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Introduction
The first human retrovirus is human T- lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV) was
isolated from a patient with T-cell leukaemia. In recent years it has become
clear that another retrovirus , human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) , is
responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and has impact
on dentistry . There are number of oral manifestions of HIV infections , some of
which may be presenting features of the disease and to which dentist must be
alert.
To conquere HIV infection and AIDS are consuming million dollar and thus for
all effort at producing a preventive vaccine have failed
HIV and AIDS transmission: In developed countries, homosexual men has been
the most at risk of HIV infection, intravenous drug user. Sexual transmission is
primarilary from male to male or male to female. In Africa heterosexual
transmission is a common event, mainly young adult. Vertical transmission to
infants from infected motherand may occur in utero, either perinatally or
postnatally.
Pathogenesis: The main determinant the pathogenesis and the disease cause
by HIV is the tropism of this virus for CD4cells namely the helper and delayed
type hypersensitivity T cells. After infected CD4 the virus replicated and
established latency. Activation of the infected CD4 T cellsat a later date, for
example by contact with a forein antigen, was then belived to result in viral
killing of the cells . Recent evidence indicates that HIV destroy many cells of
immune system.
6.Other oral lesion seen in HIV infection include recurrent intraoral herpes
simplex infections, cytomegalovirus associated oral ulceration and paretic
gland enlargement, the latter in association with oral dryness