GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

This spreadsheet is designed to be used in conjunction with the document titled "Prediction "Horizontal ofDra
P
Piezometric
for HorizontalSurfaces
Drain Design"
and DrainbySpacing"
Cook et al.by(in
Cook
progress),
et al. (ininpress),
which ina full
whichdescription
a full description
of the met o
Crenshaw
and Santi'sand
2004Santi's
method)2004employed
method) in employed
this spreadsheet
in this spreadsheet
is available.is available.
This documentThis also
document
detail
and maintenance
maintenance practices
practices
for horizontal
for horizontal
draindrain
systems,
systems,
and and
discusses
discusses
somesome
limitations
limitations
of the
ofmetho
the m
spreadsheet
is intended tois facilitate
intended theto facilitate
applicationtheofapplication
Crenshawofand Crenshaw
Santi's modified
and Santi's
method.
modified
Specifically,
method. S
1) Predict piezometric surfaces in a drained slope for use in slope stability analyses,
2) Predict heads in piezometers installed in a drained slope for purposes of verifying expected d
3) Estimate an appropriate average drain spacing to achieve a desired piezometric drawdown, a
analyses.
The spreadsheet is composed of five sections: an Introduction Page, a Multiplier Page, an Input
Output Page. The Introduction Page provides an overview of the spreadsheet and includes tips
Page does not provide any guidance on the use of Excel spreadsheets in general. It is assumed
program and can navigate the spreadsheet as needed. The Multiplier Page provides a figure tha
parameter, M. The Input Page provides an easy format for entering the data required for the cal
the intermediate calculations and data used to provide the output listed on the Output Page. The
never altered. The Output Page provides a list of the heads calculated for the drained slope, and
piezometric surface within the drained slope.
Tips for Spreadsheet Use:
1) Always keep an unaltered copy of the original file in case a calculation or output cell is accid
saving a version of the original file under a new name.
2) If
Note
Excel
thatasks
not you
every if "Value"
you wantcellto on
"update"
the Input
the Page
spreadsheet,
must beselect
filled "Don't
in, someUpdate."
of them can/should
data.
3) Note
Cells
thatthat
not may
everybe"Value"
left blank
cellare
on noted
the Input
in the
Page
"Special
must be Instructions"
filled in, some
column.
of them can/should
3) Never
data. Cells
alter
thatcells
mayofbetheleft
Calculation
blank are noted
Page. in the "Special Instructions" column.
4) The
On the
profile
Inputprovided
Page, enter
on the
a number
Outputfor Pageeach
will
value.
requireDO some
NOTmanipulation
enter a formula
to provide
to calculate
a present
a nu
without between
convert changingunits.
the output
Entering
data.a At
formula
the least,
will the
cause
lasterrors
cell number
on the Calculation
for each series
Page.
should be ch
length.
5) NeverFor
alter
example,
cells of ifthe
theCalculation
total drain Page.
length is 90 ft, the last data cell number for each X and Y
changed
6) The profile
from 1013
providedto 103.
on theThe
Output
cell number
Page willcorresponding
require sometomanipulation
the total draintolength
providecana be
present
easi
any of the
without changing
"Lengththe intooutput
the Slope
data. (ft)"
At thecolumns.
least, the
These
last cell
instructions
number forare each
also provided
series should
on the
be Ou
ch
length. For example, if the total drain length is 27 m, the last data cell number for each X and Y
changed from 318 to 40. The cell number corresponding to the total drain length can be easily
any of the "Length into the Slope (m)" columns. These instructions are also provided on the Ou
 UCTIONS

nt titled "Prediction
"Horizontal ofDrain
Piezometric
Spreadsheet
Surfaces
Instructions
and Drainto Predict
Spacing
hich
l description
a full description
of the method
of the(amethod
modified(a modified
version ofversion
Crenshaw
of
ilable.
is document
This also
document
detailsalso
current
details
design,
current
installation,
design, installation,
and
ome
limitations
limitations
of the
ofmethods
the methods
employed
employedhere-in.
here-in.
ThisThis
spreadsheet
nti's
d method.
modifiedSpecifically,
method. Specifically,
it may be usedit may
to quickly:
be used to quickly:
ty analyses,
of verifying expected drawdown, and
ezometric drawdown, as estimated from slope stability

Multiplier Page, an Input Page, a Calculation Page, and an

sheet and includes tips for spreadsheet use. The Introduction
general. It is assumed the user has some knowledge of the
ge provides a figure that may be used to estimate an input
data required for the calculations. The Calculation Page shows
on the Output Page. The Calculation Page should be viewed, but
or the drained slope, and a profile of the maximum, steady-state

n or output cell is accidentally deleted or changed. Start by

n't
ome Update."
of them can/should be left blank depending on other input
ome
column.
of them can/should be left blank depending on other input
column.
ormula
ion to provide
to calculate
a presentable
a number,figure.
even ifThis
youprofile
are only
may
trying
be altered
to
ulation
ach series
Page.
should be changed to correspond to the total drain
umber for each X and Y data range of each series should be
drain
ion tolength
providecana be
presentable
easily viewed
figure.
on This
the Calculation
profile mayPage
be altered
under
also
ach provided
series should
on the
be Output
changedPage.
to correspond to the total drain
umber for each X and Y data range of each series should be
in length can be easily viewed on the Calculation Page under
also provided on the Output Page.
Multiplier for use with the head correction factor (Hf). The drain inclination is "di," and
Both inclinations are in degrees.
rain inclination is "di," and the low-permeability layer inclination is "ll."
 Objective Parameter
Hydraulic Conductivity (m/s) - K:

