English-Russian Glossary of

Key Terms on Vaccinology

and Immunization

-




 World Health Organization 2009
All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for
permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full.
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of
any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country,
territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines
on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.
The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers products does not imply that they are endorsed or
recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.
Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.
All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained
in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either
express or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event
shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. The views expressed by authors,
editors, or expert groups do not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the World Health
Organization.

, 2009 .

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 Preface

To ensure technical documents of high quality with a common understanding of terminology

standardized across languages, the Vaccine and Immunization Programme of the WHO Regional
Office for Europe has developed the first edition of English-Russian Glossary of Key Terms on
Vaccinology and Immunization. The Programme publishes all of its technical documents in
Russian, which is one of the Regions four working languages. It was recognized that in the
translation process inconsistencies in the interpretation and terminology of key terms used in this
field of work can arise and lead to misinterpretation and misunderstanding by field staff using
these documents for programme implementation. The purpose in developing this glossary is to
bring standardization in the use of key terms to facilitate communication, including translation.

This work was a significant undertaking and the first of its kind. Its importance is considerable
and it covers a wide range of terms used in the fields of vaccinology and immunization. These
fields have grown substantially with many changes over the past ten years. With the
introduction of new vaccines, such as Hib vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b and
rotavirus vaccine, common terminology must be used in translating technical documents for
implementation. In addition, the areas of vaccine quality and safety have also been strengthened
with new technologies and initiatives which require a common understanding of key terms in
English and Russian. The glossary is a compilation of key terms and should be used as a
standard when developing and translating technical documents in Russian.

The WHO Regional Office for Europe would like to acknowledge the following people for their
contribution to this work: Drs. Sergey Litvinov and Irina Mikheeva and Mr. Georgy Pignastyy
for their initiative and efforts in developing the first draft: and Drs. Eugene Gavrilin, Andrei
Lobanov, and Georgy Oblapenko, of WHO Europe, for editing and finalizing the first edition of
this glossary. The Programme would also like to extend its thanks to the staff of the WHO
Regional Office for Europe who contributed in collecting information and ensuring the
finalization of the glossary, including Ms. Malika Abdusalyamova, who provided administrative
support for publication.

As the fields of vaccinology and immunization continue to grow, the number of terms will
continue to increase, therefore, we are looking forward to your continuous input on any of the
key terms or any other terms that should be included in the next edition. We hope that you find
this glossary a useful tool in your work to develop and implement strategies for vaccine-
preventable diseases.

Nedret Emiroglu, M.D., Ph.D.

Copenhagen, Denmark
August 2008


-
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, . ,

,
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/
.
, .

.
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. ,
Haemophilus influenzae b ,

.
,
.


.

- .
, - . - .
, - . , - . - .
-
.
,
, -
,
.

..
, .

,
,
,
. ,
,
.

- , ...
,
2008

2
English-Russian Glossary of Key Terms on Vaccinology and
Immunization

A
Abscess /

Absorptive capacity / -

Accelerated degradation test (ADT) / (ADT)
.
Accelerated Development and Introduction Plans (ADIPs) /
()

Accelerated Disease Control (ADC) / (ADC)

.
Accellular pertussis vaccine (aP) / ()
()
,
B.pertussis.
Acceptable risk / ;

Accreditation / ()
c
.
Accuracy / ,
Acquired immunity, syn. Adaptive immunity /
,
,
.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) /
()
Active immunity /
,
( ).
Active immunization /

.
3
Active surveillance /
Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) / ()
, ,
, - ().
Acute (viral) hepatitis / ()
Adequate clinical specimen(s) / ()

Adequate stool specimens /

,
.
Adjuvant /
,
.
Administration of vaccine /
. Vaccine administration ( ).
Adsorbed (toxoid) / ()
, ,
.
Advanced Immunization Management /



, -. - AIM e-
Learning: http://aim-e-learning.stanford.edu/
Advanced Market Commitments (AMCs) /

Adverse event monitoring / (
)
Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) /
()
, .

.
Adverse reaction /

().
Advocacy /
,
.
Advocacy and communication /
Advisory Committee on Immunization/

,
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) /

4
 ()
CDC, .
Age of infection, syn. Age at acquisition of infection, age at infection /

Age-sex register / ,
Age-specific fertility rate /

1000 .
Age-specific incidence rate /

Age-specific mortality rate /

Agent (causative) /
(),
( ).
Agglutination test /
.
Aggravated history /

,
.
Aggregated data /
Aggregate reporting /
( ).
Aggregate surveillance / ,

Airborne infections, syn. Aerial infections / -
Allergic reaction /
Ampoule /

Analytic(al) study /
, -

.
Anaphylactic shock /
,

.
Animal model /
Annual Progress Report /
,
.

5
Annualized non-polio AFP rate /
,
Antenatal / ,
Antenatal clinic / ()
Anthrax vaccine /
Antibody /
Antibody-mediated immunity, syn. Humoral immunity / ,
, .
Antibody response /
.
. Immune response ( ).
Antibody titer /
, .
Antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) /
B (-HBs)
Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) /
() B (-HBc)
Antigen /
,
.
Antigen-antibody reaction / -
in vivo in vitro.
Antigen detection /
Antigenic competition /
,

.
Antigenic shift / , .
/ ,
,
.
Antiserum, syn. Immune serum / , .

, .
Antitoxin /
, ,
().
Applied epidemiology /
Appropriate technology / () ()
, , , ,
.
Arboviruses /

6
Arithmetic mean / ()
Aseptic meningitis /
, .
Assessment /
Attack rate /
,
, ,
.
Attenuated vaccine (strain) / ()
, ()
.
Autism /

Autoantibodies / ,
.
Autoclave /
,
.
. Steam autoclaving ( ).
Auto-disable syringe (AD syringe, ADS), syn. obs. Autodestruct syringe /
() (-)
,
, .
Auto-reconstitution /

,
.

B
Bacillus Calmette-Gurin (BCG) / - ()
Mycobacterium bovis,
.
. BCG vaccine ( ).
Bacterial meningitis /
,
.
Bacter(i)emia /
.
Bacteriolysins /
, .
Bacteriophage / , ,
Bacterium (pl. bacteria) /

Bar chart /

7

Basic Support for Institutionalizing Child Survival (BASICS) /
()
().
Batch (or lot) / ()
(, , ),
,
.
. Product lot ( ).
Batch record /
,
.
BCG vaccine /

Bias /
, ,
.
Biologic(al) laboratory, syn. Biomedical laboratory / ,
.
Biologicals / -
Bioreactor / , .
,
,
.
Biosafety, syn. Biological safety /
(
)
.
. Biosecurity ().
Biosafety cabinet /
, .
.
.
. Laminar flow hoods ( ( )).
Biosafety cabinet class I / I
,
.
. Laminar flow hoods ( ( )).
Biosafety cabinet class II / II
,

.
. Laminar flow hoods ( ( )).
Biosafety cabinet class III / III
,

8
 .
. Laminar flow hoods ( ( )).
Biosafety level (BSL) / () (BSL)
. Laboratory safety ( ).
Biosecurity / , . ;
. Biosafety ().
Birth cohort /
, .
Birth dose /
( )
Birth rate /

.
. Death rate ( ).
Blind method, syn. Masked method /
.
Blocking antibodies /
, .
Blood-borne infection / ,
Booster dose, syn. Booster shot /
,
.
Booster immunization / ;
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) / ()
Break-seal amp(o)ul(e) / ()
Breastfeeding woman /
Bridge financing / ()
, .
Buffer stock / ()
Bulk product (vaccine) / ()

, ,
.
Burden of disease, syn. Disease burden /
. Environmental burden of disease ( ),
Global burden of disease ( ).
Baseline (data) / ()
Benefit cost ratio /

C
Candidate vaccine / -

9
Capacity building / ()

Carrier / ( )

Case / ()
Case-based data, syn. Line-listed data /
Case-based surveillance / ,
Case-control study / -
,

().
Case definition / ()

, / .
. Standart case definition
Case detection / ()
Case-fatality rate /
.
Case history, syn. Case clinical history / ; ;

. Case record ( ).
Case investigation form / ;

Case management / ()
Case notification /
Case record, syn. Case clinical record / ;
(, , )
. Case history ().
Catch-up immunization (campaigns) /


.
Causal link /
Causative agent (of disease) / (
Cause of disease /
Cause-effect relations / -
Cause-specific mortality rate / ,

,
() ,
.
Cell culture /

10
Cell lines /
, in vitro.
ell engineering /
.
Cell marker /
, .
Cell membrane /
.
Cell wall /
,
, .
Cellular immunity, syn. Cell-bound or cell-mediated immunity (CMI) /
()

() -.
Census /
Center of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance (CSSES) /
- ()
Centers of Hygiene and Epidemiology (CHE) /
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. A. /
(CDC/),
Centrifuge /
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) / ();

Cerebrospinal meningitis /
Certificate of compliance /
, ,
.
Certificate of quality / ;
CFC-Free Equipment /
Chain of infection /
Check list / ;
Chemoprophylaxis / ()
,
, .
Chickenpox, syn. Varicella /
Child-bearing aged women, syn. Women of childbearing age (WCBA) /

Childhood immunization / ()
Childrens Vaccine Initiative (CVI) / (CVI)

11
Cholera vaccine /
Chronic HBV infection /
, .
Circulating immune complex / ()
Clinical follow-up examination / ()
, 60
.
. Follow-up visit ( /).
Clinical manifestations /
Clinical trial /

, .
Clone, syn. Gene clone /
,
.
,
.
Close monitoring /
Cluster /
Cluster sampling /
,
() ( ,
.).
Cohort /
, -

Cohort study, / ,

.
Coinfection / , . (, )
-

Cold-adapted strain /
Cold box /
,

.
. Vaccine-carrier (-).
Cold chain /
,


.
. Cold chain system ( ).

12
Cold chain monitor card (CCM), syn. Monitor mark indicator /
- ()
,
.
+10C.
Cold Chain Monitor and Freeze Watch (STOP!WatchTM) /
- (STOP!WatchTM)
-
Freeze WatchTM.
Cold chain system /
. Cold chain ( ).
Cold room /
,
,
, .
Cold store / -
Collection of specimen for viral culture /

Collection of stool samples /
Combined vaccine syn. Combination vaccine /
( )
, ,

.
. Vaccines ().
Commitment / ; ;
, ,
(,
(continuing commitment)),
(commitment to the principles).

- government commitment /
()
, ,
-
.

- political commitment / ().

Committee on Infectious Diseases (COID) /
()
.
Common source outbreak / ,
()
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) /
()
. Newly Independent States ( ).

13
Communicable / ;
Communicable disease, syn. Infectious disease /
. Transmission of infection ( ).
Communication / ()
.
Communication plan /
Community-based surveillance / ;
,
,
,
.
Community health worker, syn. Basic health worker /
( ); -
- ,

.
Community immunity /
. Herd immunity ( ).
Community sensitization /

Complement fixation test (CFT), syn. CF test /
()
.
Comprehensice Multi-Year Plan (cMYP)/
Complications /
Concomitant infection, syn. Concurrent infection /
Confidence interval (CI) / (),

Confidence limit / ;

.
Confluent /
Congenital rubella infection (CRI) / ()
,
,
().
Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) / ()

(, , ,
.).
Conjugate /
, ,
.

