5x2 f(5) 5 (5)3 2 8(5)2 1 5(5) 1 3
f r(x) 5 2 2 10x 5 25 2 200 1 25 1 3
Set f r(x) 5 0: 5 247
27 R and (5, 247).
x5
points.
f a b 5 2a b 2 5a b
1 1 1 2
5 5 5 26. "x 1 "y 5 1
!y 5 1 2 !x
5 2
5 5
1 y 5 1 2 2 !x 1 x
5
5 dy 1 1
5 2 ? 2x22 1 1
ii. f(x) 5 4x2 1 2x 2 3 1 21 1 !a
!a !a
But !a 1 !b 5 1
Set f r(x) 5 0:
8x 1 2 5 0
8x 5 22 2 !b 5 !a 2 1.
1 "b b
a
"a
x52 .
4
f a2 b 5 4a2 b 1 2a2 b 2 3
1 1 2 1
4 4 4 y 2 1 5 n(x 2 1)
1 2 12 nx 2 y 2 n 1 1 5 0
5 2 2
4 4 4 Let y 5 0, nx 5 n 2 1
13 n21 1
52 x5 512 .
4 n n
iii. f(x) 5 x3 2 8x2 1 5x 1 3 n n
2
3x 2 15x 2 x 1 5 5 0 x 2 1 5 0.
3x(x 2 5) 2 (x 2 5) 5 0 28. a. y
(3x 2 1)(x 2 5) 5 0 9
1 8
x5 ,5
3 7
f a b 5 a b 2 8a b 1 5a b 1 3
1 1 3 1 2 1 6
3 3 3 3 5
1 24 45 81 4
5 2 1 1
27 27 27 27 3
103 2
5
27 1
x
2 1 0 1 2 3 4

c. h(x) 5 (3x 1 2)(2x 2 7)
f(x) 5 e f '(x) 5 e
x2, if x , 3 2x, if x , 3
x 1 6, if x $ 3 1, if x $ 3 hr(x) 5 (3x 1 2)(2) 1 (3)(2x 2 7)
d. h(x) 5 A5x7 1 1B Ax2 2 2xB
y
hr(x) 5 A5x7 1 1B (2x 2 2) 1 A35x6 BAx2 2 2xB
b.
7
5 45x8 2 80x7 1 2x 2 2
e. s(t) 5 At2 1 1B A3 2 2t2 B
6
5 sr(t) 5 At2 1 1B (24t) 1 (2t)A3 2 2t2 B
4 5 28t3 1 2t
3 x23
2 f. f(x) 5
x13
1 f(x) 5 (x 2 3)(x 1 3)21
x
f r(x) 5 (x 2 3)(21)(x 1 3)22 1 (1)(x 1 3)21
3 2 1 0 1 2 3
1 5 (x 1 3)22 (2x 1 3 1 x 1 3)
6
5
3x2 2 6, if x , 2"2 or x . "2 (x 1 3)2
f(x) 5 e
6 2 3x2, if 2"2 , x , "2 2. a. y 5 (5x 1 1)3 (x 2 4)
dy
6x, if x , 2"2 or x . "2 5 (5x 1 1)3 (1) 1 3(5x 1 1)2 (5)(x 2 4)
f r(x) 5 e dx
26x, if 2"2 # x # "2 5 (5x 1 1)3 1 15(5x 1 1)2 (x 2 4)
( ) ( ) b. y 5 A3x2 1 4BA3 1 x3 B 5
5 A3x2 1 4B (5)A3 1 x3 B 4 A3x2 B
dy
c. y
3 dx
2
1 (6x)A3 1 x3 B 5
5 15x2 (3x2 1 4)(3 1 x3 )4 1 6x(3 1 x3 )5
1
x
3 2 1 0 1 2 3
1
x 2 1, if x $ 1 since Zx 2 1 Z 5 x 2 1
f(x) 5
1 2 x, if 0 # x , 1 since Zx 2 1 Z 5 1 2 x
x 1 1, if 21 , x , 0 since Z2x 2 1 Z 5 x 1 1
2x 2 1, if x # 21 since Z2x21 Z 5 2x 2 1
1, if x . 1 c. y 5 A1 2 x2 B 4 (2x 1 6)3
5 4A1 2 x2 B 3 (22x)(2x 1 6)3
dy
f'(x) 5
21, if 0 , x , 1
1, if 21 , x , 0 dx
21, if x , 21 1 A1 2 x2 B 4 3(2x 1 6)2 (2)
5 28xA1 2 x2 B 3 (2x 1 6)3
d. y 5 Ax2 2 9B 4 (2x 2 1)3
5 Ax2 2 9B 4 (3)(2x 2 1)2 (2)
dx
1. a. h(x) 5 x(x 2 4)
1 4Ax2 2 9B 3 (2x)(2x 2 1)3
hr(x) 5 x(1) 1 (1)(x 2 4)
5 6(x2 2 9)4 (2x 2 1)2
5 2x 2 4
1 8x(x2 2 9)3 (2x 2 1)3
b. h(x) 5 x2 (2x 2 1)
hr(x) 5 x2 (2) 1 (2x)(2x 2 1)
5 6x2 2 2x

5 5(21)4 (2)(21)4
g(x) 5 (x 1 1) (x 2 1). 5 xA25x2 2 4B
4. F(x) 5 3b(x)43c(x)4 dy
5 x(50x) 1 (25x2 2 4)(1)
5. a. y 5 (2 1 7x)(x 2 3) At x 5 3,
dy dy
5 (2 1 7x)(1) 1 7(x 2 3) 5 3(150) 1 (25 ? 9 2 4)
dx dx
At x 5 2, 5 450 1 221
dy 5 671
5 (2 1 14) 1 7(21)
5 16 2 7 at (1, 22)
59
5 A3x2 2 5B A3x2 2 2xB
dy
b. y 5 (1 2 2x)(1 1 2x) dx
dy
5 (1 2 2x)(2) 1 (22)(1 1 2x) 1 Ax3 2 5x 1 2B (6x 2 2)
dx when x 5 1,
1 dy
At x 5 , 5 (22)(1) 1 (22)(4)
2 dx
dy 5 22 1 28
5 (0)(2) 2 2(2)
dx 5 210
5 A3 2 2x 2 x2 B A2x 1 1B
dy 10x 1 y 2 8 5 0.
dx 7. a. y 5 2(x 2 29)(x 1 1)
1 (22 2 2x)Ax2 1 x 2 2B dy
5 2(x 2 29)(1) 1 2(1)(x 1 1)
At x 5 22, dx
dy 2x 2 58 1 2x 1 2 5 0
5 (3 1 4 2 4)(24 1 1)
dx 4x 2 56 5 0
1 (22 1 4)(4 2 2 2 2) 4x 5 56
5 (3)(23) 1 (2)(0) x 5 14
d. y 5 x3 (3x 1 7)2 b. y 5 Ax2 1 2x 1 1B Ax2 1 2x 1 1B
dy 5 Ax2 1 2x 1 1B 2
5 3x2 (3x 1 7)2 1 x36(3x 1 7)
dx dy
5 2Ax2 1 2x 1 1B (2x 1 2)
At x 5 22, dx
dy Ax2 1 2x 1 1B (2x 1 2) 5 0
5 12(1)2 1 (28)(6)(1)
dx 2(x 1 1)(x 1 1)(x 1 1) 5 0
5 12 2 48 x 5 21
e. y 5 (2x 1 1)5 (3x 1 2)4, x 5 21 8. a. y 5 (x 1 1)3 (x 1 4)(x 2 3)2
dy dy
5 5(2x 1 1)4 (2)(3x 1 2)4 5 3(x 1 1)2 (x 1 4)(x 2 3)2
dx dx
1 (2x 1 1)54(3x 1 2)3 (3) 1 (x 1 1)3 (1)(x 2 3)2
At x 5 21, 1 (x 1 1)3 (x 1 4)32(x 2 3)4

(1 1 nx)
5 2xA3x2 1 4B 2 A3 2 x3 B 4
dy
dx f r(x) 5 1(1 1 2x)(1 1 3x) c(1 1 nx)
1 x2 32A3x2 1 4B (6x)4 A3 2 x3 B 4 1 (1 1 x)(2)(1 1 3x) c(1 1 nx)
1 x2 A3x2 1 4B 2 34A3 2 x3 B 3 A23x2 B4
1 (1 1 x)(1 1 2x)(3) c(1 1 nx)
1 c 1 (1 1 x)(1 1 2x)(1 1 3x)
9. V(t) 5 75a1 2 b , 0 # t # 24
t 2 c (n)
24 f r(0) 5 1(1)(1)(1) c (1)
75 L 3 60% 5 45 L 1 1(2)(1)(1) c (1)
5 a1 2 b
45 t 2 1 1(1)(3)(1) c (1)
Set
75 24 1 c 1 (1)(1)(1) c (n)
3 t 5112131c1n
5
6 512 n(n 1 1)
24 f r(0) 5
2
t5a6
3
12. f(x) 5 ax2 1 bx 1 c
5
2 1b (224)
f r(x) 5 2ax 1 b (1)
V(t) 5 75a1 2 b
t 2 f r(x) 5 0 at x 5 21
24 22a 1 b 5 0
V(t) 5 75a1 2 b a1 2 b
24 24 4a 1 2b 1 c 5 19 (2)
Vr(t) 5 75 c a1 2 b a2 b
24 24 a 2 b 1 c 5 28 (3)
1 a2 b a1 2 b d
1 t 4a 1 2b 1 c 5 19
24 24 23a 2 3b 5 227
a1b59
5 (75)(2)a1 2 b a2 b
t 1
24 24 22a 1 b 5 0
Vr(5.4097) 5 24.84 L>h 3a 5 9
hr(x) 5 2(x 1 1)3 Ax2 1 2x 1 1B 2 y
13.
1 (2x)(3)(x 1 1)2 Ax2 1 2x 1 1B 2 3
1 2x(x 1 1)3 2Ax2 1 2x 1 1B (2x 1 2) 2
hr(22) 5 2(21)3 (1)2 1
x
1 2(22)(3)(21)2 (1)2 0
3 2 1 1 2 3
1 2(22)(21)3 (2)(1)(22) 1
5 22 2 12 2 16 a. x 5 1 or x 5 21
5 230 b. f r(x) 5 2x, x , 21 or x . 1
11. f r(x) 5 22x, 21 , x , 1
1 g1 (x)g2r(x)g3 (x) c gn21 (x)gn (x) 4
2
2
4
6

c. f r(22) 5 2(22) 5 24 h(h 1 2x 2 5)
5 lim
f r(0) 5 22(0) 5 0

hS0 h
f r(3) 5 2(3) 5 6 5 2x 2 5
14. y 5 2 2 1
x the tangents.
dy 32
52 3 x
Slope of Tangent
dx x f 9(x)
32
2 3 54 1 23
x
2 21
4x3 5 232
x3 5 28 3 1
x 5 22 4 3
16
y5 21 5 5
4
53 c. y
4x 2 y 1 11 5 0 2
x
y 5 4x 1 11
2 0 2 4 6
Substitute, 2
16 4
4x 1 11 5 2 2 1
x 6
4x3 1 11x2 5 16 2 x2 or 4x3 1 12x2 2 16 5 0.
RS 5 4(22)3 1 12(22)2 2 16 (6(x 1 h) 1 15) 2 (6x 1 15)
50 2. a. f r(x) 5 lim
hS0 h
a solution. 5 lim
hS0 h
When x 5 22, y 5 4(22) 1 11 5 3.
5 lim 6
A2(x 1 h)2 2 4B 2 A2x2 2 4B
hS0 h
1. a. y (x 1 h) 2 2 x2
5 lim2
6 hS0 h
4 ((x 1 h) 2 x)((x 1 h) 1 x)
5 lim2
2 hS0 h
x h(2x 1 h)
2 0 2 4 6 5 lim2
2 hS0 h
4 5 lim2(2x 1 h)
hS0
6 5 4x
5 5
2x15
((x 1 h)2 2 5(x 1 h)) 2 (x2 2 5x) (x 1 h) 1 5
hS0

h hS0 h
x2 1 2hx 1 h2 2 5x 2 5h 2 x2 1 5x 5(x 1 5) 2 5((x 1 h) 1 5)
5 lim 5 lim
hS0

h hS0 ((x 1 h) 1 5)(x 1 5)h

h2 1 2hx 2 5h 25h
5 lim 5 lim
h S 0 ((x 1 h) 1 5) (x 1 5)h

hS0 h
25 dy
5 lim d. 5 5 2 6x23
h S 0 ((x 1 h) 1 5) (x 1 5) dx
25 6
5 552 3
(x 1 5) 2 x
!(x 1 h) 2 2 2 !x 2 2 dy
d. f r(x) 5 lim e. 5 2(11t 1 1)(11)
hS0 h dt
!(x 1 h) 2 2 2 !x 2 2 5 242t 1 22
5 lim c 1
hS0 h f. y 5 1 2
!(x 1 h) 2 2 1 !x 2 2
x
d 5 1 2 x21
!(x 1 h) 2 2 1 !x 2 2
3
dy
5 x22
((x 1 h) 2 2) 2 (x 2 2) dx
hS0 hA !(x 1 h) 2 2 1 !x 2 2B
5 lim
1
5 2
h x
hS0 hA !(x 1 h) 2 2 1 !x 2 2B
5 lim 5. f r(x) 5 8x3
8x3 5 1
1
hS0 !(x 1 h) 2 2 1 !x 2 2
5 lim 1
x3 5
8
1
2 !x 2 2
5 1
x5
2
3. a. yr 5 2x 2 4
f a b 5 2a b
When x 5 1, 1 1 4
yr 5 2(1) 2 4 2 2
5 22. 1
5
When x 5 1, 8
5 0.
y 2 5 1ax 2 b, or y 5 x 2
1 1 3
y 2 0 5 22(x 2 1), or y 5 22x 1 2
6. a. f r(x) 5 8x 2 7
b. y b. f r(x) 5 26x2 1 8x 1 5
6
c. f(x) 5 5x22 2 3x23
4 f r(x) 5 210x23 1 9x24
2 10 9
x 52 3 1 4
4 2 0 2 4 6 x x
2 1
d. f(x) 5 x2 1 x3
1
4 1 1 1 2
6 f r(x) 5 x22 1 x23
2 3
1 1
dy 5 12 1 23
4. a. 5 24x3 2x 3x
1
dx e. f(x) 5 7x22 2 3x2
dy 1 3 1
b. 5 5x22 f r(x) 5 214x23 2 x22
dx 2
5 14 3
!x
5 5 2 3 2 12
x 2x
c. gr(x) 5 26x24 f. f r(x) 5 4x22 1 5
6 4
52 4 5 215
x x

7. a. yr 5 26x 1 6 5 224t2 2 28t 1 6t 1 7 2 12t2 2 28t 1 32
When x 5 1, 5 236t2 2 50t 1 39
yr 5 26(1) 1 6
A3x2 1 4x 2 6B (2x2 2 9)
dy d
5 0. c. 5
dx dx
When x 5 1,
1 A3x2 1 4x 2 6B A2x2 2 9B
d
y 5 23A12 B 1 6(1) 1 4 dx
5 7. 5 (6x 1 4)A2x2 2 9B 1 A3x2 1 4x 2 6B (4x)
y 2 7 5 0(x 2 1), or 1 16x2 2 24x
y57 5 24x3 1 24x2 2 78x 2 36
1
b. y 5 3 2 2x2
A3 2 2x3 B 2 A3 2 2x3 B
1 dy d
yr 5 2x22 d. 5
dx dx
21
!x 1 A3 2 2x3 B 2 A3 2 2x3 B
5 d
dx
When x 5 9,
5 c A3 2 2x3 B A3 2 2x3 B
21 d
!9
yr 5 dx
1 A3 2 2x3 B A3 2 2x3 B d A3 2 2x3 B

1 d
52 . dx
3
When x 5 9, 1 A3 2 2x3 B 2 A26x2 B
y 5 3 2 2 !9 5 S 2A26x2 B A3 2 2x3 B T A3 2 2x3 B
5 23. 1 A3 2 2x3 B 2 A26x2 B
1 1 5 A3 2 2x3 B 2 A218x2 B
y 2 (23) 5 2 (x 2 9), or y 5 2 x
3 3 5 A9 2 12x3 1 4x6 BA218x2 B
c. f r(x) 5 28x3 1 12x2 2 4x 2 8 5 2162x2 1 216x5 2 72x8
9. yr 5 A5x2 1 9x 2 2B A2x2 1 2x 1 3B
f r(3) 5 28(3)3 1 12(3)2 2 4(3) 2 8 d
5 2216 1 108 2 12 2 8 dx
1 A5x2 1 9x 2 2B A2x2 1 2x 1 3B
5 2218 d
f(3) 5 22(3)4 1 4(3)3 2 2(3)2 2 8(3) 1 9 dx
5 2162 1 108 2 18 2 24 1 9 5 (10x 1 9)A2x2 1 2x 1 3B
5 287 1 A5x2 1 9x 2 2B (2 2 2x)
y 2 (287) 5 2128(x 2 3), or 1 (5(1)2 1 9(1) 2 2)(2 2 2(1))
y 5 2128x 1 297 5 (19)(4)
5 76
8. a. f r(x) 5 A4x2 2 9xB A3x2 1 5B
d
y 2 48 5 76(x 2 1), or 76x 2 y 2 28 5 0
1 A4x2 2 9xB A3x2 1 5B
d
dx dy d
10. 5 2 (x 2 1)(5 2 x)
5 (8x 2 9)A3x2 1 5B 1 A4x2 2 9xB (6x) dx dx
5 24x3 2 27x2 1 40x 2 45 d
1 2(x 2 1) (5 2 x)
1 24x3 2 54x2 dx
5 48x3 2 81x2 1 40x 2 45 5 2(5 2 x) 2 2(x 2 1)
5 12 2 4x
b. f r(t) 5 A23t2 2 7t 1 8B (4t 2 1)
d
dy
12 2 4x 5 0
1 A23t2 2 7t 1 8B (4t 2 1)
d
dt 12 5 4x
5 (26t 2 7)(4t 2 1) x53
1 A23t2 2 7t 1 8B (4)

When x 5 3,
500a1 2 90 2 1 1 90 b
t1h t
y 5 2((3) 2 1)(5 2 (3))
5 8. 5 lim
hS0 h
a1 2 90 1 1 2 90 b
t1h t
5 lim c
dy (5(x 1 h)2 2 8(x 1 h) 1 4)
11.
dx hS0 h 3
A5x2 2 8x 1 4B
h
2 d 500a2 b a2 2
h 2t 1 h
b
h 90 90
5(x 1 h)2 2 5x2 2 8h 5 lim
5 lim hS0 h
hS0 h
a2 2 b
500 2t 1 h
5((x 1 h) 2 x)((x 1 h) 1 x) 2 8h 5 lim 2
5 lim hS0 90 90
hS0 h
a2 2 b
250 2t
5h(2x 1 h) 2 8h 5
5 lim 9 90
hS0 h
2900 1 10t
5 lim (5(2x 1 h) 2 8) 5
hS0 81
5 10x 2 8 Then,
12. V(t) 5 500a1 2 b . 0 # t # 90
t 2 2900 1 10(30)
Vr(30) 5
90 81
52 L>min
V(60) 5 500 Q 1 2 6090 R
2
27
4
b
30 2 13. V(r) 5 pr3
5 500a 3
90
4 4
a. V(10) 5 p(10)3 V(15) 5 p(15)3
5 500a b
1 2
3 3
3 4 4
500 5 p(1000) 5 p(3375)
5 L 3 3
9 4000
b. V(0) 5 500(1 2 0)2 5 500 L 5 p 5 4500p
3
V(60) 5 L
500 Dr 15 2 10
DV 2 500 500p Q 9 2 83 R
5 9
Dt 60 2 0 5
28 5
(500)
5 9
5 100pa b
19
60
200 3
p cm3>cm
52 L>min 1900
27 5
3
V(t 1 h) 2 V(t)
hS0 h Vr(r) 5 lim
hS0 h
500a1 2 90 b 2 500a21 1 90 b
2 2
h)3 2 r34
t1h t 4
p3(r 1
5 lim 3
5 lim hS0 h
h
Q 3r2h 1 3rh2 1 h3 2 r3 R
hS0 4 3
3 p r 1
5 lim
hS0 h
3 p Q 3r h 1 3rh 1 h R
4 2 2 3
5 lim
hS0 h
4 Cr(5) Cr(50) Cr(100)
hS0 3 100 100 100
52 2 52 2 52
(5) (50) (100)2
5 pA3r2 1 3r(0) 1 (0)2 B
4
3 100 100 1
52 52 52
5 4pr2 25 2500 100
Then, Vr(8) 5 4p(8)2 5 24 5 20.04 5 20.01
we get xaxb 5 xa1b
and if x9x26 5 x3
f(x) 5 2x3 1 3x2 1 6x 1 2, Also,
x2a13b Ax2 B 3 5 x6
x
xa
y 5 x2a13b2 (a2b) 5 xa14b xb
Then, For example,
yr 5 (a 1 4b)a14b21 x5
5 x2
16. a. f(x) 5 26x3 1 4x 2 5x2 1 10 x3
f r(x) 5 218x2 1 4 2 10x 2.
and Simplify,
x2 1 3x
f(x) 5 x 1 3 f r(x) 5 1
x
17. a. P(t) 5 100 1 120t 1 10t2 1 2t3 5
3x3 1
P(t) 5 100 1 120t 1 10t2 1 2t3 gr(x) 5 2x23

