Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(Joshual Lederberg)
[]
(NIH)
1992
(Steve Brodie)
(Jalies Axelrod)(Sol Snyder)
(Candace Pert)
(Linda Nelson)
((Charlotte Sheeay)
(Cathy Mercaldi)
(Babette Bilek)
(Anne Brodie)
(Barry
Lippman)(David Wolff)(Paul
Heacock)
(Elise Hancock)
!
(Saul Wotshine)
(Juay)
20
37
53
71
94
113
135
156
175
206
232
247
268
B(Bernard
BBrodie)(Steve)
1886 23 200
(Steve Brodie)
60
1886
(Julius Axelrod)
(Candace Pert)
(Solomon Snyder)
1969
(Isabelle)
(von Ehrenstein)
1981
40
(1970 )
?
!
20
( 5
)(Elise
3
Hancock)
20
(NIH)
B(
) 10
(
)
(Gavril Pasternak)
?
?
()
PB(PBMedawar)
??
(Costa)
?
()[Erminio(Mimo)Costa]
NIH
NIH 78
1970 10
1959
36
??
35
()
?
?
10 10
NIH NIH
9
1
(Anne)
(Bernard Katz)
1935
(Lasker Award)
1
(Mary Lasker)
(Albert Lasker)
16
(Johnson)1969
10
8
(Ben Williamowsky)
1970 10 15
8 ( 12 )
11
NIH
!
12 15
2D45
(norepinephrine
15
)
(Nixon)
1955 (NIMH)
MH
12
11 3 NIMH NIH
?
(Jolhn Burns)
13
?
(Herbert Weissbach)
?
(Elliot Vesell)
()
(Oswald TAvery) 20 40
DNA (James Watson)(Francis
Crick) DNA
(Sally)
14
31
15
(Achilles MTuchtan)
1929
(
)
700
()
2D45
16
NIH
25
9
15
10
17
1941
1970
30 1941
1970
1941
1970
1941 NIH 12 78
1970 NIH 1I 339 6
30
1970 NIH
NIH
(Donald Brown)NIH
NIH
A(James AShannon)
NIH 19551967
1950 NIH
NIH
NIH
18
20 60
NIH
(Lewis Aronow)
19
1942 3
4
300
(Anopheles)
411(106)
(Plasmodium)
1941 1942
20
15 000
()
(Jack Orloff)(
NIH 11 )
NIH
20
21
1941 (
)
()
35
22
20 30
(Thomas Kennedy80
)
1934 1937
1939 3600
?
(John Wyckoff)
10
1929
1941
?
1
1934
23
1939 7
1100 ( 330 ) 57
1600
(
) 1941 1 1
18
40
NIH
24
NIH
15
1941
20 30
[
]
(EK
Marshall)
25
(Homer Smith)
1931
9
(Thomas HMaren)
1941
3
?
52
[
40 ( 64 )]
?
(Atabrine 20
30 )?
26
1946 4 12 4
700
1946
1942 1943
1932
5
(Paul de Kruif)
1942
27
!)
0.1 3
300
1944
1935
(sulfapyridine)
(sulfaguanadine)
28
NIH
1942
(Sid-
ney Udenfriend)24
35
D 3500 (325 )
1944
(George Downing)
29
() geheimrat(
)
5 10
20 90
NIH NIH
30
1936 32
62 ( 189 )
(
)
(Rober Berliner)
31
"
(
)
(Walton)
32
1943 (MacArthur)
50
33
?
(
)
?
1943
1942
34
10 4
200 2000
30
1943
1944
1
35
36
2~3 20
NIH
6
20 50
?
?
60
4
3
(Alfred Pletscher)
37
(Parkhurst Shore)
(
)
()?
()(
)
38
23
(Betty Berger)
(Shirkey
Udenfriend)
4 30
39
(Rachel)
(Henry)
(Abraham Lincoln)
[(Maurice)
20 30
37
]
(Esther Ginsberg
Bmdie)
1907 (
) 4
(Samuel
Brodie)(
)
40
1926 18
678 5 11 ( 180
) 3
3
5000
41
3 (WHHatcher)
24
C A
400
4
1931
4
(George BWallace)
(Eugene Begger) 21
1940
42
1974
1897
26
60
(Otto Loewi
)
43
6 5
1941
1942
1942
16 44
44
(Joseph Post)
(George Gershwin)
45
1943
(falciparum-induced)
(vivax malaria)
(Bayley)
5
22 400 0.075 SN7618
( 7618 )
0.025 12 5
10
3 16
SN7618 (chloroquine)
1946
(pamaquine)
46
(John Baer)
1945
8
1946
()
17 1947 1
6
45
47
4 (
) 1
3
??