14
Conjugated vaccine /
,
(carrier
proteins).
. Vaccines ().
Consumer profile / -
-
.
Contact case, syn. Contact / () (
); , ;
;
. Acquaintance network ( ,
).
Contagion /
, .
Contagious / ,
Contagious period, syn. Communicable period / ()
,

.
Contagiousness /

.
Containment / ;
Contamination / ;
Continuous temperature recorder /
.
Contraindications / ( )
,
.

(false contraindications).
Control group /
- ,
-
.
Control of diseases /
, .
Control of infections /
-

.
Convulsions, syn. Seizures /
. Seizures ().
Core / ; (, ) , ();

15
 .
Cost analysis /

, .
Cost-benefit analysis / - ;
-
. Cost-effectiveness analysis ( ).
Cost-effectiveness /

.
Cost-effectiveness analysis / ;

,
,
.
. Cost-benefit analysis (- ).
Countercurrent electrophoresis /
.
Counterimmunoelectrophoresis /
.
Country support process /
Course facilitator /
, ,

.
Coverage (rate) / (); ;

. Immunization coverage rate ( ).
Criteria of sensitivity of AFP surveillance /

, , 1.0
100 . 15 .
Cross-protection /
Crude mortality rate /
.
Cryovials / ,
.
.
Cytopathogenic nontypable agents (CPA) /
()

D
D-antigen unit / - ()
,
.
16
Data logger /
()
() (electronic data logger)
.
Data quality audit (DQA) / ()

,
.
Data Quality Self Assessment (DQS) / ()
,
.
Dead space /
, ,

().
Death rate, syn. Mortality rate /

.
Death-to-case ratio /
,
,
.
Decision making process /
Decontamination, syn. Disinfection / ;

..
. Waste processing ( ).
Deep-freezer /
Deep-frozen, syn. Lyophilized, freeze-dried /
Defangers, syn. Defanging devices for sharps removal /
,
.
. Needle removers ().
Defense mechanism / ;
.
Deficiency disease, syn. Deficiency syndrome / ,
-

, .
Defrosting /
Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DHS), syn. Delayed hypersensitivity /
()
,
.
. Immediate hypersensitivity ( ).

17
Demographic information /
Demographics, syn. Vital statistics /
Denominator /
Depyrogenized /
(, ),
,
.
Descriptive epidemiology /
,
.
Desensitization /
- ,
().
Detection (of case) / ()
Detection rate / () ;
Determinant /
, , ,
.
Developing Country Vaccine Manufacturers Network (DCVMN) /
(DCVMN)
Diagnostic kit / ; ;

. Test system (-).
Dial thermometer /
Digital thermometer / ()
Diluent /
, / .
Dilution / ,
Diphtheria /
Diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (toxoids) (DPT) vaccine, syn. Diphtheria and tetanus
toxoids and pertussis (DTP) vaccine / -
- ()
Diphtheria-tetanus (DT) vaccine / -
()
Diphtheria toxin /
Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
Diphtheria toxoid /
.
Diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP), syn. DPT with acellular
pertussis / -
(), . --

18
Diphtheria, tetanus, whole cell pertussis vaccine (DTwP), syn. DTP with whole-cell
pertussis / -
(), . --

Diploid cell /
Direct immunofluorescence test, syn. Direct immunofluorescent assay, direct
fluorescence immunoassay / (),
.
. Immunofluorescence technique ( ).
Direct transmission /

-
.
Disability / ; ;
Disability-adjusted life years (DALY) / DALYs ,


.
(life expectancy) ,
.
Discard / ; (); ;
()
Disease mapping /
.
Disease prevention /
,
(,
.).
Disease monitoring / ,
Disease surveillance /
. Surveillance ( ).
Disinfectants, syn. Sanitizers / , .
Disposal /
.
. Waste disposal (, ).
Disposable syringe/needle, syn. Single-use syringe/needle / /
. Standard disposable syringes ( ).
Dissemination / ;
.
Distribution /
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) / ( )
DNA hybridization / -
,

19
 (
).
DNA sequencing, syn. Gene sequencing /
. Gene sequencing ( ).
DNA virus / -
Door-to-door vaccination, syn. House-to-house vaccination /
,
Dorsal / ; ;
Dosage /
Dose /
Dotmap, syn. Dot map, dot density map /
/
.
Dot plot /
.
Double-blind study, syn. Double-blinded (double-masked or double-mask) study) /
, .


( -
).
Double immunodiffusion /
.
Droplet nuclei / ;
,

.
Droplet spread / -

, ,
.
Drop-out / ;
Drop-out rates, syn. Vaccination drop-out rates /
, .
Drug resistance / ;
();

Drug-resistant strain / , ;
-
Drug sensitivity /

E
Edible vaccines / , .
,
20
 .
Effective disease area / ;

,
.
Effectiveness / ,
Efficacy / ;
(
)
.
Efficacy of immunization /
,
.
Efficacy rate / ()

.
Efficiency / ;
(,
.).
Elective / ,

Electrophoresis /
.
Eligible / ;
; -
Eligible country, syn. GAVI eligible countries / ,
( )

Eligible target group / ,

Elimination (of disease) / ()

,


. Eradication of disease ( ).
Emergency immunization / ;

Emerging infections, syn. Emerging pathogens / ;

,
.
. Reemerging infections - .
Emulsifier, syn. Emulsifying agent /
- ,
.

21
Encephalitis /
(, ,
.).
Encephalopathy /
, .
Endemic /
,
.
Endemic area (country) / ()
Endemic disease /
, .
Endemicity / ( )
()
,
- .
Endgame /
Endotoxins /
,

.
. Toxins ().
Enhanced potency poliomyelitis vaccine (eIPV) /
(eIPV)
Enhanced surveillance /
Enteric fever /
Enterotoxins /
,
(, , , )
.
Enterovirus (EV) / (EV)
Environment /
Environmental sampling / /
Enzyme / ,
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) syn. Enzymoimmunoassay /
() ()
.
Epidemic /
Epidemic curve /

.
Epidemic disease /
, ()
.

22
Epidemic occurrence / ()
Epidemiologic(al) investigation / ;

.
Epidemiologic surveillance / ;
Epidemiological case definition /
; ,

Epidemiological ID /
. Unique identifier ( ).
Epitope /
. Antigenic determinant ( ).
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV/EBv) / - (EBV)
.
Equity / ;
, , ,

.
Equity in health services /

Eradication (of disease) / ; ()


.
. Elimination of disease ( ).
Error /
.
Escape mutant /
Estimation / ; ;
Etiology, syn. Aetiology /

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) /

(ECDC/)
European Immunization Week (EIW) / ()

.
European Regional Office (EURO), syn. Regional Office for Europe /
( )
European Technical Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (ETAGE) /

()
Evaluation /

23
Evaporator / ( )
Evaporator coil /
Every Child Counts! / !
, ,
.
Evidence / ;
Evidence based /
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) / () ,

Exanthematous disease / (); ,
( )
Exotoxins /
, ,
.
. Toxins ().
Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) /
()
(),
,
, , , ,
.
, .
Experimental study /
Expiration date (of vaccine) / ()
, () ().
Exposed population / , -

. Exposure ().
Exposure / ; ; ;

F
Facilitator / ,
. Course facilitator ( ).
Facility-based routine surveillance /

,
.
,
.
. Hospital-based infectious diseases surveillance (
).
Fact sheet / ;
Facultative anaerobe /
Failure / ,
24
False negative / -
False positive / -
Fatality / ;
Fatality rate /
, ,
. .
Febrile /
.
Fetal death (stillbirth) /

.
Fetal death rate /

, 1000.
Fetal death ratio /

.
Fever / ; ,
, .
Financial sustainability / ,
Financial Sustainability Plans (FSP) / ()
()
, ,
, ,


,
.
(Comprehensive Multi-Year Plan)
Finished product / ()
, , ,
.
Fixed centre immunization / ,
Fixed facility /
Fixed immunization /
. Outreach immunization services ( ).
Fixed post /
Flagship course on immunization /
Flask / , .
, .
Flocculation /

, - .

25
Fluctuation, syn. Fluid wave /
, .
Fluorescent antibodies /
.
Fluorescent antibody test / technique (FAT) /
()
Foaming agent /
Focal transmission (of infection) / ()

Focus (pl. foci) / ( )
(focus of
infection). , (focus of wild
poliovirus transmission).
Focus of infection /
. Effective disease area ( ), Focus (), Natural focus of
disease ( ).
Focus group / ; -
,
,
.
Focus group discussion / -
/ - .
Follow-up / ; ;

,
, , ,
, (,
).
. Clinical follow-up examination (
).
Follow-up study / ;
, ,
( ,
, )
, ,
, .
Follow-up visit / /
. Clinical follow-up examination ( ).
Fomites /
, ,
..
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) /
( ) (FDA)

.

26
For-profit providers /
,
.
Framework / , ,
Freeze-dried vaccine, syn. Lyophilized vaccine /
. Lyophilized vaccine ( ).
Freeze-drying, syn. Lyophilization /
.
Freezer /

( 15 25).
Freeze indicator (FreezeWatchTM) / ()
FreezeWatch
,
(), . 0C
, ,
.
Freeze Watch (STOP!WatchTM) refrigerator monitor / Freeze
Watch (STOP!WatchTM)

-
.
Freezing /
, / (inadvertent
freezing).
Freons, syn. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) / , . ,
()
,
.


(foaming agents).
Freunds adjuvant /
Frequency distribution / , .
. Distribution ().
Front-loaded investment / ; ,

,

,
. ,

.
Frontloading /

(IFFIm) ,

27

.
Fully immunized child (FIC) / ()
, ,
.
Fund-raising / ( )
,

, , ..
Funding /

G
Gamma globulin / -
. (immunoglobulins (Ig)).
Gasket /
, . .
Gel electrophoresis /
.
. Electrophoresis ().
Gene /
,
- ,
.
Gene sequencing, syn. DNA sequencing / ,
.
.
Gene-spliced vaccine / - ,
. Recombinant vaccines ( (-) ).
Generalized infection /
,
().
Genome /
, .
, .
Genomic sequencing / ()



Genotype /
,
.
Geometric mean / ()
,
, ,
.

28
 , () (geometric
mean titers (GMT)).
Germs, syn. Organisms, microorganisms, coll. bugs /
. Microorganisms ().
German measles, syn. Rubella /
. Rubella ().
Global Action Plan on Laboratory Containment of Wild Polioviruses /


Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety (GACVS) /
()
- ,
,
,
,
.
Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) /
()
,
, ,
.

, ,

.
.
- GAVI Added Value /
,

.

, :
;
;
;
.
- GAVI Alliance /
- GAVI Board /

- GAVI Fund / , (Vaccine Fund)

- GAVI Principles /
,
,
.
- GAVI Strategic Framework /

- GAVI Work Plan (GAVI WP) /
, ,
.

29
Global burden of disease / ()
,
.
. Burden of disease ( ).
Global Immunization Vision and Strategy (GIVS) /
()
10- (2006-2015 .),

.


.
Global network of laboratories /
GMP certificate / GMP
,

.
Goal /
. ,
2000 .
Good manufacturing practice for medicinal products (GMP) /
(GMP)
GMP
, .
Good practice / , ,

,

,
,
.
- Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) /
(GLP)
.
GLP ,

.
- Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) /
(GMP) ,
,
,
.
- Good Pharmacy Practice (GPP) /
() (GPP)
,
,
,
.
- Good Clinical Practice (GCP) /

30
 (GCP) ,
, , , ,
, ,
,

.
- Good Storage Practice (GSP) / (GSP)

,
,
, .
Gradient of infection /
:
.
Group-specific antigens /
.
Growth rate of population / ( ),


( ).
Guidelines / ; ; ()
Guidelines for the safe transport of infectious substances and diagnostic specimens /


Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS), syn. Guillain-Barr disease / -
(), . -(-)
.
Gut immunity /
.

