PDF Edne Nov 2016

NOVEMBER 2016
www.edn-europe.com
Electrical interconnects extended to 100 Gpbs

COVER FEATUREARTICLES EDN's columns
Aquantia & GlobalFoundries team to 17 W
hy do you need an RTOS in an IOT 4 EDN.comment
take copper interconnect to 100G world? Big data: yours, mine....ours?
by Stefan Ingenhaag, Renesas 6 Pulse
Electronics Europe
F
ARM bids to widen IoT business into the cloud; Fast UI proto-
or many years, the bandwidth limits of
20 P
ulse oximetry using a programmable typing for Raspberry Pi; Avnet completes acquisition of Premier
copper interconnect have been repeatedly
mixed signal array IC Farnell; FPGA IP to embed in SoCs for acceleration;
forecast, and those forecasts have repeatedly
Intel Atom E3900 processors; Industrial PLC reference design
been confounded. Now, high-speed-signalling by Ahmed Asim Ghouri, Silego
fabless semiconductor company Aquantia (San aimed at Industry 4.0; Innovative use of MEMS for mid-range
Technology
Jose, California), in collaboration with chipmaker pressure sensing; Siemens gateway; industrial IoT launch-point;
Global Foundries, has announced it has pushed 22 H
igh-performance GaN-based 48-V to Printed electronics pioneer funded to go to production; SoCs
that limit to 100 Gbit/sec, and anticipates 1-V conversion for PoL applications and development kits for V2X comms; Silicon Labs takes IoT
applications in hyperscale data centres, for by Alberto Doronzo, Texas Instruments RTOS in-house with Micrium purchase; Energy-efficient biomedi-
storage and for provision of cloud computing cal sensor hub for wearables
24 Implementing IEEEs 802.3bts 71W
resources.
PoE standard - now 19 Analog Tips
The increased throughput will, of itself, help to by Christopher Gobok, Linear Low noise or low power? Yes!
reduce costs; and enabling it without conversion Technology by Mark Looney, Analog Devices
to all-optical interconnect will extend that 37 Tales from the Cube
benefit. The announcement is, specifically, that 26 O
ptimized for ADAS applications: new
Inspiration from Chinatown
technology Aquantia calls QuantumStream compiler challenges by Len Sherman, Maxim Integrated
can delivers the first single-lane, 100 Gbit/ by Dr. Alexander Herz, Tasking
sec solution by building on GlobalFoundries 33 Product Roundup
56 Gbit/s SerDes. QuantumStream, Aquantia 28 F
ormula E showcases automotive Gigabit Ethernet FPGA module; Power quality monitoring AFE;
says, applies architectural innovations in efficiency & performance gains Maxim's 1-Wire interface meets Arduino and mbed; Hetero-
interconnect technology and delivers low latency through SiC geneous inside & out IP cores; 433-MHz band antenna; 14-ch
performance for next-generation hyperscale by Arun Kumar, Rohm Semiconductor gamma buffer; Intel samples Stratix 10 FPGAs on 14nm node;
architectures. QuantumStream technology is 1000V silicon carbide MOSFET; Zero-code-programmable
aimed at inter- and intra-rack connectivity up to mixed-signal IC in 4.4 mm; 24-pin MCUs with IOs to support
a few metres; beynd that, longer-reach optical ONLINE THIS MONTH up to 13 sensors; TDKs revisit of modular PSU concept; 100
connectivity solutions will continue to be used MHz to 40 GHz power detector; Photorelays rated to 5A; AC/
in hyperscale data centres. System vendors and New tools for driving GaN E-HEMT DC PSU outputs 40W from 4.5 sq in; RS-485 transmitters sup-
data centre operators will be assisted in their, transistors port 20 Mbps
push towards higher performance and newer
topologies in hyperscale architectures. The 30 Design Ideas
The basics of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
target of the collaboration is to enable 400 Gbit/ RC oscillator generates linear triangle wave
sec Ethernet Direct-Attach Cable connections; Spacecraft data handling using ARM-based by Arturo Rivera
read the full item here. processors
3 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

EDN. COMMENT
BIG DATA, MY DATA, YOUR DATA...OUR DATA?
T he notion of Big Data has become one of the
defining characteristics of the interconnected
world that many of us are creating. All those
Adam Game, Director of Strategy, Intelematics;
he noted that there are already consumer
expectations around connectivity, but they are
difficulty. Describing some aspects of the EUs
ITS Directive, the European Commissions Claire
Depr (DG, MOVE) noted that the task is, All
billions of connected, sentient (in the literal bound up with issues such as privacy. And, he about a public/private partnership... not all about
sense of, being able to sense something) used a term that was repeated by several other data, but governance. Some of the data is in
devices, constantly monitoring their environment speakers; silo. The key challenge is accessing private hands (captured by in-vehicle systems,
and making that data available for our use. Big data [that is] often in silos. As speaker Leon for example: some, public, such as infrastructure
data is about connected things leaving a trace van de Pas, Head of IoT Business Group, HERE, and road signage).
as they interact.* The language, the terms in expressed it, Data silos are holding us back, From the US arm of HERE (location data
which the topic is discussed, constantly evolves. [when] everything is connected... data should specialists), ITS Director Monali Shah reiterated
We realise that in passing data to the cloud, that benefit the community. He went to remark that that collaboration is essential, citing an
the cloud doesnt want, and cant cope with, connectivity and big data are not enough in agreement between Audi, Mercedes and BMW
the unfiltered torrent. So we look to pre-process themselves, that there must be an environment to share captured data for more effective ITS
it closer to source: and thus we have fog of open systems in which the data can be outcomes. (Those three companies being joint
computing, and other such ideas. But underlying translated into value; there being a cost to owners of HERE.) She listed four problems
everything is the belief that the data has inherent ingest data, to normalise it and to enrich it, and that the extended data from the vehicle can
value, and that there is revenue to be extracted. to make it available. contribute to; safety; congestion (and by
The IoT is either not [only] about big data: or it is The notion that data must be shared is extension parking and emissions/air quality);
all about big data. intuitively obvious in the case of autonomous/ road signage (real-time update of central
However, anyone looking to create and then assisted-driving vehicles and their interaction databases by in-car systems); and traffic data
generate revenue from a data stream based with infrastructure and with pedestrians and now supplied by GPS probes. She concludes,
on information harvested from some form of other road users. But the ITS concept takes [What is needed] ...cannot be a supplier/vendor
connected sensor node or nodes, would have that much further and sees those data sets relationship it needs to be a partnership.
heard a cautionary theme expressed at the merged with others about the functioning of This highlights what seems likely to be an
recent 2016 World Congress on Intelligent the city as a whole. This is difficult enough at ongoing area of tension; between a commodity
Transport Systems, Melbourne, Australia. Over the practical level; accessing data sets from in which there is an expectation of a developing
three days, the Congress Plenary sessions multiple hosts, in multiple formats, extracting market not least, because the value traded in
considered; autonomous vehicles; smart cities; the salient and useful information, without such a market will underpin the investment to
and big data. And, a repeated point made by compromising user privacy especially as, to build the networks: and which at the same time,
speakers in each of these sessions was; data be useful, much of this will have to be done works best if it is freely shared. The challenges
sharing is vital to the success of each of those in near-real-time. Securing the agreements of creating the sensor-to-cloud path might be
domains. The quote* above is from speaker to share may represent a different order of minor in comparison.

7H
41
C
1
2 D D 3D
VS N 1S
G E
8H S P 31
C 6
1
D 2 1
N 71
C
G D 4D
Follow us:
1S
4H 61 E
C 5
41

1 R 51 21
2 C R
1
5H F 51
R 4 21 6R
7 2 C
1
2
2F
61 8
R 2D
01
D 9 SE
7H N
G
41 P 3D 1T
C
1 D
2 D D 1Z 11 N
VS N 1S C G 4R
G E
8H S P 31
C 6 6R
Key Highlights
1 81
D C
AEC-Q100 Qualified
D 2 1 N 7C
N 71
C G D
G D 4D P 01 N
1S R G
4H 61 E 31 11
MonolithicPower.com
C R R
41 5
01
1 R 51 21
2 C R 11
1
2016 Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. Patents Protected. All rights reserved.
D 9R 3 D
5H F 51
R N N
4 21 G 61 G
2 C P
1 7 D
9 1S
9C
51 61 E
61 8 C 5
R
C
2
2D 6R 8C 21 21
9
01
SE 1 R
41
2
C
2
1T 3
13
D 4 21
N 4 7 C
D G
1Z 11 N P 5
C G 4R
8
C
Good EMI, Compliant with CISPR25 Class 5

14
6R
6
95% Efficiency Synchronous Mode Operation

81 2D
D C 7C 31
N D 7 3R
G
Low Dropout Voltage for Automotive Cold Crank

P 01 N
R G
6C
Wide 4V to 36V Continuous Operating Input Range

31 11 D
R R D N
N 3H 11
G
G D C
EN/SYNC
VIN
01 4C
N
11 G 6R
9R 3 3C
7H D
C1
D 7C
22F
N 61 41 N D
G C G N
C3
01
2C G
Eas
P 9 R
0.1F
1
7
51 2 D D 3D
9C VS N 1S
IN
G E
PG
P
y
8H S
2 VCC
31 01
5 4 6
8C 21
1 GND
C 1
EN/SYNC
BST
41 1 11
2 2
MPQ4423A
D
20
R4
D 2 3
SW
N
FB
G 3 N 71
C
1D
G
6
D 4D N
1
D 61
N 4 1S G
Step-Down Converter
G E 9
P 5 4H 61
C 51
C4
R3
51k
5
0.1F
6 41
L1
1 R
10H
51 21
2 C R 8C 21
31 1 41
5H F 51
D 7 R
C2
4
47F
N 2
21
C
G 7 D
6C 1 N 4
R2
G
13k
R1
2 5
41.2k
P
MPQ4423A
3.3V/3A
2F 8
4C 6
6R
VOUT
01 2D
3C 9 SE
31
1T D 7 3R
2C N
G
D 6C
1Z 11 N
C G 4R
D 3H 4C
N 1
6R
G
P 2 81
C 7C
D D
N 01 N
G R G
31 11
R R
01
11
9R 3 D
N
D G
N 61
G 9
P
51
9C
8C 21
1
41
D 2
N 3
G 2C
D 4
N
G
P 5
6
31
D 7 3R
N
G 6C
4C D
Excellent Efficiency, 36V, 3A Synchronous
N
G
3C
pulse

