Algebra del operador nabla

Operadores de primer orden

Gradiente: = ux + uy + uz
x y z

Ax Ay Az
Divergencia: A = + +
x y z




Az Ay Ax Az Ay Ax
Rotacional: A = ux + uy + uz
y z z x x y

Aplicacion sobre productos

() = +
(A) = A + A
(A) = A + A
(A B) = ( A) B ( B) A
(A B) = A( B) + (B )A B( A) (A )B
(A B) = A ( B) + (A )B + B ( A) + (B )A

Operadores de segundo orden

2 2 2
() = 2 = + + 2 (Laplaciano)
x2 y 2 z

() = 0
( A) = 0
( A) = ( A) 2 A

Identidades de Green
1a identidad: () = + 2 2a identidad: ( ) = 2 2
 Resumen de formulas de coordenadas curvilneas ortogonales




x = cos = r sen cos x2 + y 2 = = r sen x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2 + z 2 = r
Vector de posicion:

Factores de hx = 1 hy = 1 hz = 1
y x2 + y 2 r = xux + y uy + zuz  escala:

y = sen = r sen sen arctg == arctg = arctg =  r  h = 1 h = hz = 1
r = u + zuz 
hi =  
qi 
x z z
hr = 1 h = r h = r sen
y r = rur
z= z = r cos z = z = r cos arctg = =
x

Diferencial de longitud: Diferencial de volumen:

Delta de Dirac: (
)(
)(z z
)
dr = h1 dq1 u1 + h2 dq2 u2 + h3 dq3 u3 d = h1 h2 h3 dq1 dq2 dq3 (r r
) =
(q1 q1
)(q2 q2
)(q3 q3
)
dr = dxux + dy uy + dzuz d = dx dy dz (r r
) =
dr = d u + d u + dzuz d = d d dz
h1 h2 h3 (r r
)(
)(
)
(r r
) =
(r r ) = (x x )(y y
)(z z
)



r2 sen
dr = drur + r d u + r sen d u d = r2 sen dr d d
Gradiente:
1 1 1
= u1 + u2 + u3
Vectores unitarios: ux = cos u sen u = sen cos ur + cos cos u sen u h1 q1 h2 q2 h3 q3
1 r uy = sen u + cos u = sen sen ur + cos sen u + cos u
ui =
hi qi uz = uz = cos ur sen u = ux + uy + uz
x y z
cos ux + sen uy = u = sen ur + cos u sen cos ux + sen sen uy + cos uz = sen u + cos uz = ur
sen ux + cos uy = u = u cos cos ux + cos sen uy sen uz = cos u sen uz = u 1
= u + u + uz
uz = uz = cos ur sen u sen ux + cos uy = u = u z
1 1
ur + = u + u
r r r sen
     
Rotacional: Az Ay Ax Az Ay Ax
  A= ux + uy + uz
 h1 u1 h2 u2 h3 u3  y z z x x y
      
  1 Az 1 (A ) A
1   A A Az
A =  A= u + u + uz
h1 h2 h3  q1 q2 q3  z z
       
h A h A 1 (sen A ) A 1 1 Ar (rA ) 1 (rA ) Ar
1 1 2 2 h A 
3 3 A= ur + u + u
r sen r sen r r r
Divergencia: Laplaciano:
        
1 (A1 h2 h3 ) (h1 A2 h3 ) (h1 h2 A3 ) 1 h2 h3 h1 h3 h1 h2
A= + + 2 = + +
h1 h2 h3 q1 q2 q3 h1 h2 h3 q1 h1 q1 q2 h2 q2 q3 h3 q3
Ax Ay Az 2 2 2
A= + + 2 =
+ 2 + 2
x y z x2 y z
 
1 (A ) 1 A Az 1 1 2 2
A= + + 2 = + 2 2
+ 2
z z
   
1 (r2 Ar ) 1 (sen A ) 1 A 1 1 1 2
A= 2
+ + 2 = 2 r2 + 2 sen + 2
r r r sen r sen r r r r sen r sen 2
2