Average Drain Outflow From a Single Drain (m3/s) - Q:

Recharge over area LxS (m/s) - V:

Average Drain Length (m) - L:

Average Drain Spacing (m) - S:

Average Depth to Underlying Low-Permeability Layer (m) - D:

Drain Radius (m) - r0:

Input Data to Calculate Drain Spacing or
Maximum Piezometric Profile: Drain Angle (degrees) - :

Low-Permeability Layer Angle (degrees) - :

Multiplier - M:

Initial Piezometric Head Behind Drain Field (m) - Hi:

Elevation of Drain Outlet (m) - Edo:

Elevation of Low-Permeability Layer Below the Drain Outlet (m) - Elp:

Distance of Piezometer From Midpoint Between Two Drains (m) - x:

Additional Input Data Required to Calculate the
Piezometric Head at a Single Piezometer:
Distance of Piezometer into the Slope (m) - p:
r Value Special Instructions

K VALUE INVALID
(m /s) - Q:
3

Use a value for either Q or V, but not both.

Use closest integer.

ility Layer (m) - D: May be left blank if desired. Will be auto-calculated on

following page.

See Multiplier Page (second tab).

(m) - Hi: Measure 6 m behind drains from level of Elp.

Use height above low-permeability layer if E lp is zero.

he Drain Outlet (m) - Elp:
May use zero for this value since the Elp is the datum

een Two Drains (m) - x:

p:
 Maximum Piezometric Height Above the Drain at
Recharge (m/s) - V: the Midpoint Between Drains (m) - Hmax:
#DIV/0!

Normalized Recharge (v/K) - Vn:

#DIV/0!

Hi%: Lc%:
#DIV/0!

Head at L100 (m) - Hd: Location of Drain Contact (m) - Lc:

#DIV/0!
Location of Drain Contact (m) - Lcc: (Corrected for
Head correction factor (m) - Hf:
Drain Angles>0)
#DIV/0!
Final head correction factor (m) - Hfc:
Final Location of Drain Contact (m) - Lcf: Value used
(Corrected for Drain
for RCD
Angles>0) #DIV/0!

Auto-Calculated Field Depth (m) - D: Equiv. Depth to Low-Perm Layer (m) - d:

#N/A

Drain Low-Permeability Layer

Length into the Slope (m) Elevation of Drain (m) Length into the Slope (m)
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 RDC Slope Calculation
#DIV/0!

X Y

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00

#DIV/0! 0.00 #DIV/0!

#DIV/0! Slope, m: #DIV/0!

#DIV/0! Intercept, b: #DIV/0!

#N/A

Low-Permeability Layer Field Depth, D

Elevation of Low-Perm. Layer (m) D (m) Average D (m)
0.00 0.00
 Piezometric Head at a Specific Piezometer

Piezometer Head at Lc (m) - Hc:

#DIV/0!

RDC at Distance p (ft) - RDCp:

#N/A
Drain Elevation at Distance p (ft) -
dp:
#N/A
Head in Specified Piezometer (ft) -
Hp:
#DIV/0!

Predicted Piezometric Surface

Length into the Slope (m) RDC (m) Elevation of Piezometric Surface (m)
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 Piezometric Head (m) Explan
Hmax #DIV/0! This is the average maximum head in the slope that occurs at the mi
Hp #DIV/0! This is the head in a piezometer a distance x from the midpoint betwe

Predicted Piezometric Surface

Elevation (m)

100.00
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
0 50 100 150 200 2
Length into Slope (m)
0.00
0 50 100 150 200 2
Length into Slope (m)

This profile chart must be changed manually to reflect the correct drain length. This

On the Calculation Page, note which cell in Column A corresponds to the ma

On the Output Page, with the chart selected, right click the chart with the com

Choose Select Data.

Choose a series and select Edit.

For all three series, change the last cell for the X and Y value ranges to match

For example, the final default cell number is 318. If the drain length for a pr
 Explanation
ad in the slope that occurs at the midpoint between two drains at a distance L c into the slope.
a distance x from the midpoint between two drains at a distance p into the slope.

ometric Surface in Drained Slope

Drain

Low-Permeability Layer

Piezometric Surface at
Midpoint Between Drains

50 200 250 300 350

gth into Slope (m)
50 200 250 300 350
gth into Slope (m)

ect the correct drain length. This can be achieved by following these instructions:

Column A corresponds to the maximum drain length, L.

right click the chart with the computer mouse.

he X and Y value ranges to match the cell number noted in Column A previously.

318. If the drain length for a project is 27 m, the cell number corresponding to this length is 40. Thus, each series range wil