H
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) as a cause of diseases /
b (Haemophilus influenzae b)
Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib)
.
,
.
Haemophilus influenza type b vaccine (Hib vaccine, Hib) / Hib
( b ) (Hib)
, Haemophilus
influenzae b .
Handling / ( ); (, )
. Vaccine handling ( ).
Hapten /
( 1 ) ,
,
.

31
 ,
( ).
H-antigen, syn. Flagellar antigen / H-, .
Hard-to-reach and remote areas /
/
Hard water /
Hard water pads /
Hazardous waste /
,
,


.
.
Health /
Health, syn. Public health / , .
, ,
.
. Public health ( ).
Health care / -

, ,
.
Health-care facility (HCF), syn. Health facility / -
(); ;
, , , , .
Healthcare waste (HCW), syn. Hospital waste, biomedical and health-care waste /

,
,
, , , ,
.
Health-care waste management (HCWM), syn. Medical waste management (MWM) /
,
(HCWM)
. Waste management ( ).
Health care worker (HCW) / ,
Health centre / - , ,
Health education /
.
, ,
, .
Health event / ,
, (,
,

32
 ).
Health indicator /
,
, .
Health infrastructure /
Health policy / ;


,
.
Health post / ,
Health resources /
, - .
Health services /
,
, ,
,
.
Health services research /
, ,
,
, , ,
.
Health status /
Health survey /

.
. Immunization coverage survey (
), Morbidity/mortality survey (
).
Heat stability (of vaccine) / ()
. Vaccine stability ( ).
Hemagglutination /
, ,

, ,
.
Hemagglutination inhibition test (HIT/HI test) /
()
, .
Hemolysins /
, .
Hepatitis A / , .

Hepatitis B (hep B / HB) / B

33
Hepatitis B e antigen (HbeAg) / e
(
) , B.
Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIg/HBIG) / B
()
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs/HBsAg) /
B, (HBs/HBsAg)
,
( , ).
Hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) / B (HepB/B)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) / B ()

,
B.
Hepatitis B (virus) core antigen (HBc, HbcAg, HBcor) /
() B (HbcAg)
Hepatitis C / C

Hepatitis D, syn. Delta hepatitis / D, . -

Hepatitis E / E

Herd immunity, syn. Population immunity, community immunity /

.
Heterologous hyperimmune serum /
Hib disease / b ; , Hib
5
.
, , .
Hib Initiative, The / Hib;
b


Hib
.
Hib Rapid Assessment Tool (Hib RAT) / - Hib-
(Hib RAT)
,
Hib-.
, Hib,

5 .
Hib vaccine / b

34
 . Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine ( Hib ( b
)).
High efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA filter) /
; (HEPA-
)

- ,
(, );
99,97%.
High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) mask /

- .
High-grade immunity /
High risk group /
High season of poliovirus transmission / ()

Highly-Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) /
(HIPC/)
Historical cohort study, syn. Historical prospective study /
; ()

(prospective study in retrospect) ,

.
Homogenous /
.
Homologous human hyperimmune globulins (HIG) /
(HIG)
, ,
, .
Homologous pooled human antibody / ,

IgG
A
.
Horizontal refrigerator / , ;

Hospital-based infectious diseases surveillance, syn. Hospital surveillance /

; , .

, ,
.
. Facility-based routine surveillance (
).

35
Hospital discharge abstract system /
;

(discharge summary)
.
Hospital waste(s), syn. Health-care waste / ,

(hospital waste disposal).

Host / ( , )
, ,

.
Hot case of AFP /
5 , ,
,
,
.
Hot spot /
() .
Household / ()
, , .. ,
, , , ..; ,
. .
Household interview survey /


.
Household sample survey / ()
, .
( ,
.
,
.
House-to-house vaccination, syn. Door-to-door vaccination /
. Door-to-door vaccination ( ).
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / ()
, -,
(). ,
, , .
Humoral immunity /
,
. .

.
Hypersensitivity /
.

36
Hypogammaglobulinemia /
- , .

I
Ice-lining refrigerator (ILR) / / (ILR)
Icepack, syn. Cold ice pack, icedog / ,
,
,
.
-
.

.Chilled icepack / c
,

Icepack freezer / ,

Identification /
, .
Idiotype /
, V-
.

,
.
IgM class antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti-Hbc) /
IgM B (IgM -Hbc)
4-6
B .
Immediate hypersensitivity /
,
.
. Delayed-type hypersensitivity ( ).
Immediate notification / () ;
( )
Immune /
.
Immune activity /
Immune complexes /
.
Immune globulins (Ig), syn. Immunoglobulins / (Ig)
. Immunoglobulins ().
Immune reactions /
.
Immune response /

37


. , (
) (full-blown immune response);
(adequate immune response);
(transient immune response).
Immune response suppression / ;

Immune sera /
, .
Immunity /

.
Immunization, syn. Vaccination /
,

( ) ( ).
Immunization campaign /

.
Immunization card, syn. Immunization record, vaccination card / ;

. Vaccination card ( ).
Immunization coverage /
Immunization coverage rate /
, .
Immunization coverage survey /

.
Immunization monitoring charts / ()
;

Immunization point (site, center), syn. Vaccinating center /

Immunization reaction, syn. Postvaccinal reaction /
. Adverse events following immunization (
).
Immunization room /
Immunization schedule /

. ,
(National Immunization Schedule).
Immunization services / ()

38
Immunization services support (ISS) /
(ISS)
,

,
.
Immunization session /

,
Immunization status /
Immunization waste disposal / ,

Immunobiologicals, syn. Immunotherapeutic agents /
, .

. ,
.
Immunocompetent /
,
, .
Immunocompetence /
.
Immunodeficiency /

.
Immunoelectrophoresis (IE) /
.
Immunofluorescence / Immunofluorescence technique /
. ()
Immunogen /
, .
Immunogenic activity /
Immunogenicity, syn. Immunogenic activity /
.
Immunoglobulins (Ig) / (Ig)
, .
-.
-
Immunologic reactions /
, .
Immunologic test /
.
Immunologic(al) tolerance, syn. Immunological unresponsiveness /

39
Immunological interference / (,
)
Immunologic(al) memory /

.
Immunomodulators /
,
.
Immunosuppression / ; () ,

, .
.
Immunotherapy /
,
.
Implementation / ,
Importation of virus / ,
Imported case / ()
Imported infections / , .
,
.
Inactivated vaccine, syn. Killed vaccine / , .

- Inactivated-bacteria vaccines (
)
.
- Inactivated-virus vaccines ( )
.
- Inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV) (
() ())
.
Inactivation / ;

.
Inapparant infection, syn. Asymptomatic infection / ;

.
Inborn (congenital or specific) immunity / (,
)

, , ,
.
Incidence /
,
.

40
Incidence rate /

,
, ( ).
Incineration /

,
,
. ,
.
Incinerator /
,
.
Incoming control /
, ,
.
Incubation / , ,
Incubation period /

.
In-depth interview /

.
Index of vaccine use /
Indications / ( )

Indicator /
, ( )
.
Indigenous case of poliomyelitis /
, ,
,
(35 ) ,
.
Indigenous wild poliovirus/
.
Indirect hemagglutination /

.
Indirect hemagglutination assay/test (IHA/IHT) /
()
.
Indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFT), syn. Indirect immunofluorescent
assay (IFA), indirect fluorescence immunoassay /
() (), .

41
 /, ,
())
. Immunofluorescence technique ( ).
Infant / ,
1 .
Infant mortality rate /

( )
.
Infection / ,

.
Infection control /

.
Infection source / ,
( )

Infectious diseases hospital/department / ,

Infectiousness /

Infectivity / ;
,
.
Inflammation /
, ,
, .
Inflammatory reaction /
.
. Inflammation ().
Influenza /
Information, education, communication (IEC) / ; ;
()

Injection equipment /
,
.
Injection (intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous) /
(, , , )
,
.
Injection safety /
,
, ,

42
 ,
, .
In-house reporting form /
Innate immunity /
. Inborn immunity ( ).
Inoculation / ,

Inputs / ;
,
.
, , -,
.
In-service training /
Institutional / ; ,

Institutional arrangements /
Insulation / ; ,
(, ..)
Integrated disease surveillance (IDS) /

Interaction /
Inter-agency Coordinating Committee (ICC) /
()
, ,
. ,

.
Interferons (IFN) / ()
. , ,
,
( .).
Intermediate product /
, ,
, .
Intermediate vaccine store /


.
International Drug Purchase Facility (UNITAID/IDPF-UNITAID) /
(UNITAID)
(UNITAID) .
/,
.
International Finance Facility for Immunization (IFFIm/IFFim) /
(IFFIm/IFFim)

43

,

.

()
1000 . .
International Health Regulations (IHR) / -
()
International Nonproprietary Name (INN) /
()
, .
International Units (IU) / ()
.
Interpersonal communication /
Intersectorial approach / ()
Intestinal mucosa /
.
Intervention, syn. Procedure / ;
interventions, ,
.
Interview / c
Interviewer /
Intradermal (intracutaneous) test /
Intracellular pathogens /
Intramuscular injection (IM/im/i.m. injection) / (/
)
Intratypic differentiation (ITD) / ()
Invasiveness /
,
. (invasive
diseases) .
Investment case / ;

Investment case framework /

Investment case guidelines / ()

,

.
Isolate / ()
, -

44
 .
Isolation / ;
1.
, .
2. :
.

J
Japanese Encephalitis (JE) / ()

Jet injector, syn. Needle-free injector /

,
- .
Joint Reporting Form (JRF) / / (JRF)

K
Keep up vaccination / ;

Kerosene /
Killer cells, syn. K cells / -; -
. .
Killed vaccine /
. Inactivated vaccine ( ).
Killing disease / -
,
.

L
Laboratory confirmation / (
, )
Laboratory containment /

() (
).
Laboratory data management system (LDMS) /
()

,
, .
Laboratory inventory / ;
. National laboratory inventory ( ).
Laboratory quality assurance (LQA) /
()

45
 ,
.
Laboratory quality control standard /

Laboratory safety /

.
Laboratory surveillance /
,
.
Laminar flow hoods (LFH) / ( ) (),
(), .
(
) , ,

Landfilling, syn. Landfill / ; (-
)
. Sanitary landfill ( ).
Laryngeal swab /
,
(
); .
. Throat swab ( )
Latent immunization /

.
Latent infection / , .
(
, ).
Latent period (latency) /

.
Latex agglutination test / ;
-
.
Lead time /

. , (average lead time).
Lessons learnt / ; ()
Leukocyte antigen /
Lifelong immunity / ;
Light microscope /
Lineage / ()
- (cell line (strain)), . (cell

46
 lineage).
- (genetic lineage).
Line-listing (of reported cases) /
. Case-based data ( ).
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) / ()
.
Liquid-crystal thermometer / ;
-
Liquid phase immunoassay /
.
. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ()
)
List of infectious and potentially infectious materials /

Live attenuated virus vaccines /
Live-bacteria vaccines /
, .
Live birth /
,
,
, ,
, ,
.
Live-virus vaccines /
, .
Local production of vaccines /
Loose stool / ()
Logistics / -
, ,
, ,
.
Long-term / ; ;
Lot / ; ()
.
. Batch (or lot) ( ()).
Lot quality assurance survey (LQAS) /
(LQAS)

.
Lot quality technique (LQT) / (LQT)
.
Lot-to-lot precision /

Low fever, syn. Low-grade fever / ;

47

, + 38C.
Low income countries / ( )
Low income countries under stress (LICUS) / ,
(LICUS)
,
(LICUS), ,
.
Low season of poliovirus transmission /
Lymph nodes /
Lymphadenopathy /
.
Lymphocytes /
,
,

.
Lymphokines /
.
Lyophilized vaccine, syn. Freeze-dried vaccine /
,
.