3 1 2 (
)
?
(basic)
basic
()
2~3
48
2
32
(
)
1947
6
6
1947
(Avram Goldstein)
(Sumner MKalmaan)
49
()
NIH
(Atropine)
?
10 1947
1905
50
80
(diethylaminoethanol)
19 95
51
1948
10
52
1946
(Brormo-Seltzer)
33
?
72
()
1946
(Isadore Axelrod)
(Molly Axelrod) 1906 (
)
13
53
415
24
22
(Grimm)
(Tolstoy)(Dostoevsky)(H.L.Mencken)
20 30
(Dos Passos)(John Reed)
54
(Sinclair Lewis)
A B
C D
1933
25
40
25
1935
10
DA
B1 B2
55
D D
1934
4F
1946
?
1886
56
1845
6 6
(Friedrich August
kekul)
6 1
1
(
57
) 1
3 1 1 2
1 1
( 1 ) 1
38
72
?
58
1
7
??
1946 11 25
50 1.5
8
p-()
p-
24
?
59
1 ()
(Tylenol)
60
()
61
7
30 GG
59
7/9/46
(Rizzutto)()
62
7 18 11 1.0
l23611
7 18 ~19 11 8
1300
1946
(Phenylhydroxylamine)(
ph a)
1
2 ph OH
3
1 +5
4
5 ph a
63
?
[]
64
(Joseph Turner)
(Mozart)(Picasso)
65
SN7618
(Wolfgang Vogel)
66
5
(Leo Gaudette)
?
?
()
(microsomes)
mitrosomes
15
X Y
67
10
(James Wyngaarden)
15
()
1950
68
69
1949 4 7
70
1949 NIH
NIH
NIH
308 ( 125 )
130 ( 12 )
()
1949
(NIH )
NIH 12
( 19 )
1940 200
NIH
71
NIH 1887
1891 [NIH
] 1930 (Herbert Hoover)
NIH
25 E
5 ( 2 )
2
1935 92 ( 37 )
NIH
(Gilbert Grosvenor
NIH )NIH 1
1938 1
2 3
3
3
3 () 3
72
NIH 2 9
( 1)
3 ? NIH
! sh
3
1946
(streptomycin)
(Dewltt Stetten) 20 30
NIH 8
1949
2 3
20 50 NIH
73
()
NIH
24
11
(Donald S. Frederickson
NIH )1952
1950
(Carl Cori
)
(EarI Sutherland)
32
?
NIH
74
(Cordon Zubrod)
(Robert Bowman)
300 ( 28 ) 15
3~4 ?
?
75
3 3
10
40~50
3 1
()
76
3 1
2 3
1949 12 NIH
NIH
NIH
1952 1956
77
NIH
NIH
1950
1950
29
(Goodman)
(Gilman)
(
)
10
1954
78
1950 (CCNY)
CS5
3
79
?
1~2 ( 2.5~5
)
20 50 2
(Gordon Tomkins)
?
X ?
A B
80
(el segundo)
81
NIH
60
6
1951
? 1941
40
?
82
NIH
30
NIH
NIH 20
50
(Jack Cooper)
83
(
)?
()
?
2000
1887
(mescaline)
1952
(
1
1 )
84
15 L- L-
?
??
1000
20 50
(Glenn Ulyot)
SKF 525-A
(morphine)(codeine)
SKF 525-A
85
?
3
10
?
(phenylacetone)
?
() 10
15 000
86
??
?
??(
)?
??
!
?
?
37(98)
5510
?
TPN()
TPN
87
? TPN
(Bernard Horecker
TPN )
(
) TPN
TPNH()
TPN
1953
1953
1954
TPN
88
SKF 525-A
(James R. Gillette)
89
1955 4 (
)
(Bert
N. La Du)(Choco Mitoma)
SKF 525-A
TPNH
90
(1981
NIH
1982
(Derek de Solla Price)
NIH
91
?
10
100 1961 NIH
NIH
?
!
??