2
g(x) 5 ,x20 g(x) 5 3x3
x
P(0) 5 100 1 120(0) 1 10(0)2 1 2(0)3
1
10x5
,
h(x) 5
1 25
x hr(x) 5
21 26
x
x20
P(5) 5 100 1 120(5) 1 10(5)2 1 2(5)3 8x3 1 6x
2x y 5 4x2 1 3 5 8x
dx
c. Pr(t) 5 120 1 20t 1 6t2 x20
Pr(5) 5 120 1 20(5) 1 6(5)2 s5 ,t23 s5t13 51
t23 dt
5 370 bacteria> h
100
18. C(t) 5 ,t.2
t
100
Then, Cr(t) 5 2100t22 5 2 2 .
t

x15
dx (x 1 5)2
example At x 5 23:
f(x) dy (2)(3) 2 (27)(1)
h(x) 5
A2B 2
g(x) 5
dx
h(x) 5 f(x)(g(x))21, 5
4
x 19
Ax2 1 9B A3x2 B 2 Ax3 B (2x)
hr(x).
dy
Ax2 1 9B 2
(x 1 1)(1) 2 x(1) At x 5 1:
Ax 1 1B 2
4. a. hr(x) 5 dy (10)(3) 2 (1)(2)
A10B 2
5
1 dx
Ax 1 1B 2
5 28
5
(t 1 5)(2) 2 (2t 2 3)(1) 100
At 1 5B 2
b. hr(t) 5 7
5
13 25
At 1 5B 2
5 x2 2 25
c. y 5 2 ,x52
A2x2 2 1B A3x2 B 2 x3 A4xB x 1 25
2xAx2 1 25B 2 Ax2 2 25B (2x)
A2x2 2 1B 2
c. hr(x) 5 dy
Ax2 1 25B 2
5
2x 2 3x2
4 dx
A2x2 2 1B 2
5 At x 5 2:
Ax2 1 3B (0) 2 1(2x)
dy 4(29) 2 (221)(4)
A29B 2
5
Ax2 1 3B 2
d. hr(x) 5 dx
116 1 84
22x 5
Ax 1 3B 2
5 2 292
200
x(3x 1 5) 3x2 1 5x 5
A1 2 x B
e. y 5 2 5 841
1 2 x2
(6x 1 5)A1 2 x2 B 2 A3x2 1 5xB (22x)
(x 1 1)(x 1 2)
dy d. y 5 ,x54
A1 2 x2 B 2
5 (x 2 1)(x 2 2)
dx
x2 1 3x 1 2
6x 1 5 2 6x3 2 5x2 1 6x3 1 10x2 5 2
A1 2 x2 B 2
5 x 2 3x 1 2
dy (2x 1 3)Ax2 2 3x 1 2B
5x2 1 6x 1 5
Ax 2 1B 2 Ax 2 2B 2
5
A1 2 x2 B 2
5 dx
Ax2 1 3x 1 2B (2x 2 3)
Ax2 1 3B A2x 2 1B 2 Ax2 2 x 1 1B (2x)
Ax 2 1B 2 Ax 2 2B 2
dy 2
Ax2 1 3B 2
f. 5
dx
At x 5 4:
2x3 1 6x 2 x2 2 3 2 2x3 1 2x2 2 2x
(11)(6) 2 (30)(5)
Ax2 1 3B 2
5 dy
5
dx (9)(4)
x2 1 4x 2 3 84
Ax2 1 3B 2
5 52
36
7
52
3

x3 2(8)2
6. y 5 y5
x2 2 6 4
dy 3x2 Ax2 2 6B 2 x3 A2xB 5 32
Ax2 2 6B 2
5
At (3, 9): (0, 0) and (8, 32).
dy 3(9)(3) 2 (27)(6) x2 2 1
b. y 5 2
A3B 2
5
dx x 1x22
5 9 2 18 (x 2 1)(x 1 1)
5
5 29 (x 1 2)(x 2 1)
3x 5 ,x21
7. y 5 x12
x24 dy (x 1 2) 2 (x 1 1)
Ax 1 2B 2
dy 3(x 2 4) 2 3x 12 5
dx
Ax 2 4B Ax 2 4B 2
5 2 52
dx 1
Ax 1 2B 2
12
12 12 dy
(x 2 4)
b
4t
10. p(t) 5 1000a1 1 2
5x 1 2 t 1 50
8. f(x) 5
b
x12 4At 2 1 50B 2 4t(2t)
At 2 1 50B 2
pr(t) 5 1000a
(x 1 2)(5) 2 (5x 1 2)(1)
Ax 1 2B 2
f r(x) 5
1000A200 2 4t 2 B
At 2 1 50B 2
8 5
Ax 1 2B 2
f r(x) 5
1000(196)
A51B 2
5 75.36
8 1000(184)
A54B 2
(x 1 2)2 pr(2) 5 5 63.10
5x 1 2
2x2 x2 2 1
9. a. y 5 ,x24 11. y 5
x24 3x
dy (x 2 4)(4x) 2 A2x2 B (1) 1 1
5 x 2 x21
Ax 2 4B 2
5
dx 3 3
4x 2 16x 2 2x2
2
dy 1 1 22
5 5 1 x
(x 2 4)2 dx 3 3
2
2x 2 16x 1 1
5 5 1 2
(x 2 4)2 3 3x
2x(x 2 8) At x 5 2:
A2B 2 2 1
5
(x 2 4)2
dy y5
when x 5 0 or 8. At x 5 0: 1
5
0 2
y5 and
24
50 dy 1 1
5 1
At x 5 8: dx 3 3A2B 2

1 1 ax 1 b
5 1 14. f(x) 5
3 12 (x 2 1)(x 2 4)
5 (x 2 1)(x 2 4)(a)
Ax 2 1B 2 Ax 2 4B 2
5 f r(x) 5
12
(ax 1 b) 3(x 2 1)(x 2 4)4
1 5 dx
y 2 5 (x 2 2), or 5x 2 12y 2 4 5 0.
Ax 2 1B 2 Ax 2 4B 2
2
2 12
10(6 2 t) (x 2 1)(x 2 4)(a)
12. a. s(t) 5 , 0 # t # 6, t 5 0,
Ax 2 1B 2 Ax 2 4B 2
5
t13
s(0) 5 20 (ax 1 b)3(x 2 1) 1 (x 2 4)4
Ax 2 1B 2 Ax 2 4B 2
b. v(t) 5 sr(t) 5 10 c d
(t 1 3)(21) 2 (6 2 t)(1) 2
(x 2 5x 1 4)(a) 2 (ax 1 b)(2x 2 5)
At 1 3B 2
5
(x 2 1)2 (x 2 4)2
290 2
2ax 2 2bx 1 4a 1 5b
At 1 3B 2
v(t) 5 5
(x 2 1)2 (x 2 4)2
10(6 2 t) 2a 1 b
5 0, t 5 6. 5
t13 (1)(22)
290 10 2 5 2a 1 b
v(6) 5 2 5 2
9 9 b 5 2 2 2a
13. a. i. t 5 0 0 5 f r(2)
1 1 2(0) 2aA2B 2 2 2b(2) 1 4a 1 5b
r(0) 5
A1B 2 A22B 2
110 5
5 1 cm b50
1 1 2t 0 5 2 2 2a
ii. 5 1.5
11t a51
1 1 2t 5 1.5(1 1 t) So we get
1 1 2t 5 1.5 1 1.5t x
f(x) 5
0.5t 5 0.5 (x 2 1)(x 2 4)
A1 1 tB 2
iii. rr(t) 5
y 2 (21) 5 0(x 2 2), or y 5 21
A1 1 tB 2
5
tangent line:
1 x
f (x) =
(x 1) (x 4)
A1 1 tB 2
5
y
1 8
A1 1 1B 2
rr(1.5) 5
6
1 4
5
4 2
5 0.25 cm> s x
2 y =1
4
6
equals 2 cm.
A2t 2 1 7B 2
15. cr(t) 5
10t 2 1 35 2 20t 2
5
A2t 2 1 7B 2 1. f(x) 5 !x, g(x) 5 x2 2 1
210t 2 1 35 a. f(g(1)) 5 f(1 2 1)
A2t 2 1 7B 2
5 5 f(0)
50
b. g(f(1)) 5 g(1)
210t 2 1 35
50 50
(2t 2 1 7)2 c. g(f(0)) 5 g(0)
210t 2 1 35 5 0 5021
10t 2 5 35 5 21
t 2 5 3.5 d. f(g(24)) 5 f(16 2 1)
t 5 6"3.5 5 f(15)
t 8 61.87 5 !15
At 2 1 8B (1) 2 t(2t) (f + g)(x) 5 f(g(x))
At 2 1 8B 2
sr(t) 5
5 f A !xB
t 1 8 2 2t 2
2
5 5 A !xB 2
(t 2 1 8)2
5x
Domain 5 5x $ 06
2t 2 1 8
5 2
(t 1 8)2 (g + f)(x) 5 g(f(x))
5 gAx2 B
2t 2 1 8
At 2 1 8B 2
50 5 "x2
2t 2 1 8 5 0 5 Zx Z
b. f(x) 5 , g(x) 5 x2 1 1
ax 1 b d 5 f Ax2 1 1B
17. f(x) 5 ,x22 1
cx 1 d c 5 2
(cx 1 d)(a) 2 (ax 1 b)(c) x 11
f r(x) 5
ad 2 bc (g + f)(x) 5 g(f(x))
Acx 1 dB 2
f r(x) 5
5 ga b
1
5a b 11
1 2
a positive slope.

5
1
11
c. h(x) 5 A2x2 1 3x 2 5B 4
x2 hr(x) 5 4A2x2 1 3x 2 5B 3 (4x 1 3)
Domain 5 5x 2 06 d. f(x) 5 Ap2 2 x2 B 3
c. f(x) 5 , g(x) 5 !x 1 2
1 e. y 5 "x2 2 3
5 Ax2 2 3B 2
1
x
( f + g)(x) 5 f(g(x))
yr 5 Ax2 2 3B 2 (2x)
1 1
5 f( !x 1 2) 2
1 x
5
5
!x 1 2 "x 2 3
2
Domain 5 5x . 226 1
Ax 2 16B 5
f. f(x) 5 2
(g + f)(x) 5 g(f(x))
5 Ax2 2 16B 25
5 ga b
1
x f r(x) 5 25Ax2 2 16B 26 (2x)
210x
Ax 2 16B 6
1 5 2
x
5 12
2
1 x
x
Domain 5 5x # 2 12 or x . 06 dy
5 (22)(23)x24
6
of x, and 1
b. y 5
h(x) 5 (f + g)(x) x11
5 f(g(x)) 5 (x 1 1)21
5 (21)(x 1 1)22 (1)
Ax 1 1B 2
g(x) 5 x2 1 3x 1 5, then h(x) 5 Ax2 1 3x 1 5B 10, 1
and so c. y 5 2
x 24
hr(x) 5 f r(g(x)) ? gr(x) 5 Ax2 2 4B 21
5 10Ax2 1 3x 1 5B 9 (2x 1 3) dy
5 (21)Ax2 2 4B 22 (2x)
2
g(x) 5 x2 1 1, then h(x) 5 Ax2 1 1B 3,
2 dx
22x
Ax 2 4B 2
and so 5 2
hr(x) 5 Ax2 1 1B 23 (2x)
2 1
5 3A9 2 x2 B 21
3
3 d. y 5
9 2 x2
4. a. f(x) 5 (2x 1 3)4
dy 6x
f r(x) 5 4A2x 1 3B 3 (2)
A9 2 x2 B 2
5
5 8A2x 1 3B 3 dx
b. g(x) 5 Ax2 2 4B 3
gr(x) 5 3Ax2 2 4B 2 (2x)
5 6xAx2 2 4B 2

e. y 5
1 b. y 5 Ax2 1 3B 3 Ax3 1 3B 2
2
5x 1 x
3Ax 1 3B 34 ? Ax3 1 3B 2
dy d 2
5 A5x2 1 xB 21
5
dx dx
dy
1 Ax2 1 3B 3 ? 3Ax 1 3B 24
5 (21)A5x2 1 xB 22 (10x 1 1) d 3
dx dx
10x 1 1 5 3Ax2 1 3B 2 (2x)Ax3 1 3B 2
A5x 1 xB 2
52 2
1 Ax2 1 3B 3 (2)Ax3 1 3BA3x2 B
1 5 6xAx2 1 3B 2 Ax3 1 3B 3Ax3 1 3B 1 xAx2 1 3B4
Ax 1 x 1 1B 4
f. y 5 2
5 6xAx2 1 3B 2 Ax3 1 3B A2x3 1 3x 1 3B
5 Ax2 1 x 1 1B 24 3x2 1 2x
dy c. y 5 2
5 (24)Ax2 1 x 1 1B 25 (2x 1 1) x 11
dx
Ax2 1 1B 2
5
Ax 1 x 1 1B 5
52 2 dx
h5g+f 6x 1 2x 1 6x 1 2 2 6x3 2 4x2
3 2
6.
Ax2 1 1B 2
5
5 g(f(x))
2
h(21) 5 g(f(21)) 22x 1 6x 1 2
Ax2 1 1B 2
5
5 g(1)
5 24 d. h(x) 5 x3 A3x 2 5B 2
3x 4 ? A3x 2 5B 2 1 x3 3A3x 2 5B 24
h(x) 5 g(f(x)) d 3 d
hr(x) 5
hr(21) 5 gr(f(21))f r(21) 5 3x2 A3x 2 5B 2 1 x3 (2)(3x 2 5)(3)
5 gr(1)(25) 5 3x2 (3x 2 5)3(3x 2 5) 1 2x4
5 (27)(25) 5 3x2 (3x 2 5)(5x 2 5)
5 35 5 15x2 (3x 2 5)(x 2 1)
1 e. y 5 x A1 2 4x2 B 3
4
7. f(x) 5 (x 2 3)2, g(x) 5 , h(x) 5 f(g(x)),
3x 4A1 2 4x2 B 3 1 x4 ? 3A1 2 4x2 B 34
x dy d 4 d
1 5
f r(x) 5 2(x 2 3), gr(x) 5 2 2 dx dx dx
x 5 4x3 A1 2 4x2 B 3 1 x4 (3)A1 2 4x2 B 2 A28xB
5 4x3 A1 2 4x2 B 2 3A1 2 4x2 B 2 6x24
5 f ra b a2 2 b 5 4x3 A1 2 4x2 B 2 A1 2 10x2 B

1 1
x x
f. y 5 a 2 b
x2 2 3 4
5 2a 2 3b a2 2 b
1 1
x 13
x x
b c d
dy x2 2 3 3 d x2 2 3
5 2 2 a 2 3b
2 1 5 4a 2
x x dx x 1 2 dx x2 1 3
b ?
Ax2 1 3B 2
5 4a 2
x 13
3Ax 1 4B 34 ? Ax 2 3B 6
d
f r(x) 5
b ? 2
dx x2 2 3 3 12x
Ax 1 3B 2
5 4a 2
1 Ax 1 4B 3 3Ax 2 3B 64
d
x 13
dx
5 3Ax 1 4B 2 Ax 2 3B 6
48xAx2 2 3B 3
Ax2 1 3B 5
5
1 Ax 1 4B 3 (6)Ax 2 3B 5
5 Ax 1 4B 2 Ax 2 3B 5
1 2
9. a. s(t) 5 t3 (4t 2 5)3
3 33(x 2 3) 1 6(x 1 4)4 5 t3 3(4t 2 5)24 3
1 1
5 Ax 1 4B 2 Ax 2 3B 5 (9x 1 15) 5 3t(4t 2 5)24 3

1
5 3t A16t2 2 40t 1 25B4 3

1
5 A16t3 2 40t2 1 25tB 3, t 5 8

1

y 5 Ax3 2 7B 5 at x 5 2
sr(t) 5 A16t3 2 40t2 1 25tB 23
1 2 12.
5 5Ax3 2 7B 4 A3x2 B
3 dy
3 A48t2 2 80t 1 25B dx
A48t2 2 80t 1 25B When x 5 2,
5 2
dy
3A16t3 2 40t2 1 25tB 3 5 5(1)4 (12)
(48(8)2 2 80(8) 1 25) 5 60
sr(8) 5 2
5 y 2 1 5 60(x 2 2)
972
91 60x 2 y 2 119 5 0.
5 13. a. y 5 3u2 2 5u 1 2
36
1 u 5 x2 2 1, x 5 2
b. s(t) 5 a b , t 5 2p
t2p 3
u53
t 2 6p
dy du
5 6u 2 5, 5 2x
2
1 t 2 p 23 d t 2 p
2
5 3
5 a b ?
1 t 2 6p 3 (t 2 6p) 2 (t 2 p) dx du dx
3 t2p (t 2 6p)2 5 (6u 2 5)(2x)
2
5 (18 2 5)(4)
5 a b ?
1 t 2 6p 3 25p
3 t2p (t 2 6p)2 5 13(4)
1
1 2 25p b. y 5 2u3 1 3u2, u 5 x 1 x2, x 5 1

sr(2p) 5 (24)3 ? dy dy du
3 16p2 5 ?
3 dx du dx
5"2
52
b
24p 1
5 (6u2 1 6u)a1 1
10. y 5 A1 1 x3 B 2 y 5 2x6 2!x
At x 5 1:
5 2A1 1 x3 B (3x2 )
dy dy
5 12x5 u 5 1 1 12
1
dx dx
6x2 A1 1 x3 B 5 12x5 dy 1
b
2 !1
5 (6(2)2 1 6(2))a1 1
6x2 1 6x5 5 12x5 dx
6x2 2 6x5 5 0 3
5 36 3
6x2 Ax3 2 1B 5 0 2
x 5 0 or x 5 1. 5 54
11. y 5 A3x 2 x2 B 22 dy
5 Au2 1 3B 3 1 6u2 Au2 1 3B 2,
du
5 2(x 1 3)
5 22A3x 2 x2 B 23 (3 2 2x)
dy du dx
5 373 1 6(4)2432(1)4
dx dy dy du
5
At x 5 2, dx du dx
dy 5 439 3 2
5 2236 2 44 23 (3 2 4) 5 878
dx
5 2(2)23 d. y 5 u3 2 5Au3 2 7uB 2,
1 u 5 "x
5 1
4 5 x2, x 5 4
5 ?
dx du dx

b. h(x) 5 x(2x 1 7)4 (x 2 1)2
5 333u2 2 10Au3 2 7uB A3u2 2 7B4 ? a x2 b
1 1
hr(x) 5 (1)(2x 1 7)4 (x 2 1)2
5 33u2 2 10Au3 2 7uB A3u2 2 7B4 ?
1
1 x34(2x 1 7)3 (2)4 (x 2 1)2
1 x(2x 1 7)4 32(x 2 1)4
2"x
At x 5 4:
u 5 "4 hr(23) 5 1(16) 1 (23)34(1)(2)4 (16)
52 1 (23)(1)32(24)4
5 16 2 384 1 24
5 33(2)2 2 10( (2)3 2 7(2))(3(2)2 2 7)4
dy 1
5 2344
18. y 5 Ax2 1 x 2 2B 3 1 3
dx 2(2)
5 78
dy
hr(2) 5 6(21) Ax2 1 x 2 2B 3 1 3 5 3
5 26. (x 1 2)3 (x 2 1)3 5 0
x 5 22 or x 5 1
15. V(t) 5 50 000a1 2 b
t 2
Vr(t) 5 50 000 c2a1 2 b a2 b d
30 30 at (22, 3).
x2 (1 2 x)3
Vr(10) 5 50 000 c2a1 2 b a2 b d
10 1
19. y 5
30 30 (1 1 x)3
5 x2 c a bd
12x 3
5 50 000 c2a b a2 b d
2 1
3 30 11x
b 1 3x2 a b
8 2222 dy 12x 3 12x 2
dx 11x 11x
3 c d
2 (1 1 x) 2 (1 2 x)(1)
(1 1 x)2
position function.
s(t) 5 At 3 1 t 2 B 2 12x 3
b 1 3x2 a
12x 2
b c
22
d
1
5 2xa
11x 11x (1 1 x)2
v(t) 5 sr(t) 5 At 3 1 t 2 B 22 A3t 2 1 2tB
1 1
b c d
2 12x 2 12x 3x
5 2xa 2
3t 2 1 2t 11x 11x (1 1 x)2
5
b c d
2"t 3 1 t 2 1 2 x 2 1 2 x2 2 3x
5 2xa
3(3)2 1 2(3) 11x (1 1 x)2
v(3) 5
2"33 1 32 2xAx2 1 3x 2 1B (1 2 x)2
52
27 1 6 (1 1 x)4
5
2"36
5
5 2.75 f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
hS0 h
17. a. h(x) 5 p(x)q(x)r(x)
1 p(x)q(x)rr(x)

dx
f(z) 2 f(x) 3
f r(x) 5 lim . b. f(x) 5 x4

zSx z2x
3 1
2. a. y 5 2x2 2 5x 3
5 14
dy (2(x 1 h)2 2 5(x 1 h)) 2 A2x2 2 5xB 4x
5 lim 7
dx hS0 h c. y 5 4
2A(x 1 h)2 2 x2 B 2 5h 3x
5 lim 7
hS0 h 5 x24
2((x 1 h) 2 x)((x 1 h) 1 x) 2 5h 3
5 lim dy 228 25
hS0 h 5 x
2h(2x 1 h) 2 5h dx 3
5 lim 28
hS0 h 52 5
5 lim (2(2x 1 h) 2 5) 3x
hS0 1
5 4x 2 5 d. y 5 2
x 15
b. y 5 !x 2 6 5 Ax2 1 5B 21
dy !(x 1 h) 2 6 2 !x 2 6 dy
5 lim 5 (21)Ax2 1 5B 22 ? (2x)
dx hS0 h dx
!(x 1 h) 2 6 2 !x 2 6 2x
5 lim c 52 2
Ax 1 5B 2
hS0 h
!(x 1 h) 2 6 1 !x 2 6
3
d A3 2 x2 B 2
e. y 5
!(x 1 h) 2 6 1 !x 2 6
3
5 3A3 2 x2 B 22
( (x 1 h) 2 6) 2 (x 2 6)
5 (26)A3 2 x2 B 23 ? (22x)
dy
hS0 h( !(x 1 h) 2 6 1 !x 2 6)
5 lim
dx
1 12x
hS0 !(x 1 h) 2 6 1 !x 2 6
5 lim
A3 2 x2 B 3
5
f. y 5 "7x2 1 4x 1 1
1
2 !x 2 6
5
5 A7x2 1 4x 1 1B 2
1
x
5 A7x2 1 4x 1 1B 22 A14x 1 4B
c. y 5 dy 1 1
42x
dx 2
x1h x
2 7x 1 2
5
"7x2 1 4x 1 1
dy 4 2 (x 1 h) 42x
5 lim
dx hS0 h 2x3 2 1
(x 1 h)(4 2 x) 2 x(4 2 (x 1 h)) 4. a. f(x) 5
x2
(4 2 (x 1 h))(4 2 x) 1
5 lim 5 2x 2 2
hS0 h x
4h 5 2x 2 x22
5 lim
hS0 h(4 2 (x 1 h))(4 2 x) f r(x) 5 2 1 2x23
4 2
5 lim 521 3
hS0 (4 2 (x 1 h))(4 2 x) x
4
5
(4 2 x)2

b. g(x) 5 !xAx3 2 xB (2x 2 5)4
c. y 5
5 x2 Ax3 2 xB (x 1 1)3
1
7
5 x2 2 x2
3 (x 1 1)34(2x 2 5)3 (2)
yr 5
7 5 3 1 (x 1 1)6
gr(x) 5 x2 2 x2 3(2x 2 5)4 (x 1 1)2
2 2 2
!x 2 (x 1 1)6
5 A7x 2 3B (x 1 1)2 (2x 2 5)3 38x 1 8 2 6x 1 154
2 5
x (x 1 1)6
c. y 5 3
(2x 2 5) (2x 1 23)
3x 2 5 yr 5
dy (3x 2 5)(1) 2 (x)(3) (x 1 1)4
5
d. y 5 a b 5 (10x 2 1)6 (3x 1 5)26
dx (3x 2 5)2 10x 2 1 6
5 3x 1 5
52
(3x 2 5)2 yr 5 (10x 2 1)6 326(3x 1 5)27 (3)4
1 1 6(10x 2 1)5 (10)(3x 1 5)26
d. y 5 (x 2 1)2 (x 1 1)
5 (10x 2 1)5 (3x 1 5)27 3x 2 18(10x 2 1)4
yr 5 (x 2 1)2 1 (x 1 1)a b (x 2 1)22
1 1 1
1 60(3x 1 5)
2
5 (10x 2 1)5 (3x 1 5)27
5 !x 2 1 1
x11
3 (2180x 1 18 1 180x 1 300)
2!x 2 1 318(10x 2 1)5
2x 2 2 1 x 1 1 5
5 (3x 1 5)7
2!x 2 1 e. y 5 (x 2 2)3 Ax2 1 9B 4
5
3x 2 1 yr 5 (x 2 2)3 C4Ax2 1 9B 3 (2x)D
2!x 2 1 1 3(x 2 2)2 (1)Ax2 1 9B 4
2
5 (x 2 2)2 Ax2 1 9B 3 A11x2 2 16x 1 27B