M
Macrophages /
,

(antigen presenting cells).
Mainstreaming /

Maintenance / ; ; ;

Maintenance of immunity /
Management / ( , )
Management of patients /
Management system /
Manual / ;
March of Dimes /
,

- . -, . -.
Market /
Market research /

48
Market segment /
.
Marketing /
,
, . .
Marketing mix /
.
Marketing plan /
Marrow, syn. Bone marrow /
Mass media / ()
, , . .
Mass screening /
Master seed strain /
,

.
Matching / ; , ;
;
, ,
.
:
- caliper matching /
- frequency matching /
- category matching /
- individual matching /
- pair matching /
Maternal and neonatal tetanus (MNT) /
()
,
.
Maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination (MNTE) /
()

1 1000
.
Maternal antibodies /
,
.
Maternal mortality /
,
.
Maternal tetanus /
Maturation of lymphocytes /

.

49
Measles /
.
Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine / ,
()
Measles vaccine / ;
. Measles, mumps and rubella vaccine ( --
).
Measles Vaccination Days (MVD) / ()
Measure / ;
Measurement /
MECACAR Operation /

- ,
( , ,
, ; ).

: C,
.
Media plan / ()
-
.
Median tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) /
(TCID50)
. , 50%
.
Medical institution (MI) / ()
Medium term expenditure framework (MTEF) /
()
, .
Membrane antigen / ;
.
Meningitis /
.
Meningococcal conjugate vaccine /
Meningococcal meningitis /
.
Meningococcal polysaccharides vaccine /

Meningoencephalitis /
.
Meningitis Vaccine Project, The (MVP) /
()
, 2001 .

50
 ,
,
(sub-Saharan Africa).
Microbial resistance / ();

.
Microcell culture /
Microorganisms, syn. Organisms, germs, coll. bugs /
Microwaving, syn. Microwave irradiation / , .
.
- .
. Radio frequency irradiation ( /
).
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) /
()

.
Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) /
() ()
,
.
Ministry of Health (MOH) / (/)
Missed opportunity / ( )
, , .
Missed opportunity survey /

Mitogens /
,
.
Mobile strategy /

Mobile vaccination team /

Molecular hybridization (MH) / ()
- .
Monitoring / ; ,
,

.
Monitor mark indicator, syn. Cold chain monitor card, vaccine cold chain monitor card /
- ()
,

.
Monoclonal antibodies /
,

51
 .
Monodose / ; ; ( )
Monovalent diphtheria toxoid (D) /
()
Monovalent vaccine /
, ()
.
Mopping-up vaccination, syn. Mop-up /

.
Mop-up strategies / ()
Morbidity /
Morbidity rate /
. Incidence rate ( ).
Morbidity/mortality survey /
Mortality /
Mortality rate /
Mucous membranes /
.
Muffle furnace /
Multidisciplinary /
, .
Multidose needle-free injector /
Multidose vial, syn. Multiple-dose vial, multidose container /
Multidose vial policy (MDVP) /
()
Multiple sclerosis (MS) / ()
Multi-Year Plan for Immunization (MYP) /
()
,
.
() (comprehensive multi-year plan (cMYP)).
Multiantigen mass campaign /

Mumps, syn. Parotitis / , .

.
Mumps vaccine /
. Measles, mumps and rubella vaccine ( ,
).
Mutant /
,

52
 .
Mutation /
,
.
- point mutation / ,
;
- mutation rate / , ,
;
- mutation rate / ,
; ,
.
Mycobacterium (pl. mycobacteria) /

N
National cold room / ()
National Immunization Days (NIDs) / ()
,
( ).
National Immunization Programme (NIP) /
()
National Immunization Schedule /
National Laboratory Inventory /
National regulatory authorities (NRA) /
()
,
,

.
Natural focus of disease /
Natural immunity /

.
. Inborn immunity ( ), innate immunity
( ).
Natural killers, syn. Natural killer (NK) cells / (), .
- (, NK-)
-, -
.
Natural resistance / ( );


.

53
Needle /
Needle cutter / ;
Needle (and syringe) destroyers / ( )
Needle removers (mechanical), syn. Needle pullers / (),
.
. Defangers ().
Needle-stick injuries, syn. Needle sticks /
Neonatal infections /
Neonatal mortality rate / ;

28 .
Neonatal tetanus (NNT/NT) / ()
.
Neutralizing antibodies /
Neutralization test (NT) / ()
New and underused / underutilized vaccines /

New case / (, )
New polio vaccines for the post-vaccination era /

Newborn /
Newly Independent States (NIS) / ()
.
. Community of Independent States (
).
Non-governmental organization (NGO) /
() ()
().

Non-polio AFP / ,
Non-polio AFP rate / ;

Non-polio enterovirus (NPEV) / ()
Non-responder / ,
Non-typable enterovirus (NTEV) / ()
Nosocomial infection, syn. Hospital infection / (,
)
, ( )
.
Notifiable disease / ,
, , ,

54
 .
.
Notification (mandatory, immediate) / (, )
/ .
Nucleic acid hybridization /
,
( )
Nucleic acid sequence database /
,
.
Nucleoside analogue /

O
O antigen / -,
Objective /

Observation /
Observation period /
Occupational disease /
Off-site facility / ,

,
.
. On-site facility (,
).
On-site facility / ,

,
.
. Off-site facility (, ).
Oncogenicity /
.
Open dump /
. Landfilling ( ).
Open-vial policy /
Operational /
Operational research /
/
, ,
.
Opportunistic infection /
, , ,
, ,
. - .
55
Opsonins /
,
, .
Oral / ;
, .
Oral polio(myelitis) vaccine (OPV), syn. Oral poliovaccine / ()
() ()
.
Outbreak /
()
.
Outbreak control, syn. Outbreak response / ;

Outbreak of infection / ; (
)

Outbreak investigation /


, .
Outcomes / ;
Out-of-cold chain strategy (policy) (OCC strategy or policy) / ()
()
,
- .
Out-patient clinic / ;
Output / , ; ; ()
Outreach immunization /
, ,
.
Overcrowding / ;

Overdiagnosing /

Overdose, syn. Overdosage /

Overestimation / -
Over-medicalization, syn. Overmedicalization (of care or services) /

,
, .
. Overtreatment (, ).
Overtreatment / ;

56
 ; ()
.
. Over-medicalization (
).
Ovular albumin / *
.
Ownership /

P
Package / ; ; ;

Paired serology /
Pandemic /
,
, .
Pandemic influenza vaccine / ;

Pandemic-specific vaccine / ;

Panencephalitis /
, ,
.
Paralytic poliomyelitis /
Parenteral /
- (, ,
) , .
Parotitis, syn. Mumps /
. Mumps ( ).
Passage / , .

Passive hemagglutination test / ()

Passive immunity, syn. Natural passive immunity, immediate passive immunity /

,
,
( ) (
, ,
).
Passive immunization /
,
(, )
.
Pathogen / ;

57
Pathogenesis /
, .
Pathogenesis of immunity /
.
Pattern / ; ; ;
Pentavalent vaccine / ;
, (, ,
, B Hib).
Performance indicators /
, ,
.
Performance of the AFP surveillance system /

Performance, quality and safety (PQS) criteria / PQS
( (,
) )
Perinatal mortality /
28- 7-
.
Perinatal mortality rate /
28-
7- 1000
( 1000 + ).
Periodicity / ( )
(
, ).
. Seasonal occurrence ().
Persistence of antigens /
Pertussis, syn. Whopping cough /
.
Pertussis vaccine /
Phenotype /
,
.
pH-meter / pH
/ .
Pilot investigation, syn. Pilot study /

.
Pilot project / (, )
Pipeline / , ; ,

in the pipeline ( , ,
) ,

58
 .
Pipeline stock /
(logistics / distribution channels), ,
(in-transit inventory), (distribution inventory)
.
Placebo /
,
, ,
,
.
Plastic foam /
.
Plate, syn. Petri dish / , . ;
Pneumococcal Accelerated Development and Introduction Plan (PneumoADIP) /

(PneumoADIP)
PneumoADIP,

.
Pneumonia /
Policy setting /
, .
Polio case investigation /
Polio compatible case / , (
)
Polio Eradication Programme /
Polio free status / (, ),

Polio specimen collection kit /

Poliomyelitis, syn. Polio /
.
Poliovaccine / ;
Political commitment / ;
. Commitment (, ).
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) / ()
. in vitro
Polysaccharides /
.
Poor immune (serologic) response / (,
)
. Immune response ( ).
Pop-open ampoule / ()

59
Population / ;
-
Population access / ()
Population immunity, syn. Herd immunity, community immunity /

. Herd immunity ( ).
Portable /
Post-exposure immunoprophylaxis / ,

( ).
Postimmunization syndrome /
()
.
Postmarketing surveillance /

,

.
Post-pandemic seasonal fluvaccine /

Postvaccinal complications / ()
. Adverse reaction ( ).
Potency (of vaccine) /
.
Poverty Reduction Strategy / ()
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) /
()
Precipitation reaction /
Precipitins /
, ,
.
Pre-filled, single-dose, non-reusable devices /
/ -
Pre-filled syringe (PFS) / (PFS)
Pregnant woman /
Preparation /
Prequalification / ()

Preservative (agent) / ;
, ,
.
Prevalence /

60
 /
- ()
.
Prevalence rate, syn. Proportion prevalence /
, ( ,
) ,

.
Prevention / ;
-, -
,
() .
-
Preventive intervention /
Primary cells /
Primary dose /
, .
Primary health care (PHC) / - ()
Primary inoculation / ; ;

Primary vaccine store /
,
.
Priming/
.
, , ,


Priority setting /

.
Private sector /

.
Probability /
Probability sample, syn. Random sample / , .

Probiotics /
,

.
Procurement, syn. Physical supply / ; ;
- ,
, .
. Purchasing ().

61
Product certificate /
, ,
,
.
Product Information Sheets (PIS) /
(PIS),
Product lot /
,
.
. Batch (or lot) ( ()).
Product reactogenicity /
() -
.
Product sample /
, .
Product specification file(s) /
, ,
, , ,
.
Proficiency / ; ;
Proficiency testing /

Proficiency testing panels / ( )
()
Profile / ; ; ;

.
-
(country profile)
(AEFI profile of vaccine).
Program for Appropriate Technologies in Health (PATH) /
()
Programmatic / ,
,
.
programmatically/programmatic:
programmatically ,
/
;
critical programmatic information ,
;
programmatic action () ,
;
programmatic error ;
programmatic intervention gaps
.