pulse
ARM bids to capture IoT business from silicon IP to data services
I n one move, ARM has both
created a new focus on secure
IoT applications and systems; and
system IP for, the company as-
serts, the fastest, lowest-risk path
to silicon;
plementation on ARM Artisan IoT
POP IP, for TSMCs 40ULP pro-
cess. ARM says that 40 nm, while
ARMv8-M architecture. The ma-
jority of the top ten global MCU
suppliers have already licensed
has broadened the scope of its some way behind todays leading one or both processors. Lead
operations by offering a package - secure SoC designs that embo- edge, is likely to be the sweet partners include Analog Devices,
that starts with its home ground dy ARMs TrustZone CryptoCell spot process in which IoT chips Microchip, Nuvoton, NXP, Rene-
processor IP and extends through technology; are built. sas, Silicon Labs and STMicroe-
to provision of cloud data ser- lectronics.
vices. - a wireless solution with ARM ARM says that this release is its
Cordio radio IP for IEEE802.15.4 most comprehensive product Cortex-M33 has configuration
ARM summarises its campaign as (ZigBee and Thread) and Bluetoo- suite ever, intended to deliver new options including a coprocessor
accelerating secure IoT from chip th 5. time of introduction, ARM levels of security, efficiency, low- interface, DSP and floating point
to cloud. Enabling the IoT revolu- has collaborated with foundry power connectivity and device computation, with increased per-
tion, ARM says, needs efficiency TSMC to offer an optimized im- life cycle management, adding, formance and efficiency relative
devices will need to be battery ..the IoT already runs on to Cortex-M3 and Cortex-M4. In
powered or run from energy har- ARM but the goal now 40 nm an M33 core is very small
vesting security, to protect data is scale, which we are ARM says, at under 0.1 square
from sensor to cloud, and scale. enabling today through a mm. The M33 is a general-purpo-
The package of product and ser- uniquely comprehensive se processing unit, with its range
vices includes; set of technologies and of optional features.
services built to work to-
- two specific Cortex-M proces- gether seamlessly. The Cortex-M23 is even smaller,
sors based on the ARMv8-M ar- by a further 75%, and is 50%
chitecture, to be known as M23 Bringing TrustZone to more power efficient, but includes
and M33, which come with ARMs Cortex-M processors, security for the most constrained
TrustZone technology; and to resource-limited devices. Both cores are backwar-
IoT nodes, the Cor- ds compatible with ARMv6-M and
- IP to build an IoT subsystem on tex-M23 and Cortex-M33 ARMv7-M archi-
custom SoC designs: the Core- are the first embedded tectures for direct article,
Complete
here
Link SSE200, with ARM CoreLink processors based on the and fast porting.

pulse
Fast UI prototyping for Raspberry Pi SnapUI brings high performance
to UI prototyping, with the em-
process, projects can suffer sig-
nificant delays in getting product
B yteSnap Designs user inter-

face development framework
SnapUI has been extended to
support Raspberry Pi and i.MX6-
based embedded
phasis on CPU embedded chip-
sets. The small, focused SnapUI
codebase and easy integration of
to market. SnapUI mitigates this
risk by enabling development of
the user interface independently of
devices. SnapUI new features makes adoption of the hardware, on a reference hard-
already allows the framework painless for software platform or readily available
Windows embed- ware engineers, enabling them to Raspberry Pi, ready for deploy-
ded and Linux extend built-in custom graphical ment to the target device when the
developers to build objects easily. hardware is ready. The compiled
and test user inter- When designing new hardware de- SnapUI library contains a power-
faces before hard- vices, keeping the user interface ful OpenGL engine, which renders
ware development design in step with hardware de- content optimised for Raspberry
of the target device velopment can, ByteSnap asserts, Pi hardware and achieves high
is complete. be difficult; worse, when the user frame rates with
ByteSnap Designs interface is overlooked or is the low CPU usage. Complete
article, here
latest iteration of last consideration in the design
Avnet completes acquisition of Premier Farnell deep expertise in large volume

broadline distribution with Premier
A vnet, Inc. (based in Phoenix,

Arizona) has announced that
has completed its acquisition of
Premier Farnell to be sold to Swiss
company Datwyler; at that initial
stage Premier Farnell (also ope-
gust, Avnet launched its counter-
bid, as we reported on 2nd August
2016; Avnet counterbids for Pre-
Farnells specialization in proof of
concept and design, we can of-
fer true end-to-end solutions that
Premier Farnell plc (based Leeds, rating as element14), had agreed mier Farnell and it is this bid that accelerate a customers time-to-
UK) in an all cash merger for 1.85 a sale of the company to Datwyler has ultimately prevailed. market and moves their products
per share, which equates to an Holding AG (Altdorf, Switzerland) The combination of Premier seamlessly from prototype through
equity value of approximately for a cash offer of 165 pence Farnell with Avnets components to volume production, said William
691 million. (UK1.65) per share. business will create a truly unique Amelio, Chief Executive Officer of
This completes a process com- That offer represented a premium distribution model that supports Avnet.
menced in June this year; on 15th to the prior share price of Premier customers at every stage of the Complete
article, here
June 2016 we reported Distributor Farnell of 51%. At the start of Au- product lifecycle. By pairing our

pulse
FPGA IP to embed in SoCs for function acceleration nections and can make tradeoffs
between power and performance.
O ver time, a number of efforts

have been made to integrate
a block of programmable logic
frequently been cited as holding
back the concept is the disparity
in density between FPGA struc-
Now, Achronix (Santa Clara, Cali-
fornia) has announced its Speed-
core embedded FPGA (eFPGA)
Achronix delivers a GDS II of the
Speedcore IP that engineeers in-
tegrate directly into their SoC, and
into an otherwise fully-diffused tures and fully-diffused cells and IP for integration into designers a custom, full-featured version of
system-on-chip integrated circuit, blocks. Put simplistically, if you lay SoCs. Speedcore is designed for the ACE design tools that cus-
with limited success. Now, Achro- down enough FPGA to be use- compute and network acceleration tomers use to design, verify and
nix Semiconductor says it has ful, you use a disproportionate applications and is based on the program the functionality of the
resolved the issues preventing the amount of silicon area. (The con- same architecture that is in Achro- Speedcore eFPGA. Speedcore eF-
concept being applied. verse, embedding specific blocks nixs Speedster22i FPGAs that PGA products are fully supported
Where the intention has been (for of diffused IP, such as processors have been shipping in production by Achronixs ACE
example) to provide for late de- cores e.g. Xilinx Zynq has been since 2013. design tools. Complete
article, here
sign changes, a barrier that has much more successful.) With Speedcore, designers specify
the optimal die
size, power con-
sumption and
resource config-
uration required
for their end ap-
plication. They
define the quan-
tity of look-up-
tables (LUTs),
embedded
memory blocks
and DSP blocks.
Additionally,
designers define
the Speedcore
aspect ratio,
IO port con-

pulse
Intel Atom E3900 processors: 'computing nearer the sensor' place at any point from the data
source to the cloud.
I ntel has announced the latest

generation of its Atom proces-
sors for IoT applications. The Intel
tive series will enable a complete
software defined cockpit solution
that includes in-vehicle infotain-
able in Q1 2017.
The Intel Atom processor E3900
series will make the edge and fog
With more than 1.7 times more
computing power over the previ-
ous generation the E3900 Series is
Atom processor E3900 series is ment (IVI), digital instrument clus- more intelligent - enabling many of designed to enable faster memory
designed from the ground up to ters and advanced the processing needs speeds and memory bandwidth
support the rapid development driver assistance to take place at or near to provide the efficient process-
and the growing complexity of IoT systems (ADAS) - all the data sensor and ing capability needed for edge to
businesses. The result, Intel aser- in a single, compact alleviating the need to cloud network computing. Built
ts, is a processor exceptionally and cost-effective push all processing to into a compact flip chip ball grid
capable of delivering on perfor- SoC. The A3900 series the data centre. Fog array (FCBGA) and featuring 14
mance, processing and scalability. will allow car makers computing, also known nm silicon technology, the Intel
Intel claims new levels of secu- to offer new levels of as fog networking, is Atom processor E3900 series is
rity, determinism, and image and determinism for real- a decentralized com- suitable for a wide range of IoT
video processing power for the time decision-making puting infrastructure applications, where scalable per-
MPU; there is also a variant spe- required in next-gener- in which computing formance, space
cifically intended for automotive ation cars. It is currently sampling resources and application services and power are at a article,
Complete
here
applications. The A3900 automo- with customers and will be avail- are distributed in the most logical premium.
EnOcean to bring Bluetooth LE into energy-harvested operation

E nOcean, developer of energy-
harvesting wireless tech-
nology, ha sannounced its first
wireless products in the 2.4 GHz
frequency band.
The first product in the EnOcean
is based on the established form
factor of the PTM 21x module,
invented by EnOcean, and can
powered solutions on the 2.4 GHz
frequency band for use in smart
homes and modern light control all
energy-harvesting wireless mod- 2.4 GHz BLE portfolio is the bat- be integrated into a large number over the world.
ules for 2.4 GHz BLE (Bluetooth teryless PTM 215B switch module, of existing switch designs. The Manufacturers of BLE-based
Low Energy) systems. The new which also comes with an NFC switch is also available as a white systems for the 2.4 GHz band can
modules complement the existing function for pairing and set-up, label end product. EnOcean aims now incorporate energy harvest-
EnOcean wireless technology in making it easier to train and con- to enable product manufacturing technology from EnOcean into
the sub-1 GHz band and ZigBee figure the switch. The PTM 215B ers to develop reliable and self- their portfolios and develop bat-

pulse
they choose to use the standardized PTM
21x form factor, switch manufacturers can
integrate the new 2.4 GHz module into their
existing product ranges and use main-
tenance-free BLE systems that produce
energy from motion.
EnOcean has also disclosed a change in
its branding for energy harvesting wireless
modules; the company will market its en-
ergy harvesting wireless modules and white
label products under the Dolphin brand,
with the tag line, "Dolphin
Self-powered IoT by En- Complete
article, here
teryless, room-based wireless controllers. If Ocean".
Industrial PLC reference design aimed at Industry 4.0