1 2
5 ( x2 1 2) 23
f r(x) 5
22 12
(
5 1
x 1 2) 23 # x2 2
1
f. y 5 A1 2 x2 B 3 (6 1 2x)23
3 2
5a b
1 2 x2 3
1 6 1 2x
3 !xA !x 1 2B 3
52 5
b
1 2 x2 2
x2 1 5x 1 4 yr 5 3a
f. y 5 6 1 2x
x14
(6 1 2x)(22x) 2 A1 2 x2 B (2)
5
(x 1 4)(x 1 1) 3 c d
x14 (6 1 2x)2
5 x 1 1, x 2 24 3A1 2 x2 B 2 A212x 2 4x2 2 2 1 2x2 B
5
dy (6 1 2x)4
51
dx 3A1 2 x B A2x2 1 12x 1 2B
2 2
52
5. a. y 5 x4 (2x 2 5)6 (6 1 2x)4
yr 5 x4 36(2x 2 5)5 (2)4 1 4x3 (2x 2 5)6 3A1 2 x2 B 2 Ax2 1 6x 1 1B
5 4x3 (2x 2 5)5 33x 1 (2x 2 5)4 52
8(3 2 x)4
5 4x3 (2x 2 5)5 (5x 2 5) 2
5 20x3 (2x 2 5)5 (x 2 1) 6. a. g(x) 5 f(x )
gr(x) 5 f(x2 ) 3 2x
b. y 5 x"x2 1 1
b. h(x) 5 2xf(x)
yr 5 x c Ax2 1 1B 22 (2x)d 1 (1)"x2 1 1
1 1
hr(x) 5 2xf r(x) 1 2f(x)
2
18
1 "x2 1 1
x2 7. a. y 5 5u2 1 3u 2 1, u 5 2
5
"x2 1 1
x 15
x52
u52

dy 4
5 10u 1 3 5 22 ?
du 5
du 36x 8
Ax 1 5B 2
52 2 52
dx 5
8. f(x) 5 A9 2 x2 B 3
2
When x 5 2,
f r(x) 5 A9 2 x2 B 23 (22x)
du 72 8 2 1
52 52
dx 81 9 3
When u 5 2, 24x
5 1
dy 3(9 2 x2 )3
5 20 1 3
du 2
f r(1) 5 2
5 23 3
5 23a2 b
dx 9 9. y 5 2x3 1 6x2
184 yr 5 23x2 1 12x
52
9 23x2 1 12x 5 212 23x2 1 12x 5 215
!x 1 x
2
u14 x 2 4x 2 4 5 0 x2 2 4x 2 5 5 0
4 6 !16 1 16
b. y 5 ,u5 ,
u24 10
x5 (x 2 5)(x 1 1) 5 0
x54 2
3 4 6 4!2
u5 5 x 5 5, x 5 21
5 2
dy (u 2 4) 2 (u 1 4) x 5 2 6 2 !2
5
du (u 2 4)2
5 a x22 1 1b
du 1 1 1
dx 10 2
When x 5 4,
5 a b
8 du 1 5
52
(u 2 4)2 dx 10 4
1
5
8
3
When u 5 ,
5
dy 8
52
du
a 2 b
3 20 2 10. a. i. y 5 Ax2 2 4B 5
5 5 yr 5 5Ax2 2 4B 4 (2x)
52 10xAx2 2 4B 4 5 0
(217)2
When x 5 4, x 5 0, x 5 62
dy 8(25) 1 ii. y 5 Ax3 2 xB 2
5 3 yr 5 2Ax3 2 xB A3x2 2 1B
dx 172 8
25
Horizontal tangent,
5 2x(x2 2 1)(3x2 2 1) 5 0
289
!3
c. y 5 f("x2 1 9), f r(5) 5 22, x 5 4 x 5 0, x 5 61, x 5 6 .
3
5 f r("x2 1 9) 3 Ax2 1 9B 22 (2x)
dy 1 1
dx 2
dy 1 1
5 f r(5) ? ? ? 8
dx 2 5

b. i. Slope of x 1 5y 2 10 5 0 is 2 15.
x52
y 5 3(4) 2 14 1 5
5 3.
y 2 3 5 5(x 2 2)
5x 2 y 2 7 5 0.
dy
5 4x
dx
Therefore, 8 5 16 1 b, b 5 28.
Or 8x 1 b 5 2x2
2x2 2 8x 2 b 5 0
8 6 !64 1 8b
x5 .
2(2)
64 1 8b 5 0, b 5 28.
14. a.
b.
11. a. y 5 Ax2 1 5x 1 2B 4 at (0, 16)
yr 5 4Ax2 1 5x 1 2B 3 (2x 1 5)
At x 5 0,
yr 5 4(2)3 (5)
5 160
y 2 16 5 160(x 2 0)
y 5 160x 1 16
or 160x 2 y 1 16 5 0
b. y 5 A3x22 2 2x3 B 5 at (1, 1)
yr 5 5A3x22 2 2x3 B 4 A26x23 2 6x2 B
At x 5 1,
5 260
y 2 1 5 260(x 2 1)
60x 1 y 2 61 5 0.
12. y 5 3x2 2 7x 1 5
dy
dx

Ax2 2 6B A3x2 B 2 x3 (2x) 30x 5 30
Ax2 2 6B 2
c. f r(x) 5 x51
Therefore a 5 1.
x4 2 18x2
Ax 2 6B 2
5 2 16. M 5 0.1t2 2 0.001t3
a. When t 5 10,
x4 2 18x2
M 5 0.1(100) 2 0.001(1000)
Ax2 2 6B 2
50
59
x2 Ax2 2 18B 5 0 When t 5 15,
x2 5 0 or x2 2 18 5 0 M 5 0.1(225) 2 0.001(3375)
x50 x 5 63 !2 5 19.125
are (0, 0), Q 3 !2, 9 !2 9 !2
2 R , and Q 23!2, 2 2 R .
b. Mr 5 0.2t 2 0.003t2
When t 5 10,
part b.
Mr 5 0.2(10) 2 0.003(100)
16 2 72
f r(2) 5 5 1.7
(22)2
1.7 words> min.
256
5
4 When t 5 15,
5 214 Mr 5 0.2(15) 2 0.003(225)
5 2.325
2.325 words> min.
30
17. a. N(t) 5 20 2
"9 1 t2
5 2
15. a. f(x) 5 2x3 2 5x3 30t
A9 1 t2 B 2
5 2 2 1 Nr(t) 5 3
f r(x) 5 2 3 x3 2 5 3 x3
5 x 2 13
f(x) 5 0 6 x3 32x 2 54 5 0
2
2
18. C(x) 5 x3 1 40x 1 700
3
f r(x) 5 a 13 b
10 x 2 1
a. Cr(x) 5 x2 1 40
3 x
b. Cr(x) 5 76
f ra b 5
5 10 3 1
3 3 5 13 x2 1 40 5 76
2 3 2 Q2 R
x2 5 36
!
3
2 2 1 x56
553 3 5 53 3 23
5 (25 3 2)3
1
x2 2
19. R(x) 5 750x 2 2 x3
5! 3 6 3
50
10 23 x
10 Rr(x) 5 750 2 2 2x2
x 2 13 5 0 3
3 3x

b. Rr(10) 5 750 2
10
2 2(100) c. h(x) 5 " 3
(x 2 2)2
5 $546.67 at x 5 1.
20 d. m(x) 5 Z3x 2 3 Z 2 1.
!p 2 1
20. D(p) 5 ,p.1
Dr(p) 5 20a2 b (p 2 1)22
2 3
23. a. f(x) 5 2
10 4x 2 x
52 3
(p 2 1)2 3
5
10 10 x(4x 2 1)
Dr(5) 5 52
4
21. B(x) 5 20.2x2 1 500, 0 # x # 40 x2 2 x 2 6
b. f(x) 5
a. B(0) 5 20.2(0)2 1 500 5 500 x2 2 9
B(30) 5 20.2(30)2 1 500 5 320 (x 2 3)(x 1 2)
5
b. Br(x) 5 20.4x (x 2 3)(x 1 3)
Br(0) 5 20.4(0) 5 0 (x 1 2)
5 for x 2 3
Br(30) 5 20.4(30) 5 212 (x 1 3)
5 !(x 2 6)(x 2 1)
d. Br(50) 5 20.4(50) 5 220
B(50) 5 20.2(50)2 1 500 5 0
(t 1 1)(25) 2 (25t)(t)
5
5
22. a. f(x) 5 f(x) 5 2x 1 3
1 2 x2
3x 1
5 y5
(1 2 x)(1 1 x) 2x 1 3
yr 5
x21 2
b. g(x) 5 2 52
x 1 5x 2 6 (2x 1 3)2
x21 f(x) 5 5x 1 10
5
(x 1 6)(x 2 1) 1
y5
1 5x 1 10
5 for x 2 1
(x 1 6) (5x 1 10)(0) 2 (1)(5)
yr 5
5 28. a. f(x) 5 (2x 2 5)3 (3x2 1 4)5
52
(5x 1 10)2 f r(x) 5 (2x 2 5)3 (5)A3x2 1 4B 4 (6x)
1
5 30x(2x 2 5)3 A3x2 1 4B 4
2a 1 6(3x2 1 4)5 (2x 2 5)2
yr 5
(ax 1 b)2 5 6(2x 2 5)2 A3x2 1 4B 4
3 C5x(2x 2 5) 1 A3x2 1 4B D
yr 5 lim c d
1 1 1
5 6(2x 2 5)2 A3x2 1 4B 4
2
1 ax 1 b 2 3a(x 1 h)b4 3 A10x2 2 25x 1 3x2 1 4B
5 lim c d
hS0 h 3a(x 1 h) 1 b4 (ax 1 h) 5 6(2x 2 5)2 (3x2 1 4)4
3 (13x2 2 25x 1 4)
5 lim c d
1 ax 1 b 2 ax 2 ah 2 b
b. g(x) 5 (8x )(4x2 1 2x 2 3)5
3
hS0 h 3a(x 1 h) 1 b4 (ax 1 b)
gr(x) 5 (8x3 )(5)(4x2 1 2x 2 3)4 (8x 1 2)
5 lim c d
1 2ah 1 (4x2 1 2x 2 3)5 (24x2 )
hS0 h 3a(x 1 h) 1 b4 (ax 1 b) 5 40x3 (4x2 1 2x 2 3)4 (8x 1 2)
2a 1 24x2 (4x2 1 2x 2 3)5
hS0 3a(x 1 h) 1 b4 (ax 1 b)
5 lim 5 8x2 (4x2 1 2x 2 3)4 35x(8x 1 2)
2a 1 3(4x2 1 2x 2 3)4
5 5 8x2 (4x2 1 2x 2 3)4
(ax 1 b)2
26. a. Let y 5 f(x) (40x2 1 10x 1 12x2 1 6x 2 9)
(2x 2 3)2 1 5 5 8x2 (4x2 1 2x 2 3)4 (52x2 1 16x 2 9)
y5 c. y 5 (5 1 x)2 (4 2 7x3 )6
2x 2 3
yr 5 (5 1 x)2 (6)(4 2 7x3 )5 (221x2 )
Let u 5 2x 2 3.
1 (4 2 7x3 )6 (2)(5 1 x)
u2 1 5
Then y 5 . 5 2126x2 (5 1 x)2 (4 2 7x3 )5
u
1 2(5 1 x)(4 2 7x3 )6
y 5 u 1 5u21 5 2(5 1 x)(4 2 7x3 )5 3263x2 (5 1 x)
b. f r(x) 5
dy 1 4 2 7x34
dx 5 2(5 1 x)(4 2 7x3 )5 (4 2 315x2 2 70x3 )
dy dy du 6x 2 1
5 3 d. h(x) 5
dx du dx (3x 1 5)4
5 (1 2 5u22 )(2) (3x 1 5)4 (6) 2 (6x 2 1)(4)(3x 1 5)3 (3)
5 2(1 2 5(2x 2 3)22 ) hr(x) 5
((3x 1 5)4 )2
27. g(x) 5 !2x 2 3 1 5(2x 2 3) 6(3x 1 5) 3(3x 1 5) 2 2(6x 2 1)4
3
5
(3x 1 5)8
a. Let y 5 g(x). 6(29x 1 7)
y 5 !2x 2 3 1 5(2x 2 3) 5
(3x 1 5)5
Let u 5 2x 2 3. (2x2 2 5)3
e. y 5
Then y 5 !u 1 5u. (x 1 8)2
dy dy du dy (x 1 8)2 (3)(2x2 2 5)2 (4x)
A(x 1 8)2 B 2
b. gr(x) 5 5 3 5
dx du dx dx
(2x2 2 5)3 (2)(x 1 8)
5 a u 1 5b (2)
1 212
A(x 1 8)2 B 2
2
2
212
5 u 1 10 2(x 1 8)(2x2 2 5)2 36x(x 1 8) 2 (2x2 2 5)4
1
5 (2x 2 3)22 1 10 5
(x 1 8)4
2(2x2 2 5)2 (4x2 1 48x 1 5)
5
(x 1 8)3

23x4 In (1),
f. f(x) 5
"4x 2 8 4a 2 8a 5 16
23x4 24a 5 16
5 1
a 5 24
(4x 2 8)2
1
Using (1),
(4x 2 8)2 (212x3 ) b 5 28(24) 5 32
A(4x 2 8)2 B 2
f r(x) 5 1
a 5 24, b 5 32, c 5 0, f(x) 5 24x2 1 32x
30. a. A(t) 5 2t3 1 5t 1 750
(23x4 )a b (4x 2 8) 2 2 (4)
1 1
2 Ar(t) 5 23t2 1 5
A(4x 2 8)2 B 2
2 1 b. Ar(5) 5 23(25) 1 5
5 270
26x3 (4x 2 8)22 32(4x 2 8) 2 x4
1

5 3
5 3
g. g(x) 5 a b
2x 1 5 4
b
2x 1 5 3
gr(x) 5 4a
6 2 x2
3a b
(6 2 x2 )(2) 2 (2x 1 5)(22x)
(6 2 x2 )2
b a b
2x 1 5 3 2(6 1 x2 1 5x)
5 4a
b a b
2x 1 5 3 (x 1 2)(x 1 3)
5 8a
6 2 x2 (6 2 x2 )2 Chapter 2 Test, p. 114
h. y 5 c 2 3d
3
dx
0 5 a(0)2 1 b(0) 1 c f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
3. f(x) 5 lim
c50 hS0 h
5 lim
0 5 a(8)2 1 b(8) 1 c hS0 h
0 5 64a 1 8b 1 0 x 1 h 2 (x2 1 2hx 1 h2 ) 2 x 1 x2
5 lim
8a 1 b 5 0 (2) hS0 h
Solve (1) and (2): h 2 2hx 2 h2
From (2), b 5 28a (1) 5 lim
hS0 h

h(1 2 2x 2 h) 6. y 5 3u2 1 2u
5 lim
hS0 h dy
5 6u 1 2
5 lim (1 2 2x 2 h) du
u 5 "x2 1 5
hS0
5 1 2 2x
d du 1 1
Therefore, (x 2 x2 ) 5 1 2 2x. 5 (x2 1 5)22 2x

dx dy 2
b
1 dy x
5 (6u 1 2)a
4. a. y 5 x3 2 3x25 1 4p
3 dx "x 1 5
2
dy At x 5 22, u 5 3.
5 x2 1 15x26
dx
5 (20)a2 b
b. y 5 6(2x 2 9)5 dy 2
dy dx 3
5 30(2x 2 9)4 (2) 40
dx 52
5 60(2x 2 9)4 3
2 x 3
7. y 5 (3x22 2 2x3 )5
c. y 5 1 1 6"
"x "3
x dy
5 5(3x22 2 2x3 )4 (26x23 2 6x2 )
1 1 1
dx
5 2x22 1 x 1 6x3
"3
At (1, 1),
dy
dy 3 1 2 5 5(1)4 (26 2 6)
5 2x22 1 1 2x23
"3
dx
dx
5 260.
d. y 5 a b
x2 1 6 5
b
dy x2 1 6 4 2x(3x 1 4) 2 (x2 1 6)3 y 2 1 5 260x 1 60
5 5a
dx 3x 1 4 (3x 1 4)2 60x 1 y 2 61 5 0.
5(x2 1 6)4 (3x2 1 8x 2 18)
5 1
(3x 1 4)6 8. P(t) 5 (t 4 1 3)3
e. y 5 x2 "3
6x2 2 7 Pr(t) 5 3(t 4 1 3)2 a t24 b
1 1 3
dy 1 1 2
4
5 2x(6x2 2 7)3 1 x2 (6x2 2 7)23 (12x)
Pr(16) 5 3(16 4 1 3)2 a 3 1624 b
dx 3 1 1 3
2
5 2x(6x2 2 7)23 ( (6x2 2 7) 1 2x2 ) 4
5 3(2 1 3)2 a 3 b
2
5 2x(6x2 2 7)23 (8x2 2 7) 1 1
4x5 2 5x4 1 6x 2 2 4 8
f. y 5 75
x4 5
5 4x 2 5 1 6x23 2 2x24 32
5 4 2 18x24 1 8x25 75
dx 32 ppm>year.
4x5 2 18x 1 8 9. y 5 x4
5
x5 dy
5 4x3
5. y 5 (x2 1 3x 2 2)(7 2 3x) dx
dy 1
5 (2x 1 3)(7 2 3x) 1 (x2 1 3x 2 2)(23) 2 5 4x3
dx 16
At (1, 8),
dy
5 (5)(4) 1 (2)(23) dy 1
dx 52 .
dx 16
5 14.
1
y 5 (x2 1 3x 2 2)(7 2 3x) at (1, 8) is 14. 64

1 11. y 5 x2 1 ax 1 b
x52
4 dy
5 2x 1 a
1 dx
y5
256 y 5 x3
5 3x2
16 at Q 2 14, 256
1
R. dx
dy (1, 1), then 2x 1 a 5 3x2.
5 3x2 2 2x 2 1 At (1, 1) 2(1) 1 a 5 3(1)2
dx
dy a 5 1.
3x2 2 2x 2 1 5 0
y 5 x2 1 x 1 b, 1 5 12 1 1 1 b
(3x 1 1)(x 2 1) 5 0
b 5 21.
1
3 respectively.
1 1 1
y52 2 1 11 y51212111
27 9 3
50
21 2 3 1 9 1 27
5
27
32
5
27
27 ), (1, 0 R .