62
Programme review /
,
, .
Propagator / ,
.
Prophylaxis /
. Prevention ().
Proportion / ; ;
Prospective (cohort) study / ()
. Cohort study ( ).
Protected at birth (PAB), syn. Protection at birth status /
()
Protective antigens /
,
.
Protective level of antibodies /
, ,
.
Protocol / (, )
, , .
Public / /
Public affairs /
,
.
Public health /
. Health ().
Public relations /
,
,
.
Public health sector /
,
- ,
.
Publicity / ,

Pulse campaign, syn. Pulse immunization / ,

Puncture/piercing proof container, syn. Safety box, safety container, safe disposal box,
sharps container /


(, ).
. Safety box ( ), Sharps container (

63
 ).
Purchasing, syn. Purchase, procurement / ;
, , ,
.
, , ,
(vendor analysis), (shipment
tracking). . Procurement ().
Pure transformer regulator /
Purified /
Purified protein derivative (PPD) / ()
(PPD)
,
.
, ..,
: PPD-.
Pyrogens /
,
.

Q
Qualitative immunoassay /
.
Qualitative research /
,
.
Quality-adjusted life years (QALY) / QALY; ,

() (life
expectancy), ,
, ,
/
, ..
. Disability-adjusted life years (DALY).
Quality assessment /
Quality assurance /
,
, , , ,
..
Quality assurance system /
, .
Quality control (QC), syn. Internal quality assurance / (QC), .
.
Quality control system /
.
Quality of (health) care /

64
 ,
, ,
.
Quantitative immunoassay /
, ,

Quantitative research /

.
Quarantine /
() -, -
- ,

() ()
() .
Questionnaire / ;
Quincke edema /
.

R
Rabies /
Rabies vaccine /
,
.
Radio frequency irradiation / , .


.
. Microwaving ( ).
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) / , . ,
()
.
Random / ;
Random number /
, ( ).
Random number table / :
0 9, ,
;
.
Random sample /
. Sample ().
Random sampling /
Randomization, syn. Random allocation /
,
.

65
 (haphazard assignment).
Randomized controlled trial (RCT) /
()
, (
)
.
Range / ; ;
Rapid assessment / ; -
Rapid assessment tool (RAT) / - ()
Rapid slide test /
.
Rate / ;
, ,

.
Rate ratio (RR) / (RR)
:
, (exposed
population), , (non-
exposed population).
. Relative risk ( ).
Ratio / ;
Reaching Every District (RED) / ()
,
.
Reactogenecity (of vaccines) / ()
Reagents / ;
,
.
Reasoning examination / -
Receptor / ;
Recombinant protective antigen anthrax vaccine (rPA), syn. Recombinant PA vaccine,
rPA vaccine /
(rPA)
.
Recombinant technology /
-
.
Recombinant DNA technology, syn. Genetic engineering /
, .
Recombinant vaccines /
(-) .
Reconstituted vaccine / ,
/

66
Reconstitution / () /

Reconstitution process / ()
Reconstitution syringe /
Record / ; ;
Recording form /
Recording system /
Recording thermometer / ;
Recycling / ;
Reference stocks of product samples / ()

, ,

.
Reference group / ( )
Reference laboratory / -;
Reference population /
Refrigeration copper tube /
Refrigeration gauge / ()
Refrigerator, syn. Fridge /
Region / ,
Regional level /
Register / ;
Regulation of vaccines, syn. Vaccine regulations / -

Reinfection / ()
,
, .
Relative number /
Relative risk (RR) / ()

(odds ratio)
(forces of morbidity) .
Reliability / ;
Remission /
, ()
.
Repeatability / ; (
)
Report / ;

67
Reporting /
Reporting completeness /

.
Reporting of notifiable diseases / ( ) ,

Reporting system /

(recording and reporting forms),
.
Reporting timeliness /
,
, ,
.
Representative data /
Representative sampling /
Reproducibility /
Research Institute (RI) / - ()
Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology (RIEM) / -
()
Residual waste /
( ),
.
Resistance / ;
Resource for Child Health (REACH) / REACH (
)
.
Resource person/

Resources / ;
, ,
.
Respiratory infections /
Response / /
Response rate / ()
,
() , .
Reusable syringe /
Revaccination /

, .
Reverse cold chain /

68

c
.
. Reverse warm chain ( ).
Reverse warm chain /

.
. Reverse cold chain ( ).
Revolving credit /
.
Revolving fund / ( )
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) / ()
Risk /
.
. Probability ().
Risk factors /
, , ,

.
RNA-containing virus / -
Rotavirus Vaccine Accelerated Development and Introduction Plan
(Rota(virus)ADIP) /
(Rota(virus)ADIP)
Rotavirus Vaccine Program (RVP) /
()
Routine infant immunization /
Routine immunization (activities) /

.
. Universal childhood immunization ( ).
Routine reporting / ()
(, , ) .
Routine surveillance / ()
Rubella, syn. German measles /
Rubella vaccine /

S
Sabin vaccine /
. Oral poliomyelitis vaccine ( ).
Safe Injection Global Network (SIGN) /
()
,

. ,

69
 , ,

-
.
Safe injection practice (SIP) / ()
Safety box, syn. Safety container, safe disposal box, sharps container, puncture/piercing
proof container /
()

; ,

.
Salk vaccine /
. (inactivated poliomyelitis
vaccine).
Sample / ;
Sample size / , .
, .
Sampler /
Sampling / ;
/
.
Sampling fraction /
Sanitary landfill / ;

. Landfilling ( ).
Scar /
Scarlet fever /
Schick test, syn. Schick control /
.
Screening /

.
Seal / ;
Seasonal occurrence, syn. Seasonal patterns, seasonality /
()
, .
. Periodicity ( ( )).
Seasonal variation / ;

Secondary immunodeficiency /
, () .
Sector wide approach (SWAp/SWAP) / ()
()

70
Sediment /
Seed virus /
,
.
Seizures, syn. Convulsions /
Selection of suppliers /
,

.
Senior officer / ()
Sensibility / ;

( ).
Sensitization, syn. Sensibilization / ;
Sensitivity / ; ;
.
.
. Susceptibility ( ( )).
Sentinel sites /
Sentinel surveillance / ; -

.
Sepsis /
Septum of a multidose vial /

Sequela (pl. sequelae) / ;
Seroconversion /

.
Seroconversion rate / ;
( ).
Serodiagnosis /
.
Seroepidemiology /
,
.
Serologic response / ;
Serologic status, syn. Serostatus /
Serological investigation / ;
Serological monitoring /
Serological surveillance, syn. Serosurveillance /

71


.
Serologic(al) survey, syn. Serosurvey /
, , .
Serological test / /
Serology /
Seronegative /
Seropositive / ;
Seroprevention, syn. Seroprophylaxis /

.
Serotype /
,
.
Serotype specific antisera /
, .
Serotyping / C
Serum immunoglobulins /
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) /
(), .
Sex distribution /
Shake test /
Sharps / , , .

Sharps container, syn. Safety box, safety container, safe disposal box, puncture/piercing
proof container /

. Safety box ( ).
Shortfall / ;
Short-term professional /
Side effect (of vaccine) /
.
Silent areas/territories / ,
, ,
, , .
Single-dose vial /
Single-handed scoop technique /
Single (double or triple) rack steam sterilizer /
( )
Single radial diffusion (technique) / ,

72
 .
Single-use syringe /
. Disposable syringe ( ).
Skin test, syn. Tuberculin test, Mantoux test / ,
.
. Tuberculin skin test ( ).
Smallpox, syn. Variola /

1980 .
Smallpox vaccine /
Smear /
,
( ).
Social marketing /

.
Social mobilization /

Software / ;
Soluble antigens /
Spacing of vaccine, syn. Vaccine spacing /

Special studies /
Specific /
Specific antibodies /
.
Specific immunity /
,
.
Specification /
, .
Specificity /
Specimen / ;
Specimen-based data / ()
Specimen carrier /
. Vaccine carrier (, -
).
Specimen processing /

, ,
, .
Split ratio /
. ,

73
 ,
.

Spot map /
,
/ .
Spread(ing) of disease, syn. Propagation of disease /
Stability of vaccines /

.
Stable population /
Staff, syn. Personnel / ;
Stakeholder /
Standard case definition / ()
. Case definition ( ).
Standard disposable syringes, syn. Conventional disposable syringes /

. Disposable syringe/needle ( /).
Standard operating procedure (SOP) /
()
,
,
.
Standardized incidence rate /
Standardization /
Stand-by generator, syn. Back-up generator /
() .
Starting materials /
State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance (SSES/SanEpi) /
- ( /)
Statistical power /
.
Steam autoclaving / /
. Autoclave ().
Steam sterilizer /
Sterilizables /
Sterilization /

.
heat sterilization /
;
steam sterilization /
();

74
 radiation sterilization /

;
steam in place (SIP)
;
ultraviolet irradiation /
thermal sterilization / ;
terminal sterilization / () ,
;
chemical sterilization /
;

Sterilizer /
Sterilizer drum / ;
Stock / ;
Stock-out of vaccine, syn. Shortage of vaccine / ;

Stockpile / ()

. Buffer stock
Stockpiling /
Stool surveys /
Storage /
Store /
Store keeper /
Strain /
Stratification /

.
Stratum / ; ;
Structured observation /
Study / ;
Study design / ;
, ,
, ..
Study population /
Study size / ()
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis /
Subcutaneous administration / ()
Subnational Immunization Days (SNID/Sub-NID) / -
(/-)
Substance /
.

75
Sudden infant death syndrome (SID/SIDS) /
()
Sugar glass technology, syn. Sugar glassification /
-
.
. Sugar-glassified vaccines (-).
Sugar-glassified vaccines, syn. Sugar-glass stabilized vaccines / -,


,
. ,
, (vaccine wastage)
. - .
. Sugar glass technology ( ).
Summary / ;
Supervisor / ;
Supervision, / ;
Supervisory (site) visit / () ()

Supplemental Immunization Activities (SIAs), syn. Supplementary immunization /

()
Supportive supervision / - /
( ),
-

Suppression /
Suppressor cells (Ts), syn. T suppressor cells / -, . T-
, -, -

Surface antigens /
Surveillance / ,
,

/ .
Surveillance for AFP /
Surveillance report /
Surveillance sensitivity /
Survey /
Susceptibility / ( )
Suspected case / , (- )
Sustainability / ;
Sustainable programme / ()

76
Swabbing of vial tops or ampoules (with an antiseptic) /

Syringe /
Systemic /
System-wide barriers (SWB) / ()

T
Tally sheet / ( )
.
T-antigens / -
Target age group /
Target audience /
, -
.
Target cells / -
Target diseases / ()
, .
Target population /
,
(, ..).
T-cells, syn. Thymus-derived lymphocytes / -
.
. Suppressor cells (-), Lymphocytes ().
Temperature data logger (Tiny TTMTM) /
(Tiny TTMTM)

-.
Temperature recording sheet /
Temporary contraindication /
Test system / -, -
. Diagnostic kit ( ).
Tetanus /
. Neonatal tetanus ( ), Maternal and neonatal
tetanus ( ).
Tetanus-diphtheria toxoid with reduced amount of diphtheria toxoid (Td) /
-
(-)
Tetanus immunoglobulin, syn. Tetanus immune globulin /

Tetanus toxoid (TT) / ()
Tetravalent /

77
 , .
T-helpers / -
.
. Lymphocytes ().
Thermal shock /
,
, .
Thermo-recorder, syn. Thermographic recorder /
.
Thermostat /
Thiomersal, syn. Ethyl mercury / , .
.
Throat swab, syn. Specimen from the pharynx /
Tick-born encephalitis (TBE) / ()
.
(hard ticks or ixodis).
.
Tickler files /
Time, steam, temperature (TST) spot verification indicator, syn. Time, steam, and
temperature indicators / ,
(-)
,
.
Tissue culture /
Tissue culture vaccine /
, .
Tissue specimen /
Titration of antibodies /
Tool / ;
Toxic shock syndrome /
,
/ .
Toxigenecity /
.
Toxin / ()
,
.
. Exotoxin (), Endotoxin ().
Toxoid /
,
( ).
Trainee, syn. Intern / ; ;

78
Trainer /
Transfer factor /
Transmission /Transmission of infection /
Travel authorization (TA) /
Travelers immunization /
Treatment / ; ()/
Treatment with heat /
Trend /
Trigger / ()
True positive /
True value /
Tube, syn. Test tube /
Tube agglutination test /
Tuberculin /
Tuberculin hypersensitivity /
Tuberculin skin test (TST), syn. Tuberculin test, Mantoux test /
( ),
Tuberculin unit (TU) / ()
Tuberculosis (TB) / ()
Two-hand recapping /

Type /
Typhoid fever /
Typhoid vaccine /
Typing /
.