M axim Integrated has configured a
programmable logic controller (PLC)
development platform
much-reduced footprint in both space and
power that is possible relative to previous-
generation products. The
and reference design Pocket IO PLC Devel-
that demonstrates all of opment Platform can,
the functional blocks the Maxim says, help trans-
company has to offer for form traditional manu-
the erea in which every facturing processes with
node in the factory will real-time intelligence,
be connected, with ac- adaptive manufacturing,
cess to the cloud. and distributed control,
As well as incorporating giving designers the
an increased function set for the Industry ability to achieve the smallest form factor
4.0 context, the design demonstrates the and highest power efficiency for next-gen-

pulse
eration PLC designs. As well as tion. provides the following key advan- facturing flexibility allows for real-
being called on to deliver always- Maxims Pocket IO PLC supports tages to increase productivity: time changes and adjustments to
on operation with real-time data real-time intelligence to quickly - Real-time intelligence: Fast data avoid potential downtime.
gathering, PLCs require fan-less and effectively make decisions, processing provides the necessary - Distributed control: Ultra-small
operation due to harsh industrial adaptive manufacturing to avoid data to make intelligent decisions footprint of less than 10 cubic
environments. As a result, highly potential downtime, and distribut- quickly and effectively to optimize inches and smart
efficient power solutions are re- ed control to provide redundancy; yield. energy Complete
article, here
quired to minimize heat dissipa- features include; The Pocket IO - Adaptive manufacturing: Manu-
Linaro organisation, with ARM, aims for end-end open source cused on delivering an end to
end, cross-vendor solution for
W ith the objective of produc-

ing reference software for
more secure connected products,
work to reduce fragmentation in
operating systems, middleware
and cloud connectivity solutions,
devices is a critical need to deliver
on the promise of the IoT market,
the organisation says. Today,
secure IoT devices using the ARM
Cortex-M architecture. This will
include a bootloader, RTOS plat-
ranging from sensors and con- and will deliver open product vendors are form, security, communications,
nected controllers to smart devic- source device refer- faced with a proliferation middleware and a choice of ap-
es and gateways, for the industrial ence platforms to enable of choices for IoT device plication programming tools. LITE
and consumer markets, Linaro faster time to market, im- operating systems, se- will also work on Cortex-A based
has announced LITE: Collabora- proved security and lower mainte- curity infrastructure, identification, smart device and gateway solu-
tive Software Engineering for the nance costs for connected prod- communication, device manage- tions for IoT using
Internet of Things (IoT). ucts. Industry interoperability of ment and cloud interfaces. Linux. Complete
article, here
Linaro and the LITE members will diverse, connected and secure IoT Initial technical work will be fo-
Innovative use of MEMS for mid-range pressure sensing tem design benefits.
Available as a bare die, the
M elexis' (Tessenderlo, Bel-

gium) MLX90819 sensor
IC is targeted at measuring mid
machined solution with accurate
sensor functionality, integrated
signal processing and analogue or
sector with this design, apply-
ing its MEMS technology to an
area that had not been previously
MLX90819 runs off a standard 5V
supply. It can be employed to ac-
curately determine fluid pressure
pressure (10-50 bar) levels; it SENT outputs. adequately served by a fully inte- levels in wide variety of automo-
employs a compact, robust micro- Melexis aims to revolutionize the grated sensor solution, with sys- tive and industrial focused appli-

pulse
cations. These include earity across its entire operational care of directly. A 16-bit analogue-
the monitoring of engine pressure range. to-digital converter, 12-bit digital-
oil, transmission oil, By using a more advanced pro- to-analogue and 16-bit processor
engine coolant, vehicle cess technology the MLX90819 core are embedded directly into
fuel lines, air condition- is able to use a microcontroller each sensor IC.
ing refrigerant and truck based architecture. This allows a This robust IC is suited to both
air brake pressures. The much higher degree of sophistica- heavy duty industrial and au-
IC delivers a relative tion to be incorporated onto the tomotive deployment, with full
pressure value. It has a semiconductor die - with all digital AECQ100 compliance and a spec-
1 msec response time, processing, data conversion, tem- ified temperature
plus 2.5% over life perature offset, gain compensa- range of -40C to Complete
article, here
accuracy and 0.2% lin- tion and filtering tasks being taken 150C.
Siemens gateway; industrial IoT launch-point Linux, to benefit from program-

ming in high-level languages such
D istributor RS Components
is to be sole supplier of Sie-
mens' SIMATIC IOT2020 IoT gate-
says it is extending its portfolio of
industrial IoT (Internet of Things)
devices with the exclusive supply
ing the simplest way for engineers
to get started with the industrial
IoT and meet the challenges of an
as Java, C++ and JSON. This
openness enables various com-
munication possibilities to further
way targeting arrangement. increasingly connected world. The automation hardware or sensors
industrial engineers, education RS comments that a key global IOT2020 is an open and flexible via Modbus, PROFINET or other
and the maker community; RS trend in IoT technology open IoT gateway that is designed for protocols, or even the direct con-
source software, continuous industrial operation nection to cloud solutions via
including easy-to-use and comes with the appropriate MQTT or AMQP. In addition to the
IDEs, and ever-improv- certificates. It can be used to re- on-board interfaces the IOT2020
ing hardware. Siemens trieve, process, analyse and send is expandable with Arduino shields
and RS joined forces data to almost any kind of device and via an on-board PCIe port.
to offer an IoT plat- or network due to its various inter- The 89.00 device, which is an
form for the engineers faces including Ethernet, USB and industrial certified product with UL
of tomorrow, and the micro SD. The gateway is compat- and CE approval,
IOT2020 encapsulates ible with open source software is suited for edu- Complete
article, here
these trends, provid- such as the Arduino IDE and Yocto cational purposes.

pulse
Printed electronics pioneer funded to commercialise FlexLogIC
P ragmatIC is a Cambridge,
UK-based company that has
been developing a technology
readiness; investors include pack-
aging and label-
ling giant Avery
a whole new world of computing'.
It is built around a
planar nano-tran-
this maintains critical spatial rela-
tionships even on substrates that
bend and stretch. The process is
for printing electronics with all Dennison, and sistor in which the capable of complexity of [at least]
circuit element, including transis- follow-on invest- conducting chan- enough construct an RF or NFC
tors and other active devices on ment from ARM nel and gate struc- tag. Among the company's claims
flexible substrates, with the aim of and Cambridge ture are co-planar. for its process are that it can be
producing very low cost devices Innovation Capi- Circuitry is laid 1/10th the cost of silicon, and in
for areas such as wearables, and tal. down in layers that many applications can product a
smart packaging. The company regards its technol- are of the order of 100 nm thick, circuit for under 1.
The company has attracted fund- ogy as an enabler for the Internet and have feature sizes of the same (Images are from
ing of 18million (UK Pounds) to of Things and will according to order. A type of self-alignment is PragmatIC's Complete
article, here
take the technology to production Mike Muller, CTO of ARM open up inferred, and the company says website)
SoCs and development kits for vehicle-to-everything comms ers can now develop systems that
support the corresponding V2X
R enesas Electronics has an-

nounced vehicle-to-vehicle
and vehicle-to-infrastructure com-
munication systems. One of the
solutions includes the R-Car W1R
760 MHz band wireless SoC for
the Japanese, U.S., and European
markets. The other solution con-
sists of the W2H SoC combined
standard for the Japanese, U.S.,
and European markets. Renesas
also delivers development starter
munication system solutions; they the Japanese with the R-Car kits that will enable system devel-
implement real-time processing market, and W2R 5.9 GHz opers to immediately start ap-
and and pre-warning of informa- the new R-Car band wireless plication software development,
tion covering 360 degrees around W2H SoC that communication leading to significant reductions
the vehicle. features a high- SoC developed in the development period for V2X
Renesas' introductions include performance for U.S. and Eu- systems.
two system-on-chips (SoCs) that security engine ropean markets. Renesas' wireless communica-
will ease the development process that is needed By combining tions SoC kits comprise;
for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and for V2X systems these new SoCs, - R-Car W1R: Wireless commu-
vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) com- designed for system develop- nications SoC that supports the

pulse
Japanese communications stan- standards (5.9 GHz band) - R-Car W1R + R-Car W2H kit: Implements V2V and V2I commu-
dards (760 MHz band). - R-Car W2H: V2X communica- Implements V2V and V2I communication systems for the European
- R-Car W2R: Wireless communi- tions processor SoC that supports nication systems for the Japanese and US markets.
cations SoC that supports the Eu- the Japanese, US, and European market. Complete
article, here
ropean and US communications security standards. - R-Car W2R + R-Car W2H kit:
ST opens up Cortex-M7 designs with development system expansion