()
92
93
G 2023 6
1955 9
29 8
?? 42
3
(Paul K. Smith)
94
1954
1954~1955 1941
(antipyrine)
1955 6
SKF 525-A NIH
1975
95
9
96
4~5
1
(LSD)
(Timothy Leary)
10
(NIMH NIH ) NIH
() NIMH
(Seymour Kety)
?
?
S-(Ci-
ulio Contoni)
NIMH
(Edward V. Evarts)
97
LSD
?
NIMH
(Julius Comroe)
(Robert Dripps)
30
529
4l
98
1955
NIH
1955 (Leo-
nard A. Scheele) NIH 14
9
6
1952
NIH
(Bill
Carrigan)
18
NIH
1954 28 000 7
798
99
NIH
?
50
NIH 7
11
1976
NIH
NIH
30
100
NIH
1949 NIH 1
10 10
3
10
14 NIH 29
3s
4 4
() 40
101
540
NIH
1953 7 6 3
78
10 6~7
4~5
40
(
) 7Nll7
20 ( 6 )
100 ( 30 )
8 7
LCP()
102
serotonin
)
1953
(J. H. Gaddum)
LSD
LSD
(reserpine) 20
50 (chlorpromazine)
(
)
?
?
103
1/1000
LSD
1 LCP
104
)
1967
(Albert Hoffmann)
1938
LSD
NIMH 7
3 LSD
LSD)
LSD
LSD
?
LSD
LSD
1956
1955
NIMH 2
2D45
1984
105
2D45
NIH
1956
(Hoffer)(Osmond)
(adrenoehrome)
(baeillus)
1/100
1/4
NIMH
(Robert A. Cohen)
106
20
?
NIMH
()
5
(monoamine oxidase)
107
1921
( 1936
)
Vagusstoff
1948
1
()
1957
108
(Marvin D. Armstrong)(Armand Mcmillan)
3-
-4- VMA
VMA
3- 3
1
1 2
1 ?
VMA
? S-!
S- SAM NIMH
SAM
1
SAM
(
)
VMASAM
SAM
1957 3 10
SAM
SAM
109
ATP
80
7
ATP
ATP
SAM
SAM
ATP
SAM
(Gabriel de la Haba) SAM
SAM
SAMSAM
VMA
(Bernard Witkop)
110
(Siro Senoh)
(normetanephrine)
(dopamine)(Cate-
cholamine)
-O-(catechol-O-methyltransferaseO
)
"COMT"(-O-)
111
?
112
1957
1
1 2 3
113
1958
?
?
1958 12 6
(Hans Weil-Malherbe)
(Gordon Whitby)
114
33 (10 )
229 46
150 48 229
?
-O-
(Richard Crout)
?
1/10
1 ( 2.5 ) 1000
115
2
2
116
?
(Georg Hertting)
45
3.2
1
15
117
-
3
H []
1961 132
13
- 2D45
(Lincoln Potter)
118
(Leslie Iversen)
(Jacques Glowinski
) 2D45
20 50 60
(Michael Brownstein)
NIH
(Victor Cohn) 20 50
119
(
)
7 2
1960
20 60
NIH 4
20 50 60
120
NIH
COMT
25
3 2D45 3
8
20
(Brigham and
121
Woman's Hospittal) 4
(NIH
)
2D45
30
(Juan Saavedra) 1971
122
()
123
NIMH
noodge
(Merrily Poth)
?
(Hans Thoenen)
20 60
124
(Jacgues de Champlain)
125
10
7
?
10
?
??
126
?(Martin Zatz) 20 70
NIMH
?
(Irv Kopin) NIMH
50
ABCD
127
(Roland D. Ciamello)
45 ?3.2
128
5 4
1971
150
129
NIH
1938
1970
!
NIH
130
131
NIMH
(Steny Hoyer)(Thomas
Eagleton)(Reagan)(George
Keyworth)NIMH
(Fred Goodwin)
20
SAM[ S-]
132
)
1970 12
40 ( 64
)
31
133
1963 1965
2D45
10 2
7
1 20 60
134
1957
18 M
18
!
26
NIMH
(Marion Kies)
NIH
() 10 2
D
135
1938 5
25
(
)
[(Ardr Segovia)]
?
?
(Nie-
tzsche)(Freud)
(Carl Merril)
136
100
?
?
!
!