U
Ultracentrifugation /
Underdiagnosed / ;
Under-diagnosis /
Underestimation /
Underreporting /
Under-used vaccine /
,
,
.
Unique identifier /

79
 . Epidemiological ID ().
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) /
,
()
.
United Nations International Children Emergency Fund or United Nations
Childrens Fund (UNICEF) /
()
.
United States Agency for International Development (USAID) /
( )
Uni-jectTM, syn. UnijectTM / Uni-jectTM,
Uni-jectTM

.
Universal Childhood Immunization /
Universal infant vaccination /
Updated / ; ;
Upper limit / ,
Urticaria /
, .
User fees / ( )

Utilization factor (UF) / ()

, ,

.
1.0. .

V
Vaccination /
. Immunization ().
Vaccination card, syn. Immunization card, immunization record / ;

. Immunization card ( ).
Vaccination certificate / (),

. Vaccination card ( ).
Vaccination history /
Vaccination record / /
Vaccination schedule, syn Immunizatin schedule / ()

Vaccinator, syn. Vaccinationist, vaccine provider /
80
Vaccine /
:
anti-idiotype vaccine / ,
;
associated vaccine / ()
;
attenuated vaccine / ,
;
protein vaccine / ,
(,
.);
engineered vaccine / - ,
;
DNA vaccines / - ,
;
live vaccine / ,
;
combined vaccine / () ,
2- (-,
, .);
conjugate vaccine / ,
,
( , Hib-
.);
monovalent vaccine / ,
;
mucosal vaccine /
( .);
polysaccharide vaccine /
(,
A C .);
multivalent/polyvalent vaccine /
;
recombinant vaccine / ,
( );
ribosomal vaccine / ,
,
, ;
synthetic vaccine /
;
subunit vaccines / ,
(, .);
killed vaccine / ,
(, -)
(, , ) ;
.
Vaccine administration, syn. Administration of vaccine /
Vaccine arrival report (VAR) / ()
Vaccine-associated / ( )
Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) /

81
 ()
,
4-30 , 4-75
, .
Vaccine carrier / ; -
.
Vaccine cold chain monitor card (CCM), syn. Cold chain monitor card, Monitor mark
indicator / - ()
. Cold chain monitor card ( -).
Vaccine composition /
. Vaccine formulation ( ).
Vaccine coverage /
Vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) / ,
()
Vaccine efficacy, syn. Protective efficacy (PE) / ;

Vaccine formulation, syn. Vaccine composition /
Vaccine Fund, The (VF/TVF) / ()
,
GAVI Fund/ .
Vaccine Fund Trust Account at UNICEF (sometimes referred to as UNICEF Trust
Account) (VFTA or TA) /
( )
Vaccine handling /
, .
Vaccine-induced immunity /
Vaccine management / /

Vaccine quality control /
Vaccine prequalification /
. Prequalification ().
Vaccine presentation /
( ,
.).
Vaccine preservation /
Vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs), syn. Vaccine preventable infections (VPIs) /
; ,

Vaccine reactogenecity /
Vaccine requirements /
,
.

82
Vaccine safety /
Vaccine safety crisis management /

Vaccine security /
Vaccine shake test, syn. Shake test / ,
.
Vaccine stability, syn. Vaccine thermostability /
Vaccine stock-out rate /
. Stock-outs of vaccines (/ ).
Vaccine store management / ;

Vaccine trials /
Vaccine vial monitor (VVM) / ()
,
.
Vaccine wastage sentinel monitoring /
Vaccine wastage factors / ,
Vaccine wastage rate, syn. Vaccine waste rate /
Vacuum-sealed ampoule /
Valency, syn. Valence /
()
() .
Valid / ; ;
Validation / ;
Validity /
, ,
.
Value / , ; ; ( )
Valve /
Variability / ;
.
Variable antigenic determinants /
Varicella /
. Zoster ( ).
Varicella vaccine /
Varicella zoster, syn. Zoster /
. Zoster ( ).
Varicella-zoster immunoglobulin (VZIG) /
- (VZIG)
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) / ()

83
Vector / ( )
Verification /
Vero cells / Vero
,
.
Vial / ;
Vial presentation /
Viral immunity /
Viral neutralization test (NT) / ()
.
Virologic findings /
Virulence /
; .
Virulence factor /
Virus (pl. viruses or viridae) /
Virus-induced response /
Virus replication / ()
Vishnevskaya-Rostropovich Foundation (VRF) / -
()
- - ,

.
Vital statistics, syn. Demographics /
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) / A ()
Vulnerable / ;
Vulnerable population, syn. Vulnerable group / ;

/ ,
, , ,
,
, .

W
Walk-in cold room / ()
.
Waning immunity /
Wastage /
Wastage rate for each antigen /
. Vaccine wastage rate ( ).
Waste /

84
 . Healthcare waste ( ).
Waste disposal / , .
Waste management /
( ),
,
, , , .
Waste processing /

.
Weighted average /
Well-child visit (WCV) / (),

WHO Regional Office for Europe (WHO/EURO) /
( )
. European Regional Office ( ).
WHO Surveillance Software /

Whopping cough, syn. Pertussis /

. Pertussis ().
Wild poliovirus (WPV), syn. Wild virus of polio / ()
World Health Assembly (WHA) / ()
.
World Health Organization (WHO) /
()
.

X
X-ray diagnosis /
X-ray confirmed pneumonia/

Y
Yellow Fever (YF) /
Yellow fever vaccine /

Z
Zero reporting /
.
Zero reporting policy /
Zoonoses, syn. Zoonotic diseases / ;
,
.
Zoster /

85
 1

AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics) ( )

Ab (antibody) ()
ACIP (Advisory Committee on (
Immunization Practices), CDC, US ), CDC,
AD syringe/ADS (auto-disable syringe), - ( )
syn. Autodestruct syringe
ADC (accelerated disease control), e.g. ADC ( ), .,
ADC Initiatives; also: ADC-funded ADC (
(funded for accelerated disease control) )
ADE (adverse drug events/experience) ( )
ADIPs (Accelerated Development and (
Introduction Plans), GAVI ),
ADR (adverse drug reaction) (
)
ADT (accelerated degradation test) ADT ( )
AEFI (adverse events following (
immunization) )
AFP (acute flaccid paralysis) ( )
N.B.:


AFRO (WHO Regional Office for (
Africa) ) www.whoafr.org
Ag (antigen) ()
AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency (
syndrome) )
AIEC (advocacy and information, (, , ,
education and communication), see also ), .
IEC
AIM (Advanced Immunization AIM
Management) ( )
http://aim-e-learning.stanford.edu/
ALL (acute lymphatic leukemia) ( ,
)
AMCs (Advanced Market AMCs (
Commitments)
)
AMRO (WHO Regional Office for the (
Americas) )
http://www.who.int/hac/network/who/ro_paho/en/ind

86
 ex.html
anti-Hbc (antibody to hepatitis B core -Hbc (
antigen) B)
anti-Hbs (antibody to HBsAg) -Hbs (
B)
aP (acellular pertussis) ( ())
ARC (AIDS-related complex) ARC (- )
ARI (acute respiratory infection) ( )
ATT (Access to Technologies), WHO ATT ( ), :
,
AVI (Accelerated Vaccine Introduction) ( )
BASICS (Basic Support for (
Institutionalizing Child Survival), e.g. ), .
BASICS II II
BCG (bacillus Calmette-Gurin) ( -,
vaccine
, )
BMBL (Biosafety in Microbiological BMBL (
and Biomedical Laboratories) - )
BSA (bovine serum albumin) ( )
BSC I,II or III (biosafety cabinets class BSC I,II III ( ,
I,II or III) I, II
III)
BSL (biosafety level), e.g. BSL-2 BSL ( /
laboratories ), .,
BSL-2
BW (birth weight) BW ( )
CAH (Child and Adolescent Health and CAH ( ),
Development), WHO
CAI (community-acquired infection) CAI ( )
CAR (Central Asian Republics) (- )
CAT (common assessment tool) for ( )
immunization services
CBAW (child-bearing aged women ), ( )
syn. WCBA (women of childbearing
age)
CBOs (community-based organizations) ( )
CCCCM (Collaborative Centre on Cold CCCCM ( ()
Chain Management) )
CCEE (countries of central and eastern (
Europe), see also: CEE ), .
CCHF (Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic / (-
fever) )
CCM (cold chain monitor card) ( -)
CD/CDs (communicable diseases) ( )
CDC (United States Centers for Disease CDC/ (
Control and Prevention) , )
CDH (Central District Hospital) ( )
CDS (Communicable Disease CDS (
Surveillance and Response), WHO/HQ , - )
CEE (Central and Eastern Europe), see ( ), .

87
also: CCEE
CEIS (Computerized EPI Information CEIS ( EpiInfo)
System)
CFC (chlorofluorocarbon/freon) (/)
CFC-free refrigerator
CFT (complement fixation test), syn. ( )
CF test
CHAI (The Clinton HIV/AIDS CHAI (
Initiative) /)
CI (confidence interval) ( )
CIDA (Canadian International (
Development Agency), usually ),
pronounced as SEEDA Canada
CIOMS (Council for International (
Organizations of Medical Sciences) )
CIS (Commonwealth / Community of ( ),
Independent States), e.g. CIS Member . - , .
States, cf. NIS
CISID (Computerized Information CISID (
System for Infectious Diseases) )
CLD (chronic liver disease) ( )
CMI (cell-mediated immunity) ( )
CMV (cytomegalovirus) (, )
cMYP (comprehensive Multi-Year ( )
Plan)
CNS (central nervous system) ( )
COID (Committee on Infectious ( ,
Diseases), US )
CPA (cytopathogenic nontyping agents) ( )
CPE (cytopathic effect) CPE ( )
CRC/UNCRC (Convention on the ( ), 1989 .
Rights of the Child), 1989
CRI (congenital rubella infection) ( )
CRS (congenital rubella syndrome) ( )
CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) ( /
)
CSSES (Center of State Sanitary and ( -
Epidemiological Surveillance) )
CVI (Childrens Vaccine Initiative) CVI ( )
cVDPV (circulating vaccine-derived (
poliovirus) );
( ( )
)
CVP (Childrens Vaccine Program), ( ),
usually mentioned as PATHs CVP or (
PATH/CVP or CVP at PATH )
(Program for Appropriate Technologies
in Health)
D (monovalent diphtheria toxoid) ( )
DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) DALYs ( ,
,