S TMicroelectronics has intro-
duced STM32F7 microcon-
troller lines and added accessories
streamline development of con-
nected appli-
cations. The
Flash memory with 256 kB RAM.
Pin, package,
and software
based on the STM32F769, with
expansion connectors that include
an 8-pin socket for Wi-Fi modules.
and options to the development STM32F732 and compatibil- The kit supports Power over Eth-
ecosystem, easing access to high- STM32F733 ity between the ernet (PoE). Other features include
performance embedded design variants come new devices a 512-Mbit Quad-SPI (QSPI) Flash
based on the ARM Cortex-M7 with extra cryp- and higher-end interface and new accessories
core. tographic fea- STM32F7 vari- that enhance flexibility and ex-
The latest STM32F722 and ST- tures on-chip, ants with 256 kB tend application reach, including
M32F723 microcontrollers in the such as an to 2 MB Flash the B-LCDAD-RPI1 15-pin single
very high-performance STM32F7 efficient AES256 memory and row Flexible Printed Circuit DSI
series reduce memory footprint HW engine. There are package 256 kB to 512 kB RAM in pack- adapter board and B-LCDAD-HD-
by integrating value-added fea- options from a 64-pin LQFP up to ages up to 216-pin TFBGA sim- MI1 DSI-to-HDMI adapter, which
tures including code-execution 176-pin LQFP or UFBGA for proj- plifies design scaling for product attach a variety of
protection and high-speed USB ects demanding high I/O count, differentiation and future-proofing. displays. Complete
article, here
physical-layer (PHY) circuitry that and 256 kB or 512 kB of on-chip ST is also adding a Discovery Kit,
Silicon Labs takes IoT RTOS in-house with Micrium purchase tools will continue to be available
to all silicon partners worldwide,
S ilicon Labs has announced

that it is acquiring RTOS spe-
cialist Micrium. Silabs comments
that this, helps simplify IoT de-
sign for all developers by combin-
ing a leading, commercial-grade
embedded RTOS with Silicon
Labs IoT expertise and solutions.
Micriums RTOS and software
giving customers a wide range of
options, even when using non-Sil-
icon Labs hardware. Micrium will

pulse
continue to fully support existing pendability, impeccable source has a global footprint with more electronics, avionics, communica-
as well as new customers. code and extensive documenta- than 250,000 downloads across all tions, consumer electronics and
Micrium's flagship C/OS RTOS tion. Micriums RTOS software embedded vertical markets, with industrial control.
family is (Silabs says) recognized has been ported to more than 50 solutions certified to meet safety- Complete
article, here
for reliability, performance, de- microcontroller architectures and critical standards for medical
Energy-efficient biomedical sensor hub for wearables plications such as impedance-

tomography, body fluid analysis
B elgian research centre imec,

and the associated Holst Cen-
tre have designed a sensor hub
be easily
integrated
in new in-
channels,
photo-
plethys-
and stroke volume measurements,
and three reconfigurable channels.
Imecs and Holst Centres SoC
integrated as a system-on-chip novative mography combines advanced biomedical
(SoC) intended for a broad range designs (PPG), gal- readouts, supported by an ARM
of wearable health devices and enabling vanic skin Cortex M0+ controller and accel-
applications. maximum response erators for sample-rate conver-
The SoC combines an unprec- user com- (GSR), sion, matrix processing, data com-
edented number of biomedical fort. two multi- paction, and power management
analogue interfaces into a single The bio- frequency circuitry (PMIC). The PMIC oper-
chip, with on-board digital signal medical bio-imped- ates from a battery source (2.9-
processing, high fidelity operation, analogue ance (BIO- 4.5V) and generates the required
and multi-day monitoring capabil- interfaces Z) channels voltages for the
ity with a single battery. Thanks to include to support readout IC. Complete
article, here
its small form factor, the SoC can three ECG new ap-

RTOS FOR IOT
WHY DO YOU NEED AN RTOS IN AN IOT WORLD?

By Stefan Ingenhaag, Renesas Electronics Europe
A n RTOS is an important element in enabling

rapid, responsive and reliable functionality
that facilitate internet connectivity.
There are more things than ever on the web
today thanks to the rise of smart devices. We
have networked everything from mobile phones
within integrated development environments.
Using a tried and tested proven solution for
multitasking support and internet connectivity
to home automation and security services. reduces the debugging and testing require-
Even our lights and refrigerators are becoming ments. This will go a long way towards mitigat-
aware of their environment and attach to the ing the risk of problems with interoperability,
cloud with reams of data enhancing our digital while simultaneously easing the time crunch
ecosystem. Most recently biometric monitor- associated with bringing a product to market.
ing has joined this conversation with wearables As seen in the chart (Figure 1), the time that
and other sensing devices monitoring everyday engineers and designers are given to complete
life. This growing and evolving consumer mar- a task has remained stagnant over the last five
ket requires rapid turn-around times to realize years, increasing just 1% since 2011.
product opportunities. To accelerate delivery
timeframes, designers are exploiting existing, RTOS vs OS
off-the-shelf software over proprietary solu- Should you use an OS or an RTOS? The line is
tions, and must overcome the hurdles associ- becoming increasingly blurred. Understanding
ated with embedded design how an RTOS facilitates connecting devices to
the Internet of Things requires an understand-
RTOS, the proven solution ing of what an RTOS is and how is differenti-
An off-the-shelf RTOS provides a proven solu- ates from a generic alternative. The key aspect
tion for critical layers of the software stack. This that differentiates these is responsiveness.
frees developers to focus efforts on the innova- Responsiveness is crucial to empowering de-
tive functionality that differentiates the product. vices in meeting the performance expectations
Engineering teams typically only need to con- of edge applications that incorporate low level
figure inbuilt capabilities to suit their particular hardware interfacing. An RTOS helps devices
requirements and proceed with implementa- manage software tasks in a way that improves
tion. This is further accelerated by the use of their ability to meet timing requirements. A real
well documented APIs that find direct support time OS is a specially optimized process man-

RTOS FOR IOT
PM2.5
CO2 VOC
RH / T
Figure 1. Time allocated to embedded system design tasks. Source: UBM Electronics Embedded Markets
Study 2015
agement service that enables tency and determinism to events The article continues by explor-
timely task context switching. than a generic OS and this is ing the aspects ot real time that
Timeliness is expressed as la- why they can be found running are pertinent in the IoT context,
tency and determinism mea- on devices handling time critical, and notes the advantages of
sures of the speed of switching hardware specific event process- using an off-the-shelf solution.
between tasks and the time vari- ing and digital signal processing Click for pdf.
ance or jitter in the transition. An algorithms.
RTOS can respond with lower la-
Download PDF Find RTOS for the IoT

of Article on EETsearch

Analog Tips
LOW NOISE OR LOW POWER? YES! BY MARK LOONEY, ANALOG DEVICES
A survey of MEMS
accelerometers reveals that
the lowest noise and lowest power
key uncertainty criteria, the time it
takes to fill that array has a direct
impact on the overall settling time.
six times lower than the energy
requirement for the low-power
component (ELP).
continuous operation. Second, for
measurement cycle times that are
greater than ~0.13 seconds, the
are not available in the same For example, the Allan Variance ADXL355 solution will consume
product at this time. curve in the ADXL355 datasheet less power. The bottom line is that
suggests that an averaging time with an open mind, sometimes
When comparing a low-noise of 0.01 seconds will reduce its we can achieve the lowest power
accelerometer, such as the uncertainty to less than 100 solution, by using the lowest-noise
ADXL355, with a popular low- g. Achieving a similar level of (highest performing) components.
power accelerometer, the uncertainty in the low-power
ADXL355 presents the following sensor will require an averaging Equation 3 captures the power
trade-offs: time that is 81 times longer dissipation that will come from
than the ADXL355, since noise these energy levels, with respect
- At 20 g/Hz, the noise density reduction in an averaging filter is to the time between each
is 9x lower. proportional to the square root of measurement (T).
- At 338 W, the power dissipation the averaging time.
is ~13x higher.
Equations 1 and 2 quantify this
For applications that will power trade-off in terms of the energy
cycle their sensors to save energy it takes for each sensor/filter
when they are not in use, the combination to support this
noise/power relationship can level of precision in a single The graphical view of this Figure 1. Power dissipation vs
actually be quite different. This data record. The results of this relationship (Figure 1) offers a measurement cycle time
difference comes from a source estimation are quite interesting, couple of interesting observations.
that may be surprising to some: because the much shorter First, at measurement cycle
settling time. In applications that averaging time (tLP = 81 x tADXL355) times (T) that are lower than
need to average a sequential causes the energy requirement 0.81 seconds, the low-power
array of sensor data to achieve for the ADXL355 (EADXL355) to be device will be supporting

MIXED-SIGNAL PROGRAMMABLES
PULSE OXIMETRY USING A PROGRAMMABLE MIXED SIGNAL ARRAY IC

By Ahmed Asim Ghouri, Silego Technology
P ulse oximetry is a simple non-invasive

method of monitoring the percentage of
haemoglobin (Hb) which is saturated with oxy-
looks for the slight change in the overall colour
caused by a beat of the heart pushing arterial
blood into the finger.
gen. The pulse oximeter consists of a probe
attached to the patients finger or ear lobe This change in colour is very small so pulse
which is linked to a processing unit. The unit oximeters work best when there is a good
displays the percentage of Hb saturated with strong pulse in the finger when the probe is on.
oxygen together with an audible signal for each If the peak signal value is too low the measured
pulse beat, a calculated heart rate and in some oxygen saturation may not be reliable and with
models, a graphical display of the blood flow lower signal peak value the pulse oximeter will
past the probe. Audible alarms which can be not be able to work; to acquire a strong sig-
programmed by the user are provided. nal output from the IR sensor pulse oximeter Figure 1. Absorption of red light and infra-red
increase the intensity of RED and IR LEDs in light (Twonsend, 2001)
The colour of blood varies depending on successive steps.
how much oxygen it contains. A pulse oximeter A typical pulse oximeter utilizes an electronic
shines two beams of light through a finger (or Oxygen concentration processor and a pair of small light-emitting
earlobe etc.), one beam is red light (which you A Pulse-oximeter monitor displays the percent- diodes (LEDs) facing a photodiode through a
can see when a pulse oximeter is used), one is age of blood that is loaded with oxygen. More translucent part of the patients body, usually
infrared light (which you dont see). (Netter T, specifically, it measures what percentage of a fingertip or an earlobe. One LED is red, with
2004) hemoglobin (Tilakaratna, n.d.), the protein in wavelength of 660 nm, and the other is infra-
blood that carries oxygen, is loaded. Accept- red with a wavelength of 940 nm. Absorption of
These two beams of light can let the pulse able normal ranges for patients without pulmo- light at these wavelengths differs significantly
oximeter detect what colour the arterial blood nary pathology are from 95 to 99 percent. For a between blood loaded with oxygen and blood
is and it can then work out the oxygen satura- patient breathing room air at or near sea level, lacking oxygen. Oxygenated haemoglobin ab-
tion. However there are lots of other parts of a an estimate of arterial pO2 can be made from sorbs more infrared light and allows more red
finger which will absorb light (such as venous the blood-oxygen monitor saturation of pe- light to pass through. Deoxygenated haemoglo-
blood, bone, skin, muscle etc.), so to work out ripheral oxygen (SpO2) reading. bin allows more infrared light to pass through
the colour of the arterial blood a pulse oximeter and absorbs more red light. The LEDs se-