CHAPTER 2
Derivatives
b. slope 5
2 12
pp. 6263
52
1. a. a5 3 a3 5 a513 21
5 a8 c. slope 5 5
b. A22a2 B 3 5 (22)3 Aa2 B 3
3
5 28Aa233 B
3
52
5
5 28a6
21
4p 3 6p9
7
24p719 d. slope 5
c. 5 21
12p15 12p15
51
5 2p16215
24 2 (22)
4 25 26 22 23 2 9
5 a22b27 22
5
1 212
5 2 7 1
ab 5
5 (3)A24 BAe6 B Ae334 B
y 1 4 5 16 (x 1 3) or x 2 6y 2 21 5 0.
A3a B C2a (2b)3 D
24 3
(3)(2)A21B 3 Aa2413 B Ab3 B
12a5b2 12a5b2 y 1 5 5 32 (x 1 2) or 3x 2 2y 2 4 5 0.
26Aa 2125
5
12 21
21Aa B AbB
5 4
b 5. a. (x 2 3y)(2x 1 y) 5 2x2 1 xy 2 6xy 2 3y2
52 6
2a 5 2x2 2 5xy 2 3y2
2. a. Ax2 B Ax3 B 5 x2 1 3
1 2 1 2
2
b. (x 2 2)(x 2 3x 1 4)
5 x6
7
5 x3 2 3x2 1 4x 2 2x2 1 6x 2 8
b. A8x6 B 3 5 83x63 3 5 x3 2 5x2 1 10x 2 8
2 2 2
5 4x4 c. (6x 2 3)(2x 1 7) 5 12x2 1 42x 2 6x 2 21

"a "
1 1
5 12x2 1 36x 2 21
3
a ( a2)( a3)
5 d. 2(x 1 y) 2 5(3x 2 8y) 5 2x 1 2y 2 15x 1 40y
"a
c. 1
a2 5 213x 1 42y
1
5 a3 2
e. (2x 2 3y) 1 (5x 1 y) 2
21 f. 3x(2x 2 y)2 2 x(5x 2 y)(5x 1 y)
a. slope 5 2
5 3x(4x2 2 4xy 1 y2 ) 2 x(25x2 2 y2 )
3 5 12x3 2 12x2y 1 3xy2 2 25x3 1 xy2
3 5 213x3 2 12x2y 1 4xy2
52
2
3x(x 1 2) 5x3 15x4 (x 1 2) b. x2 1 4x 2 32 5 x2 1 8x 2 4x 2 32
6. a. 3 5
x2 2x(x 1 2) 2x3 (x 1 2) 5 x(x 1 8) 2 4(x 1 8)
15 5 (x 2 4)(x 1 8)
5 x423 c. 3a2 2 4a 2 7 5 3a2 2 7a 1 3a 2 7
2
15 5 a(3a 2 7) 1 1(3a 2 7)
5 x 5 (a 1 1)(3a 2 7)
2
d. x4 2 1 5 (x2 1 1)(x2 2 1)
x 2 0, 22
5 (x2 1 1)(x 1 1)(x 2 1)
y (y 2 5)2
b. 3 e. x 2 y 5 (x 2 y)(x2 1 xy 1 y2 )
3 3
(y 1 2)(y 2 5) 4y3
f. r4 2 5r 2 1 4 5 r4 2 4r 2 2 r 2 1 4
y(y 2 5)(y 2 5)
5 3 5 r 2 (r 2 2 4) 2 1(r 2 2 4)
4y (y 1 2)(y 2 5) 5 (r2 2 1)(r2 2 4)
y25 5 (r 1 1)(r 2 1)(r 1 2)(r 2 2)
5 2
y 2 22, 0, 5 50
c. 4 5 3
5
9(h 1 k) a2 1 ab 1 b2
8 a 2 bq a3 1 0a2 1 0a 2 b3
5
9 a3 2 a2b
h 2 2k
a2b 1 0a 2 b3
(x 1 y)(x 2 y) (x 1 y)3
d. 4 a2b 2 ab2
5(x 2 y) 10
ab2 2 b3
(x 1 y)(x 2 y) 10
5 3 ab2 2 b3
5(x 2 y) (x 1 y)3
0
10(x 1 y)(x 2 y)
5
5(x 2 y)(x 1 y)3 So a3 2 b3 5 (a 2 b)(a2 1 ab 1 b2 ).
(x 1 y)2
2x x21 2x(x 2 1) 2x(x 2 1)
x2 2 7x 2 x 1 7 1 10x2 5 (a 2 b)(a6 1 a5b 1 a4b2 1 a3b3
5 1 a2b4 1 ab5 1 b6 ).
2x(x 2 1)
2x(x 2 1)
1 a2bn23 1 abn22 1 bn21 ).
x 2 0, 1
9. a. f(2) 5 22(24 ) 1 3(22 ) 1 7 2 2(2)
x11 x12
f. 2 5 232 1 12 1 7 2 4
x22 x13 5 217
(x 1 1)(x 1 3) (x 1 2)(x 2 2) b. f(21) 5 22(21)4 1 3(21)2 1 7 2 2(21)
5 2
(x 2 2)(x 1 3) (x 1 3)(x 2 2) 5 22 1 3 1 7 1 2
x2 1 x 1 3x 1 3 2 x2 1 4 5 10
5
(x 1 3)(x 2 2)
c. f a b 5 22a b 1 3a b 1 7 2 2a b
1 1 4 1 2 1
4x 1 7 2 2 2 2
5
(x 1 3)(x 2 2) 1 3
x 2 23, 2 52 1 1721
8 4
7. a. 4k2 2 9 5 (2k 1 3)(2k 2 3) 53
5
8
3h2 1 10h
d. f(20.25) 5 f a2 b
1
5
4 h
5 3h 1 10
5 2a2 b 1 3a2 b 1 7 2 2a2 b
1 4 1 2 1
52 1 171 b. For h 5 0.01: 3(0.01) 1 10 5 10.03
128 16 2
128
8 7.68
!2 ( !2)( !2)
10. a. 5
5
!3 ( !3)(!3)
4!3 2 !6
3
2 1 3 !2 (2 1 3 !2)(3 1 4 !2)
3 2 4 !2 (3 2 4 !2)(3 1 4 !2)
c. 5
5

9 2 16(2)
30 1 17!2
23
(3!2 2 4 !3)(3 !2 2 4 !3)
5
(3 !2 1 4 !3)(3"2 2 4 !3)
d.
(3!2)2 2 24!6 1 (4 !3)2 3.
5
(3!2)2 2 (4!3)2 y y
4 4
9(2) 2 24!6 1 16(3)
5 2 2
9(2) 2 16(3) x x
66 2 24 !6 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
52 2 2
30 4 4
11 2 4 !6
52
5 4. a. f(x) 5 5x 2 2
11. a. f(x) 5 3x2 2 2x f(a 1 h) 5 5(a 1 h) 2 2
When a 5 2, 5 5a 1 5h 2 2
5
h h 5 5h
3(2 1 h) 2 2(2 1 h) 2 C3(2)2 2 2(2)D
2
b. f(x) 5 x2 1 3x 2 1
5 f(a 1 h) 5 (a 1 h)2 1 3(a 1 h) 2 1
h
3(4 1 4h 1 h2 ) 2 4 2 2h 2 8 5 a2 1 2ah 1 h2 1 3a
5 1 3h 2 1
h
12 1 12h 1 3h2 2 2h 2 12 f(a 1 h) 2 f(a) 5 a2 1 2ah 1 h2 1 3a 1 3h
5 2 1 2 (a2 1 3a 2 1)
h
5 2ah 1 h2 1 3h

3h2 1 10h
d. f(20.25) 5 f a2 b
1
5
4 h
5 3h 1 10
5 2a2 b 1 3a2 b 1 7 2 2a2 b
1 4 1 2 1
52 1 171 b. For h 5 0.01: 3(0.01) 1 10 5 10.03
128 16 2
128
8 7.68
!2 ( !2)( !2)
10. a. 5
5
!3 ( !3)(!3)
4!3 2 !6
3
2 1 3 !2 (2 1 3 !2)(3 1 4 !2)
3 2 4 !2 (3 2 4 !2)(3 1 4 !2)
c. 5
5

9 2 16(2)
30 1 17!2
23
(3!2 2 4 !3)(3 !2 2 4 !3)
5
(3 !2 1 4 !3)(3"2 2 4 !3)
d.
(3!2)2 2 24!6 1 (4 !3)2 3.
5
(3!2)2 2 (4!3)2 y y
4 4
9(2) 2 24!6 1 16(3)
5 2 2
9(2) 2 16(3) x x
66 2 24 !6 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
52 2 2
30 4 4
11 2 4 !6
52
5 4. a. f(x) 5 5x 2 2
11. a. f(x) 5 3x2 2 2x f(a 1 h) 5 5(a 1 h) 2 2
When a 5 2, 5 5a 1 5h 2 2
5
h h 5 5h
3(2 1 h) 2 2(2 1 h) 2 C3(2)2 2 2(2)D
2
b. f(x) 5 x2 1 3x 2 1
5 f(a 1 h) 5 (a 1 h)2 1 3(a 1 h) 2 1
h
3(4 1 4h 1 h2 ) 2 4 2 2h 2 8 5 a2 1 2ah 1 h2 1 3a
5 1 3h 2 1
h
12 1 12h 1 3h2 2 2h 2 12 f(a 1 h) 2 f(a) 5 a2 1 2ah 1 h2 1 3a 1 3h
5 2 1 2 (a2 1 3a 2 1)
h
5 2ah 1 h2 1 3h

c. f(x) 5 x3 2 4x 1 1 f(0 1 h) 2 f(0)
c. f r (0) 5 lim
f(a 1 h) 5 (a 1 h)3 2 4(a 1 h) 1 1 hS0 h
5 a3 1 3a2h 1 3ah2 1 h3 !h 1 1 2 !0 1 1
2 4a 2 4h 1 1 5 lim
hS0 h
!h 1 1 2 1
f(a 1 h) 2 f(a) 5 a3 1 3a2h 1 3ah2 1 h3 2 4a
2 4h 1 1 2 (a3 2 4a 1 1) 5 lim
5 3a2h 1 3ah2 1 h3 2 4h hS0 h
d. f(x) 5 x2 1 x 2 6 ( ! h 1 1 2 1)( ! h 1 1 1 1)
5 lim
f(a 1 h) 5 (a 1 h)2 1 (a 1 h) 2 6 hS0 h( ! h 1 1 1 1)
5 a2 1 2ah 1 h2 1 a 1 h 2 6
f(a 1 h) 2 f(a) 5 a2 1 2ah 1 h2 1 a 1 h 2 6
( "h 1 1) 2 2 1
5 lim
hS0 h( !h 1 1 1 1)
2 (a2 1 a 2 6)
5 2ah 1 h2 1 h h1121
hS0 h( !h 1 1 1 1)
5 lim
e. f(x) 5 27x 1 4
f(a 1 h) 5 27(a 1 h) 1 4 1
5 lim
hS0 ( !h 1 1 1 1)
5 27a 2 7h 1 4
f(a 1 h) 2 f(a) 5 27a 2 7h 1 4 2 (27a 1 4)
5 27h 1
5 lim
hS0 ( !1 1 1)
f. f(x) 5 4 2 2x 2 x2
f(a 1 h) 5 4 2 2(a 1 h) 2 (a 1 h)2 1
5
5 4 2 2a 2 2h 2 a2 2 2ah 2 h2 2
f(a 1 h) 2 f(a) 5 4 2 2a 2 2h 2 a2 2 2ah f(21 1 h) 2 f(21)
2 h2 2 4 1 2a 1 a2 d. f r(21) 5 lim
hS0 h
5 22h 2 h2 2 2ah 5 5
2 21
f(1 1 h) 2 f(1) 5 lim 21 1 h
5. a. f r (1) 5 lim hS0 h
hS0 h
(1 1 h)2 2 12 5
5 lim 21 1 h 1 5
hS0 h 5 lim
hS0 h
1 1 2h 1 h2 2 1
5 lim 5 5(21 1 h)
hS0 h 1 21 1 h
5 lim 21 1 h
2h 1 h2 hS0 h
5 lim
hS0 h 5 2 5 1 5h
5 lim (2 1 h) 5 lim
hS0 h(21 1 h)
hS0
5h
52 5 lim
hS0 h(21 1 h)
f(3 1 h) 2 f(3)
b. f r(3) 5 lim 5
hS0 h 5 lim
hS0 (21 1 h)
5 lim c
(3 1 h)2 1 3(3 1 h) 1 1
5
hS0 h 5
21
d
2
(3 1 3(3) 1 1)
2 5 25
h
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
9 1 6h 1 h2 1 9 1 3h 1 1 2 19 6. a. f r (x) 5 lim
5 lim hS0 h
hS0 h
25(x 1 h) 2 8 2 (25x 2 8)
9h 1 h2 5 lim
5 lim hS0 h
hS0 h
25x 2 5h 2 8 1 5x 1 8
5 lim (9 1 h) 5 lim
hS0 hS0 h
59

25h A !3x 1 3h 1 2 B 2 2 A !3x 1 2 B 2
5 lim
hA !3x 1 3h 1 2 1 !3x 1 2 B
5 lim
hS0 h hS0
5 lim 25
hS0 3x 1 3h 1 2 2 3x 2 2
hS0 hA !3x 1 3h 1 2 1 !3x 1 2B
5 lim
5 25
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x) 3
b. f r(x) 5 lim
hS0 !3x 1 3h 1 2 1 !3x 1 2
5 lim
hS0 h
5 lim c
2(x 1 h)2 1 4(x 1 h) 3
2 !3x 1 2
hS0 h 5
A2x2 1 4xB
5 f r(x) 5 lim
5 lim c
2x2 1 4xh 1 2h2 1 4x dx hS0 h
hS0 h 6 2 7(x 1 h) 2 (6 2 7x)
5 lim
d
4h 2 2x2 2 4x hS0 h
1
h 6 2 7x 2 7h 2 6 1 7x
5 lim
4xh 1 2h2 1 4h hS0 h
5 lim
hS0 h 27h
5 lim
5 lim (4x 1 2h 1 4) hS0 h
hS0
5 lim 27
5 4x 1 4 hS0
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x) 5 27
c. f r(x) 5 lim
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
5 lim c
6(x 1 h)3 2 7(x 1 h) dy
5 f r(x) 5 lim
hS0 h dx hS0 h
x1h11 x11
d
(6x3 2 7x) 2x21
2 x1h21
h 5 lim
hS0 h
5 lim c
6x3 1 18x2h 1 18xh2 1 6h3 (x 1 h 1 1)(x 2 1)
hS0 h
5 lim (x 1 h 2 1)(x 2 1)
d
27x 2 7h 2 6x3 1 7x hS0 h
1
h (x 1 1)(x 1 h 2 1)
18x2h 1 18xh2 1 6h3 2 7h (x 2 1)(x 1 h 2 1)
5 lim 2
hS0 h h
5 lim (18x 1 18xh 1 6h2 2 7)
2
x2 1 hx 1 x 2 x 2 h 2 1
hS0
5 lim
(x 1 h 2 1)(x 2 1)
5 18x2 2 7
hS0 h
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
d. f r(x) 5 lim
hS0 h x2 1 hx 2 x 1 x 1 h 2 1
!3(x 1 h) 1 2 2 !3x 1 2 (x 1 h 2 1)(x 2 1)
5 lim 2
hS0 h h
!3x 1 3h 1 2 2 !3x 1 2 22h
5 lim (x 1 h 2 1)(x 2 1)
hS0 h 5 lim
A !3x 1 3h 1 2 2 !3x 1 2 B
hS0 h
5 lim c 22
hS0 h 5 lim
hS0 (x 1 h 2 1)(x 2 1)
A !3x 1 3h 1 2 1 !3x 1 2B
d 2
A !3x 1 3h 1 2 1 !3x 1 2B
3 52
(x 2 1)2

dy f(x 1 h) 2 f(x) 12
5 f r(x) 5 lim
dx hS0 h 10
3(x 1 h)2 2 3x2 8
5 lim
hS0 h 6
3x2 1 6xh 1 3h2 2 3x2 4
5 lim
hS0 h 2
x
6xh 1 3h2
5 lim 6 4 2 0 2 4 6
hS0 h 2
5 lim 6x 1 3h 4
hS0
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x) f r(x) 5 lim
f r(x) 5 lim hS0 h
hS0 h (x 1 h)3 2 x3
2(x 1 h)2 2 4(x 1 h) 2 2x2 1 4x 5 lim
5 lim hS0 h
hS0 h x3 1 3x2h 1 3xh2 1 h3 2 x3
5 lim
5 lim c
2x 1 4xh 1 2h2 2 4x 2 4h
2
hS0 h
hS0 h 3x2h 1 3xh2 1 h3
5 lim
d
2
22x 1 4x
1 hS0 h
h 5 lim 3x2 1 3xh 1 h2
4xh 1 h2 2 4h hS0
5 lim 5 3x2
hS0 h
hS0 f r(22) 5 3(22)2
5 4x 2 4 5 12
f r(0) 5 4(0) 2 4 f r(21) 5 3(21)2
5 24 53
f r(1) 5 4(1) 2 4 f r(0) 5 3(0)2
50 50
f r(2) 5 4(2) 2 4 f r(1) 5 3(1)2
54 53
4 f r(2) 5 3(2)2
3 5 12
2 c. y
1 12
x 10
2 1 0 1 2 3 4
1 8
2 6
4
2
x
6 4 2 0 2 4 6
2

2 !x 1 1
5
s(t 1 h) 2 s(t)
sr(t) 5 lim 32 5 A !x 1 1B 2
hS0 h
95x11
2 (t 1 h)2 1 8(t 1 h) 2 (2t2 1 8t)
5 lim 85x
f(8) 5 !8 1 1
hS0 h
2t2 2 2th 2 h2 1 8t 1 8h 1 t2 2 8t
5 lim
hS0 h 5 !9
22th 2 h2 1 8h 53
hS0 h
5 22t 1 8 dy f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
dx hS0 h
sr(0) 5 22(0) 1 8
c2c
5 8 m>s 5 lim
hS0 h
0
sr(4) 5 22(4) 1 8 5 lim
hS0 h
5 0 m>s
sr(6) 5 22(6) 1 8 b. Let y 5 f(x), then
5 24 m>s dy f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
5 f r(x) 5 lim
11. f r(x) 5 lim (x 1 h) 2 x
hS0 h 5 lim
!x 1 h 1 1 2 !x 1 1
hS0 h
5 lim h
hS0 h 5 lim
hS0 h
A !x 1 h 1 1 2 !x 1 1 B
5 lim c 5 lim 1
hS0
hS0 h
51
A !x 1 h 1 1 1 !x 1 1 B
A !x 1 h 1 1 1 !x 1 1 B
3
dy f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
A !x 1 h 1 1 B 2 2 A !x 1 1 B 2
5 f r(x) 5 lim
dx hS0 h
hS0 hA !x 1 h 1 1 1 !x 1 1 B
5 lim
m(x 1 h) 1 b 2 mx 2 b
5 lim
x1h112x21 hS0 h
hS0 hA !x 1 h 1 1 1 !x 1 1B
5 lim
hS0 h
h
hS0 hA !x 1 h 1 1 1 !x 1 1B
5 lim mh
5 lim
hS0 h
1 5 lim m
A !x 1 h 1 1 1 !x 1 1 B
5 lim hS0
hS0
5m
2 !x 1 1
5
dy f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
5 f r(x) 5 lim
5 lim c
a(x 1 h)2 1 b(x 1 h) 1 c
f r(x) 5 16.
d
(ax2 1 bx 1 c)
2
h

5 lim c
d
2ax2 2 bx 2 c
h
hS0 h
lim2 5 lim2
f r(x) 5 lim
hS0 h 2h2
5 lim2
(x 1 h)3 2 x3 hS0 h
5 lim
hS0 h 5 lim2 (2h)
hS0
x 1 3x2h 1 3xh2 1 h3 2 x3
3
5 lim 50
hS0 h f(0 1 h) 2 f(0) (0 1 h)2 2 A02 B
3x h 1 3xh 1 h3
2 2 lim1 5 lim1
5 lim hS0 h hS0 h
hS0 h h2
5 lim 3x 1 3xh 1 h2
2 5 lim1
hS0 hS0 h
5 3x2
5 lim1 (h)
hS0
50
14. h(t) 5 18t 2 4.9t2
a. hr(t) 5 lim
kS0 k f(a 1 h) 2 f(a)
18(t 1 k) 2 4.9(t 1 k)2 6 5 lim
5 lim hS0 h
kS0 k f(a 1 h) 2 0
A18t 2 4.9t2 B 6 5 lim
hS0 h
2
k f(a 1 h)
18t 1 18k 2 4.9t 2 2 9.8tk 2 4.9k2 3 5 lim
5 lim hS0 2h
kS0 k 18. y
18t 1 4.9t2 6
2
k 4
18k 2 9.8tk 2 4.9k2 2
5 lim x
kS0 k
5 lim (18 2 9.8t 2 4.9k) 1 1 2 3 4 5
2
kS0
5 18 2 9.8t 2 4.9(0)
f(x) is continuous.
5 18 2 9.8t f(3) 5 2
Then hr(2) 5 18 2 9.8(2) 5 21.6 m>s. But f r(3) 5 `.
hS0 h

5 lim c
Ax 2 4x 2 5B
d
2
h
d
5 lim c
dx
hS0 h
Ax B 5 3x2
d 3
d
1 dx
h
A4x3 B 5 12x2
d
5 lim dx
hS0 h
Ax 1 xB 5 2x 1 1
d 2
hS0 dx
5 2x 1 0 2 4
Ax 2 x2 1 3xB 5 3x2 2 2x 1 3
d 3
dx
dx dx
dx dx
5 4Ax0 B 2 0
2x 2 4 5 2
x53
54
When x 5 3, y 5 (3)2 2 4(3) 2 5 5 28.
d d
20. f(x) 5 x2 dx dx
c. f r(x) 5 A2x2 B 1 (5x) 1 (8)
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x) d d d
f r 5 lim dx dx dx
hS0 h
5 2 Ax2 B 1 5 (x) 1
(x 1 h)2 2 x2 d d d
5 lim (8)
hS0 h dx dx dx
(x 1 h 1 x)(x 1 h 2 x) 5 2 (2x) 1 5 1 0
5 lim 5 22x 1 5
hS0 h
d. f r(x) 5 ("
d 3
h(2x 1 h) x)
5 lim dx
hS0 h
d 1
5 lim (2x 1 h) 5 ( x3 )
hS0 dx
5 2x 1 0 1 1
5 2x 5 ( x(3 21))
3
3
y 2 a2 5 (2a)(x 2 a) 1
y 5 (2a)x 2 a2 5 3 2
e. f r(x) 5 aa b b
d x 4
the tangent: dx 2
5a b Ax B
23 5 (2a)(1) 2 a2 1 4d 4
2
a 2 2a 2 3 5 0 2 dx
(a 2 3)(a 1 1) 5 0
5 A4x3 B
1
a 5 21, 3 16
2x 1 y 1 1 5 0 and y 5 6x 2 9 or 6x 2 y 2 9 5 0. 5
4

5 lim c
Ax 2 4x 2 5B
d
2
h
d
5 lim c
dx
hS0 h
Ax B 5 3x2
d 3
d
1 dx
h
A4x3 B 5 12x2
d
5 lim dx
hS0 h
Ax 1 xB 5 2x 1 1
d 2
hS0 dx
5 2x 1 0 2 4
Ax 2 x2 1 3xB 5 3x2 2 2x 1 3
d 3
dx
dx dx
dx dx
5 4Ax0 B 2 0
2x 2 4 5 2
x53
54
When x 5 3, y 5 (3)2 2 4(3) 2 5 5 28.
d d
20. f(x) 5 x2 dx dx
c. f r(x) 5 A2x2 B 1 (5x) 1 (8)
f(x 1 h) 2 f(x) d d d
f r 5 lim dx dx dx
hS0 h
5 2 Ax2 B 1 5 (x) 1
(x 1 h)2 2 x2 d d d
5 lim (8)
hS0 h dx dx dx
(x 1 h 1 x)(x 1 h 2 x) 5 2 (2x) 1 5 1 0
5 lim 5 22x 1 5
hS0 h
d. f r(x) 5 ("
d 3
h(2x 1 h) x)
5 lim dx
hS0 h
d 1
5 lim (2x 1 h) 5 ( x3 )
hS0 dx
5 2x 1 0 1 1
5 2x 5 ( x(3 21))
3
3
y 2 a2 5 (2a)(x 2 a) 1
y 5 (2a)x 2 a2 5 3 2
e. f r(x) 5 aa b b
d x 4
the tangent: dx 2
5a b Ax B
23 5 (2a)(1) 2 a2 1 4d 4
2
a 2 2a 2 3 5 0 2 dx
(a 2 3)(a 1 1) 5 0
5 A4x3 B
1
a 5 21, 3 16
2x 1 y 1 1 5 0 and y 5 6x 2 9 or 6x 2 y 2 9 5 0. 5
4