88

)
DANIDA (Danish International (
Development Agency) )
DCVMN (Developing Country Vaccine DCVMN (
Manufacturers Network) )
DFID/DfID (Department for DFID (
International Development), United ),
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland
DFLY (disability-free life years) DFLY (
)
DHMT (district health management DHMT (
team) )
DMEM (Dulbeccos minimal essential DMEM ( ,
medium) )
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) ( )
DPT (diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus - ( -
(toxoids) vaccine) often the doses - )
given are referred to as DPT1, DPT2 1,
and DPT3; syn. DTP (diphtheria and 2 3
tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine)
DQA (data quality audit), also: data ( ), :
quality assessment
DQS (data quality self-assessment) ( )
DT (diphtheria-tetanus vaccine) - ( -
)
DTaP (diphtheria-tetanus (toxoid) and (-
acellular pertussis) vaccine, syn. DPT ), .
with acellular pertussis (--

)
DTH (delayed-type hypersensistivity) (
test )
DTwP (diphtheria-tetanus (toxoid) and (-
whole-cell pertussis vaccine), syn. DPT ), .
with whole-cell pertussis --

EBD (environmental burden of disease) ( /)
EBM (evidence-based medicine) ( )
EBV/EBv (Epstein-Barr virus) EBV ( -)
ECDC (European Centre for Disease ECDC/ (
Prevention and Control) )
ECHO (Enteric, Cytopathogenic, ECHO (, ,
Human, Orphan) viruses , )
EEFO (earliest-expiry-first-out), cf. EEFO/ ( ,
FIFO ), . FIFO

EIA (enzyme immunoassay, syn. ( ), .
enzymoimmunoassay), see also: ELISA ELISA
eIPV (enhanced potency inactivated eIPV (

89
poliomyelitis vaccine) )
EIS (Epidemic Intelligence Service), EIS ( CDC ),
CDC, US
EIW (European Immunization Week) ( )
ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent ELISA / (
assay), see also: EIA ), .
, .
EMEA (European Medicines Agency), EMEA (
formerly known as European ),
Medicines Evaluation Agency or
European Agency for the Evaluation of () www.emea.eu.int
Medicinal Products http://www.emea.europa.eu/
EMRO (WHO Regional Office for the (
Eastern Mediterranean) )
www.emro.who.int
EMS (emergency medical service) ( )
EPI (Expanded Programme on ( )
Immunization)
ETA (estimated time of arrival) ETA (/ ),
.
ETAGE (European Technical Advisory ETAGE / (
Group of Experts on Immunization)
)
EU (European Union) ( , )
EU-IBIS (European Union Invasive EU-IBIS (
Bacterial Infection Surveillance)
Network )
EUPHA (European Public Health (
Association) )
EURO (WHO European Regional ( )
Office / Regional Office for Europe) www.euro.who.int
EV (enteroviruses) EV ()
EVSM (Effective Vaccine Store (
Management) )
FAO (Food and Agriculture (
Organization of the United Nations) )
FAT (fluorescent antibody ( )
test/technique)
FBS (fetal bovine serum) FBS ( )
FDA (Food and Drug Administration) FDA (
(
),
FIA (fluorescence immunoassay), e.g. ( ), .,
direct/indirect FIA /
FIC (fully immunized child) ( )
FIFO (first-in-first-out (first-in/first- FIFO/ ( -
out)), cf. EEFO , . EEFO

FluNet (WHO Global Influenza FluNet (
Surveillance Network) )
FS (financial sustainability)

90
FSP (financial sustainability planning / (
plans)
)
FTF (Financial Task Force), GAVI FTF ( ),

GACVS (Global Advisory Committee (
on Vaccine Safety) )
GAVI (Global Alliance for Vaccines (
and Immunization) ) www.vaccinealliance.org
GBS (Guillain-Barr syndrome) ( -)
GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) GCC (
(, , ,
,
))
GCP (Good Clinical Practice) GCP (
)
GFATM/GF (The Global Fund for [to GFATM/ ( ,
Fight] AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria) );
( )
GIS (geographic(cal) information ( ),
system), e.g. GIS techniques . -
GIVS (Global Immunization Vision and (
Strategy) )
GLP (Good Laboratory Practice, also: GLP ( /
Good Laboratory Principles) ()
)
GMP (good manufacturing practice(s)) GMP ( ),
: //
GMP
GMT (geometric mean titers) GMT ( ), .

GNI (gross national income) ( )
GNP (gross national product) ( )
GOARN (Global Outbreak Alert and GOARN/ (
Response Network) )
GP (general practitioner) / ( /
)
GPEI (Global Polio Eradication GPEI / (
Initiative) )
GPV (Global Programme for Vaccines GPV (
and Immunization) )
GSP (Good Storage Practice) GSP ( )
GTN (Global Training Network), WHO ( ),
GTZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft fr GTZ (
Technische Zusammenarbeit/German )
Agency for Technical Cooperation)
HA (hemagglutinating antibodies) HA (,
)
HAI (hemagglutination inhibition) ( )
assay/test
HAI (hospital-acquired infection) ( ),

91

HAV (hepatitis A virus) ( )
HBc/HbcAg/HBcor (hepatitis B (virus) HBcAg ( /
core antigen) )
Hbe/HBeAg (hepatitis B envelope Hbe/HBeAg ( B)
antigen)
HBIg/HBIG (hepatitis B immune ( )
globulin)
HBs/HBsAg (hepatitis B surface HBsAg ( B)
antigen)
HBV (hepatitis B virus) ( B)
HCAI (healthcare associated infections HCAI (,
/ healthcare-associated infections) )
HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) HCC ( )
HCF (health-care facility) (- )
HCV (hepatitis C virus) ( C)
HCW (healthcare waste) HCW ( )
HCW (health care worker) ,
HCWM / MWM (healthcare / medical HCWM / MWM (
waste management) )
HDV (hepatitis D virus) D ( D)
HepB/HB (hepatitis B vaccine) B ( )
HEPA (high-efficiency particulate / (
arresting), also: HEPA (high efficiency ), : HEPA/
particulate air) filter ( ,
)
HEV (hepatitis E virus) ( E)
Hib (Haemophilus influenzae tybe b) Hib ( b), b

Hib (Haemophilus influenzae tybe b) Hib- / Hib ([]
[conjugate] vaccine )
Hib RAT (Hib Rapid Assessment Tool) Hib RAT ( -
Hib-)
HIG (hyperimmune globulins) HIG ( )
HIPC (Highly Indebted Poor HIPC/ (
Countries), e.g. HIPS initiatives ), . HIPS (
)
HIT/HI test (hemagglutination ( )
inhibition test)
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) ( )
HPA (Health Protection Agency), UK HPA ( ),

HPAI (high pathogenic avian influenza) HPAI (
)
HSR (health system reform) ( )
HSS (health system support) ( )
HSSP (Health Sector Strategic Plan) (
)
HVI (HIV Vaccine Initiative), WHO HVI ( -
),
HVTN (HIV Vaccine Trials Network) HVTN ( - )

92
IAVI (International AIDS Vaccine IAVI (
Initiative) )
ICC (Inter-agency Coordinating/ (
Coordination Committee) )
ICCPE (International Certification ICCPE (
Commission for Poliomyelitis )
Eradication)
ICD-10 (International Classification of-10 (
Diseases (short title) International ( )

Statistical Classification of Diseases and
Related Health Problems (long title)) ,
( ))
ICG (International Coordinating Group) ICG ( )
on Vaccine Provision for Epidemic
Meningitis Control
ICRC (International Committee of the (
Red Cross) )
IDS (integrated disease surveillance) (
)
IDU (injecting/injection/intravenous ( ),
drug users), see also IVDU .
IE (immunoelectrophoresis)
IEC (information, education, (, , ),
communication), see also AIEC .
IFA (immunofluorescent assay) ( ),

IFF (International Finance Facility) IFF (
())
IFFIm/IFFim (International Financial IFFIm/ (
Facility for Immunization) )
IFN (interferon) ()
IFN- (interferon gamma) - (-)
IFRC (International Federation of Red (
Cross and Red Crescent Societies) )
IFT/IIFT (indirect fluorescence ( ),
antibody test), syn. indirect (
immunofluorescence technique / )
immunofluorescent test
Ig (immunoglobulin or immune Ig ()
globulin)
IgA (D, E, G, M, T) (immunoglobulin IgA (D, E, G, M, T) ( A
A (D, E, G, M, T)) (D, E, G, M, T))
IgM anti-Hbc (IgM class antibody to IgM -Hbc ( IgM
hepatitis B core antigen)
B)
IHA/IHT (indirect hemagglutination ( ), .
assay/test) ( )
IHR (International Health Regulations) ( -
)
IIP (immunization in practice) IIP ( )
IL (interleukins) ()

93
ILR (ice-lining refrigerator) ILR ( )
IM/im/i.m. injection (intramuscular / ( )
injection)
IMAI (Integrated Management of (
Adolescent and Adult Illness) )
IMC (International Medical Corps) ( )
IMCI (Integrated Management of (
Childhood Illness) )
www.who.int/child-adolescent-health/integr.htm
IND (International Nomenclature of ( )
Diseases)
INN (International Nonproprietary (
Names) )
INS (support for injection safety) INS (
)
IPV (inactivated poliovirus vaccine) (
/ )
IQS (immunization quality and safety) ( )
IRC (Independent Review Committee) IRC (
)
IRMs (immune response modifiers) IRMs ( )
ISCOM (measles immune stimulating (
complex) )
ISO (International Organization for ISO (
Standardization) )
ISS (Immunization services support) ISS (
)
ISS (Immunization System ( )
Strengthening)
ITD (intratypic differentiation) ( )
IU (International Units) ( )
IVB (Immunization, Vaccines and IVB (,
Biologicals), WHO/HQ ), -
iVDPV (vaccine-derived poliovirus ( ,
associated with immunodeficiency)
)
IVDU (intravenous drug users), see also ( ),
IDU .
IVI (International Vaccine Initiative) IVI ( )
IVIG (intravenous IgG) IVIG ( G)
IVR (Initiative for Vaccine Research), (
WHO/UNAIDS ), /
JE (Japanese encephalitis) ( )
JICA (Japanese International JICA (
Cooperation Agency) pronounced as )
Jaika
JRF (Joint WHO/UNICEF Reporting JRF ( /)
Form)
KAP (Knowledge, Attitude, Practice) (,
survey , )
KAPB (Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, (,

94
Beliefs) survey pronounced as , , )
KAP"B
LBW (low birth-weight) infant LBW (
(< 2500 ),
)
LCD (liquid-crystal display) () /
LDCs (least developed countries) ( )
LDMS (Laboratory Data Management (
System) )
LED (light-emitting diode) or LED ( )
indicator/display /
LFH (laminar flow hood) ( ), .
LIDs (Local Immunization Days) ( )
LLR (rotavirus lamb strain) LLR ( ,
)
LMV (live measles vaccine) ( )
LPS (lipopolysaccharides) ()
LQA (Laboratory Quality Assurance) (
)
LQAS (Lot Quality Assessment Survey) LQAS (
)
LQT (lot quality technique) LQT ( )
LSM (lymphocyte separation medium) LSM ( )
MCH (maternal and child health) MCH/ (
)
MCV (measles-containing vaccine) (, )
MDG/MDGs (UN millennium ( /
development goals), also MDG plus ,
)
http://www.un.org/russian/goals/
http://www.un.org/russian/goals/fact1.htm
MDR (multidrug resistance) (
)
MDR-TB (multidrug-resistant TB), i.e. - (
resistance to at least rifampicin and )
isoniazid
,