MIXED-SIGNAL PROGRAMMABLES
quence through their cycle of one on, then the the processor via a lookup table based on the There are several components which contrib-
other, then both off, about thirty times per sec- BeerLambert law. The hardware and software ute to the absorption of light, listed below :
ond which allows the photodiode to respond to acquire SpO2 data will be included in the 1. Oxygenated haemoglobin in the blood
to the red and infrared light separately and also further extension of this application note. 2. De-oxygenated haemoglobin
adjust for the ambient light baseline. (Pulse 3. Absorption that is not from arterial blood
oximetry, n.d.) The amount of light that is trans- Signal processing 4. O
ptical attenuation due to scattering, geo-
mitted (in other words, that is not absorbed) is Some initial signal processing is required when metric factors etc.
measured, and separate normalized signals are trying to extract oxygen concentration from
produced for each wavelength. These signals the signal coming from a finger sensor. The Figure 4 shows the main block diagram of the
fluctuate in time because the amount of arte- calculations follow Beer-Lambert Law Pulse Oximeter application using the GreenPak
rial blood that is present increases (literally (Matviyenko, 2011) to assess the percentage device, SLG46140.
pulses) with each heartbeat. By subtracting the of the oxygenated blood. Mathematically given
minimum transmitted light from the peak trans- as:
mitted light in each wavelength, the effects
of other tissues is corrected for. The ratio of
the red light measurement to the infrared light Figure 3 shows how light is absorbed in the
measurement is then calculated by the proces- finger.
sor (which represents the ratio of oxygenated Figure 4. Block diagram
haemoglobin to deoxygenated haemoglobin), of the pulse oximeter
and this ratio is then converted to SpO2 by
This detailed article continues to show how

the single mixed-signal programmable part gen-
erates drive signals for both IR and RED LEDs,
and how the ADC within the device will sample
the IR Sensor output and send data serially out.
Click for pdf.
Figure 3. Absorption of light (Matviyenko, 2011)
Download PDF Find Mixed signal array IC for oximetry

Figure 2. Pulse-oximeter finger probe of Article on EETsearch

GAN FETS
HIGH-PERFORMANCE GAN-BASED 48-V TO 1-V CONVERSION FOR POL APPLICATIONS

By Alberto Doronzo, Texas Instruments
4 8V to point-of-load (PoL) conversion is

common in numerous markets, including
telecommunications, industrial, aerospace, and
GaNs advantages are strongly evident during
single-stage conversion, with higher efficiency
and smaller size than traditional solutions, while
increasingly, server environments. The preva- simultaneously reducing bill of materials (BOM)
lent system solution is a two-stage conversion count and systems cost. In this article, I will
from 48V to an intermediate bus (9V to 12V) discuss the design of a 48-V to 1.0-V PoL 50-A
and then to PoL, typically 0.8V to 3.3V. converter using a GaN half-bridge module and
a high-performance controller for the single-
Data centre operators are particularly inter- stage topology, achieving efficiency exceeding
ested in single-stage 48-V to low-voltage DC/ 90%.
DC conversion and its associated efficiency
gains, because data centres may consume as Introduction
much as 140 TWh of power usage in the U.S. GaN devices provide stronger performance and
yearly by 2020 [Ref. 1], or about 3.5%t [Ref. more ideal switching characteristics compared
2] of overall U.S. power usage. The PoL in the to silicon. GaN enables more efficient and
application discussed in this article includes smaller power systems. However, the greatest
general-purpose and application-specific benefit of GaN does not come from a direct
processors, field-programmable gate arrays silicon substitution in an existing topology; the
(FPGAs) and application-specific integrated key to using GaN is to identify applications and
circuits (ASICs). converter topologies that specifically harness
GaNs advantages. With GaNs low switching Figure 1. GaN solution versus a silicon
While the limitations of silicon-based convert- loss and zero reverse recovery, hard-switched traditional solution.
ers force a two-stage solution, new gallium ni- half-bridge topologies show noticeable per-
tride (GaN) devices enable single-stage conver- formance improvements. One of the strongest
sion. Two key design requirements are efficient application areas for GaN is in the 48-V input In 48-V telecommunications and server appli-
power conversion and ultra-fast load transient converter space, targeting telecom and indus- cations, there is strong demand for conversion
response of the ASIC/processor core rails. trial customers as well as aerospace and server down to PoL in order to power processing-in-
applications. tensive cores such as microprocessors, FPGAs

GAN FETS
and ASICs. Traditionally, the conversion from An isolated half-bridge with a cur-
48V down to PoL uses a two-stage approach. rent-doubler output topology is ex-
This entails a brick-type bus converter perform- tremely advantageous for this type of
ing an isolated conversion between 48V and an application, as shown in Figure 1. In
intermediate voltage such as 12V or 9V using a this topology, a GaN half-bridge (using
hard-switched half-bridge or full-bridge topol- the LMG5200) connects to the trans-
ogy, or a resonant topology such as inductor- former, which is referenced to a split
inductor-capacitor (LLC). Next, a multiphase capacitor network to provide voltage
buck converter converts down to PoL at up to balancing.
200A, while handling the transient response
requirements of a highly dynamic digital load. The secondary side connects in a
current-doubler synchronous rectifier,
The traditional solutions beginning-to-end ef- which enables better heat distribu-
ficiency is a product of the two individual stag- tion, a simpler transformer design and
es. With the first stage peak efficiency of 96% the advantage of foregoing high-side
and the multiphase buck stage peak efficiency switches, as both are ground refer-
Figure 2. This figure shows a half-bridge with current-
close to 92%, the total efficiency is only 88% enced. Since the charging current of doubler output.
(Figure 1) at frequency ranges between 100 the capacitor is the sum of the two
to 200 kHz. The two-stage solution also has a inductor currents, which are 180 out of phase, ferred choice is GaN FETs, as they present the
larger board-area footprint. the output voltage ripple is halved. advantage of zero recovery loss. Alternatively,
using silicon FETs requires very tight dead-time
A single-stage approach would improve Figure 2 shows synchronous rectifiers in- control.
efficiency and reduce board area. While this stead of diodes. The average current through
has been the desired target for a long time, these rectifiers can reach 25A, which a diode This article continues by demonstrating the
silicon-based designs have not demonstrated would not be capable of sustaining in an ap- waveforms in the conversion path, and looking
a compelling solution. GaN enables an elegant plication. Note that the rectifiers will be operat- at hardware design, converter efficiency and
new topology that offers PoL-level transient ing in continuous conduction mode and will be dynamic performance click for pdf.
response from a single, efficient 48-V to PoL subject to reverse recovery; therefore, the pre-
conversion stage, while running at higher fre-
quencies close to 600 kHz, further aiding size
Download PDF Find GaN FETs for POL applications
reduction.
of Article on EETsearch

POWER OVER ETHERNET
IMPLEMENTING IEEES 802.3BT 71W POE STANDARD - NOW

By Christopher Gobok, Linear Technology
W ith Power over Ethernet (PoE) being a

popular and mature technology, its no
surprise that Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE)
the original IEEE 802.3af PoE standard that
~13W would be available at the PD inputs
RJ-45 jack. Since then, the market has contin-
lighting manufacturer, who only produced ceil-
ing units controlled by wall switches, but can
now produce PoE-enabled units that will help
and Powered Device (PD) developers are eager ued to demand more power. So, in 2009, the pave the way for smart homes or buildings.
to jump onto the next IEEE bandwagon and IEEE PoE Task Force revised the standard and Whether more power evolves or revolutionizes
start delivering higher levels of power down released IEEE 802.3at (also known as PoE+), the end product, there is clearly more market
Ethernet cables. However, as with many indus- which increased the maximum PD power level potential with each iteration of the PoE stan-
try standards, IEEE PoE standards often finalize to 25.5W. Fast-forward to today and it is ex- dard.
much later than is needed by the market. pected that the current revision, IEEE 802.3bt
draft 2.0 (also known as PoE++ or 4PPoE), will Changes to the PSE-PD link
The latest timeline from the IEEE PoE Task provide PDs with up to 71W of power. As you might have already guessed, 4PPoE
Force shows the 71W 802.3bt standard wont stands for 4-pair PoE, since 802.3bt takes
be ready until early 2018. Thats a long time With more power, developers can easily add advantage of all four twisted pairs in the Eth-
to wait in technology years, which can easily more features and upgrade existing products. ernet cable to transmit power up to 100m; in
translate to missed business opportunities or Take the security camera as an example of an older PoE standards, 4-pair power delivery
markets. So, what are PSE and PD develop- application that has evolved throughout the was non-compliant. See Figure 1 for a typi-
ers supposed to do in this case? Why, design PoE years. With only 13W available, the first cal block diagram of an IEEE 802.3bt PSE-PD
and manufacture now of course! Developers PoE-powered security cameras were simple link. Cabling requirements are still not com-
who want to be first to the 802.3bt market have stationary units. However, when 25.5W was pletely defined, but cabling committees and
Linear Technologys LT4295 IEEE 802.3bt PD allocated by 802.3at, extra power was available manufacturers are guessing that 802.3bt will
controller available to them today, compliant to to drive multiple embedded motors which pro- require at least Category 5E cabling in order to
draft 2.0 of the standard. vided security cameras with pan, tilt and zoom support the increased power levels while op-
capabilities. Now, with 802.3bts 71W to tap erating with 10GBASE-T (10 Gbit/sec Ethernet
More power, more potential into, pan-tilt-zoom security cameras can also data speed). In any case, because we are now
Not surprisingly, the main focus for the IEEE integrate fans and heating elements to support reaching the current handling limitations of the
PoE Task Force and developers has been how operation at extreme temperatures. For some, Ethernet cable, you may have to pay attention
much power is ultimately provided to PDs. In higher PoE power levels may unlock distinctly to cabling-system performance characteristics
2003, the IEEE PoE Task Force established in new markets. For example, a traditional LED that were previously ignored.