A5Ax2 B 4 B
d 23 d
f. f r(x) 5
dx
(x ) e. gr(x) 5
dx
5 (23)( x2321)
5 5 Ax234 B
d
5 23x24 dx
5 5 Ax8 B
d d
3. a. hr(x) 5 ((2x 1 3)(x 1 4))
dx dx
5 5A8x7 B
A2x2 1 8x 1 3x 1 12B
d
5
dx 5 40x7
A2x2 B 1 f. sr(t) 5 a b
d d d d t5 2 3t2
5 (11x) 1 (12)
dx dx dx dt 2t
5 2 Ax2 B 1 11 (x) 1
d d d
5 a b At 4 2 3tB
(12) 1 d
dx dx dx 2 dt
5 2(2x) 1 11(1) 1 0
5 a b a At4 B 2 (3t)b
1 d d
5 4x 1 11
2 dt dt
b. f r(x) 5 A2x3 1 5x2 2 4x 2 3.75B
d
5 a b a At4 B 2 3 (t)b
1 d d
dx
2 dt dt
A5x2 B 2
d d d
5 (2x3 ) 1 (4x)
5 a b A4t 3 2 3(1)B
dx dx dx 1
d 2
2 (3.75)
dx 3
5 2t 3 2
5 2 Ax3 B 1 5 Ax2 B 2 4 (x)
d d d 2
A3x3 B
dx dx dx dy d 5
4. a. 5
d dx dx
2 (3.75)
dx d 5
5 2A3x2 B 1 5(2x) 2 4(1) 2 0 5 3 ( x3)
dx
5 6x2 1 10x 2 4
5 a b3( xA3 21))
5 5
5 At 2 At 2 2 2tB B
ds d
c. 3
dt dt 2
5 5x3
5 At 4 2 2t 3 B
d
a4x22 2 b
dt dy d 1 6
b. 5
dx dx x
5 At 4 B 2 A2t 3 B
d d
5 4 ( x22) 2 6 Ax21 B
dt dt d 1 d
dx dx
5 At B 2 2 At 3 B
d 4 d
b ( x22 21) 2 6(21)Ax2121 B
dt dt 21 1
5 4a
5 4t 3 2 2A3t 2 B 2
3
5 4t 3 2 6t 2 5 22x22 1 6x22
a x 1 x 2 x 1 1b a 3 1 2 2 3b
dy d 1 5 1 3 1 2 dy d 6 2
d. 5 c. 5

d 1 5 d 1 3 d 1 2 d d d d
5 (1) (3)
5 6(23)Ax2321 B 1 2(22)Ax2221 B 2 0
1 d 1 d 1 d
5 dx 3 dx 2 dx 5 218x24 2 4x23
d 218 4
1 (1) 5 4 2 3
dx x x
5 A5x4 B 1 A3x2 B 2 (2x) 1 0
1 1 1
5 3 2
5 x4 1 x2 2 x

dy d 5 2t 2 6(1) 1 0
d.
dx
5
dx
( 9x22 1 3"x ) 5 2t 2 6
x 2 "x
d 3
5 9 Ax22 B 1 3 ( x2)
d d 1
6. a. f r(x) 5
dx
( )
dx dx
Ax B 2 ( x2)
d 3 d 1
5 9(22)Ax2221 B 1 3a b ( x2 21)
1
5
1
2 dx dx
3 1 1
5 3x2 2 ( x2 21)
1
5 218x23 1 x22
2 2
1 1
"x 1 6"x3 1 "2
dy d
e.
dx
5
dx
( ) 5 3x2 2 x22
2
1
"2
d 1 d 3 d 1
5 ( x2) 1 6 ( x2) 1
dx dx dx
( ) so f r(a) 5 f r(4) 5 3(4)2 2 (4)22
2
1 1
5 ( x2 21) 1 6a b ( x2 21) 1 0
1 1 3
5 3(16) 2
3
2 2 2 "4
5 48 2 a b a b
1 1 1 1 1
5 ( x22) 1 9x2
2 2 2
d 1 1 "x 5 47.75
a b
dy
f. 5 d
dx dx x
1
b. f r(x) 5 (
dx
7 2 6"x 1 5x3 ) 2
a b1 a b
d 1 d x2
5 d d 1 d 2
dx x dx x 5 (7) 2 6 ( x2) 1 5 ( x3)
dx dx dx
d 21 d 1
5 (x ) 1 ( x22)
5 0 2 6a b ( x2 21) 1 5a b ( x3 21)
1 1 2 2
dx dx
21 212 21 2 3
5 (21)x2121 1 (x )
5 23x22 1 a b ( x23)
2 1 10 1
1 3 3
5 2x22 2 x22
so f r(a) 5 f r(64) 5 23( 6422) 1 a b ( 6423)
2 1 10 1
5 A22t 2 1 7tB
ds d 3
5. a.
5 23a b 1 a b
dt dt 1 10 1
5 (22)a At2 B b 1 7a (t)b
d d 8 3 4
dt dt 11
5 (22)(2t) 1 7(1) 5
24
5 24t 1 7
A3x4 B
dy d
7. a. 5
5 a18 1 5t 2 t 3 b
ds d 1 dx dx
b.
5 3 Ax4 B
dt dt 3 d
5 (18) 1 5 (t) 2 a b At 3 B
d d 1 d dx
5 12x3
5 0 1 5(1) 2 a b A3t 2 B
1
dy
5 A(t 2 3)2B
ds d 5 12
c.
a b
dt dt dy d 1
b. 5
5 At 2 2 6t 1 9B
d dx dx x25
dt
Ax B
d 5
5
5 At 2 B 2 (6) (t) 1 (9)
d d d dx
dt dt dt 5 5x4

dy dy 21
slope 5 5(21)4 16
c. y 5 2
55 x
a b a b
dy d 2 dy d 16
c. 5 5
dx dx x dx dx x2
5 2 Ax21 B 5 16 Ax22 B
d d
dx dx
5 2(21)x2121 5 16(22)x2221
5 22x22 5 232x23
dy dy
dx
23 (232)
slope 5 22(22)22 232(22) 5 (22)3
5 4.
1 d. y 5 x23 (x21 1 1)
52
2 5 x24 1 x23
5 ("16x3)
dy d dy d 24
d. 5 (x 1 x23 )
dx dx dx dx
5 "16 ( x2)
d 3
5 24x25 2 3x24
dx
4 3
52 52 4
5 4a bx2 21
3 3
x x
1
5 6x 2
dy

dy
. So the 2 145 2 134 5 27.
dx
a2x 2 b
1
9. a. 5
5 12 dx dx x
8. a. y 5 2x3 1 3x
Ax B
d d 21
5 2 (x) 2
A2x3 1 3xB
dy d dx dx
5
dx dx 5 2(1) 2 (21)x2121
5 2 Ax3 B 1 3 (x)
d d 5 2 1 x22
dy
5 6x2 1 3
6(1)2 1 3 5 9.
a 2 3b
dy d 3 4
b. 5
b. y 5 2"x 1 5 dx dx x2 x
dy d
5 (2"x 1 5) 5 3 Ax22 B 2 4 Ax23 B
d d
dx dx dx dx
d 1 d 5 3(22)x2221 2 4(23)x2321
5 2 ( x2 ) 1 (5)
dx dx 5 12x24 2 6x23
5 2a b ( x2 21) 1 0
1 1
2 dy
21
5 x2
12(21)24 2 6(21)23 5 18.

y 2 7 5 18(x 1 1) or 18x 2 y 1 25 5 0. y 5 3.5(x 2 4) or 7x 2 2y 2 28 5 0.
dy
5 ("3x3)
d d "x 2 2
a 3 b
c. dy
5
"x
dx dx f.
dx dx
5 "3 ( x2)
d 3 1
a b
d x2 2 2
dx 5 1
dx x3
5 "3a bx
3 32 21
d 1 1 1
2 5 ( x2 2 3 2 2x23)
1 dx
3"3x2
5 ( x6) 2 2 Ax23 B
5 d 1 d 1
2
dx dx
5 ( x6 21) 2 2a2 bx23 21 2 0
dy 1 1 1 1

3"3(3)2
1
9 1 256 2 243
2 2 6 3
y 2 9 5 92 (x 2 3) or 9x 2 2y 2 9 5 0. dy
a ax 1 bb
dy d 1 2 1
d. 5 5 4
So the slope is 16 (1)26 1 23 (1)23 5 56.
dx dx x x
ax 1 2 b
d 1
5 y 1 1 5 56 (x 2 1) or 5x 2 6y 2 11 5 0.
Ax B
5 (x) 1
dx dx given point.
5 1 1 (22)x2221 3 4
5 1 2 2x23 y 5 2 2 3 at P(21, 7)
x x
dy
So the slope is 1 2 2(1)23 5 21. 1
y 2 2 5 2 (x 2 1) or x 1 y 2 3 5 0. x 1 18y 2 125 5 0
3
5 (("x 2 2)(3"x 1 8))
dy d 11. y 5 3 5 3x23
1
"x
e.
dx dx
5 (3("x)2 1 8"x 2 6"x 2 16)
d
d dy 4
5 (3x 1 2"x 2 16) 5 2x23

dx dx
d d 1 d 4 1
5 (3x) 1 2 ( x2) 2 (16) x23 5
dx dx dx 16
1 1
5 3(1) 1 2a bx2 21 2 0
1 1 4 5
2 x 3
16
4
5 3 1 x22
1
x3 5 16
3

dy
1
So the slope is 3 1 (4)22 5 3.5.

1 16. y 5 15x5 2 10x, slope is 6
12. y 5 5 x21 : y 5 x3
x dy
5 x4 2 10 5 6
dy 1 dy dx
52 2: 5 3x2
dx x dx x4 5 16
1 x2 5 4 or x2 5 24
Now, 2 2 5 3x2
x x 5 62 non-real
x4 5 2 . and Q2 2, 685 R .
3
13. y 5 x2, 5 2x If x 5 a, y 5 2x2 1 3.
dx
dy dy
5 4a.
a22
4 y
2a2 5 4a2 2 8a
3 2
2a 2 8a 5 0
2 2a(a 2 4) 5 0
1 a 5 0 or a 5 4.
x
Point (2, 3):
3 2 1 0 1 2 3
14. y 5 2x2 1 3x 1 4
y 2 3 5 0. y 2 3 5 16(x 2 2) or
dy
5 22x 1 3 16x 2 y 2 29 5 0.
dy 2a2 1 10
dx a22
5 5 22x 1 3 2a2 1 10 5 4a2 2 8a
x 5 21. 2
2a 2 8a 2 10 5 0
The point is (21, 0). a2 2 4a 2 5 5 0
y (a 2 5)(a 1 1) 5 0
6
a55 a 5 21
3 y 1 7 5 20(x 2 2) y 1 7 5 24(x 2 2)
2 or 20x 2 y 2 47 5 0. or 4x 1 y 2 1 5 0.
1 a
1 2 3 4 a
1
a(22) 2 4a b 1 21 5 0
a
15. y 5 x3 1 2
4
dy
5 3x2, slope is 12 23a 1 21 5 0
dx
a 5 7.
x2 5 4
x 5 2 or x 5 22
Points are (2, 10) and (22, 26).

19. a. When h 5 200, 22. v(t) 5 Rr(t) 5 210t
d 5 3.53"200 v(2) 5 220
b. d 5 3.53!h 5 3.53h2
1
3 (0, 3)
2
dr 5 3.53a h 2 2 b
1 1
2 1
x
5
3.53 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
1
2!h
2
When h 5 200,
3.53 3
2 !200
dr 5
8 0.12 AAa,23a2 B.
dx
a. d(2) 5 4.9(2)2 5 19.6 m 23a2 2 3
Slope of PA: 5 26a
d(5) 5 4.9(5)2 5 122.5 m a
Dd 122.5 2 19.6 a 5 1 or a 5 21
Dt 522
Thus, dr(4) 5 9.8(4) 5 39.2 m>s. dy
5 3x2 2 12x 1 8
Set d(t) 5 150: When x 5 3,
4.9t2 5 150 dy
5 27 2 36 1 8 5 21
1500 dx
t2 5
Equation will be
t 5 6 "15
10
7 y 1 3 5 21(x 2 3)
y 5 2x.
Since t $ 0, t 5 "15
10
7 2x 5 x3 2 6x2 1 8x
Then, x3 2 6x2 1 9x 5 0
xAx2 2 6x 1 9B 5 0
dra "15b 5 9.8a "15b
10 10
x(x 2 3)2 5 0
7 7
x 5 0 or x 5 3
8 54.2 m>s
21. v(t) 5 sr(t) 5 2t 2 t2
0.5 5 2t 2 t2 y
t2 2 2t 1 0.5 5 0 3
2t2 2 4t 1 1 5 0 2
4 6 "8 1
x
t5
4
1 0 1 2 3 4
t 8 1.71, 0.29 11
0.29 min and 1.71 min. 3

25. a. i. f(x) 5 2x 2 5x2 f(5) 5 (5)3 2 8(5)2 1 5(5) 1 3
f r(x) 5 2 2 10x 5 25 2 200 1 25 1 3
Set f r(x) 5 0: 5 247
27 R and (5, 247).
x5
points.
f a b 5 2a b 2 5a b
1 1 1 2
5 5 5 26. "x 1 "y 5 1
!y 5 1 2 !x
5 2
5 5
1 y 5 1 2 2 !x 1 x
5
5 dy 1 1
5 2 ? 2x22 1 1
ii. f(x) 5 4x2 1 2x 2 3 1 21 1 !a
!a !a
But !a 1 !b 5 1
Set f r(x) 5 0:
8x 1 2 5 0
8x 5 22 2 !b 5 !a 2 1.
1 "b b
a
"a
x52 .
4
f a2 b 5 4a2 b 1 2a2 b 2 3
1 1 2 1
4 4 4 y 2 1 5 n(x 2 1)
1 2 12 nx 2 y 2 n 1 1 5 0
5 2 2
4 4 4 Let y 5 0, nx 5 n 2 1
13 n21 1
52 x5 512 .
4 n n
iii. f(x) 5 x3 2 8x2 1 5x 1 3 n n
2
3x 2 15x 2 x 1 5 5 0 x 2 1 5 0.
3x(x 2 5) 2 (x 2 5) 5 0 28. a. y
(3x 2 1)(x 2 5) 5 0 9
1 8
x5 ,5
3 7
f a b 5 a b 2 8a b 1 5a b 1 3
1 1 3 1 2 1 6
3 3 3 3 5
1 24 45 81 4
5 2 1 1
27 27 27 27 3
103 2
5
27 1
x
2 1 0 1 2 3 4

c. h(x) 5 (3x 1 2)(2x 2 7)
f(x) 5 e f '(x) 5 e
x2, if x , 3 2x, if x , 3
x 1 6, if x $ 3 1, if x $ 3 hr(x) 5 (3x 1 2)(2) 1 (3)(2x 2 7)
d. h(x) 5 A5x7 1 1B Ax2 2 2xB
y
hr(x) 5 A5x7 1 1B (2x 2 2) 1 A35x6 BAx2 2 2xB
b.
7
5 45x8 2 80x7 1 2x 2 2
e. s(t) 5 At2 1 1B A3 2 2t2 B
6
5 sr(t) 5 At2 1 1B (24t) 1 (2t)A3 2 2t2 B
4 5 28t3 1 2t
3 x23
2 f. f(x) 5
x13
1 f(x) 5 (x 2 3)(x 1 3)21
x
f r(x) 5 (x 2 3)(21)(x 1 3)22 1 (1)(x 1 3)21
3 2 1 0 1 2 3
1 5 (x 1 3)22 (2x 1 3 1 x 1 3)
6
5
3x2 2 6, if x , 2"2 or x . "2 (x 1 3)2
f(x) 5 e
6 2 3x2, if 2"2 , x , "2 2. a. y 5 (5x 1 1)3 (x 2 4)
dy
6x, if x , 2"2 or x . "2 5 (5x 1 1)3 (1) 1 3(5x 1 1)2 (5)(x 2 4)
f r(x) 5 e dx
26x, if 2"2 # x # "2 5 (5x 1 1)3 1 15(5x 1 1)2 (x 2 4)
( ) ( ) b. y 5 A3x2 1 4BA3 1 x3 B 5
5 A3x2 1 4B (5)A3 1 x3 B 4 A3x2 B
dy
c. y
3 dx
2
1 (6x)A3 1 x3 B 5
5 15x2 (3x2 1 4)(3 1 x3 )4 1 6x(3 1 x3 )5
1
x
3 2 1 0 1 2 3
1
x 2 1, if x $ 1 since Zx 2 1 Z 5 x 2 1
f(x) 5
1 2 x, if 0 # x , 1 since Zx 2 1 Z 5 1 2 x
x 1 1, if 21 , x , 0 since Z2x 2 1 Z 5 x 1 1
2x 2 1, if x # 21 since Z2x21 Z 5 2x 2 1
1, if x . 1 c. y 5 A1 2 x2 B 4 (2x 1 6)3
5 4A1 2 x2 B 3 (22x)(2x 1 6)3
dy
f'(x) 5
21, if 0 , x , 1
1, if 21 , x , 0 dx
21, if x , 21 1 A1 2 x2 B 4 3(2x 1 6)2 (2)
5 28xA1 2 x2 B 3 (2x 1 6)3
d. y 5 Ax2 2 9B 4 (2x 2 1)3
5 Ax2 2 9B 4 (3)(2x 2 1)2 (2)
dx
1. a. h(x) 5 x(x 2 4)
1 4Ax2 2 9B 3 (2x)(2x 2 1)3
hr(x) 5 x(1) 1 (1)(x 2 4)
5 6(x2 2 9)4 (2x 2 1)2
5 2x 2 4
1 8x(x2 2 9)3 (2x 2 1)3
b. h(x) 5 x2 (2x 2 1)
hr(x) 5 x2 (2) 1 (2x)(2x 2 1)
5 6x2 2 2x

c. h(x) 5 (3x 1 2)(2x 2 7)
f(x) 5 e f '(x) 5 e
x2, if x , 3 2x, if x , 3
x 1 6, if x $ 3 1, if x $ 3 hr(x) 5 (3x 1 2)(2) 1 (3)(2x 2 7)
d. h(x) 5 A5x7 1 1B Ax2 2 2xB
y
hr(x) 5 A5x7 1 1B (2x 2 2) 1 A35x6 BAx2 2 2xB
b.
7
5 45x8 2 80x7 1 2x 2 2
e. s(t) 5 At2 1 1B A3 2 2t2 B
6
5 sr(t) 5 At2 1 1B (24t) 1 (2t)A3 2 2t2 B
4 5 28t3 1 2t
3 x23
2 f. f(x) 5
x13
1 f(x) 5 (x 2 3)(x 1 3)21
x
f r(x) 5 (x 2 3)(21)(x 1 3)22 1 (1)(x 1 3)21
3 2 1 0 1 2 3
1 5 (x 1 3)22 (2x 1 3 1 x 1 3)
6
5
3x2 2 6, if x , 2"2 or x . "2 (x 1 3)2
f(x) 5 e
6 2 3x2, if 2"2 , x , "2 2. a. y 5 (5x 1 1)3 (x 2 4)
dy
6x, if x , 2"2 or x . "2 5 (5x 1 1)3 (1) 1 3(5x 1 1)2 (5)(x 2 4)
f r(x) 5 e dx
26x, if 2"2 # x # "2 5 (5x 1 1)3 1 15(5x 1 1)2 (x 2 4)
( ) ( ) b. y 5 A3x2 1 4BA3 1 x3 B 5
5 A3x2 1 4B (5)A3 1 x3 B 4 A3x2 B
dy
c. y
3 dx
2
1 (6x)A3 1 x3 B 5
5 15x2 (3x2 1 4)(3 1 x3 )4 1 6x(3 1 x3 )5
1
x
3 2 1 0 1 2 3
1
x 2 1, if x $ 1 since Zx 2 1 Z 5 x 2 1
f(x) 5
1 2 x, if 0 # x , 1 since Zx 2 1 Z 5 1 2 x
x 1 1, if 21 , x , 0 since Z2x 2 1 Z 5 x 1 1
2x 2 1, if x # 21 since Z2x21 Z 5 2x 2 1
1, if x . 1 c. y 5 A1 2 x2 B 4 (2x 1 6)3
5 4A1 2 x2 B 3 (22x)(2x 1 6)3
dy
f'(x) 5
21, if 0 , x , 1
1, if 21 , x , 0 dx
21, if x , 21 1 A1 2 x2 B 4 3(2x 1 6)2 (2)
5 28xA1 2 x2 B 3 (2x 1 6)3
d. y 5 Ax2 2 9B 4 (2x 2 1)3
5 Ax2 2 9B 4 (3)(2x 2 1)2 (2)
dx
1. a. h(x) 5 x(x 2 4)
1 4Ax2 2 9B 3 (2x)(2x 2 1)3
hr(x) 5 x(1) 1 (1)(x 2 4)
5 6(x2 2 9)4 (2x 2 1)2
5 2x 2 4
1 8x(x2 2 9)3 (2x 2 1)3
b. h(x) 5 x2 (2x 2 1)
hr(x) 5 x2 (2) 1 (2x)(2x 2 1)
5 6x2 2 2x

5 5(21)4 (2)(21)4
g(x) 5 (x 1 1) (x 2 1). 5 xA25x2 2 4B
4. F(x) 5 3b(x)43c(x)4 dy
5 x(50x) 1 (25x2 2 4)(1)
5. a. y 5 (2 1 7x)(x 2 3) At x 5 3,
dy dy
5 (2 1 7x)(1) 1 7(x 2 3) 5 3(150) 1 (25 ? 9 2 4)
dx dx
At x 5 2, 5 450 1 221
dy 5 671
5 (2 1 14) 1 7(21)
5 16 2 7 at (1, 22)
59
5 A3x2 2 5B A3x2 2 2xB
dy
b. y 5 (1 2 2x)(1 1 2x) dx
dy
5 (1 2 2x)(2) 1 (22)(1 1 2x) 1 Ax3 2 5x 1 2B (6x 2 2)
dx when x 5 1,
1 dy
At x 5 , 5 (22)(1) 1 (22)(4)
2 dx
dy 5 22 1 28
5 (0)(2) 2 2(2)
dx 5 210
5 A3 2 2x 2 x2 B A2x 1 1B
dy 10x 1 y 2 8 5 0.
dx 7. a. y 5 2(x 2 29)(x 1 1)
1 (22 2 2x)Ax2 1 x 2 2B dy
5 2(x 2 29)(1) 1 2(1)(x 1 1)
At x 5 22, dx
dy 2x 2 58 1 2x 1 2 5 0
5 (3 1 4 2 4)(24 1 1)
dx 4x 2 56 5 0
1 (22 1 4)(4 2 2 2 2) 4x 5 56
5 (3)(23) 1 (2)(0) x 5 14
d. y 5 x3 (3x 1 7)2 b. y 5 Ax2 1 2x 1 1B Ax2 1 2x 1 1B
dy 5 Ax2 1 2x 1 1B 2
5 3x2 (3x 1 7)2 1 x36(3x 1 7)
dx dy
5 2Ax2 1 2x 1 1B (2x 1 2)
At x 5 22, dx
dy Ax2 1 2x 1 1B (2x 1 2) 5 0
5 12(1)2 1 (28)(6)(1)
dx 2(x 1 1)(x 1 1)(x 1 1) 5 0
5 12 2 48 x 5 21
e. y 5 (2x 1 1)5 (3x 1 2)4, x 5 21 8. a. y 5 (x 1 1)3 (x 1 4)(x 2 3)2
dy dy
5 5(2x 1 1)4 (2)(3x 1 2)4 5 3(x 1 1)2 (x 1 4)(x 2 3)2
dx dx
1 (2x 1 1)54(3x 1 2)3 (3) 1 (x 1 1)3 (1)(x 2 3)2
At x 5 21, 1 (x 1 1)3 (x 1 4)32(x 2 3)4