MDVP (multidose vial policy) (
)
M&E (monitoring and evaluation) M&E ( )
MECACAR (Middle East, CAucasus ( ,
and Central Asian Republics) ),
Operation, also transcribed as
Mediterranean countries, Caucasus and ,
Central Asian Republics
MEM (minimal essential medium) MEM ( )
MERLIN (Medical Emergency Relief (
International), UK
),
MH (molecular hybridization) ( )

95
MI (Medical Institution) ( )
MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) (
)
MM (maintenance medium) MM ( )
MMF (macrophagic myofasciitis) ( ),
( )
MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) ( --
vaccine )
MMWR (Morbidity and Mortality MMWR (
Weekly Report) ), CDC
www.cdc.gov/mmwr/
MNT (maternal-neonatal tetanus) ( )
MNTE (maternal-neonatal tetanus (
elimination) )
MoH/MOH (Ministry of Health) / ( )
MOHSD/MOH&SD (Ministry of //
Health and Social Development as of (
March 2004), RF ),
MPR (measles-pertussis-rubella) ( --
vaccine )
MR (measles and rubella) vaccine ( )
MS (multiple sclerosis) ( )
MSF (Mdcins sans Frontire/Doctors MSF ( ), ., ,
without Borders) ,
MSVD (Measles School Vaccination ( )
Days)
MTCT (mother-to-child transmission), / (()
e.g. of HIV or HBV ), . -

MTEF (medium-term expenditure ( )
framework)
MVD (Measles Vaccination Days) ( )
MVH (measles virus hemagglutinin) MVH ( )
MVP (The Meningitis Vaccine Project), ( ),
WHO & PATH
MWM / HCWM (medical / healthcare MWM / HCWM (
waste management) )
MYP (multi-year plan) ( )
NCID (National Center for Infectious NCID (
Diseases), CDC, US ), CDC,
NFIs (needle-free injections), e.g. ( ), .
administered by means of a dermojet
NGOs (nongovernmental organizations) ( )
NHS (National Health Service), UK ( ),

NICC (National Immunization (
Coordination Committee) )
NICC (National Interagency (
Coordinating Committee) )
NID (National Immunization Day) ( )
NIP (National Immunization ( )

96
Programme)
NIS (Newly Independent States (all ( (
Union Republics of the former USSR)), )), .
cf. CIS
NK (natural killers), syn. natural killer ( ), .
cells (NK cells)) - (, NK-)
NNT/NT (neonatal tetanus) ( )
NPEV (non-polio enterovirus) ( )
NRA (National Regulatory Authority), ( ),
previously called NCA (National (
Control Authority) )
NRL (National Reference Laboratory) ( -)
NSC (National Surveillance (
Coordinator) )
NSO (National Surveillance Officer) ( )
NT (neutralization test) ( ), .
NTEV (non-typable enterovirus) ( )
NTHi (non-typeable Haemophilus NTHi ( Haemophilus
influenzae) influenzae)
NTP (National Tuberculosis (
Programme) )
NVIC (National Vaccine Information (
Center) )
NVS (support for new vaccines NVS ( )
(introduction))
OCC (out-of-cold chain) strategy or (/ )
policy
OCHA (Office for the Coordination of OCHA/ (
Humanitarian Affairs (United Nations)) )
ODA (Official Development ODA/ ( )
Assistance)
OECD (Organization for Economic Co- (
operation and Development), 1961 ), 1961 .
OIE (Office of International Epizootics, ( ),
renamed as World Organization for
Animal Health) ) http://www.oie.int
OPV (oral polio vaccine), e.g. OPV3 ( ), .
3 (
)
OR (odds ratio) ( )
PAB (protected at birth/protection at ( /
birth status) )
PAHO (Pan American Health (
Organization) ) www.paho.org
PATH (Program for Appropriate (
Technologies in Heath) )
PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear PBMC (
cells) )
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) ( )
PE (protective efficacy), . Vaccine PE ( )
efficacy

97
PEP (post-exposure ( /
(chemo)prophylaxis) ())
PFS (pre-filled syringe) PFS (
)
PHA (phytohemagglutinin) ()
PHC (primary health care) ( - )
PIS (Product Information Sheets) PIS (
)
PLHA/PLWHA (people/persons living (/, /)
with HIV/AIDS)
PMS (post marketing surveillance) ( )
PneumoADIP (Pneumococcal PneumoADIP (
Accelerated Development and )
Introduction Plan)
PPE (personal protective equipment) ( )
PPD (purified protein derivative), e.g. PPD (
PPD test ()), .
PPD
PQS (Performance, Quality and Safety) PQS ( -
criteria - )
PRSC (Poverty Reduction Strategy (
Credits) , )
PRSP (Poverty Reduction Strategy (
Paper) () )
PT (preterm, < 37 weeks) infant PT (, 37-
)
QALY (qualityadjusted life years) QALY ( ,
); ,

QC (quality control) QC ( )
r (random number) r ( )
R&D (research and development) ( )
RAT (rapid assessment tool) ( -)
RBCs (red blood cells) ()
RCT (randomized controlled trial) (
/)
REACH (Resource for Child Health) REACH ( ),

., . , .
()
RED (Reaching Every District) strategy ( )
RI (Research Institute) (- )
RI (Rotary International), also Rotary ,
Foundation, Rotary Club, Rotarians , -,
RIA (radioimmunoassay) ( ,
)
RNA (ribonucleic acid) ( )
ROPD (rural out-patient department/ ( )
clinic)
Rota(virus)ADIP (Rotavirus Vaccine Rota(virus)ADIP (
Accelerated Development and )

98
Introduction Plan)
rPA (recombinant protective antigen rPA (
anthrax vaccine), syn. recombinant PA )
vaccine, rPA vaccine
RPD (Rural Physician District) ( )
RR (rate ratio) RR ( )
RR (relative risk) ( )
RRL (Regional Reference Laboratory) ( -)
RRV-TV (Rhesus rotavirus tetravalent - (-
vaccine) )
RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase - (
polymerase chain reaction) )
RVP (Rotavirus Vaccine Program) ( )
RWG (Regional Working Group) ( )
s (sampling interval) s ( )
SAGE (Strategic Advisory Group of SAGE (
Experts), WHO ),
SARS (severe acute respiratory ( )
syndrome)
SCID (severe combined (
immunodeficiency) )
SCSES (State Committee for Sanitary ( -
and Epidemiological Surveillance) )
SEARO (WHO South-East Asia (
Regional Office / Regional Office for - ) www.whosea.org
South-East Asia)
SES (Sanitary and Epidemiological (- )
Station)
SIAs (supplementary immunization (
activities) )
SID/SIDS (Sudden Infant Death/ (
Syndrome) )
SIDA (Swedish International (
Development (Cooperation) Agency), ),
pronounced as SEEDA Sweden
SIGN (Safe Injection Global Network) (
)
SIP (safe injection practice) ( )
SIP (steam-in-place) SIP ( )
SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus) SIV ( )
SLAM (signaling lymphocyte activation SLAM (
molecule), also known as CD150 ), . ;
CD150
SNID/Sub-NID (sub-national /- (
immunization days) )
SOP (Standard operating procedure) ( )
SOS (sustainable outreach services) SOS ( )
SSES/SanEpi (State Sanitary and / (
Epidemiological Surveillance) - )
SSI (small-scale incinerator) SSI ( )
STB (Stop TB Department), WHO/HQ STB/ ( ),

99
 -
SWAP/SWAp (sector-wide approach) ( () )
SWB (system-wide barriers) ( ()),

SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, SWOT- (/ ,
opportunities, threats) analysis , )
,
,

TA (Travel authorization)
TAG (Technical Advisory Group) ( )
TB (tuberculosis) ()
TBE (tick-borne encephalitis) ( )
TCG (Technical Consultative Group) ( )
TCID50 (median tissue culture infective TCID50 ( )
dose) ( 50% )
Td (tetanus-diphtheria vaccine with - ( -
reduced amount of diphtheria toxoid for
older children and adults)
)
TECHNET (Technical Network for TECHNET ( -
Logistics in Health)
)
TFA (Task Force on Advocacy), GAVI TFA (
),

TFCC (Task Force on Country TFCC (
Coordination), GAVI ),
Ts (suppressor cells), syn. T suppressor (-), . T-, -
cells , -
TST (time, steam, temperature) spot - ( ,
indicator ),

TST (tuberculin skin test(ing)), syn. ( ,
Mantoux test ), .
TST (tuberculin (skin) test) conversion ( () )
TT (tetanus toxoid), e.g. TT2+ (
), . 2+ (
)
TU (tuberculin unit) ( )
UF (utilization factor) ( )
UN (United Nations) ( )
UNAIDS (Joint United Nations (
Programme on HIV/AIDS) /)
UNDP (United Nations Development ( )
Programme)
UNEP (United Nations Environment (
Programme) )
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, (
Scientific and Cultural Organization) , )
UNFPA (United Nations Fund for (

100
Population Activities) )
UNICEF (United Nations International (
Children Emergency Fund / United )
Nations Childrens Fund)
UNITAID (IDPF-UNITAID) (
(International Drug Purchase Facility) )
USAID (United States Agency for (
International Development) ) www.usaid.gov
VAB (Vaccines and Biologicals), WHO VAB ( ),

VAD (vitamin A deficiency) ( A)
VADD (vitamin A deficiency disorders) VADD (,
A)
VAERS (Vaccine Adverse Event VAERS (
Reporting System), US
),
VAM (Vaccine Assessment and VAM ( ),
Monitoring), WHO/HQ -
VAP (vaccine-associated polio (case)) ( ()
)
VAPP (vaccine-associated paralytic (
poliomyelitis) )
VAR (Vaccine Arrival Report) ( )
VDPV (vaccine-derived poliovirus) ( )
VF/TVF (The Vaccine Fund) ( )
VH (viral hepatitis) ( )
VHF (viral hemorrhagic fever) ( )
VHPB (Viral Hepatitis Prevention (
Board) )
VII (Vaccine Independence Initiative) VII (
)
VMTC (Vaccine Management Training VMTC (
Clusters) )
VLBW (very low birth weight) infant VLBW (
),
VPD (vaccine-preventable diseases), ( ; ,
syn. VPI (vaccine preventable
infections) )
VPI (Vaccine-Preventable Diseases and VPI (
Immunization Programme), WHO )
VPP (Vaccine Provision Project) VPP ( )
VRF (Vishnevskaya-Rostropovich ( -)
Foundation) http://www.rostropovich.org/ru-
news_russia_092204.html
VSM (vaccine store management) ( )
VSQ (Vaccine Supply and Quality), VSQ (
WHO ),
VTM (viral transport medium) VTM ( ), .
)
VVM (vaccine vial monitor) ( )
VZIG (varicella-zoster immune VZIG (

101
globulin) )
VZV (varicella-zoster virus) ( )
WBC (1. white blood cell; 2. white 1. (); 2.
blood count)
WCBA (women of childbearing age), ( )
syn.
CBAW (child-bearing aged women)
WCV (well-child visit) ( )
WER (Weekly Epidemiological (
Record), WHO/HQ ), -

WFP (World Food Programme), United (

Nations )
WHA (World Health Assembly), e.g. ( ),
WHA meeting . /WHA
WHO (World Health Organization) ( )
WPRO (WHO Regional Organization (
(Office) for the Western Pacific) )
www.wpro.who.int
WPV (wild poliovirus) ( )
XDR-TB (extensive drug resistant TB), XDR-TB ( ),
extensive drug resistant strains of TB

YF (yellow fever) ( )

102
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