POWER OVER ETHERNET
a particular bulb will draw less than its class

The 802.3bt detection process has been ex- power.
panded to be able to differentiate, not only that
the connected PD is an 802.3-compliant PD,
but also to determine whether a single or dual
signature PD is connected. As such, detec-
tion is now augmented by a Connection Check
to determine the single or dual signature PD
configuration.
Figure 1. Typical block diagram of an IEEE 802.3bt introduces four new high power PD
802.3bt PSE-PD link classes, bringing the total number of single-
signature classes to nine as shown in Table 1.
802.3bt introduces two new PD topologies: Classes 5 through 8 are new to PoE and trans-
single-signature and dual-signature. That is, late to PD power levels ranging from 40.0W to
a single-signature PD is an 802.3bt PD that 71.0W. PSEs still have their choice of using
shares the same detection signature, classi- the physical layer (i.e. 5-event classification for
fication signature and maintain power signa- 71W) or data link layer (i.e. link layer discovery
ture (MPS) between both pairsets, whereas a protocol, LLDP) to classify PDs, and PDs still Table 1. IEEE 802.3bt PD classes and power
dual-signature PD is an 802.3bt PD that has need to be able to support both classification levels
independent signatures between both pairsets. schemes in order to be compliant. 802.3bt
New 802.3bt designs will, no doubt, gravitate PDs may also implement an optional extension
towards the simpler and more cost-effective of the physical layer classification, known as This article continues by exploring low-power
single-signature topology, which only calls for a Autoclass, where an 802.3bt PSE measures the configurations, how the new standard may
single PD interface. Dual-signature PDs require actual maximum power draw of a connected maximise available power, and backward-com-
two parallel PD interfaces, one for each pairset, PD. This handy power management feature patibility issue, ansets out what is practical to
where the power from two PSEs are summed allows, for example, a PSE to allocate leftover market immediately. Click for pdf download.
together after each PD interface. Essentially, power to additional light bulbs if it knows that
the dual-signature topology uses, for example,
two 25.5W PDs to make a single 51W PD a
Download PDF Find POE 802.3BT 71W Standard
complex solution that can cost twice as much
as a single-signature 51W PD. of Article implementations on EETsearch

DESIGN TOOLS
OPTIMIZED FOR ADAS APPLICATIONS: NEW COMPILER CHALLENGES

By Dr. Alexander Herz, Tasking
T he compiler is a key tool for the cost-

efficient design of ADAS (advanced driver
assistance systems) applications. However, the
tools currently available must be better adapted
to this challenging task. This includes consid-
ering the code structures and specific safety
requirements typical of ADAS applications.
When planning a compiler technology road-

map, you will inevitably touch the issue of
advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS),
which all major OEMs and software suppliers Figure 1. The spectrum of sensor inputs that Figure 2. Real world sensor data comprises
of the automotive industry are committed to. A will contribute to the overall ADAS data flow. signal plus noise, and processing is required to
closer look, though, will raise some questions: extract the wanted information.
What requirements are placed on compilers
and toolsets by ADAS applications? Are these In the past, it was common to process only
things related at all? What are the differences individual measurements from specific actua- Quite frequently, data from different sources
between traditional automotive applications tors (steering angle, pedal positions, various are consolidated (sensor fusion) for reduced
and ADAS applications? engine sensors, etc.) in real time. As is common error susceptibility. In order to automatically
with physical measurements, the environmental make decisions on behalf of the driver, a tre-
ADAS applications as a challenge data acquired for ADAS applications are sub- mendous amount of data must be processed in
To better support the task of driving autono- ject to noise (Figure 2) and measurement errors. real time. For instance, camera images (approx.
mously, vehicles need to be much more aware Therefore, they require electronic post-process- 340 kbps) or radar data (approx. 1.5 Mbps)
of their surroundings. Several new sensors ing by hardware and software before they can are often provided as floating-point numbers
(Radar, Lidar, cameras, etc.) can be used to be used for their ultimate purpose, which is to (floats/doubles). Traditionally, only isolated sen-
detect road markings, other vehicles, obstacles automatically offload decisions from the driver. sor data (involving only some integer or fixed-
and other relevant environmental data with high point numbers with 1 - 5 kbps) needed to be
resolution (Figure 1). processed. Therefore, it is immediately appar-

DESIGN TOOLS
ent that ADAS applications require a lot more (Drive PX) provide adequate computational the risks outlined above. On the other hand,
processing power than traditional applications. power in the Teraflops range for the data-paral- portable and high-level design methods are
lel parts of ADAS applications. However, apart necessary to enable cost-effective application
Currently, it is very hard to predict which from lacking sufficient safety features, these development. These high level design require-
high-performance hardware architectures will devices are rather cost-intensive regarding their ments mandate modifications of the embed-
prevail for these kinds of applications. However, power consumption and purchasing price. Typi- ded compilers that were originally designed for
it is clear that compiler support will be required cal architectures for safety-critical applications traditional embedded applications.
for all architectures because ADAS applica- up to ASIL-D (incl. AURIX or RH850) have not
tions must be produced in a reusable and yet utilized some hardware based opportunities This brings us back to the initial question
cost-efficient manner. This mandates the use of to achieve higher data rates because these will concerning which new capabilities an embed-
abstract, portable design methodologies (e.g. be hard to certify according to ASIL-D. ded compiler must provide in order to meet the
C++11/14), model-based design and additional above-mentioned requirements. A necessary,
technologies including parallel programming OEMs or large suppliers of ADAS systems new compiler feature is the need to support the
(e.g. OpenCL, Pthreads). Furthermore, highly are therefore in danger of selecting an architec- typical code structures of ADAS applications
optimized, certified libraries will be required ture that may fail in the market because it is too in order to create highly-efficient code for this
to implement standard operations efficiently, large, too expensive or cannot meet the safety kind of application.
safely and with maximum hardware indepen- requirements. On the other hand, there is a
dence. risk to select an architecture that fully supports This article continues with a discussion of
safety-critical applications but is too small for the structure to be expected of the code in an
As ADAS applications intervene with the the more demanding computations. During the ADAS application, and looks at compiler op-
driving process, these applications and the development process, it might turn out that the timizations, especially as they relate to writing
hardware used to execute them must adhere envisioned application cannot be implemented effective and dependable parallel code. Click
to relevant safety standards (ASIL-B or higher; for efficiency reasons. for pdf
ISO 26262).
Thus, the requirements of ADAS projects are
Finding a suitable hardware quite complex. On the one hand, it is manda-
architecture tory to create very efficient, target specific
There is a risk for companies developing ADAS code, to meet all safety goals and to minimize
applications, associated with the fact that no
specific hardware architecture has prevailed
Download PDF Find Compilers for ADAS
until now. In general, major hardware accel-
erators including the NVIDIA GPU derivatives of Article on EETsearch

SIC FETS
FORMULA E SHOWCASES AUTOMOTIVE EFFICIENCY & PERFORMANCE GAINS THROUGH SIC

By Arun Kumar, Rohm Semiconductor
S iC, Silicon Carbide, which has for many

years attracted attention due to its superior
characteristics and performance over silicon, is
high-efficiency power source devices.
SiC SBDs featuring breakdown
voltages from 600V and up are readily
being increasingly researched and adopted in available. Compared to silicon FRDs
a variety of applications in the industrial, auto- (Fast Recovery Diodes), SiC SBDs
motive, railway, consumer, and other sectors in provide much lower reverse recov-
order to improve energy savings and efficiency. ery current and recovery time, which
Formula E, one of the worlds first all-elec- translates to significantly reduced re-
tronic motor racing series held by FIA, pre- covery loss and noise emissions. Fur-
sented a prime opportunity for showcasing the thermore, unlike silicon FRDs, these
performance advantages of SiC in EVs. With characteristics do not change signifi-
Season 3 recently underway [at time of writing] cantly over current or operating tem- Figure 1. Hybrid module circuit diagram utilizing Rohm SiC
on October 9, 2016 in Hong Kong, the chal- perature, allowing system designers SBDs (for Season 3)
lenge was to find the most efficient method of to improve efficiency, lower the size of
transferring energy provided by the battery to heat sinks, and increase switching frequency to weight by 2 kg
the road. To accomplish this, Rohm partnered reduce the size and cost of magnetics. Improved efficiency - Electric efficiency is
with Formula E team Venturi to incorporate SiC SiC SBDs are increasingly applied to circuits increased by 1.7% while the volume of heat
Schottky Barrier Diodes (SBDs) in the drive in- such as PFC (Power Factor Correction) and dissipation components reduces by 30%.
verter (Figure 1) to enhance the performance of the secondary side of bridge rectifiers in switch Beyond SiC MOSFETs, SiC modules and
the powertrain system by significantly improv- mode power supplies. Todays applications EDLC cell balancing ICs are ideal for future use
ing thermal efficiency and switching speeds. range from air conditioners, solar power invert- in EVs.
Season 4 will see the integration of SiC MOS- ers, and EV chargers to industrial equipment The continuation of this article outlines these
FETs, which should result in further efficiency and beyond. devices that will contribute to greater EV drive
gains. Lighter weight - SiC SBDs reduce inverter train efficiency. Click for pdf
SiC SBDs deliver lower switching loss and
forward voltage characteristics, reducing con-
Download PDF Find Automotive SiC components
duction losses for greater efficiency and per-
formance. As a result they are often utilized in of Article on EETsearch

designideas
RC oscillator generates linear triangle wave

designideas
RC oscillator generates linear triangle wave By Arturo Rivera
The comparator output is a rectangular wave whose amplitude is de-