(1 1 nx)
5 2xA3x2 1 4B 2 A3 2 x3 B 4
dy
dx f r(x) 5 1(1 1 2x)(1 1 3x) c(1 1 nx)
1 x2 32A3x2 1 4B (6x)4 A3 2 x3 B 4 1 (1 1 x)(2)(1 1 3x) c(1 1 nx)
1 x2 A3x2 1 4B 2 34A3 2 x3 B 3 A23x2 B4
1 (1 1 x)(1 1 2x)(3) c(1 1 nx)
1 c 1 (1 1 x)(1 1 2x)(1 1 3x)
9. V(t) 5 75a1 2 b , 0 # t # 24
t 2 c (n)
24 f r(0) 5 1(1)(1)(1) c (1)
75 L 3 60% 5 45 L 1 1(2)(1)(1) c (1)
5 a1 2 b
45 t 2 1 1(1)(3)(1) c (1)
Set
75 24 1 c 1 (1)(1)(1) c (n)
3 t 5112131c1n
5
6 512 n(n 1 1)
24 f r(0) 5
2
t5a6
3
12. f(x) 5 ax2 1 bx 1 c
5
2 1b (224)
f r(x) 5 2ax 1 b (1)
V(t) 5 75a1 2 b
t 2 f r(x) 5 0 at x 5 21
24 22a 1 b 5 0
V(t) 5 75a1 2 b a1 2 b
24 24 4a 1 2b 1 c 5 19 (2)
Vr(t) 5 75 c a1 2 b a2 b
24 24 a 2 b 1 c 5 28 (3)
1 a2 b a1 2 b d
1 t 4a 1 2b 1 c 5 19
24 24 23a 2 3b 5 227
a1b59
5 (75)(2)a1 2 b a2 b
t 1
24 24 22a 1 b 5 0
Vr(5.4097) 5 24.84 L>h 3a 5 9
hr(x) 5 2(x 1 1)3 Ax2 1 2x 1 1B 2 y
13.
1 (2x)(3)(x 1 1)2 Ax2 1 2x 1 1B 2 3
1 2x(x 1 1)3 2Ax2 1 2x 1 1B (2x 1 2) 2
hr(22) 5 2(21)3 (1)2 1
x
1 2(22)(3)(21)2 (1)2 0
3 2 1 1 2 3
1 2(22)(21)3 (2)(1)(22) 1
5 22 2 12 2 16 a. x 5 1 or x 5 21
5 230 b. f r(x) 5 2x, x , 21 or x . 1
11. f r(x) 5 22x, 21 , x , 1
1 g1 (x)g2r(x)g3 (x) c gn21 (x)gn (x) 4
2
2
4
6

c. f r(22) 5 2(22) 5 24 h(h 1 2x 2 5)
5 lim
f r(0) 5 22(0) 5 0

hS0 h
f r(3) 5 2(3) 5 6 5 2x 2 5
14. y 5 2 2 1
x the tangents.
dy 32
52 3 x
Slope of Tangent
dx x f 9(x)
32
2 3 54 1 23
x
2 21
4x3 5 232
x3 5 28 3 1
x 5 22 4 3
16
y5 21 5 5
4
53 c. y
4x 2 y 1 11 5 0 2
x
y 5 4x 1 11
2 0 2 4 6
Substitute, 2
16 4
4x 1 11 5 2 2 1
x 6
4x3 1 11x2 5 16 2 x2 or 4x3 1 12x2 2 16 5 0.
RS 5 4(22)3 1 12(22)2 2 16 (6(x 1 h) 1 15) 2 (6x 1 15)
50 2. a. f r(x) 5 lim
hS0 h
a solution. 5 lim
hS0 h
When x 5 22, y 5 4(22) 1 11 5 3.
5 lim 6
A2(x 1 h)2 2 4B 2 A2x2 2 4B
hS0 h
1. a. y (x 1 h) 2 2 x2
5 lim2
6 hS0 h
4 ((x 1 h) 2 x)((x 1 h) 1 x)
5 lim2
2 hS0 h
x h(2x 1 h)
2 0 2 4 6 5 lim2
2 hS0 h
4 5 lim2(2x 1 h)
hS0
6 5 4x
5 5
2x15
((x 1 h)2 2 5(x 1 h)) 2 (x2 2 5x) (x 1 h) 1 5
hS0

h hS0 h
x2 1 2hx 1 h2 2 5x 2 5h 2 x2 1 5x 5(x 1 5) 2 5((x 1 h) 1 5)
5 lim 5 lim
hS0

h hS0 ((x 1 h) 1 5)(x 1 5)h

h2 1 2hx 2 5h 25h
5 lim 5 lim
h S 0 ((x 1 h) 1 5) (x 1 5)h

hS0 h
c. f r(22) 5 2(22) 5 24 h(h 1 2x 2 5)
5 lim
f r(0) 5 22(0) 5 0

hS0 h
f r(3) 5 2(3) 5 6 5 2x 2 5
14. y 5 2 2 1
x the tangents.
dy 32
52 3 x
Slope of Tangent
dx x f 9(x)
32
2 3 54 1 23
x
2 21
4x3 5 232
x3 5 28 3 1
x 5 22 4 3
16
y5 21 5 5
4
53 c. y
4x 2 y 1 11 5 0 2
x
y 5 4x 1 11
2 0 2 4 6
Substitute, 2
16 4
4x 1 11 5 2 2 1
x 6
4x3 1 11x2 5 16 2 x2 or 4x3 1 12x2 2 16 5 0.
RS 5 4(22)3 1 12(22)2 2 16 (6(x 1 h) 1 15) 2 (6x 1 15)
50 2. a. f r(x) 5 lim
hS0 h
a solution. 5 lim
hS0 h
When x 5 22, y 5 4(22) 1 11 5 3.
5 lim 6
A2(x 1 h)2 2 4B 2 A2x2 2 4B
hS0 h
1. a. y (x 1 h) 2 2 x2
5 lim2
6 hS0 h
4 ((x 1 h) 2 x)((x 1 h) 1 x)
5 lim2
2 hS0 h
x h(2x 1 h)
2 0 2 4 6 5 lim2
2 hS0 h
4 5 lim2(2x 1 h)
hS0
6 5 4x
5 5
2x15
((x 1 h)2 2 5(x 1 h)) 2 (x2 2 5x) (x 1 h) 1 5
hS0

h hS0 h
x2 1 2hx 1 h2 2 5x 2 5h 2 x2 1 5x 5(x 1 5) 2 5((x 1 h) 1 5)
5 lim 5 lim
hS0

h hS0 ((x 1 h) 1 5)(x 1 5)h

h2 1 2hx 2 5h 25h
5 lim 5 lim
h S 0 ((x 1 h) 1 5) (x 1 5)h

hS0 h
25 dy
5 lim d. 5 5 2 6x23
h S 0 ((x 1 h) 1 5) (x 1 5) dx
25 6
5 552 3
(x 1 5) 2 x
!(x 1 h) 2 2 2 !x 2 2 dy
d. f r(x) 5 lim e. 5 2(11t 1 1)(11)
hS0 h dt
!(x 1 h) 2 2 2 !x 2 2 5 242t 1 22
5 lim c 1
hS0 h f. y 5 1 2
!(x 1 h) 2 2 1 !x 2 2
x
d 5 1 2 x21
!(x 1 h) 2 2 1 !x 2 2
3
dy
5 x22
((x 1 h) 2 2) 2 (x 2 2) dx
hS0 hA !(x 1 h) 2 2 1 !x 2 2B
5 lim
1
5 2
h x
hS0 hA !(x 1 h) 2 2 1 !x 2 2B
5 lim 5. f r(x) 5 8x3
8x3 5 1
1
hS0 !(x 1 h) 2 2 1 !x 2 2
5 lim 1
x3 5
8
1
2 !x 2 2
5 1
x5
2
3. a. yr 5 2x 2 4
f a b 5 2a b
When x 5 1, 1 1 4
yr 5 2(1) 2 4 2 2
5 22. 1
5
When x 5 1, 8
5 0.
y 2 5 1ax 2 b, or y 5 x 2
1 1 3
y 2 0 5 22(x 2 1), or y 5 22x 1 2
6. a. f r(x) 5 8x 2 7
b. y b. f r(x) 5 26x2 1 8x 1 5
6
c. f(x) 5 5x22 2 3x23
4 f r(x) 5 210x23 1 9x24
2 10 9
x 52 3 1 4
4 2 0 2 4 6 x x
2 1
d. f(x) 5 x2 1 x3
1
4 1 1 1 2
6 f r(x) 5 x22 1 x23
2 3
1 1
dy 5 12 1 23
4. a. 5 24x3 2x 3x
1
dx e. f(x) 5 7x22 2 3x2
dy 1 3 1
b. 5 5x22 f r(x) 5 214x23 2 x22
dx 2
5 14 3
!x
5 5 2 3 2 12
x 2x
c. gr(x) 5 26x24 f. f r(x) 5 4x22 1 5
6 4
52 4 5 215
x x

7. a. yr 5 26x 1 6 5 224t2 2 28t 1 6t 1 7 2 12t2 2 28t 1 32
When x 5 1, 5 236t2 2 50t 1 39
yr 5 26(1) 1 6
A3x2 1 4x 2 6B (2x2 2 9)
dy d
5 0. c. 5
dx dx
When x 5 1,
1 A3x2 1 4x 2 6B A2x2 2 9B
d
y 5 23A12 B 1 6(1) 1 4 dx
5 7. 5 (6x 1 4)A2x2 2 9B 1 A3x2 1 4x 2 6B (4x)
y 2 7 5 0(x 2 1), or 1 16x2 2 24x
y57 5 24x3 1 24x2 2 78x 2 36
1
b. y 5 3 2 2x2
A3 2 2x3 B 2 A3 2 2x3 B
1 dy d
yr 5 2x22 d. 5
dx dx
21
!x 1 A3 2 2x3 B 2 A3 2 2x3 B
5 d
dx
When x 5 9,
5 c A3 2 2x3 B A3 2 2x3 B
21 d
!9
yr 5 dx
1 A3 2 2x3 B A3 2 2x3 B d A3 2 2x3 B

1 d
52 . dx
3
When x 5 9, 1 A3 2 2x3 B 2 A26x2 B
y 5 3 2 2 !9 5 S 2A26x2 B A3 2 2x3 B T A3 2 2x3 B
5 23. 1 A3 2 2x3 B 2 A26x2 B
1 1 5 A3 2 2x3 B 2 A218x2 B
y 2 (23) 5 2 (x 2 9), or y 5 2 x
3 3 5 A9 2 12x3 1 4x6 BA218x2 B
c. f r(x) 5 28x3 1 12x2 2 4x 2 8 5 2162x2 1 216x5 2 72x8
9. yr 5 A5x2 1 9x 2 2B A2x2 1 2x 1 3B
f r(3) 5 28(3)3 1 12(3)2 2 4(3) 2 8 d
5 2216 1 108 2 12 2 8 dx
1 A5x2 1 9x 2 2B A2x2 1 2x 1 3B
5 2218 d
f(3) 5 22(3)4 1 4(3)3 2 2(3)2 2 8(3) 1 9 dx
5 2162 1 108 2 18 2 24 1 9 5 (10x 1 9)A2x2 1 2x 1 3B
5 287 1 A5x2 1 9x 2 2B (2 2 2x)
y 2 (287) 5 2128(x 2 3), or 1 (5(1)2 1 9(1) 2 2)(2 2 2(1))
y 5 2128x 1 297 5 (19)(4)
5 76
8. a. f r(x) 5 A4x2 2 9xB A3x2 1 5B
d
y 2 48 5 76(x 2 1), or 76x 2 y 2 28 5 0
1 A4x2 2 9xB A3x2 1 5B
d
dx dy d
10. 5 2 (x 2 1)(5 2 x)
5 (8x 2 9)A3x2 1 5B 1 A4x2 2 9xB (6x) dx dx
5 24x3 2 27x2 1 40x 2 45 d
1 2(x 2 1) (5 2 x)
1 24x3 2 54x2 dx
5 48x3 2 81x2 1 40x 2 45 5 2(5 2 x) 2 2(x 2 1)
5 12 2 4x
b. f r(t) 5 A23t2 2 7t 1 8B (4t 2 1)
d
dy
12 2 4x 5 0
1 A23t2 2 7t 1 8B (4t 2 1)
d
dt 12 5 4x
5 (26t 2 7)(4t 2 1) x53
1 A23t2 2 7t 1 8B (4)

When x 5 3,
500a1 2 90 2 1 1 90 b
t1h t
y 5 2((3) 2 1)(5 2 (3))
5 8. 5 lim
hS0 h
a1 2 90 1 1 2 90 b
t1h t
5 lim c
dy (5(x 1 h)2 2 8(x 1 h) 1 4)
11.
dx hS0 h 3
A5x2 2 8x 1 4B
h
2 d 500a2 b a2 2
h 2t 1 h
b
h 90 90
5(x 1 h)2 2 5x2 2 8h 5 lim
5 lim hS0 h
hS0 h
a2 2 b
500 2t 1 h
5((x 1 h) 2 x)((x 1 h) 1 x) 2 8h 5 lim 2
5 lim hS0 90 90
hS0 h
a2 2 b
250 2t
5h(2x 1 h) 2 8h 5
5 lim 9 90
hS0 h
2900 1 10t
5 lim (5(2x 1 h) 2 8) 5
hS0 81
5 10x 2 8 Then,
12. V(t) 5 500a1 2 b . 0 # t # 90
t 2 2900 1 10(30)
Vr(30) 5
90 81
52 L>min
V(60) 5 500 Q 1 2 6090 R
2
27
4
b
30 2 13. V(r) 5 pr3
5 500a 3
90
4 4
a. V(10) 5 p(10)3 V(15) 5 p(15)3
5 500a b
1 2
3 3
3 4 4
500 5 p(1000) 5 p(3375)
5 L 3 3
9 4000
b. V(0) 5 500(1 2 0)2 5 500 L 5 p 5 4500p
3
V(60) 5 L
500 Dr 15 2 10
DV 2 500 500p Q 9 2 83 R
5 9
Dt 60 2 0 5
28 5
(500)
5 9
5 100pa b
19
60
200 3
p cm3>cm
52 L>min 1900
27 5
3
V(t 1 h) 2 V(t)
hS0 h Vr(r) 5 lim
hS0 h
500a1 2 90 b 2 500a21 1 90 b
2 2
h)3 2 r34
t1h t 4
p3(r 1
5 lim 3
5 lim hS0 h
h
Q 3r2h 1 3rh2 1 h3 2 r3 R
hS0 4 3
3 p r 1
5 lim
hS0 h
3 p Q 3r h 1 3rh 1 h R
4 2 2 3
5 lim
hS0 h
4 Cr(5) Cr(50) Cr(100)
hS0 3 100 100 100
52 2 52 2 52
(5) (50) (100)2
5 pA3r2 1 3r(0) 1 (0)2 B
4
3 100 100 1
52 52 52
5 4pr2 25 2500 100
Then, Vr(8) 5 4p(8)2 5 24 5 20.04 5 20.01
we get xaxb 5 xa1b
and if x9x26 5 x3
f(x) 5 2x3 1 3x2 1 6x 1 2, Also,
x2a13b Ax2 B 3 5 x6
x
xa
y 5 x2a13b2 (a2b) 5 xa14b xb
Then, For example,
yr 5 (a 1 4b)a14b21 x5
5 x2
16. a. f(x) 5 26x3 1 4x 2 5x2 1 10 x3
f r(x) 5 218x2 1 4 2 10x 2.
and Simplify,
x2 1 3x
f(x) 5 x 1 3 f r(x) 5 1
x
17. a. P(t) 5 100 1 120t 1 10t2 1 2t3 5
3x3 1
P(t) 5 100 1 120t 1 10t2 1 2t3 gr(x) 5 2x23

2
g(x) 5 ,x20 g(x) 5 3x3
x
P(0) 5 100 1 120(0) 1 10(0)2 1 2(0)3
1
10x5
,
h(x) 5
1 25
x hr(x) 5
21 26
x
x20
P(5) 5 100 1 120(5) 1 10(5)2 1 2(5)3 8x3 1 6x
2x y 5 4x2 1 3 5 8x
dx
c. Pr(t) 5 120 1 20t 1 6t2 x20
Pr(5) 5 120 1 20(5) 1 6(5)2 s5 ,t23 s5t13 51
t23 dt
5 370 bacteria> h
100
18. C(t) 5 ,t.2
t
100
Then, Cr(t) 5 2100t22 5 2 2 .
t

4 Cr(5) Cr(50) Cr(100)
hS0 3 100 100 100
52 2 52 2 52
(5) (50) (100)2
5 pA3r2 1 3r(0) 1 (0)2 B
4
3 100 100 1
52 52 52
5 4pr2 25 2500 100
Then, Vr(8) 5 4p(8)2 5 24 5 20.04 5 20.01
we get xaxb 5 xa1b
and if x9x26 5 x3
f(x) 5 2x3 1 3x2 1 6x 1 2, Also,
x2a13b Ax2 B 3 5 x6
x
xa
y 5 x2a13b2 (a2b) 5 xa14b xb
Then, For example,
yr 5 (a 1 4b)a14b21 x5
5 x2
16. a. f(x) 5 26x3 1 4x 2 5x2 1 10 x3
f r(x) 5 218x2 1 4 2 10x 2.
and Simplify,
x2 1 3x
f(x) 5 x 1 3 f r(x) 5 1
x
17. a. P(t) 5 100 1 120t 1 10t2 1 2t3 5
3x3 1
P(t) 5 100 1 120t 1 10t2 1 2t3 gr(x) 5 2x23

2
g(x) 5 ,x20 g(x) 5 3x3
x
P(0) 5 100 1 120(0) 1 10(0)2 1 2(0)3
1
10x5
,
h(x) 5
1 25
x hr(x) 5
21 26
x
x20
P(5) 5 100 1 120(5) 1 10(5)2 1 2(5)3 8x3 1 6x
2x y 5 4x2 1 3 5 8x
dx
c. Pr(t) 5 120 1 20t 1 6t2 x20
Pr(5) 5 120 1 20(5) 1 6(5)2 s5 ,t23 s5t13 51
t23 dt
5 370 bacteria> h
100
18. C(t) 5 ,t.2
t
100
Then, Cr(t) 5 2100t22 5 2 2 .
t

x15
dx (x 1 5)2
example At x 5 23:
f(x) dy (2)(3) 2 (27)(1)
h(x) 5
A2B 2
g(x) 5
dx
h(x) 5 f(x)(g(x))21, 5
4
x 19
Ax2 1 9B A3x2 B 2 Ax3 B (2x)
hr(x).
dy
Ax2 1 9B 2
(x 1 1)(1) 2 x(1) At x 5 1:
Ax 1 1B 2
4. a. hr(x) 5 dy (10)(3) 2 (1)(2)
A10B 2
5
1 dx
Ax 1 1B 2
5 28
5
(t 1 5)(2) 2 (2t 2 3)(1) 100
At 1 5B 2
b. hr(t) 5 7
5
13 25
At 1 5B 2
5 x2 2 25
c. y 5 2 ,x52
A2x2 2 1B A3x2 B 2 x3 A4xB x 1 25
2xAx2 1 25B 2 Ax2 2 25B (2x)
A2x2 2 1B 2
c. hr(x) 5 dy
Ax2 1 25B 2
5
2x 2 3x2
4 dx
A2x2 2 1B 2
5 At x 5 2:
Ax2 1 3B (0) 2 1(2x)
dy 4(29) 2 (221)(4)
A29B 2
5
Ax2 1 3B 2
d. hr(x) 5 dx
116 1 84
22x 5
Ax 1 3B 2
5 2 292
200
x(3x 1 5) 3x2 1 5x 5
A1 2 x B
e. y 5 2 5 841
1 2 x2
(6x 1 5)A1 2 x2 B 2 A3x2 1 5xB (22x)
(x 1 1)(x 1 2)
dy d. y 5 ,x54
A1 2 x2 B 2
5 (x 2 1)(x 2 2)
dx
x2 1 3x 1 2
6x 1 5 2 6x3 2 5x2 1 6x3 1 10x2 5 2
A1 2 x2 B 2
5 x 2 3x 1 2
dy (2x 1 3)Ax2 2 3x 1 2B
5x2 1 6x 1 5
Ax 2 1B 2 Ax 2 2B 2
5
A1 2 x2 B 2
5 dx
Ax2 1 3x 1 2B (2x 2 3)
Ax2 1 3B A2x 2 1B 2 Ax2 2 x 1 1B (2x)
Ax 2 1B 2 Ax 2 2B 2
dy 2
Ax2 1 3B 2
f. 5
dx
At x 5 4:
2x3 1 6x 2 x2 2 3 2 2x3 1 2x2 2 2x
(11)(6) 2 (30)(5)
Ax2 1 3B 2
5 dy
5
dx (9)(4)
x2 1 4x 2 3 84
Ax2 1 3B 2
5 52
36
7
52
3

x3 2(8)2
6. y 5 y5
x2 2 6 4
dy 3x2 Ax2 2 6B 2 x3 A2xB 5 32
Ax2 2 6B 2
5
At (3, 9): (0, 0) and (8, 32).
dy 3(9)(3) 2 (27)(6) x2 2 1
b. y 5 2
A3B 2
5
dx x 1x22
5 9 2 18 (x 2 1)(x 1 1)
5
5 29 (x 1 2)(x 2 1)
3x 5 ,x21
7. y 5 x12
x24 dy (x 1 2) 2 (x 1 1)
Ax 1 2B 2
dy 3(x 2 4) 2 3x 12 5
dx
Ax 2 4B Ax 2 4B 2
5 2 52
dx 1
Ax 1 2B 2
12
12 12 dy
(x 2 4)
b
4t
10. p(t) 5 1000a1 1 2
5x 1 2 t 1 50
8. f(x) 5
b
x12 4At 2 1 50B 2 4t(2t)
At 2 1 50B 2
pr(t) 5 1000a
(x 1 2)(5) 2 (5x 1 2)(1)
Ax 1 2B 2
f r(x) 5
1000A200 2 4t 2 B
At 2 1 50B 2
8 5
Ax 1 2B 2
f r(x) 5
1000(196)
A51B 2
5 75.36
8 1000(184)
A54B 2
(x 1 2)2 pr(2) 5 5 63.10
5x 1 2
2x2 x2 2 1
9. a. y 5 ,x24 11. y 5
x24 3x
dy (x 2 4)(4x) 2 A2x2 B (1) 1 1
5 x 2 x21
Ax 2 4B 2
5
dx 3 3
4x 2 16x 2 2x2
2
dy 1 1 22
5 5 1 x
(x 2 4)2 dx 3 3
2
2x 2 16x 1 1
5 5 1 2
(x 2 4)2 3 3x
2x(x 2 8) At x 5 2:
A2B 2 2 1
5
(x 2 4)2
dy y5
when x 5 0 or 8. At x 5 0: 1
5
0 2
y5 and
24
50 dy 1 1
5 1
At x 5 8: dx 3 3A2B 2

