Bullying is a common word that we hear often. It is heard most often in the school yard.

What is
bullying, and what makes a bully do what he/she does? What types of bullying is there? This
essay will discuss all the above and strive to educate, you, the reader on bullying and its
harmful effects too.

Bullying is defined as unwanted, aggressive behaviour. Bullying can have lasting impressions
on the bully, as well as, the victim. Most often, children who bully others use their physical
strength, popularity or access to some information against the victim to show their powers. This
behaviour is repeated over and over and if not stopped can encourage the bully to do worse.
How does one know when they are being bullied? Easily. Bullies threaten others. They spread
rumours. They attack others verbally or physically. Bullies also do not include anyone they think
not suitable in play.

There are three types of bullying. Some are straightforward and can be identified easily.
However, there are some forms of bullying that leaves one wondering if they were bullied at all.
The three forms of bullying are verbal bullying, physical bullying and social bullying. We are all
aware of verbal and physical bullying. Verbal bullying involves teasing, taunting, name-calling,
inappropriate sexual comments etc. Physical bullying involves hitting, kicking, pinching, pushing,
shoving, braking anothers things, spitting etc. What is social bullying? Social bullying is very
common in the playground, especially when there is a new child. Social bullying involves leaving
a new child out of play on purpose, whispering about the child in front of him/her, embarrassing
the child in public and not allowing other children to be friendly with the child.

What makes a bully do the things he does? There is no one single reason for bullying. However,
there are a significant amount of reasons that can contribute to the problem. A child who is
bullied himself by his peers or siblings can also turn to bullying others. Bullies are often products
of overly-permissive or overly strict parents. Parents who find bullying entertaining can also
produce a child who will bully others because it is not wrong. Children who are troubled or
abused and do not know how to handle their problems also turn to bullying as a form of
ventilating their frustrations.

Bullying is something that can be prevented. This has to be handled by parents and school staff.
Parents can help children understand what bullying is and explain to the children that bullying is
bad. Teachers too should get involved and educate children on the harmful effects of bullying.
The most opportune time to prevent bullying is before it begins. Schools should build rules
against bullying and bullies should be punished. Teaching children to handle a bully is also a
good way of preventing further problems. Bullies get away with bullying because they can. Once
they understand that they cannot get away with it, they stop. A clear, calm no while looking in
the bullys eye is one way to handle a bully. However, sometimes this does not work. Children
should be advised and encouraged to consider outside help before the bullying escalates.

Drug abuse is rife in many countries. Billions of dollars are spent

internationally preventing drug use, treating addicts, and fighting drug-
related crime. Although drugs threaten many societies, their effects can also
be combated successfully. This essay looks at some of the effects of drug
use on society, and suggests some solutions to the problem.
Drug abuse causes multiple problems for countries and communities. The
medical and psychological effects are very obvious. Addicts cannot function
as normal members of society. They neglect or abuse their families, and
eventually require expensive treatment or hospitalization. The second effect
is on crime. Huge police resources are needed to fight smuggling and
dealing. Criminal gangs and mafia underworlds develop with the money from
drugs.

However, the menace of drugs can be fought. Education is the first battle.
Children need to be told at home and in school about drugs. People need to
be aware of the effects so that they can make avoid this problem. A second
approach is to increase police manpower and powers to stop dealers and to
enforce the law. However the main target should be the user. Families and
counselors need to talk to children and people at risk. Parents need to look
at their children and help them to Jobs are needed to give people a role in
society.

In conclusion, although the problem of drugs may seem impossible to

eliminate, there are concrete steps that can be taken to weaken the hold of
drugs on society. The danger from drugs is too great to ignore.

Good morning, students. Today, I would like to talk about the importance of
breakfast. Do you know that breakfast is the most important meal of the day? Yet,
most of you do not bother to eat a good breakfast.
There are two main reasons why breakfast is the most important meals. First, it
replaces food reserves that have been used up during the night. Im sure many of
you think that your body does not use up any energy while you are sleeping. Thats
not true. Do you know that there are many organs in your body like the heart and
lungs that do not stop working even though that you are sleeping? Sugar stored in
the liver is transformed into glucose in the night. During this time, your body gets
energy from the glucose. Thus, in the morning, your energy reserves are lower and
need to be replaced.
Second, breakfast provides you energy to work during the morning. This will
prevent you from feeling weak by mid-morning. This feeling weakness is due to
the low amount of glucose in the blood. When your glucose level is low, you will
feel tired and not be able to concentrate on your lessons.
Professor Grande Covian, a well-known nutritionist said, going without
breakfast is a bad habit. By mid-morning, those who have not taken their breakfast
are less efficient and are not able to concentrate well. This may explain why they
obtain low grades in their studies. They are more tired, accident-prone and irritable
than those who have eaten breakfast. So, it is very important that you have a well-
balanced breakfast. It provides you the energy and nutrients to make you healthier
and keep you alert for the day ahead.
Some of you may argue, what if I have no appetite when I get up? Well , this
could happen if you have a late or a large supper. I suggest that you cut down on
your supper or eat it earlier and you will discover that you will wake up with an
appetite. Take breakfast before you come to school. Youll be surprised how much
better you can perform at a school. Thank you.

Every year, after one month of fasting, Muslims celebrate Hari Raya Puasa which falls
in the month of Syawal. All Muslims celebrate the day with great joy. In the morning,
they go to the mosque to pray. Then, on returning home, they receive guests and
relatives who come to pay them a call.

Days before, the women folk make many varieties of cakes, cookies and sweet
meats.They also cook 'rendang' curries and prepare 'satay' to go with the
'ketupat'. Homes are decorated with many coloured lights all over the garden. Small
lamps are lit and placed along the driveway.

On Hari Raya Day, many Malaysians visit their Muslim friends to share their joy. They
receive warm hospitality and are entertained to a feast of specially prepared food. Boys
and girls wear new clothes and shoes. Girls wear jewellery and boys new 'songkoks'.

The town is usually crowded with Muslims dressed gaily and going about. They visit
their friends and relatives while some go to the cinemas or to the Lake Gardens.
Many,however, go back to their 'kampungs' to celebrate the festival with their parents. It
is also a time for family reunions. Everyone rejoices during this festive season.
There are a lot of reason why some people bully. They may see it as a way of being popular or
making themselves look tough and in charge.
Some bullies do it get attention or things or to make other people afraid of them. Other
might be jealous of the person they are bullying. Some young people are bullied for no
particular reason but sometimes its because they are different in some way perhaps its
the colour of their skin, the way they talk, their size or their name.
Sometimes young people are bullied because they look like they wont stand up for
themselves. Sometimes bullies know that what they are doing or saying hurts other
people. But other bullies may not really know how hurtful their action can be. Most
bullies dont understand or care about the feeling of others.
A number of different factors have been identified which contribute to bullying
problems are family, individual and school factors. A family factors is a number of child
rearing styles have been found to predict whether children will grow up to be aggressive
bullies. A lack of attention and worth toward the child, together with modeling of
aggressive behaviour at home and poor supervision of the child provide the perfect
Opportunity for aggressive and bullying behaviour to occur.
Individual factors is the best documented individual child factor in bullying is
temperament. Temperament refers to basic tendencies by children to develop certain
personality styles and interpersonal behaviour . Children who are active and impulsive in
the temperament may be more inclined to develop into bullies.
School factors is the social context and supervision at school have been shown to play
major part in the frequency and severity of bullying problem. While teacher and
administrator do not have control over individual and family factor which produce
children who are inclined to bully. Bullying problem can be greatly reduce in severity by
approriates supervision intervention and climate in school.