This Design Idea avoids the RC charging waveshape of a standard pendent on U1s output stage. This signal is reduced by R3 & R4 before
relaxation oscillator, replacing it with a linear rise/fall triangle wave. Posi- the adder; otherwise, the triangular shape will revert to the RC curve.
tive feedback is used to increase the charging rate over each half-cycle
and straighten out the curve.
The oscillator consists of Schmitt trigger comparator U1 and non-inver-

ting adder U2. Oscillation is accomplished by the same principle that
drives the relaxation oscillator, toggling the comparator output when the Since V(D) must be stable, R3 & R4 are several times lower than the sur-
capacitor voltage reaches the threshold of the hysteresis. This hysteresis rounding resistors; R3+R4 is the comparators main load. Low values
voltage, HsV, is defined by R1 & R2 in the comparators positive feedback (here, 1 k) are suggested, commensurate with acceptable U1 output
loop. loading, though all values can be scaled up.
The U2 adder sums V(D) and the capacitor voltage V(C) with a gain of
two, defined by R7 & R8. Its output charges C1 through R9. With V(D) at
V(U1Out), the capacitor voltage will describe a linear-slope line, forming
The hysteresis band sets the amplitude of the triangular waveform across C1. a triangular waveform.
The adder input resistors R5 & R6 divide both voltages by two. The
Barkhausen stability criterion requires unity gain to perform oscillation, so
the adder gain must recover this loss:

designideas
If R5=R6 and R7=R8 then Vout = V(C) + V(D)
The addition process can be described as two time functions: one from
T0 to T1, where V(C)T0 = -HsV and V(C)T1 = +HsV due to the positive va-
lue of V(D), and the other from T1 to T2, which reverses the process: V(C) At this maximum frequency, the adder output current through R9 & C1
T2 = -HsV, due to the negative value of V(D). Each integral must equal must be drivable by the op-amp. If necessary, calculate the RC impe-
zero because a DC offset is not expected. dance and C1 value in this example, to meet 2 k total: R9 = 1 k, XC
= 1 k.
Output frequency is equal to:
Solving the general form of the equation, where V(C) initial value is zero
and V(D) toggles between positive and negative: The solution for V(C) is
a linear function of V(D) and time. V(D) toggles between positive and ne-
gative when it reaches HsV. If V(D) increases, the frequency will increase
too.
Duty-cycle adjustment is made by adding a DC component to V(D)
C1 Frequency through R4. The usable adjustment range is about 10%-90%.
10F 10-50 Hz
1F 100-500 Hz
0.1F 1-5 kHz
0.01F 10-50 kHz
The op-amps slew rate limits the frequency of this application. The com- Arturo Rivera is a professor at Universidad Nueva Esparta and owner of a
parator output must maintain a square shape, so the minimum period can company manufacturing DC-DC converters.
be defined using the total excursion and a factor of 10:

productroundup
productroundup
Gigabit Ethernet FPGA module Highly integrated power quality monitoring AFE
with TCP/IP offload engine
O range Tree Technologies (Oxford, UK) has announced the ZestET2-J,
an FPGA module with a very high performance TCP/IP Offload En-
gine (TOE) chip for Gigabit Ethernet interfacing, providing access to very
A nalog Devices has released a polyphase analogue front end (AFE),
with power quality analysis according to EN61000-4-30 Class S,
designed to help extend the health and life of industrial equipment while
fast data rates without having to integrate complex networking hardware saving developers significant time and cost over custom solutions. The
and software. The module can be used as a programmable interface to ADE9000 AFE is an off-the-shelf solution with
external devices, for high speed embedded power quality algorithms and inte-
processing of streaming data, and grated high-performance analogue-to-digital
for data acquisition and control, converters (ADCs) in one single device, to mea-
in markets including industrial vi- sure and analyze power pollution to prevent dis-
sion, radar, so- ruptions and long-term damage,
nar and medical Complete
article, here
primarily for three-phase power Complete
article, here
imaging. meters.
Maxim's 1-Wire interface meets Arduino and mbed Heterogeneous inside & out cores
meet many-core needs
M axim Integrated has posted details of its reference design,
MAXREFDES132#, which provides a platform for interfacing with
the company's 1-Wire devices, 1-Wire Evaluation Kits (EV kits), and iBut-
I magination Technologies has added the MIPS Warrior I-class I6500
CPU to its IP offering; a multi-threaded, multi-core, multi-cluster design
that promises increased levels of system efficiency and scalable comput-
ton devices using the DS2484 IC-to-1-Wire master, or a bit-bang master ing for many-core heterogeneous designs. The I6500 provides a highly
on D2 of the Arduino form-factor pinout. Use the design with 1-Wire net- scalable solution which can coherently implement optimized configura-
works, data logging, and for rapid pro- tions of CPU cores within a cluster this is
totyping. Maxim says that its 1-Wire bus what Imagination tags Heterogeneous Inside'
continues to flourish in the era of IoT. as well as a variety of configurations of CPU
This unique protocol provides communi- clusters and GPU or accelerator clusters on a
cation and power along chip depending on the require-
a single wire, at relative- article,
Complete
here
ments of the system (Hetero- Complete
article, here
ly long distances. geneous Outside).

productroundup
433-MHz band antenna offers high gain Harmonise in-vehicle display panels
and simple integration with 14-ch gamma buffer
A ntenova (Hatfield, UK), maker of antennas and RF antenna modules
for M2M and IoT, has added Inca (part no SRFI028), to its flexiiANT
FPC range. This antenna is for small devices in the 433MHz ISM band.
A s vehicles are increasingly fitted with multiple displays, for both in-
fotainment and for driver assistance (ADAS), the problem arises of
inconsistent viewing experiences across those panels.
The antenna measures 101.0 x 20.0 x 0.15 mm, and weighs just 0.5g, Intersil is addressing the problem with its ISL76534 14-channel gamma
with a peak gain of 2.80 dBi. It is suitable for any small electronic device buffers IC, which it claims as the lowest-power part offering such func-
in the 433 MHz band, typically remote monitoring, robot control, smart tionality. The automotive-grade part ensures consistent brightness and
meters, home automation and medical devices. It colour matching across all LCD panels
can also be used with low power wireless mod- used in a vehicle. The ISL76534 is suitable
ules, as the 433 MHz band is increasingly being for next generation LCDs designed for in-
chosen for IoT applications that fotainment displays, ADAS,
exploit the longer range that can Complete
article, here
smart mirrors and instru- Complete
article, here
be achieved with this frequency. ment cluster displays.
Intel samples Stratix 10 FPGAs on 14nm node First 1000V silicon carbide MOSFET
I ntel has announced it is now sampling the Stratix 10 FPGAs, moving

the FPGA fabric to its 14nm tri-gate process technology and combining
it with a new architecture called HyperFlex. The new part sampling now
W olfspeed has introduced a 1000V MOSFET that enables a reduction
in overall system cost, while improving system efficiency and de-
creasing system size, in applications such as efficient elec-
claims 2X the core performance and over 5X the density compared to the tric vehicle fast battery chargers. The company says that the
previous generation and up to 70% lower power than Stratix V FPGAs for FET offers system designers ultra-fast switching speeds with
equivalent performance. The part delivers up a fraction of a silicon MOSFETs switching losses. Design-
to 10 TFLOPS of single-precision floating point ers can reduce component count by moving from silicon-
DSP performance and up to 1TBps memory based, three-level topologies to simpler two-level topologies
bandwidth with integrated High-Bandwidth made possible by the 1000 Vds rating of the SiC MOSFET.
Memory (HBM2) in-package. The increase in output power in a reduced
It embeds a quad-core 64-bit Complete
article, here
footprint is realized by the ultra-low output Complete
article, here
ARM Cortex-A53 processor. capacitance, as low as 60 pF.

productroundup
Authentication protects systems Zero-code-programmable mixed-signal IC in
and securely controls IoT nodes 4.4 mm
M axims DeepCover Secure Authenticator, DS28C36, provides public-key and
secret-key crypto functions that support new levels of embedded security
protection; developers of industrial, medical, and IoT products now have an added
S ilego Technology has packaged its GreenPAK Configurable
Mixed-signal IC into an ultra-small 2.0 x 2.2 mm 14-pin out-
line. Silego's SLG46169V and SLG46170V GreenPAK program-
level of IP and device integrity protection. Helping to integrate strong defences into mable mixed-signal matrix ICs allow engineers to design cus-
products and systems, the DS28C36 provides a targeted set of asymmetric-key tom mixed-signal circuits using integrated, configurable digital
and symmetric-key cryptographic tools in a low cost and compact solution. Asym- logic and timing resources and, in the case
metric public-key features are supported with the P256 based elliptic curve cryp- of the SLG46169V, two analogue compara-
tography (ECC) algorithm and symmetric secret-key with SHA-256. The DS28C36 tors. These devices are suited for integrat-
provides two authenticated GPIO pins with optional secure state control and level ing common functions such as system
sensing as well as a function to enhance secure download/boot reset, power sequencing,
features. The device also integrates sophisticated countermea- Complete
article, here
glue logic, LED control and article,
Complete
here
sures to protect against invasive and noninvasive security attacks. more, all with zero code.
24-pin MCUs with IOs to support up to 13 sensors QM series; TDKs revisit of modular PSU concept
R enesas' RL78/G11 Group of microcontrollers is a group of small-

package, low-power MCUs that support low-power sensor hubs and
sensor application systems. The RL78/G11 MCUs support the largest
T DK Lambda has added a new modular, configurable power supply
series with the 1200W - 1500W modular QM range. It has been de-
signed specifically to offer the lowest acoustic noise and to provide for
number of sensors in an MCU with 24 pins: 11 analogue input channels medical applications comprehensive MoPP isolation. Product definition
and six serial communications channels. With the 24-pin compact pack- is made using an online configurator, giving an
age, the MCUs can support signal inputs from a maximum of 13 sensors. optimised module selection with a choice of sig-
Processing of the signal inputs from the sensors nals, leakage current and standby voltages. With
by the built-in analogue functions and serial com- a wide range 90-264Vac, 47-440 Hz input the
munications (reception) functions that operate even QM can deliver 1200W; and 1500W with a 150-
in standby mode allows low-power 264Vac input. Up to 16 outputs
control, even in systems with mul- Complete
article, here
can be provided, with voltages Complete
article, here
tiple sensors. ranging from 2.8V to 52.8V.