NIMH
137
1962
(Elaine)
NIH
NIH
NIH
1963
138
(histamine)
(histidine)()
10
COMT(-O-)
COMT 1
?
1959
-N- HIMT
SAM HIMT
SAM( SAM)
?
SAM
139
20
20
(Richard Wurtman)
(
)
140
(Descartes)
1965
10 000
(
)
141
(Wilbur Quag)
20 50
200 (90.8 )
1/10
1956
3 1 (28.35 )
24
(J. W. Vanable)
142
10
20
2
10
143
[]
NIH NIH
!!
144
2D45
1970 12 10
20
145
20 50 60
60
10
1960
1962
1963
1965
20 50
1956
(Marcel Bickel)
5
1961
NIH
146
7N117
(Lewis Schanker) 20
50
147
10
NIH
20 40
40
12
8
1950 8 31
[
(Frietla Harris)
1939 40
]
1905
(Anastasia)
(Anne)(Burster
Brown)
148
(Cene Berger)
149
)
20 50
(Peter Neff)
150
LSD
(Evelyn Attix)
1962 7 NIH
NIH 25
1 NIH
151
20
NIH
(
)
(Hill)
(Fogarty) NIH
NIH16 E
38A 166 000 ( 15
400 )
NlH
NlH NIH
152
1 1983
NIH
10
NIH 5 NIH
5200 8100 5
5 43 000
1967
NIH 14
NIH
(Eisenhower)
(Ike)
153
NlH
(Lewis
Thomas)
NIH
20 50
NIH
NIH NIH
NIH
NIH
1965 27 NIH
154
250
155
(Diane Russell) 32
24 3
(Donald S. Famer)
156
1967 9
2~3
()
- (Guy
Williams-Ashman)
(Edith
Hendley)
NIH
NIH
()
157
?
()
3
(Antton von Leeuwenhoek)
(
)
()
158
2/3
()
3.2
38.9 11
16
159
1968
15 630
()
160
161
(
) 7
162
10
(Robert Goodman)
163
(Robert Gould)
MSD
(Adele Snowman) 20 70
1978
164
!!
?
165
15 (
)
20 70
NIH
1969 3l
166
?
?
1966
1970 16
(Joseph Coyte)
(Samuel Beckett)
167
NIMH
(Michael Kuhar)
1968 1970
1972
()
168
(Beebe)1946 6 26
(Robert Beebe)
(Mildred Beebe)
()
169
1965
9 (Agu Pert)
1965 11 9
007 3
C-
C- A+
(Candace)
"Candy()
(Evan)
170
()
35 ( 56
) 25 ( 40 )
()
171
?
?
20 000
(Joseph V. Brady)
20 20 (
60 )
?
3
1970
172
20
1970
(demerol)
173
(Ken Taylor)
174
25 ( 40 )
9 7
9~10
20
5 3
7~11
(
)
1905
175
[Paul Ehrtich
(Salvarsan)](John Newport-
langley) 1905
(curari)
20
1974
20 60
1/4
1971 6 17
176
()
()
177
?
()()
(
(Levorotatory)
(Dextrorotatory)
L D
5~10
1971
1971
(horseradish)
(Jerome Jaffe)
1971
178
(Avram Goldstein)
(1971
)
()
(
)
179
2521
2298 223 8
2
1971 1972
180
15
(Pedro Cuatrecasas)
()
181
(
)
?
?!?
1972
1971
182
4(Whaman)
(GF-B) 8
(tris)
183
3 KRB
0.1 10
EAWP
1000
1972 9 22
184
?
(W. D. M. Paton)
(
)
185
()
1972 9
22
!!
?
5
9 8
1800
186
500
1972
!
9
2
12 1 1 15
800
2000 2
? 60!
()
()
187
(codeine)
5-
()
1973 3 9
(MIH)
188
NIH
NIH
26
?
1972
(Max Plank)
(Albert Herz)
(Vincent Dole)70 (Hans Kosterlitz
189
14
190
()
10
?
10
1973
1
100 ( 160 )
1974
1975 100
191
1976 ()
1977
1978 6000
31
1977
3 20
3 8
??
1979
100
20 70
192
(David Bylund)1975
-
- -
4
-
1976
5 274
20 60
193
80
15
?
?
(David
Hubel)(Torsten Wiesel) 20 60 70
20
1981
194
5
3 3 3
10
195
()
(Daniel Boone)
20 60
2
()
196
OK
(
)
NIH
?
