STEEL REINFORCEMENTS FOR BEAMS AND GIRDERS: ‘The basic steel reinforcement of concrete beams and girders consists of 4 longitudinal bars, with each piece located at each comer of the beam or girder section. If the structural engineer has determined that the 4 bars is inadequate for the concrete member to resist the stresses it will be subjected to, an appropriate number of short ones are added. ‘The additional short bars are placed over supports and midspans, at the top and bottom parts, respectively, of the beam or girder sections. Aside from the continuous longitudinal and the short steel reinforcements, stirrups are also used in reinforced concrete beams and girders. These consist of either the open (U-stirups) or the closed siirups. They enclose, and are secured to the longitudinal and short reinforcements with galvanized iron wires of by welding, While the main reinforcing bars resist the longitudinal stresses in the beam or girder, the stirrups take care of the diagonal tension in the concrete member. The stirups also keep the steel reinforcements in their proper position Fig. D-2 DETAILS OF A ONE-SPAN CONCRETE BEAM WITH 4 STEEL REINFORCING BARS coNcR, BEAM OR GIRDER __(-OPEN STINRUPS | i I i b = IL COLUMN STEEL REINF. BARS COLUMN ‘TOP VIEW OF BEAM OR GIRDER CONC. BEAM OR GIRDER iain 2 PIECES BOTTOM BARS SIDE VIEW OF BEAM OR GIRDER 2 PIECES TOP BARS erase 2 PIECES TOP 2 PIECES BOTTOM BARS SECTION OF BEAM ISOMETRIC DRAWING OF THE STEEL REINFORCING BARS D2