1 1 ax 1 b
5 1 14. f(x) 5
3 12 (x 2 1)(x 2 4)
5 (x 2 1)(x 2 4)(a)
Ax 2 1B 2 Ax 2 4B 2
5 f r(x) 5
12
(ax 1 b) 3(x 2 1)(x 2 4)4
1 5 dx
y 2 5 (x 2 2), or 5x 2 12y 2 4 5 0.
Ax 2 1B 2 Ax 2 4B 2
2
2 12
10(6 2 t) (x 2 1)(x 2 4)(a)
12. a. s(t) 5 , 0 # t # 6, t 5 0,
Ax 2 1B 2 Ax 2 4B 2
5
t13
s(0) 5 20 (ax 1 b)3(x 2 1) 1 (x 2 4)4
Ax 2 1B 2 Ax 2 4B 2
b. v(t) 5 sr(t) 5 10 c d
(t 1 3)(21) 2 (6 2 t)(1) 2
(x 2 5x 1 4)(a) 2 (ax 1 b)(2x 2 5)
At 1 3B 2
5
(x 2 1)2 (x 2 4)2
290 2
2ax 2 2bx 1 4a 1 5b
At 1 3B 2
v(t) 5 5
(x 2 1)2 (x 2 4)2
10(6 2 t) 2a 1 b
5 0, t 5 6. 5
t13 (1)(22)
290 10 2 5 2a 1 b
v(6) 5 2 5 2
9 9 b 5 2 2 2a
13. a. i. t 5 0 0 5 f r(2)
1 1 2(0) 2aA2B 2 2 2b(2) 1 4a 1 5b
r(0) 5
A1B 2 A22B 2
110 5
5 1 cm b50
1 1 2t 0 5 2 2 2a
ii. 5 1.5
11t a51
1 1 2t 5 1.5(1 1 t) So we get
1 1 2t 5 1.5 1 1.5t x
f(x) 5
0.5t 5 0.5 (x 2 1)(x 2 4)
A1 1 tB 2
iii. rr(t) 5
y 2 (21) 5 0(x 2 2), or y 5 21
A1 1 tB 2
5
tangent line:
1 x
f (x) =
(x 1) (x 4)
A1 1 tB 2
5
y
1 8
A1 1 1B 2
rr(1.5) 5
6
1 4
5
4 2
5 0.25 cm> s x
2 y =1
4
6
equals 2 cm.
A2t 2 1 7B 2
15. cr(t) 5
10t 2 1 35 2 20t 2
5
A2t 2 1 7B 2 1. f(x) 5 !x, g(x) 5 x2 2 1
210t 2 1 35 a. f(g(1)) 5 f(1 2 1)
A2t 2 1 7B 2
5 5 f(0)
50
b. g(f(1)) 5 g(1)
210t 2 1 35
50 50
(2t 2 1 7)2 c. g(f(0)) 5 g(0)
210t 2 1 35 5 0 5021
10t 2 5 35 5 21
t 2 5 3.5 d. f(g(24)) 5 f(16 2 1)
t 5 6"3.5 5 f(15)
t 8 61.87 5 !15
At 2 1 8B (1) 2 t(2t) (f + g)(x) 5 f(g(x))
At 2 1 8B 2
sr(t) 5
5 f A !xB
t 1 8 2 2t 2
2
5 5 A !xB 2
(t 2 1 8)2
5x
Domain 5 5x $ 06
2t 2 1 8
5 2
(t 1 8)2 (g + f)(x) 5 g(f(x))
5 gAx2 B
2t 2 1 8
At 2 1 8B 2
50 5 "x2
2t 2 1 8 5 0 5 Zx Z
b. f(x) 5 , g(x) 5 x2 1 1
ax 1 b d 5 f Ax2 1 1B
17. f(x) 5 ,x22 1
cx 1 d c 5 2
(cx 1 d)(a) 2 (ax 1 b)(c) x 11
f r(x) 5
ad 2 bc (g + f)(x) 5 g(f(x))
Acx 1 dB 2
f r(x) 5
5 ga b
1
5a b 11
1 2
a positive slope.

A2t 2 1 7B 2
15. cr(t) 5
10t 2 1 35 2 20t 2
5
A2t 2 1 7B 2 1. f(x) 5 !x, g(x) 5 x2 2 1
210t 2 1 35 a. f(g(1)) 5 f(1 2 1)
A2t 2 1 7B 2
5 5 f(0)
50
b. g(f(1)) 5 g(1)
210t 2 1 35
50 50
(2t 2 1 7)2 c. g(f(0)) 5 g(0)
210t 2 1 35 5 0 5021
10t 2 5 35 5 21
t 2 5 3.5 d. f(g(24)) 5 f(16 2 1)
t 5 6"3.5 5 f(15)
t 8 61.87 5 !15
At 2 1 8B (1) 2 t(2t) (f + g)(x) 5 f(g(x))
At 2 1 8B 2
sr(t) 5
5 f A !xB
t 1 8 2 2t 2
2
5 5 A !xB 2
(t 2 1 8)2
5x
Domain 5 5x $ 06
2t 2 1 8
5 2
(t 1 8)2 (g + f)(x) 5 g(f(x))
5 gAx2 B
2t 2 1 8
At 2 1 8B 2
50 5 "x2
2t 2 1 8 5 0 5 Zx Z
b. f(x) 5 , g(x) 5 x2 1 1
ax 1 b d 5 f Ax2 1 1B
17. f(x) 5 ,x22 1
cx 1 d c 5 2
(cx 1 d)(a) 2 (ax 1 b)(c) x 11
f r(x) 5
ad 2 bc (g + f)(x) 5 g(f(x))
Acx 1 dB 2
f r(x) 5
5 ga b
1
5a b 11
1 2
a positive slope.

5
1
11
c. h(x) 5 A2x2 1 3x 2 5B 4
x2 hr(x) 5 4A2x2 1 3x 2 5B 3 (4x 1 3)
Domain 5 5x 2 06 d. f(x) 5 Ap2 2 x2 B 3
c. f(x) 5 , g(x) 5 !x 1 2
1 e. y 5 "x2 2 3
5 Ax2 2 3B 2
1
x
( f + g)(x) 5 f(g(x))
yr 5 Ax2 2 3B 2 (2x)
1 1
5 f( !x 1 2) 2
1 x
5
5
!x 1 2 "x 2 3
2
Domain 5 5x . 226 1
Ax 2 16B 5
f. f(x) 5 2
(g + f)(x) 5 g(f(x))
5 Ax2 2 16B 25
5 ga b
1
x f r(x) 5 25Ax2 2 16B 26 (2x)
210x
Ax 2 16B 6
1 5 2
x
5 12
2
1 x
x
Domain 5 5x # 2 12 or x . 06 dy
5 (22)(23)x24
6
of x, and 1
b. y 5
h(x) 5 (f + g)(x) x11
5 f(g(x)) 5 (x 1 1)21
5 (21)(x 1 1)22 (1)
Ax 1 1B 2
g(x) 5 x2 1 3x 1 5, then h(x) 5 Ax2 1 3x 1 5B 10, 1
and so c. y 5 2
x 24
hr(x) 5 f r(g(x)) ? gr(x) 5 Ax2 2 4B 21
5 10Ax2 1 3x 1 5B 9 (2x 1 3) dy
5 (21)Ax2 2 4B 22 (2x)
2
g(x) 5 x2 1 1, then h(x) 5 Ax2 1 1B 3,
2 dx
22x
Ax 2 4B 2
and so 5 2
hr(x) 5 Ax2 1 1B 23 (2x)
2 1
5 3A9 2 x2 B 21
3
3 d. y 5
9 2 x2
4. a. f(x) 5 (2x 1 3)4
dy 6x
f r(x) 5 4A2x 1 3B 3 (2)
A9 2 x2 B 2
5
5 8A2x 1 3B 3 dx
b. g(x) 5 Ax2 2 4B 3
gr(x) 5 3Ax2 2 4B 2 (2x)
5 6xAx2 2 4B 2

e. y 5
1 b. y 5 Ax2 1 3B 3 Ax3 1 3B 2
2
5x 1 x
3Ax 1 3B 34 ? Ax3 1 3B 2
dy d 2
5 A5x2 1 xB 21
5
dx dx
dy
1 Ax2 1 3B 3 ? 3Ax 1 3B 24
5 (21)A5x2 1 xB 22 (10x 1 1) d 3
dx dx
10x 1 1 5 3Ax2 1 3B 2 (2x)Ax3 1 3B 2
A5x 1 xB 2
52 2
1 Ax2 1 3B 3 (2)Ax3 1 3BA3x2 B
1 5 6xAx2 1 3B 2 Ax3 1 3B 3Ax3 1 3B 1 xAx2 1 3B4
Ax 1 x 1 1B 4
f. y 5 2
5 6xAx2 1 3B 2 Ax3 1 3B A2x3 1 3x 1 3B
5 Ax2 1 x 1 1B 24 3x2 1 2x
dy c. y 5 2
5 (24)Ax2 1 x 1 1B 25 (2x 1 1) x 11
dx
Ax2 1 1B 2
5
Ax 1 x 1 1B 5
52 2 dx
h5g+f 6x 1 2x 1 6x 1 2 2 6x3 2 4x2
3 2
6.
Ax2 1 1B 2
5
5 g(f(x))
2
h(21) 5 g(f(21)) 22x 1 6x 1 2
Ax2 1 1B 2
5
5 g(1)
5 24 d. h(x) 5 x3 A3x 2 5B 2
3x 4 ? A3x 2 5B 2 1 x3 3A3x 2 5B 24
h(x) 5 g(f(x)) d 3 d
hr(x) 5
hr(21) 5 gr(f(21))f r(21) 5 3x2 A3x 2 5B 2 1 x3 (2)(3x 2 5)(3)
5 gr(1)(25) 5 3x2 (3x 2 5)3(3x 2 5) 1 2x4
5 (27)(25) 5 3x2 (3x 2 5)(5x 2 5)
5 35 5 15x2 (3x 2 5)(x 2 1)
1 e. y 5 x A1 2 4x2 B 3
4
7. f(x) 5 (x 2 3)2, g(x) 5 , h(x) 5 f(g(x)),
3x 4A1 2 4x2 B 3 1 x4 ? 3A1 2 4x2 B 34
x dy d 4 d
1 5
f r(x) 5 2(x 2 3), gr(x) 5 2 2 dx dx dx
x 5 4x3 A1 2 4x2 B 3 1 x4 (3)A1 2 4x2 B 2 A28xB
5 4x3 A1 2 4x2 B 2 3A1 2 4x2 B 2 6x24
5 f ra b a2 2 b 5 4x3 A1 2 4x2 B 2 A1 2 10x2 B

1 1
x x
f. y 5 a 2 b
x2 2 3 4
5 2a 2 3b a2 2 b
1 1
x 13
x x
b c d
dy x2 2 3 3 d x2 2 3
5 2 2 a 2 3b
2 1 5 4a 2
x x dx x 1 2 dx x2 1 3
b ?
Ax2 1 3B 2
5 4a 2
x 13
3Ax 1 4B 34 ? Ax 2 3B 6
d
f r(x) 5
b ? 2
dx x2 2 3 3 12x
Ax 1 3B 2
5 4a 2
1 Ax 1 4B 3 3Ax 2 3B 64
d
x 13
dx
5 3Ax 1 4B 2 Ax 2 3B 6
48xAx2 2 3B 3
Ax2 1 3B 5
5
1 Ax 1 4B 3 (6)Ax 2 3B 5
5 Ax 1 4B 2 Ax 2 3B 5
1 2
9. a. s(t) 5 t3 (4t 2 5)3
3 33(x 2 3) 1 6(x 1 4)4 5 t3 3(4t 2 5)24 3
1 1
5 Ax 1 4B 2 Ax 2 3B 5 (9x 1 15) 5 3t(4t 2 5)24 3

1
5 3t A16t2 2 40t 1 25B4 3

1
5 A16t3 2 40t2 1 25tB 3, t 5 8

1

y 5 Ax3 2 7B 5 at x 5 2
sr(t) 5 A16t3 2 40t2 1 25tB 23
1 2 12.
5 5Ax3 2 7B 4 A3x2 B
3 dy
3 A48t2 2 80t 1 25B dx
A48t2 2 80t 1 25B When x 5 2,
5 2
dy
3A16t3 2 40t2 1 25tB 3 5 5(1)4 (12)
(48(8)2 2 80(8) 1 25) 5 60
sr(8) 5 2
5 y 2 1 5 60(x 2 2)
972
91 60x 2 y 2 119 5 0.
5 13. a. y 5 3u2 2 5u 1 2
36
1 u 5 x2 2 1, x 5 2
b. s(t) 5 a b , t 5 2p
t2p 3
u53
t 2 6p
dy du
5 6u 2 5, 5 2x
2
1 t 2 p 23 d t 2 p
2
5 3
5 a b ?
1 t 2 6p 3 (t 2 6p) 2 (t 2 p) dx du dx
3 t2p (t 2 6p)2 5 (6u 2 5)(2x)
2
5 (18 2 5)(4)
5 a b ?
1 t 2 6p 3 25p
3 t2p (t 2 6p)2 5 13(4)
1
1 2 25p b. y 5 2u3 1 3u2, u 5 x 1 x2, x 5 1

sr(2p) 5 (24)3 ? dy dy du
3 16p2 5 ?
3 dx du dx
5"2
52
b
24p 1
5 (6u2 1 6u)a1 1
10. y 5 A1 1 x3 B 2 y 5 2x6 2!x
At x 5 1:
5 2A1 1 x3 B (3x2 )
dy dy
5 12x5 u 5 1 1 12
1
dx dx
6x2 A1 1 x3 B 5 12x5 dy 1
b
2 !1
5 (6(2)2 1 6(2))a1 1
6x2 1 6x5 5 12x5 dx
6x2 2 6x5 5 0 3
5 36 3
6x2 Ax3 2 1B 5 0 2
x 5 0 or x 5 1. 5 54
11. y 5 A3x 2 x2 B 22 dy
5 Au2 1 3B 3 1 6u2 Au2 1 3B 2,
du
5 2(x 1 3)
5 22A3x 2 x2 B 23 (3 2 2x)
dy du dx
5 373 1 6(4)2432(1)4
dx dy dy du
5
At x 5 2, dx du dx
dy 5 439 3 2
5 2236 2 44 23 (3 2 4) 5 878
dx
5 2(2)23 d. y 5 u3 2 5Au3 2 7uB 2,
1 u 5 "x
5 1
4 5 x2, x 5 4
5 ?
dx du dx

b. h(x) 5 x(2x 1 7)4 (x 2 1)2
5 333u2 2 10Au3 2 7uB A3u2 2 7B4 ? a x2 b
1 1
hr(x) 5 (1)(2x 1 7)4 (x 2 1)2
5 33u2 2 10Au3 2 7uB A3u2 2 7B4 ?
1
1 x34(2x 1 7)3 (2)4 (x 2 1)2
1 x(2x 1 7)4 32(x 2 1)4
2"x
At x 5 4:
u 5 "4 hr(23) 5 1(16) 1 (23)34(1)(2)4 (16)
52 1 (23)(1)32(24)4
5 16 2 384 1 24
5 33(2)2 2 10( (2)3 2 7(2))(3(2)2 2 7)4
dy 1
5 2344
18. y 5 Ax2 1 x 2 2B 3 1 3
dx 2(2)
5 78
dy
hr(2) 5 6(21) Ax2 1 x 2 2B 3 1 3 5 3
5 26. (x 1 2)3 (x 2 1)3 5 0
x 5 22 or x 5 1
15. V(t) 5 50 000a1 2 b
t 2
Vr(t) 5 50 000 c2a1 2 b a2 b d
30 30 at (22, 3).
x2 (1 2 x)3
Vr(10) 5 50 000 c2a1 2 b a2 b d
10 1
19. y 5
30 30 (1 1 x)3
5 x2 c a bd
12x 3
5 50 000 c2a b a2 b d
2 1
3 30 11x
b 1 3x2 a b
8 2222 dy 12x 3 12x 2
dx 11x 11x
3 c d
2 (1 1 x) 2 (1 2 x)(1)
(1 1 x)2
position function.
s(t) 5 At 3 1 t 2 B 2 12x 3
b 1 3x2 a
12x 2
b c
22
d
1
5 2xa
11x 11x (1 1 x)2
v(t) 5 sr(t) 5 At 3 1 t 2 B 22 A3t 2 1 2tB
1 1
b c d
2 12x 2 12x 3x
5 2xa 2
3t 2 1 2t 11x 11x (1 1 x)2
5
b c d
2"t 3 1 t 2 1 2 x 2 1 2 x2 2 3x
5 2xa
3(3)2 1 2(3) 11x (1 1 x)2
v(3) 5
2"33 1 32 2xAx2 1 3x 2 1B (1 2 x)2
52
27 1 6 (1 1 x)4
5
2"36
5
5 2.75 f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
hS0 h
17. a. h(x) 5 p(x)q(x)r(x)
1 p(x)q(x)rr(x)

b. h(x) 5 x(2x 1 7)4 (x 2 1)2
5 333u2 2 10Au3 2 7uB A3u2 2 7B4 ? a x2 b
1 1
hr(x) 5 (1)(2x 1 7)4 (x 2 1)2
5 33u2 2 10Au3 2 7uB A3u2 2 7B4 ?
1
1 x34(2x 1 7)3 (2)4 (x 2 1)2
1 x(2x 1 7)4 32(x 2 1)4
2"x
At x 5 4:
u 5 "4 hr(23) 5 1(16) 1 (23)34(1)(2)4 (16)
52 1 (23)(1)32(24)4
5 16 2 384 1 24
5 33(2)2 2 10( (2)3 2 7(2))(3(2)2 2 7)4
dy 1
5 2344
18. y 5 Ax2 1 x 2 2B 3 1 3
dx 2(2)
5 78
dy
hr(2) 5 6(21) Ax2 1 x 2 2B 3 1 3 5 3
5 26. (x 1 2)3 (x 2 1)3 5 0
x 5 22 or x 5 1
15. V(t) 5 50 000a1 2 b
t 2
Vr(t) 5 50 000 c2a1 2 b a2 b d
30 30 at (22, 3).
x2 (1 2 x)3
Vr(10) 5 50 000 c2a1 2 b a2 b d
10 1
19. y 5
30 30 (1 1 x)3
5 x2 c a bd
12x 3
5 50 000 c2a b a2 b d
2 1
3 30 11x
b 1 3x2 a b
8 2222 dy 12x 3 12x 2
dx 11x 11x
3 c d
2 (1 1 x) 2 (1 2 x)(1)
(1 1 x)2
position function.
s(t) 5 At 3 1 t 2 B 2 12x 3
b 1 3x2 a
12x 2
b c
22
d
1
5 2xa
11x 11x (1 1 x)2
v(t) 5 sr(t) 5 At 3 1 t 2 B 22 A3t 2 1 2tB
1 1
b c d
2 12x 2 12x 3x
5 2xa 2
3t 2 1 2t 11x 11x (1 1 x)2
5
b c d
2"t 3 1 t 2 1 2 x 2 1 2 x2 2 3x
5 2xa
3(3)2 1 2(3) 11x (1 1 x)2
v(3) 5
2"33 1 32 2xAx2 1 3x 2 1B (1 2 x)2
52
27 1 6 (1 1 x)4
5
2"36
5
5 2.75 f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
hS0 h
17. a. h(x) 5 p(x)q(x)r(x)
1 p(x)q(x)rr(x)

dx
f(z) 2 f(x) 3
f r(x) 5 lim . b. f(x) 5 x4

zSx z2x
3 1
2. a. y 5 2x2 2 5x 3
5 14
dy (2(x 1 h)2 2 5(x 1 h)) 2 A2x2 2 5xB 4x
5 lim 7
dx hS0 h c. y 5 4
2A(x 1 h)2 2 x2 B 2 5h 3x
5 lim 7
hS0 h 5 x24
2((x 1 h) 2 x)((x 1 h) 1 x) 2 5h 3
5 lim dy 228 25
hS0 h 5 x
2h(2x 1 h) 2 5h dx 3
5 lim 28
hS0 h 52 5
5 lim (2(2x 1 h) 2 5) 3x
hS0 1
5 4x 2 5 d. y 5 2
x 15
b. y 5 !x 2 6 5 Ax2 1 5B 21
dy !(x 1 h) 2 6 2 !x 2 6 dy
5 lim 5 (21)Ax2 1 5B 22 ? (2x)
dx hS0 h dx
!(x 1 h) 2 6 2 !x 2 6 2x
5 lim c 52 2
Ax 1 5B 2
hS0 h
!(x 1 h) 2 6 1 !x 2 6
3
d A3 2 x2 B 2
e. y 5
!(x 1 h) 2 6 1 !x 2 6
3
5 3A3 2 x2 B 22
( (x 1 h) 2 6) 2 (x 2 6)
5 (26)A3 2 x2 B 23 ? (22x)
dy
hS0 h( !(x 1 h) 2 6 1 !x 2 6)
5 lim
dx
1 12x
hS0 !(x 1 h) 2 6 1 !x 2 6
5 lim
A3 2 x2 B 3
5
f. y 5 "7x2 1 4x 1 1
1
2 !x 2 6
5
5 A7x2 1 4x 1 1B 2
1
x
5 A7x2 1 4x 1 1B 22 A14x 1 4B
c. y 5 dy 1 1
42x
dx 2
x1h x
2 7x 1 2
5
"7x2 1 4x 1 1
dy 4 2 (x 1 h) 42x
5 lim
dx hS0 h 2x3 2 1
(x 1 h)(4 2 x) 2 x(4 2 (x 1 h)) 4. a. f(x) 5
x2
(4 2 (x 1 h))(4 2 x) 1
5 lim 5 2x 2 2
hS0 h x
4h 5 2x 2 x22
5 lim
hS0 h(4 2 (x 1 h))(4 2 x) f r(x) 5 2 1 2x23
4 2
5 lim 521 3
hS0 (4 2 (x 1 h))(4 2 x) x
4
5
(4 2 x)2

b. g(x) 5 !xAx3 2 xB (2x 2 5)4
c. y 5
5 x2 Ax3 2 xB (x 1 1)3
1
7
5 x2 2 x2
3 (x 1 1)34(2x 2 5)3 (2)
yr 5
7 5 3 1 (x 1 1)6
gr(x) 5 x2 2 x2 3(2x 2 5)4 (x 1 1)2
2 2 2
!x 2 (x 1 1)6
5 A7x 2 3B (x 1 1)2 (2x 2 5)3 38x 1 8 2 6x 1 154
2 5
x (x 1 1)6
c. y 5 3
(2x 2 5) (2x 1 23)
3x 2 5 yr 5
dy (3x 2 5)(1) 2 (x)(3) (x 1 1)4
5
d. y 5 a b 5 (10x 2 1)6 (3x 1 5)26
dx (3x 2 5)2 10x 2 1 6
5 3x 1 5
52
(3x 2 5)2 yr 5 (10x 2 1)6 326(3x 1 5)27 (3)4
1 1 6(10x 2 1)5 (10)(3x 1 5)26
d. y 5 (x 2 1)2 (x 1 1)
5 (10x 2 1)5 (3x 1 5)27 3x 2 18(10x 2 1)4
yr 5 (x 2 1)2 1 (x 1 1)a b (x 2 1)22
1 1 1
1 60(3x 1 5)
2
5 (10x 2 1)5 (3x 1 5)27
5 !x 2 1 1
x11
3 (2180x 1 18 1 180x 1 300)
2!x 2 1 318(10x 2 1)5
2x 2 2 1 x 1 1 5
5 (3x 1 5)7
2!x 2 1 e. y 5 (x 2 2)3 Ax2 1 9B 4
5
3x 2 1 yr 5 (x 2 2)3 C4Ax2 1 9B 3 (2x)D
2!x 2 1 1 3(x 2 2)2 (1)Ax2 1 9B 4
2
5 (x 2 2)2 Ax2 1 9B 3 A11x2 2 16x 1 27B