productroundup
100 MHz to 40 GHz power detector replaces Schottkys Photorelays rated to 5A replace industrial E-M relays
W ith 1 dB accuracy & 35 dB dynamic range (1 dB), LTC5596 is a

high frequency, wideband and high dynamic range RMS power de-
tector that provides accurate, true power measurement of RF and micro-
T oshiba Electronics has added three DIP8 package photorelays that
can replace mechanical relays in industrial applications. With 5A large
drive current they can be used in applications ranging from heating, ven-
wave signals independent of modulation and waveforms. The LTC5596 tilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to inverters, PLCs and auto-
responds in a log-linear 29 mV/dB scale to mated test equipment (ATE). A guaranteed pulsed ON-state current that
signal levels from 37 dBm to 2 dBm, at is three times greater than that of the continuous
accuracy better than 1 dB error over the full ON-state current secures a margin for safety
operating temperature range and RF frequen- design. TLP3547 is a 60V product with 5A (max.)
cy range, from 200 MHz to 30 GHz. In addi- large drive current. The TLP3548 is a 400V
tion, the devices response product with a 0.4A (max) drive
has 1 dB flatness within this article,
Complete
here
current that offers high-speed Complete
article, here
frequency range. switching of 1 msec (max).
AC/DC PSU outputs 40W from 4.5 sq in footprint RS-485 transmitters support 20 Mbps,
draw under 0.6 mW
X P Power's ECF40 series of single-output 40W ultra compact AC-DC
power supplies are open frame convection-cooled units capable of
delivering their full output power without the need for any external forced
E xar's high-speed RS-485/RS-422 transmitters, XR33193, XR33194
and XR33195, operate from a 3.3V supply and draw only 180 A
(375 A maximum) of supply current. All transmitters feature a shutdown
air flow up to +50C. XP claims the units as the smallest 40W open frame mode that consumes less than 2 A whenever the transmitters are dis-
power supply available, at 76.2 x 38.1 x 28.0 mm. XP intends the unit abled. The family is available in 3x3 mm 6-pin TSOT23 packages, ideal
for a range of applications in the healthcare, for high-speed point-to-point RS-485 applications
industrial and technology sectors, rating it where space is a concern. The XR33193/94/95
for an operating temperature range of -40 to offer 250 kbps, 2.5 Mbps and 20 Mbps data
+70C. The range comprises six models pro- rates; XR33193 and XR33194 have slew-limited
viding all the popular nominal outputs; XR33195 features 25
output voltages from +12 to Complete
article, here
nsec propagation delay and 5 Complete
article, here
+48 VDC. nsec driver-output skew.

TA L E S F R O M T H E C U B E LEN SHERMAN, MAXIM INTEGRATED
Inspiration from Chinatown
I n the early 1990s, battery power

products were taking off. We
were getting lots of requests for
would be weeks before we'd be
able crown the winner. It would be
much better (and more fun) if we
crushed watch, laying by the kerb.
That clever low-tech sort of "Lo-

tion when the circuit-under-test's
output voltage dropped under a
set threshold. We stuck these on
power supply circuits that oper- could have a real race with all the Jack/GPS/event timer" stuck with the output of each circuit in the
ated efficiently from AA batteries. candidates starting at the same me and inspired a cheap and race, put on a fixed resistor load
In response to several customer time, a sort of "AA Marathon. simple battery-monitoring alterna- (for 100 mA at 5V), and started
inquiries, one of our engineers But how could we do that without tive to data-acquisition systems, them all. As each power supply
decided to run a contest within the tying up too much lab equipment chart recorders, or even (at that output dropped below 4.5V (we
company to see who could come or making mind-numbing manual time) boring meter reading and could set this trip point with a pot),
up with the circuit that would measurements? note taking. It also had added its clock would stop. The hands,
wring the most run time from four benefits in that it needed no pro- from that point on, displayed the
AA alkaline batteries while gener- So, what does all this have to do gramming skill, supplied an easily time when the circuit gave up. The
ating 5V at 100 mA. with Chinatown, the 1970s film readable result, and even featured clocks were all started at 12:00, so
noir private eye movie with Jack "nonvolatile" data retention! the hands showed running time in
We ended up with about six cir- Nicholson? There is a brief scene hours and minutes (within twelve
cuits to test, but quickly realized where Nicholson is tailing a car. All that was needed were low- hours of course).
that it would take a long time The target vehicle stops, the driver power comparator/reference ICs
to test them in a manner that gets out, and enters a house. Jack (a single chip IC, even in 1993) This was a great triumph of "low
wouldn't hoard too much lab doesn't want to wait (possibly to gate power to each of the six tech. Just $60 worth of cheap
equipment or lab technician time, all night) to see when the driver cheap $8 drug-store battery- clocks and a few ICs became an
particularly if we wanted to run leaves, so he grabs an old wrist- powered analogue clocks. True effective, and very cheap, substi-
several tests to reduce the influ- watch (out of a box of old watches to Chinatown, these had to be tute for a rack of HPIB hardware.
ence of battery variations. We did he apparently keeps in his car's analogue clocks (with hands), not
have an automated test rack at trunk just for this purpose), winds digital ones, since digital ones (un- Len Sherman is a Senior Scientist
the time, but that was always busy it up, sets it, and places it on less they were mechanical) obvi- at Maxim Integrated where he has
doing "serious" work, and wasn't the road, just under the tyre of ously would not retain their "hand defined dozens of power and bat-
available for the amount of time the parked "target" car. The next position" once power was cut. tery management ICs, primarily for
we would need. We also didn't morning Jack returns. The car has portable and handheld devices.
want to run the tests in series, one left the scene, but it's departure We wired up the comparators to
at a time, because that meant it time is clearly preserved on his open the clock's battery connec-

EDN-EUROPE is published 11 times in 2016 by
European Business Press SA,
533 Chausse de Louvain, 1380 Lasne, Belgium
Tel: +32-2-740 00 50 Fax: +32-2-740 00 59
email: info@eetimes.be.
VAT Registration: BE 461.357.437.
RPM: Nivelles.
It is is free to qualified engineers and managers
involved in engineering decisions see:
http://www.edn-europe.com/subscribe
Copyright 2016 by European Business Press SA.
All rights reserved. P 304128
CONTACTS SALES CONTACTS

PUBLISHER CIRCULATION & Europe USA & Canada Asia
FINANCE
Andr Rousselot France, Spain, Portugal Switzerland West Japan
+32 27400053 Luc Desimpel Daniel Cardon Monika Ailinger Todd A. Bria Keita Sato
andre.rousselot@eetimes.be luc.desimpel@eetimes.be +33 688 27 06 35 +41-41-850 4424 +1 831 477 2075 +81-3-6824-9386
cardon.d@gmail.com m.ailinger@marcomedia.ch tbria@globalmediasales.com ksato@mx.itmedia.co.jp
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF ADVERTISING
PRODUCTION & Belgium Italy PA, NJ & NY Taiwan
Graham Prophet REPRINTS Nadia Liefsoens Andrea Rancati Jim Lees Laura Chen
+44 7733 457432 +32-11-224 397 +02 70 30 00 88 +1-610-626 0540 +886 2 2759 1366 #305
edn-editor@eetimes.be Lydia Gijsegom n.liefsoens@fivemedia.be arancati@rancatinet.it jim@leesmedia.com laura.chen@ubm.com
lydia.gijsegom@eetimes.be
Patrick Mannion UK, Ireland, Israel Scandinavia East, Midwest, South Central China
Brand Director EDN Worldwide ART MANAGER Nick Walker Colm Barry & Jeff Draycott & Canada Brandon Smith
The Netherlands +46-40-41 41 78 Steve Priessman +86755 33248168
Jean-Paul Speliers +44 (0) 1442 864191 jeff.draycott@womp-int.com +1-630-420 8744 Brandon.Smith@ubm.com
nickjwalker@btinternet.com colm.barry@telia.com steve@stevenpriessman.com
ACCOUNTING
Germany, Austria, East, Midwest, South Central
Ricardo Pinto Ferreira Eastern Europe & Canada
Victoria & Norbert Hufmann Lesley Harmoning
european +49 911 93 97 64 42 +1-218.686.6438
business press sales@hufmann.info lesleyharmoning@gmail.com

PDF Edne Nov 2016

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

PDF Edne Nov 2016

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

NOVEMBER 2016

Electrical interconnects extended to 100 Gpbs

3 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

4 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

Good EMI, Compliant with CISPR25 Class 5

95% Efficiency Synchronous Mode Operation

Low Dropout Voltage for Automotive Cold Crank

Wide 4V to 36V Continuous Operating Input Range

6 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

7 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

B yteSnap Designs user inter-

Avnet completes acquisition of Premier Farnell deep expertise in large volume

A vnet, Inc. (based in Phoenix,

8 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

O ver time, a number of efforts

9 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

I ntel has announced the latest

EnOcean to bring Bluetooth LE into energy-harvested operation

10 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

Industrial PLC reference design aimed at Industry 4.0

11 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

W ith the objective of produc-

M elexis' (Tessenderlo, Bel-

12 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

Siemens gateway; industrial IoT launch-point Linux, to benefit from program-

13 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

R enesas Electronics has an-

14 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

ST opens up Cortex-M7 designs with development system expansion

S ilicon Labs has announced

15 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

Energy-efficient biomedical sensor hub for wearables plications such as impedance-

B elgian research centre imec,

16 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

WHY DO YOU NEED AN RTOS IN AN IOT WORLD?

A n RTOS is an important element in enabling

17 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

Download PDF Find RTOS for the IoT

18 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

19 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

PULSE OXIMETRY USING A PROGRAMMABLE MIXED SIGNAL ARRAY IC

P ulse oximetry is a simple non-invasive

20 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

This detailed article continues to show how

Download PDF Find Mixed signal array IC for oximetry

21 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

HIGH-PERFORMANCE GAN-BASED 48-V TO 1-V CONVERSION FOR POL APPLICATIONS

4 8V to point-of-load (PoL) conversion is

22 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

23 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

IMPLEMENTING IEEES 802.3BT 71W POE STANDARD - NOW

W ith Power over Ethernet (PoE) being a

24 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

a particular bulb will draw less than its class

25 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

OPTIMIZED FOR ADAS APPLICATIONS: NEW COMPILER CHALLENGES

T he compiler is a key tool for the cost-

When planning a compiler technology road-

26 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

27 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

FORMULA E SHOWCASES AUTOMOTIVE EFFICIENCY & PERFORMANCE GAINS THROUGH SIC

S iC, Silicon Carbide, which has for many

28 EDN Europe NOVEMBER 2016 www.edn-europe.com

RC oscillator generates linear triangle wave