[]
?
!
197
1978
(
)
1973
20 70
1973 6
198
40~100
40 400
400
(Benzodiazepines)
()
199
()
(Theodore W. Rall)
1981
1981
200
6
(
)
GABA()
?
(phosphodiesterase)
DNA DNA
201
()
A BA B
B A
202
()
NIH
COMT
1972 1974
1974~1975
?
203
?
1974 5
(
)
(John Hughes)
270
300~700
204
OK
?
1975 12 18
[(Howard Morris)]
205
28
?
(Vanessa)
9~10
NIMH NIMH
1975 9
10
206
2
5 NIH
?
NIH NIH
(Terry
Moody)
20 60
207
NIH
1977
(bombesin)
?
20
P 20
5-
14
4
4
5
1978
208
1980 3 )
NIH
NIH
(Eric
Simon)
1973
209
90
10
210
(Mikes Herlenham)
1977 NIH
211
1978
212
28
()
?
??
213
11
1978 11 21
1979
-(Joan Arehart-Treichel)
214
(Joann Rodgers)
1983 (
)
?
(William
K. Stuckey)
215
CAT
!!
216
!
(Rozzie Franklin)
X DNA
217
1958 37
14
[
1979
(ISI)(Eugene Garfield)
218
1971
NIH
219
pH
(
)
220
6GoldBtein ALowney LIPal BK
Sterospecific
and nonspecific interactions of the morophine congener lev-
orphanol in subcellular fractions of mouse brainProceedings of
the National Academy of Science681742-17471971
7Pert CBSnyder SHOpiate receptorDemon-
stration in nervous tissueScience1791011-10141973
20
100
(Isaac Newton)
1978
()
?
(Lars Terenius)
221
?
?
(NIDA)
NIDA
(William Pollin)
1973~1976 17
87
38
NIH
222
20 60
?
53
223
30
?
?
1971
??
224
40
(cheese)
1979 11 4
6000
(Peachtree)
16
400
4
l ( 30 )
4
25 50
40
40
225
(Key Dismukes
1971~1973 )
()
(
)
(Avram)
()
226
?
?
227
?
(Thomas August)
??
?
20
??
228
229
1974
230
4
231
JN
BN
(Daniel Levinson)
10
(
)
232
(Homer)
(Odysseus)(Telemachus)
?
(Benjamin E. Mays)
(Martin Luther KingJr. )
(William Safire)
(Doonesbury)
(
?)
[(Gail Sheehy)
]
17~22 ( 1~2 )
20
233
(Florey)
234
10~15
2040
(Thomas Kuhn) 1962
(Lavoisier)(Dalton)
(Jonathan Cole)
(Stephen Cole)
235
1979
6700 1965~1978 500
1000
()()
50 1000
1000
(Carlsson)
236
237
(Auguste Comte)-(Saint-Simon)
(Fermi)(Corbino)(Segre)
(Otto Hahn)(Rutherford)
(Meitner)(Sehwinger)
(I. I. Rabi)(J. D. Watson)
(Luria)(Mary Whiton Calkins)
(William James)
[(Harriet Zuckerman)
] 92 1972
48
(Glaser)(Anderson)
(Milikan)(Nernst)
(Bohr)(Bethe)
(J. J. Thomson)
(Rayleigh)(Khorana)
238
(Kornberg)
(Gerta Cori)
(Hans Krebs)
1931 (Otto Warburg)
(Emil Fisher1902 50
)(Ad-
olf von Baeyer)3 70
4
()
(Just-
us von Liebig1803-1873)
(J. L. Gay-Lussac1778-1850)
(Claude
Louis Berthollet1748~1822)
239
?
()
?
(
)()
240
?
3 3 3
? ?
241
100 2+2=4
?
?
242
(Robert Merton
)1967
?
?
()
+++=
()
710 3/4
10
243
?
?
?
?
?
(Daniel Greenberg)
()
244
?
20 50
?
()
()
800 ( 1290 )
245
246
1985
80
(Alice)
NIH 15
20 60
64
(Irvin
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1965
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A simple sensitive radiorecptor asaay for calcium arrragonist
drugsLife Sciences33266526721983
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3
H-Mazindol Binding Associated with Neuronal Dopamine and
Norepinephrine Uptake SitesMolecular Pharmacology26
35441984
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