1 2
5 ( x2 1 2) 23
f r(x) 5
22 12
(
5 1
x 1 2) 23 # x2 2
1
f. y 5 A1 2 x2 B 3 (6 1 2x)23
3 2
5a b
1 2 x2 3
1 6 1 2x
3 !xA !x 1 2B 3
52 5
b
1 2 x2 2
x2 1 5x 1 4 yr 5 3a
f. y 5 6 1 2x
x14
(6 1 2x)(22x) 2 A1 2 x2 B (2)
5
(x 1 4)(x 1 1) 3 c d
x14 (6 1 2x)2
5 x 1 1, x 2 24 3A1 2 x2 B 2 A212x 2 4x2 2 2 1 2x2 B
5
dy (6 1 2x)4
51
dx 3A1 2 x B A2x2 1 12x 1 2B
2 2
52
5. a. y 5 x4 (2x 2 5)6 (6 1 2x)4
yr 5 x4 36(2x 2 5)5 (2)4 1 4x3 (2x 2 5)6 3A1 2 x2 B 2 Ax2 1 6x 1 1B
5 4x3 (2x 2 5)5 33x 1 (2x 2 5)4 52
8(3 2 x)4
5 4x3 (2x 2 5)5 (5x 2 5) 2
5 20x3 (2x 2 5)5 (x 2 1) 6. a. g(x) 5 f(x )
gr(x) 5 f(x2 ) 3 2x
b. y 5 x"x2 1 1
b. h(x) 5 2xf(x)
yr 5 x c Ax2 1 1B 22 (2x)d 1 (1)"x2 1 1
1 1
hr(x) 5 2xf r(x) 1 2f(x)
2
18
1 "x2 1 1
x2 7. a. y 5 5u2 1 3u 2 1, u 5 2
5
"x2 1 1
x 15
x52
u52

dy 4
5 10u 1 3 5 22 ?
du 5
du 36x 8
Ax 1 5B 2
52 2 52
dx 5
8. f(x) 5 A9 2 x2 B 3
2
When x 5 2,
f r(x) 5 A9 2 x2 B 23 (22x)
du 72 8 2 1
52 52
dx 81 9 3
When u 5 2, 24x
5 1
dy 3(9 2 x2 )3
5 20 1 3
du 2
f r(1) 5 2
5 23 3
5 23a2 b
dx 9 9. y 5 2x3 1 6x2
184 yr 5 23x2 1 12x
52
9 23x2 1 12x 5 212 23x2 1 12x 5 215
!x 1 x
2
u14 x 2 4x 2 4 5 0 x2 2 4x 2 5 5 0
4 6 !16 1 16
b. y 5 ,u5 ,
u24 10
x5 (x 2 5)(x 1 1) 5 0
x54 2
3 4 6 4!2
u5 5 x 5 5, x 5 21
5 2
dy (u 2 4) 2 (u 1 4) x 5 2 6 2 !2
5
du (u 2 4)2
5 a x22 1 1b
du 1 1 1
dx 10 2
When x 5 4,
5 a b
8 du 1 5
52
(u 2 4)2 dx 10 4
1
5
8
3
When u 5 ,
5
dy 8
52
du
a 2 b
3 20 2 10. a. i. y 5 Ax2 2 4B 5
5 5 yr 5 5Ax2 2 4B 4 (2x)
52 10xAx2 2 4B 4 5 0
(217)2
When x 5 4, x 5 0, x 5 62
dy 8(25) 1 ii. y 5 Ax3 2 xB 2
5 3 yr 5 2Ax3 2 xB A3x2 2 1B
dx 172 8
25
Horizontal tangent,
5 2x(x2 2 1)(3x2 2 1) 5 0
289
!3
c. y 5 f("x2 1 9), f r(5) 5 22, x 5 4 x 5 0, x 5 61, x 5 6 .
3
5 f r("x2 1 9) 3 Ax2 1 9B 22 (2x)
dy 1 1
dx 2
dy 1 1
5 f r(5) ? ? ? 8
dx 2 5

b. i. Slope of x 1 5y 2 10 5 0 is 2 15.
x52
y 5 3(4) 2 14 1 5
5 3.
y 2 3 5 5(x 2 2)
5x 2 y 2 7 5 0.
dy
5 4x
dx
Therefore, 8 5 16 1 b, b 5 28.
Or 8x 1 b 5 2x2
2x2 2 8x 2 b 5 0
8 6 !64 1 8b
x5 .
2(2)
64 1 8b 5 0, b 5 28.
14. a.
b.
11. a. y 5 Ax2 1 5x 1 2B 4 at (0, 16)
yr 5 4Ax2 1 5x 1 2B 3 (2x 1 5)
At x 5 0,
yr 5 4(2)3 (5)
5 160
y 2 16 5 160(x 2 0)
y 5 160x 1 16
or 160x 2 y 1 16 5 0
b. y 5 A3x22 2 2x3 B 5 at (1, 1)
yr 5 5A3x22 2 2x3 B 4 A26x23 2 6x2 B
At x 5 1,
5 260
y 2 1 5 260(x 2 1)
60x 1 y 2 61 5 0.
12. y 5 3x2 2 7x 1 5
dy
dx

Ax2 2 6B A3x2 B 2 x3 (2x) 30x 5 30
Ax2 2 6B 2
c. f r(x) 5 x51
Therefore a 5 1.
x4 2 18x2
Ax 2 6B 2
5 2 16. M 5 0.1t2 2 0.001t3
a. When t 5 10,
x4 2 18x2
M 5 0.1(100) 2 0.001(1000)
Ax2 2 6B 2
50
59
x2 Ax2 2 18B 5 0 When t 5 15,
x2 5 0 or x2 2 18 5 0 M 5 0.1(225) 2 0.001(3375)
x50 x 5 63 !2 5 19.125
are (0, 0), Q 3 !2, 9 !2 9 !2
2 R , and Q 23!2, 2 2 R .
b. Mr 5 0.2t 2 0.003t2
When t 5 10,
part b.
Mr 5 0.2(10) 2 0.003(100)
16 2 72
f r(2) 5 5 1.7
(22)2
1.7 words> min.
256
5
4 When t 5 15,
5 214 Mr 5 0.2(15) 2 0.003(225)
5 2.325
2.325 words> min.
30
17. a. N(t) 5 20 2
"9 1 t2
5 2
15. a. f(x) 5 2x3 2 5x3 30t
A9 1 t2 B 2
5 2 2 1 Nr(t) 5 3
f r(x) 5 2 3 x3 2 5 3 x3
5 x 2 13
f(x) 5 0 6 x3 32x 2 54 5 0
2
2
18. C(x) 5 x3 1 40x 1 700
3
f r(x) 5 a 13 b
10 x 2 1
a. Cr(x) 5 x2 1 40
3 x
b. Cr(x) 5 76
f ra b 5
5 10 3 1
3 3 5 13 x2 1 40 5 76
2 3 2 Q2 R
x2 5 36
!
3
2 2 1 x56
553 3 5 53 3 23
5 (25 3 2)3
1
x2 2
19. R(x) 5 750x 2 2 x3
5! 3 6 3
50
10 23 x
10 Rr(x) 5 750 2 2 2x2
x 2 13 5 0 3
3 3x

b. Rr(10) 5 750 2
10
2 2(100) c. h(x) 5 " 3
(x 2 2)2
5 $546.67 at x 5 1.
20 d. m(x) 5 Z3x 2 3 Z 2 1.
!p 2 1
20. D(p) 5 ,p.1
Dr(p) 5 20a2 b (p 2 1)22
2 3
23. a. f(x) 5 2
10 4x 2 x
52 3
(p 2 1)2 3
5
10 10 x(4x 2 1)
Dr(5) 5 52
4
21. B(x) 5 20.2x2 1 500, 0 # x # 40 x2 2 x 2 6
b. f(x) 5
a. B(0) 5 20.2(0)2 1 500 5 500 x2 2 9
B(30) 5 20.2(30)2 1 500 5 320 (x 2 3)(x 1 2)
5
b. Br(x) 5 20.4x (x 2 3)(x 1 3)
Br(0) 5 20.4(0) 5 0 (x 1 2)
5 for x 2 3
Br(30) 5 20.4(30) 5 212 (x 1 3)
5 !(x 2 6)(x 2 1)
d. Br(50) 5 20.4(50) 5 220
B(50) 5 20.2(50)2 1 500 5 0
(t 1 1)(25) 2 (25t)(t)
5
5
22. a. f(x) 5 f(x) 5 2x 1 3
1 2 x2
3x 1
5 y5
(1 2 x)(1 1 x) 2x 1 3
yr 5
x21 2
b. g(x) 5 2 52
x 1 5x 2 6 (2x 1 3)2
x21 f(x) 5 5x 1 10
5
(x 1 6)(x 2 1) 1
y5
1 5x 1 10
5 for x 2 1
(x 1 6) (5x 1 10)(0) 2 (1)(5)
yr 5
5 28. a. f(x) 5 (2x 2 5)3 (3x2 1 4)5
52
(5x 1 10)2 f r(x) 5 (2x 2 5)3 (5)A3x2 1 4B 4 (6x)
1
5 30x(2x 2 5)3 A3x2 1 4B 4
2a 1 6(3x2 1 4)5 (2x 2 5)2
yr 5
(ax 1 b)2 5 6(2x 2 5)2 A3x2 1 4B 4
3 C5x(2x 2 5) 1 A3x2 1 4B D
yr 5 lim c d
1 1 1
5 6(2x 2 5)2 A3x2 1 4B 4
2
1 ax 1 b 2 3a(x 1 h)b4 3 A10x2 2 25x 1 3x2 1 4B
5 lim c d
hS0 h 3a(x 1 h) 1 b4 (ax 1 h) 5 6(2x 2 5)2 (3x2 1 4)4
3 (13x2 2 25x 1 4)
5 lim c d
1 ax 1 b 2 ax 2 ah 2 b
b. g(x) 5 (8x )(4x2 1 2x 2 3)5
3
hS0 h 3a(x 1 h) 1 b4 (ax 1 b)
gr(x) 5 (8x3 )(5)(4x2 1 2x 2 3)4 (8x 1 2)
5 lim c d
1 2ah 1 (4x2 1 2x 2 3)5 (24x2 )
hS0 h 3a(x 1 h) 1 b4 (ax 1 b) 5 40x3 (4x2 1 2x 2 3)4 (8x 1 2)
2a 1 24x2 (4x2 1 2x 2 3)5
hS0 3a(x 1 h) 1 b4 (ax 1 b)
5 lim 5 8x2 (4x2 1 2x 2 3)4 35x(8x 1 2)
2a 1 3(4x2 1 2x 2 3)4
5 5 8x2 (4x2 1 2x 2 3)4
(ax 1 b)2
26. a. Let y 5 f(x) (40x2 1 10x 1 12x2 1 6x 2 9)
(2x 2 3)2 1 5 5 8x2 (4x2 1 2x 2 3)4 (52x2 1 16x 2 9)
y5 c. y 5 (5 1 x)2 (4 2 7x3 )6
2x 2 3
yr 5 (5 1 x)2 (6)(4 2 7x3 )5 (221x2 )
Let u 5 2x 2 3.
1 (4 2 7x3 )6 (2)(5 1 x)
u2 1 5
Then y 5 . 5 2126x2 (5 1 x)2 (4 2 7x3 )5
u
1 2(5 1 x)(4 2 7x3 )6
y 5 u 1 5u21 5 2(5 1 x)(4 2 7x3 )5 3263x2 (5 1 x)
b. f r(x) 5
dy 1 4 2 7x34
dx 5 2(5 1 x)(4 2 7x3 )5 (4 2 315x2 2 70x3 )
dy dy du 6x 2 1
5 3 d. h(x) 5
dx du dx (3x 1 5)4
5 (1 2 5u22 )(2) (3x 1 5)4 (6) 2 (6x 2 1)(4)(3x 1 5)3 (3)
5 2(1 2 5(2x 2 3)22 ) hr(x) 5
((3x 1 5)4 )2
27. g(x) 5 !2x 2 3 1 5(2x 2 3) 6(3x 1 5) 3(3x 1 5) 2 2(6x 2 1)4
3
5
(3x 1 5)8
a. Let y 5 g(x). 6(29x 1 7)
y 5 !2x 2 3 1 5(2x 2 3) 5
(3x 1 5)5
Let u 5 2x 2 3. (2x2 2 5)3
e. y 5
Then y 5 !u 1 5u. (x 1 8)2
dy dy du dy (x 1 8)2 (3)(2x2 2 5)2 (4x)
A(x 1 8)2 B 2
b. gr(x) 5 5 3 5
dx du dx dx
(2x2 2 5)3 (2)(x 1 8)
5 a u 1 5b (2)
1 212
A(x 1 8)2 B 2
2
2
212
5 u 1 10 2(x 1 8)(2x2 2 5)2 36x(x 1 8) 2 (2x2 2 5)4
1
5 (2x 2 3)22 1 10 5
(x 1 8)4
2(2x2 2 5)2 (4x2 1 48x 1 5)
5
(x 1 8)3

23x4 In (1),
f. f(x) 5
"4x 2 8 4a 2 8a 5 16
23x4 24a 5 16
5 1
a 5 24
(4x 2 8)2
1
Using (1),
(4x 2 8)2 (212x3 ) b 5 28(24) 5 32
A(4x 2 8)2 B 2
f r(x) 5 1
a 5 24, b 5 32, c 5 0, f(x) 5 24x2 1 32x
30. a. A(t) 5 2t3 1 5t 1 750
(23x4 )a b (4x 2 8) 2 2 (4)
1 1
2 Ar(t) 5 23t2 1 5
A(4x 2 8)2 B 2
2 1 b. Ar(5) 5 23(25) 1 5
5 270
26x3 (4x 2 8)22 32(4x 2 8) 2 x4
1

5 3
5 3
g. g(x) 5 a b
2x 1 5 4
b
2x 1 5 3
gr(x) 5 4a
6 2 x2
3a b
(6 2 x2 )(2) 2 (2x 1 5)(22x)
(6 2 x2 )2
b a b
2x 1 5 3 2(6 1 x2 1 5x)
5 4a
b a b
2x 1 5 3 (x 1 2)(x 1 3)
5 8a
6 2 x2 (6 2 x2 )2 Chapter 2 Test, p. 114
h. y 5 c 2 3d
3
dx
0 5 a(0)2 1 b(0) 1 c f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
3. f(x) 5 lim
c50 hS0 h
5 lim
0 5 a(8)2 1 b(8) 1 c hS0 h
0 5 64a 1 8b 1 0 x 1 h 2 (x2 1 2hx 1 h2 ) 2 x 1 x2
5 lim
8a 1 b 5 0 (2) hS0 h
Solve (1) and (2): h 2 2hx 2 h2
From (2), b 5 28a (1) 5 lim
hS0 h

23x4 In (1),
f. f(x) 5
"4x 2 8 4a 2 8a 5 16
23x4 24a 5 16
5 1
a 5 24
(4x 2 8)2
1
Using (1),
(4x 2 8)2 (212x3 ) b 5 28(24) 5 32
A(4x 2 8)2 B 2
f r(x) 5 1
a 5 24, b 5 32, c 5 0, f(x) 5 24x2 1 32x
30. a. A(t) 5 2t3 1 5t 1 750
(23x4 )a b (4x 2 8) 2 2 (4)
1 1
2 Ar(t) 5 23t2 1 5
A(4x 2 8)2 B 2
2 1 b. Ar(5) 5 23(25) 1 5
5 270
26x3 (4x 2 8)22 32(4x 2 8) 2 x4
1

5 3
5 3
g. g(x) 5 a b
2x 1 5 4
b
2x 1 5 3
gr(x) 5 4a
6 2 x2
3a b
(6 2 x2 )(2) 2 (2x 1 5)(22x)
(6 2 x2 )2
b a b
2x 1 5 3 2(6 1 x2 1 5x)
5 4a
b a b
2x 1 5 3 (x 1 2)(x 1 3)
5 8a
6 2 x2 (6 2 x2 )2 Chapter 2 Test, p. 114
h. y 5 c 2 3d
3
dx
0 5 a(0)2 1 b(0) 1 c f(x 1 h) 2 f(x)
3. f(x) 5 lim
c50 hS0 h
5 lim
0 5 a(8)2 1 b(8) 1 c hS0 h
0 5 64a 1 8b 1 0 x 1 h 2 (x2 1 2hx 1 h2 ) 2 x 1 x2
5 lim
8a 1 b 5 0 (2) hS0 h
Solve (1) and (2): h 2 2hx 2 h2
From (2), b 5 28a (1) 5 lim
hS0 h

h(1 2 2x 2 h) 6. y 5 3u2 1 2u
5 lim
hS0 h dy
5 6u 1 2
5 lim (1 2 2x 2 h) du
u 5 "x2 1 5
hS0
5 1 2 2x
d du 1 1
Therefore, (x 2 x2 ) 5 1 2 2x. 5 (x2 1 5)22 2x

dx dy 2
b
1 dy x
5 (6u 1 2)a
4. a. y 5 x3 2 3x25 1 4p
3 dx "x 1 5
2
dy At x 5 22, u 5 3.
5 x2 1 15x26
dx
5 (20)a2 b
b. y 5 6(2x 2 9)5 dy 2
dy dx 3
5 30(2x 2 9)4 (2) 40
dx 52
5 60(2x 2 9)4 3
2 x 3
7. y 5 (3x22 2 2x3 )5
c. y 5 1 1 6"
"x "3
x dy
5 5(3x22 2 2x3 )4 (26x23 2 6x2 )
1 1 1
dx
5 2x22 1 x 1 6x3
"3
At (1, 1),
dy
dy 3 1 2 5 5(1)4 (26 2 6)
5 2x22 1 1 2x23
"3
dx
dx
5 260.
d. y 5 a b
x2 1 6 5
b
dy x2 1 6 4 2x(3x 1 4) 2 (x2 1 6)3 y 2 1 5 260x 1 60
5 5a
dx 3x 1 4 (3x 1 4)2 60x 1 y 2 61 5 0.
5(x2 1 6)4 (3x2 1 8x 2 18)
5 1
(3x 1 4)6 8. P(t) 5 (t 4 1 3)3
e. y 5 x2 "3
6x2 2 7 Pr(t) 5 3(t 4 1 3)2 a t24 b
1 1 3
dy 1 1 2
4
5 2x(6x2 2 7)3 1 x2 (6x2 2 7)23 (12x)
Pr(16) 5 3(16 4 1 3)2 a 3 1624 b
dx 3 1 1 3
2
5 2x(6x2 2 7)23 ( (6x2 2 7) 1 2x2 ) 4
5 3(2 1 3)2 a 3 b
2
5 2x(6x2 2 7)23 (8x2 2 7) 1 1
4x5 2 5x4 1 6x 2 2 4 8
f. y 5 75
x4 5
5 4x 2 5 1 6x23 2 2x24 32
5 4 2 18x24 1 8x25 75
dx 32 ppm>year.
4x5 2 18x 1 8 9. y 5 x4
5
x5 dy
5 4x3
5. y 5 (x2 1 3x 2 2)(7 2 3x) dx
dy 1
5 (2x 1 3)(7 2 3x) 1 (x2 1 3x 2 2)(23) 2 5 4x3
dx 16
At (1, 8),
dy
5 (5)(4) 1 (2)(23) dy 1
dx 52 .
dx 16
5 14.
1
y 5 (x2 1 3x 2 2)(7 2 3x) at (1, 8) is 14. 64

1 11. y 5 x2 1 ax 1 b
x52
4 dy
5 2x 1 a
1 dx
y5
256 y 5 x3
5 3x2
16 at Q 2 14, 256
1
R. dx
dy (1, 1), then 2x 1 a 5 3x2.
5 3x2 2 2x 2 1 At (1, 1) 2(1) 1 a 5 3(1)2
dx
dy a 5 1.
3x2 2 2x 2 1 5 0
y 5 x2 1 x 1 b, 1 5 12 1 1 1 b
(3x 1 1)(x 2 1) 5 0
b 5 21.
1
3 respectively.
1 1 1
y52 2 1 11 y51212111
27 9 3
50
21 2 3 1 9 1 27
5
27
32
5
27
27 ), (1, 0 R .

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